A precise irrigation method for soilless cultivation of cut lily

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation, and specifically relates to a precision irrigation method for soilless cultivation of cut lilies. Based on the stem flow characteristics of cut lilies, the present invention combines environmental factors with the water metabolism and growth of lilies to establish a precision irrigation model for soilless cut lilies, thereby achieving the purpose of water-saving precision irrigation; at the same time, compared with the traditional cut lily cultivation mode, the precision irrigation method for soilless cultivation of the present invention can keep the bulbs in an environment with relatively low soil humidity, effectively curb soil-borne diseases such as fungi and bacteria, and reduce the rate of pests and diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation, and in particular relates to a precise irrigation method for soilless cultivation of cut lilies. Background Art

[0002] Lily is a perennial herbaceous bulbous flower of the genus Lilium in the family Liliaceae. The basic planting method is the traditional greenhouse protected soil planting method. The irrigation method is mainly flooding and drip irrigation, and the irrigation amount is mainly based on the management experience of the grower.

[0003] Since lilies are particularly sensitive to soil continuous cropping obstacles, especially when the soil moisture is relatively high, soil-borne diseases are more serious, which makes lily bulbs easy to degenerate. On the other hand, lily bulbs are also particularly sensitive to water demand during the cut flower production process. Lilies have different water demands in different environments and different growth periods. For example, water shortage before buds emerge will seriously affect the rooting of lily stems. Water shortage during the stem extraction period will affect the growth of lily plants and nutrient absorption. Water shortage during the budding period will directly affect the commercial characteristics of lily cut flowers. Moreover, under the current background of scarce land resources, the traditional soil planting model of flowers has led to increasingly serious land salinization, which is no longer suitable for the development of the current flower industry.

[0004] As a major cut flower, the only way to develop the cut lily industry is to implement a soilless precision cultivation and management model. This requires a water-saving irrigation method based on environmental factors and the water metabolism laws of the lily's growth cycle. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a facility soilless cultivation precision irrigation method based on the stem flow characteristics of cut lilies. The facility soilless cultivation precision irrigation method can combine environmental factors with the water metabolism and growth of lilies, making the irrigation of cut lilies more water-saving and precise.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for precise irrigation of cut lily soilless cultivation, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The irrigation water volume Y1 before budding is set according to the water retention rate of the substrate, and the irrigation water volume Y2 during the stemming period and the irrigation water volume Y3 during the budding period are set according to the relative humidity X1, temperature X2 and light intensity X3 of the previous day.

[0008] Preferably, X1=(relative humidity at 9:00 am on the previous day + relative humidity at 13:00 noon on the previous day + relative humidity at 17:00 pm on the previous day) / 3;

[0009] X2 = (temperature at 9:00 am on the previous day + temperature at 13:00 pm on the previous day + temperature at 17:00 pm on the previous day) / 3;

[0010] X3 = (light intensity at 9:00 am the previous day + light intensity at 13:00 pm the previous day + light intensity at 17:00 pm the previous day) / 3.

[0011] Preferably, the water retention rate of the matrix = (100.35-0.99X2) / 100.

[0012] Preferably, when the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 14 to 16 cm,

[0013] The amount of irrigation water before germination Y1 = (50 mL / substrate water retention rate) × A × number of bulbs planted;

[0014] The daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period Y2=[(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate]×A×the number of bulbs planted;

[0015] The daily irrigation water volume during the budding period Y3 = [(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate] × A × number of bulbs planted;

[0016] The A=the weight of the bulb with a circumference of 14 to 16 cm / the weight of the bulb with a circumference of 16 to 18 cm.

[0017] Preferably, when the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 16 to 18 cm,

[0018] The amount of irrigation water before germination Y1 = (50 mL / substrate water retention rate) × number of bulbs planted;

[0019] The daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period Y2=(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate×number of bulbs planted;

[0020] The daily irrigation water volume during the budding period Y3=[(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate]×the number of bulbs planted.

[0021] Preferably, when the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 18 to 20 cm,

[0022] The amount of irrigation water before germination Y1 = (50 mL / substrate water retention rate) × B × number of bulbs planted;

[0023] The daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period Y2=[(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate]×B×the number of bulbs planted;

[0024] The daily irrigation water volume during the budding period Y3 = [(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate] × B × number of bulbs planted;

[0025] The B=the weight of the bulb with a circumference of 18 to 20 cm / the weight of the bulb with a circumference of 16 to 18 cm.

[0026] Preferably, it is characterized in that the planting depth of the cut lily bulbs is 6 to 10 cm.

[0027] Preferably, the plant spacing of the cut lily bulbs is 14-16 cm, the row spacing is 14-16 cm, and the planting density is 30-40 bulbs / m 2 .

[0028] Preferably, the plant spacing of the cut lily bulbs is 18-22 cm, the row spacing is 18-22 cm, and the planting density is 25-30 bulbs / m 2 .

[0029] Preferably, the planting period of the cut lily bulbs is March, September or October every year.

[0030] Preferably, the irrigation method of the facility soilless culture precision irrigation method is drip irrigation.

[0031] Beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention provides a method for precise irrigation of cut lily in soilless cultivation facilities. Based on the determination of stem flow characteristics of cut lily in previous experiments, the present invention understands the characteristics of cut lily's demand for water, and then combines environmental factors with lily water metabolism and growth to establish a precise irrigation model for cut lily. During use, according to the established lily precise irrigation model, precise irrigation is performed according to the daily water demand of the cut lily, so as to achieve the purpose of water-saving precise irrigation; at the same time, compared with the traditional cut lily cultivation mode, the precise irrigation method for soilless cultivation facilities described in the present invention can keep the bulbs in an environment with relatively low soil moisture, and soil-borne diseases such as fungi and bacteria can be effectively curbed, and the rate of pests and diseases is lower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the box planting of cut lilies in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planting depth of cut lily box planting in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the drip irrigation belt for cut lily box planting in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cut lily planting trough and drip irrigation belt in Example 2;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the planting depth of the cut lily planting trough in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The invention provides a method for precise irrigation of cut lily facility soilless cultivation, comprising the following steps: planting vernalized cut lily bulbs in a planting matrix, setting the irrigation water volume Y1 before budding according to the water retention rate of the matrix, and sequentially setting the irrigation water volume Y1 before budding, the irrigation water volume Y2 during the stem pulling period, and the irrigation water volume Y3 during the budding period according to the relative humidity X1, the temperature X2, and the light intensity X3 of the previous day.

[0040] Before the vernalized cut lily bulbs are planted in the planting medium, the present invention preferably also includes the selection of the planting medium, the cut lily variety and the cut lily specification. The present invention does not specifically limit the type of the cut lily planting medium, and the conventional cut lily planting medium in the art can be used. For example, the present invention is illustrated by the peat used in the embodiment, but it cannot be solely identified as the entire protection scope of the present invention. The peat of the present invention is preferably a mixture of Pinnacle peat of different particle sizes. Pinnacle peat is used in the embodiment of the present invention, and is obtained by mixing Pinnacle peat with particles of 10 to 30 mm and particles of 20 to 40 mm in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0041] The cut lily varieties of the present invention are preferably selected from Oriental lily and OT lily; the Oriental lily is preferably selected from Siberia and Sorbonne, and the OT lily is preferably selected from Robina, Concador and Manisa. The cut lily bulbs of the present invention preferably include cut lily bulbs with a circumference of 14 to 16 cm, a circumference of 16 to 18 cm and a circumference of 18 to 20 cm.

[0042] After completing the selection of the planting substrate, the cut lily variety and the cut lily specification, the present invention preferably further comprises determining the planting time of the cut lily and determining the irrigation method. The planting time of the present invention preferably includes March, September and October of each year. When the cut lily is planted in March, the cut lily is preferably in the natural flowering period, and the management cost is low, but the flower price during the harvest period is low. When the cut lily is planted in September and October, the cut lily is preferably in the annual flowering period, and the management cost is high, but the flower price during the harvest period is high. Those skilled in the art can select the appropriate planting time according to the needs.

[0043] The irrigation method of the facility soilless cultivation precision irrigation method of the present invention is preferably drip irrigation. The present invention preferably uses a drip irrigation system with uniform water output, and the distance between the water outlet of the drip irrigation system and the planting point of the cut lily bulb is preferably 1 to 1.5 cm, more preferably 1.0 cm. The distance described in the present invention can prevent the drip irrigation pipe from contacting the plant stem for a long time to damage the plant and hinder the germination of the bulb. The indoor temperature of the facility of the facility soilless cultivation precision irrigation method of the present invention is preferably 16 to 28°C, and the light transmittance is preferably 90%-95%.

[0044] After determining the planting time and irrigation method of cut lilies, the present invention plants the vernalized cut lily bulbs in a planting matrix, and sequentially sets the irrigation water volume Y1 before budding, the irrigation water volume Y2 during the stemming period, and the irrigation water volume Y3 during the budding period according to the relative air humidity X1, temperature X2, and light intensity X3 of the previous day.

[0045] Before the planting, the present invention preferably further comprises irrigating the substrate to the maximum water holding capacity to ensure that the substrate is sufficiently moist when the cut lily bulbs are planted. The maximum water holding capacity of the substrate of the present invention is preferably 55%. The present invention has no special restrictions on the vernalization method of the cut lily bulbs, and the conventional vernalization method in the art or the direct purchase of the cut lily bulbs after vernalization can be used. The planting container of the cut lily bulbs of the present invention preferably includes a planting box or a planting trough. The present invention has no special restrictions on the size of the planting container, and the conventional planting box and planting trough in the art can be used, but the depth of the planting container must be greater than 20 cm to meet the planting requirements of the roots of the cut lilies. The planting depth of the cut lily bulbs of the present invention is preferably 6 to 10 cm, and is more preferably adjusted according to the ambient temperature; when the ambient temperature is 20 to 25 ° C, the planting depth of the cut lily bulbs is preferably 8 to 10 cm, and when the ambient temperature is 15 to 20 ° C, the planting depth of the cut lily bulbs is preferably 6 to 8 cm. The planting depth of the present invention is preferably the distance from below the surface of the planting substrate to the top of the cut lily bulb. The planting depth of the present invention can ensure the growth of stem roots of the cut lily.

[0046] The present invention preferably sets the planting method according to the specifications of the cut lily bulbs. When the circumference of the cut lily bulbs is 14 to 16 cm, the planting row spacing is preferably 14 to 16 cm, more preferably 15 cm; the plant spacing is preferably 14 to 16 cm, more preferably 15 cm; the density is preferably 30 to 40 bulbs / m 2 , more preferably 33 pieces / m 2 When the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 16-18 cm, the planting row spacing is preferably 14-16 cm, more preferably 15 cm; the plant spacing is preferably 14-16 cm, more preferably 15 cm; the density is preferably 30-40 bulbs / m 2, more preferably 33 pieces / m 2 When the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 18 to 20 cm, the planting row spacing is preferably 18 to 22 cm, more preferably 20 cm; the plant spacing is preferably 18 to 22 cm, more preferably 20 cm; the density is preferably 25 to 30 bulbs / m 2 , more preferably 30 pieces / m 2 .

[0047] The present invention sets the daily irrigation water volume Y1 before budding according to the water retention rate of the substrate. The present invention sets the daily irrigation water volume Y2 during the stemming period and the daily irrigation water volume Y3 during the budding period respectively based on the relative air humidity X1, temperature X2 and light intensity X3 of the cut lily on the previous day. The X1, X2 and X3 described in the present invention are preferably the mean values ​​of the corresponding parameters at three time points on the previous day, specifically: X1 = (relative humidity at 9:00 am on the previous day + relative humidity at 13:00 noon on the previous day + relative humidity at 17:00 pm on the previous day) / 3; X2 = (temperature at 9:00 am on the previous day + temperature at 13:00 noon on the previous day + temperature at 17:00 pm on the previous day) / 3; X3 = (light intensity at 9:00 am on the previous day + light intensity at 13:00 noon on the previous day + light intensity at 17:00 pm on the previous day) / 3. The present invention preferably takes 7 to 10 days from planting to before budding. The present invention preferably keeps the substrate moist from the time the cut lily bulbs are planted to before budding, so as to ensure the occurrence and development of stem rooting of the cut lily. The stem-pulling period of the present invention preferably refers to the period from the budding of the cut lily bulbs to the appearance of the first flower bud, and the duration varies for different cut lily varieties. The budding period of the present invention preferably refers to the period from the appearance of the first flower bud to the cut flower harvesting period of the cut lily, and the duration varies for different cut lily varieties. The irrigation time of the cut lilies during the stem-pulling period and the budding period of the present invention is preferably 1.5 to 2.0 hours after sunrise. The present invention does not specifically limit the determination method of the relative air humidity X1, temperature X2 and light intensity X3, and conventional determination methods in the art can be used. The present invention sets the daily irrigation water volume of the cut lily according to environmental factors including relative air humidity, temperature and light intensity, so as to achieve the effect of accurately regulating the irrigation of the lily cut flowers according to meteorological factors.

[0048] In the present invention, when the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 14-16 cm, the daily irrigation amount before budding Y1=(50 mL / substrate water retention rate)×A×number of bulbs planted; the daily irrigation water amount during the stem-pulling period Y2=[(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate]×A×number of bulbs planted; the daily irrigation water amount during the budding period Y3=[(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate]×A×number of bulbs planted; A=bulb weight with a circumference of 14-16 cm / bulb weight with a circumference of 16-18 cm.

[0049] In the present invention, when the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 16-18 cm, the daily irrigation amount before budding Y1=(50 mL / substrate water retention rate)×number of bulbs planted; the daily irrigation water amount during the stem-pulling period Y2=(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate×number of bulbs planted; the daily irrigation water amount during the budding period Y3=[(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate]×number of bulbs planted.

[0050] In the present invention, when the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 18-20 cm, the daily irrigation amount before budding Y1=(50 mL / substrate water retention rate)×B×number of bulbs planted; the daily irrigation water amount during the stem-pulling period Y2=[(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate]×B×number of bulbs planted; the daily irrigation water amount during the budding period Y3=[(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate]×B×number of bulbs planted; B=bulb weight with a circumference of 18-20 cm / bulb weight with a circumference of 16-18 cm.

[0051] The weight of the bulbs with a circumference of 14 to 16 cm and the weight of the bulbs with a circumference of 16 to 18 cm described in the present invention are preferably the weights of the cut lilies with corresponding circumferences when planted, and the A and B of the same planting batch are both fixed values.

[0052] The calculation method of the matrix water retention rate of the present invention is preferably matrix water retention rate = (100.35-0.99X2) / 100

[0053] The facility soilless cultivation precision irrigation method described in the present invention is based on the stem flow characteristics of cut lilies. By monitoring the characteristics of environmental factors including relative humidity, temperature and light intensity, the changing pattern of water consumption of cut lilies is clarified, and a response model between the water demand of cut lilies in different growth periods and environmental factors is established. The purpose of water-saving precision irrigation can be achieved, and the effect of reducing the rate of diseases and insect pests can be achieved at the same time.

[0054] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A method for precise irrigation of soilless cultivation in facilities based on stem flow characteristics of cut lilies, comprising the following steps:

[0057] a. Cut lily varieties, bulb specifications, and substrate selection

[0058] Selection of cut lily varieties: Cut lily varieties Oriental series Siberia ('Siberia'), specifications: circumference 16-18cm, substrate selection: peat, model: Pin's peat. Specifications: 10-30mm particles and 20-40mm particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0059] b. Planting time selection

[0060] The winter flowering period is in October and the cut flowers are harvested in February.

[0061] c. Colonization

[0062] 4-5 days before planting, water the substrate to 55% of the maximum water holding capacity to ensure that the substrate is sufficiently moist when planting the bulbs. When planting, take out the vernalized lily bulbs from the box, and try not to damage the old roots of the bulbs. When planting, strictly follow the different specifications of bulbs and different planting densities (as shown in Table 1). Choose a planting container, such as box planting. Figure 1 ,exist Figure 1 There are 4 planting boxes in the box, each of which is 60cm long and 40cm wide. One dot represents a planted cut lily bulb. In winter or when the ambient temperature is low, the planting depth is 6cm (the distance from the soil surface to the top of the bulb). Figure 2 shown.

[0063] Table 1 Planting density of cut lily bulbs in Example 1

[0064] Bulb specifications Plant spacing Line Spacing Planting density 16-18 15cm 15cm <![CDATA[30 - 40 pieces / m 2 >

[0065] d. Laying drip irrigation tape

[0066] Use automatic irrigation systems from manufacturers such as Priva in the Netherlands or Zhipeng in China, connect the system and lay drip irrigation tape. The outlet of the drip irrigation tape should be as close to the bulb planting point as possible, but not touching the plant. The general distance is 1-1.5 cm. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The blue line in the figure represents the drip tape.

[0067] e. Pre-germination irrigation system settings

[0068] It usually takes 7-10 days for lily bulbs to sprout after planting. During this period, the substrate must be kept moist because this is the period when the lily stem roots occur. The plant has no stem flow, and the lack of water in the upper soil will lead to poor development of stem roots. The amount of irrigation water before sprouting is shown in Table 2:

[0069] Table 2 Example 1 Cut lily budding day irrigation water volume

[0070] Bulb specifications Set daily irrigation water volume (Y) 16-18 Y = (50mL / substrate water retention rate) × number of bulbs planted

[0071] According to X2=19℃, the water retention rate of the substrate is calculated to be 0.8154, the number of bulbs planted is 10,000, and the daily irrigation volume before germination is 613.20L.

[0072] f. Irrigation system setting during stem extraction period

[0073] The stem-pulling period refers to the period from the budding of the lily bulb to the appearance of the first flower bud. The duration varies for different varieties. According to multiple stem flow tests, the stem flow of lilies during the stem-pulling period generally occurs about 2 hours after sunrise. Based on the X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ), according to the formula in the following table (Table 3), program or manually set the daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period.

[0074] Table 3 Example 1 Cut lily stem extraction period daily irrigation water volume

[0075] Bulb specifications Set daily irrigation water volume (Y) 16-18 <![CDATA[(98.91 - 1.84X1 + 2.27X2 + 0.07X3) / water retention rate of substrate × number of bulbs planted]]>

[0076] Note: Y: daily irrigation water volume, X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ). Same as the table below.

[0077] Irrigation water volume Y on a certain day during the stem-pulling period of 10,000 lily bulbs planted in winter: when X1: 63.27%, X2: 19°C, X3: 447 μmol·m -2 s -1 (When performing calculations, X1, X2 and X3 are directly taken as values ​​without measurement units or %, the same below), the water retention rate of the substrate is calculated to be 0.8154, and the daily irrigation volume on a certain day during the stem-pulling period is 697.98L.

[0078] g. Setting of irrigation system during budding period

[0079] The budding period refers to the period from the appearance of the first bud to the harvesting of cut flowers. The duration varies for different varieties. The stem flow of lilies in the budding period can be monitored. Generally, it occurs about 2 hours after sunrise. Based on the X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ), according to the formula in the following table (Table 4), program or manually set the daily irrigation water volume during the budding period.

[0080] Table 4 Example 1 Cut lily bud stage irrigation water volume

[0081] Bulb specifications Set irrigation water volume (Y) 16-18 <![CDATA[Y = [(24.55 - 0.82X1 + 1.97X2 + 0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate] × number of bulbs planted]]>

[0082] Example: When planting 10,000 lily bulbs in winter, the irrigation water volume Y on a certain day during the budding period is: X1: 73.41%, X2: 20℃, X3: 570μmolm -2 s -1 , the water retention rate of the matrix was calculated to be 0.8055, and the irrigation volume was calculated to be 825.00L.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] A method for precise irrigation of soilless cultivation in facilities based on stem flow characteristics of cut lilies, comprising the following steps:

[0085] a. Planting varieties, specifications, and substrate selection

[0086] Cut lily variety selection: Oriental series Siberia ('Siberia'), size: 14-16cm.

[0087] Substrate selection: peat, model: Pinnacle peat. Specification: 10-30mm particles and 20-40mm particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0088] b. Planting time selection

[0089] The natural flowering period is March for planting and June for cut flowers harvesting.

[0090] c. Colonization

[0091] 4-5 days before planting, water the substrate to 55% of the maximum water holding capacity to ensure that the substrate is sufficiently moist when planting the bulbs. When planting, take out the vernalized lily bulbs from the box and try not to damage the old roots of the bulbs. When planting, different bulbs of different specifications must be planted at different densities (Table 5). Choose a trough planting container, such as Figures 4-5 As shown, in Figure 4 There are two rows of planting troughs, each of which is covered with two drip irrigation belts (blue lines). The width of each planting trough is 37 cm, and each dot represents a planted cut lily bulb. Figure 5 It can be seen that the height of the planting trough is 25.5cm. In summer or when the ambient temperature is high, the planting depth is about 10cm (the distance from the soil surface to the top of the bulb). In any case, the planting should not be too shallow, because the space from the top of the bulb to the soil surface is the area where the lily grows "stem roots".

[0092] Table 5 Example 2 Cut flower lily bulb planting density

[0093] Bulb specifications Plant spacing Line Spacing Planting density 14-16 15cm 15cm <![CDATA[30 - 40 pieces / m 2 >

[0094] d. Laying drip irrigation tape

[0095] Use automatic irrigation systems from manufacturers such as Priva in the Netherlands or Zhipeng in China, connect the system and lay drip irrigation tape. The outlet of the drip irrigation tape should be as close to the bulb planting point as possible, but not touching the plant. The general distance is 1-1.5 cm. Figure 4 shown.

[0096] e. Pre-germination irrigation system settings

[0097] It usually takes 7-10 days for lily bulbs to sprout after planting. During this period, the substrate must be kept moist because this is the period when the lily stem roots occur. The plant has no stem flow, and the lack of water in the upper soil will lead to poor development of stem roots. The amount of irrigation water before sprouting is shown in Table 6:

[0098] Table 6 Example 2 Cut lily budding day irrigation water volume

[0099]

[0100] According to X2 = 18 ° C, the water retention rate of the substrate is calculated to be 0.8253, and the weight of the bulbs with a circumference of 14 to 16 cm / the weight of the bulbs with a circumference of 16 to 18 cm is 0.79 (the size of cut lilies is relatively fixed and uniform, and 15 to 20 bulbs are sampled for comparison and the average is taken).

[0101] The number of bulbs planted is 10,000, and the daily irrigation volume before germination is 478.61L.

[0102] f. Irrigation system setting during stem extraction period

[0103] The stem-pulling period refers to the period from the budding of the lily bulb to the appearance of the first flower bud. The duration varies for different varieties. According to multiple stem flow tests, the stem flow of lilies during the stem-pulling period generally occurs around 1.5 hours after sunrise. Based on the X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ), according to the formula in the following table (Table 7), program or manually set the daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period.

[0104] Table 7 Example 2 Cut lily stem period daily irrigation water volume

[0105]

[0106] Note: Y: daily irrigation water volume, X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ).

[0107] Example: When planting 10,000 lily bulbs in summer, the irrigation water volume Y on a certain day during the stem-pulling period is: X1: 67.28%, X2: 23℃, X3: 574μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The water retention rate of the matrix was calculated to be 0.7758, and the daily irrigation amount of cut lily during the stem-pulling period was 687.40L.

[0108] g. Setting of irrigation system during budding period

[0109] The budding period refers to the period from the appearance of the first bud to the harvesting period of cut flowers. The duration varies for different varieties. The stem flow of lilies in the budding period can be monitored. It usually occurs about 1.5 hours after sunrise. At this time, X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ), according to the formula in the following table (Table 8), program or manually set the daily irrigation water volume during the budding period.

[0110] Table 8 Example 2 Cut lily bud stage irrigation water volume

[0111]

[0112] Example: When planting 10,000 lily bulbs in summer, the irrigation water volume Y on a certain day during the budding period is: X1: 69.45%, X2: 22℃, X3: 553μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The water retention rate of the substrate was calculated to be 0.7857, and the daily irrigation water volume during the budding period was 721.64L.

[0113] Example 3

[0114] a. Cut lily varieties, bulb specifications, and substrate selection

[0115] Selection of cut lily varieties: Cut lily varieties Oriental series Siberia ('Siberia'), circumference 18-20cm, substrate selection: peat, model: Pin's peat. Specifications: 10-30mm particles and 20-40mm particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0116] b. Planting time selection

[0117] The winter flowering period is in October and the cut flowers are harvested in February.

[0118] c. Colonization

[0119] 4-5 days before planting, water the substrate to 55% of the maximum water holding capacity to ensure that the substrate is sufficiently moist when planting the bulbs. When planting, take out the vernalized lily bulbs from the box and try not to damage the old roots of the bulbs. When planting, strictly follow the different specifications of bulbs and different planting densities (as shown in Table 9). Choose a planting trough as the planting container, such as Figure 4 .exist Figure 4 There are two rows of planting troughs, each of which is covered with two drip irrigation belts (blue lines). The width of each planting trough is 37 cm, and each dot represents a planted cut lily bulb. Figure 5 It can be seen that the height of the planting trough is 25.5cm. When the bulbs are large, in winter or when the ambient temperature is low, the planting depth is 10cm (the distance from the soil surface to the top of the bulb). Figure 2 shown.

[0120] Table 9 Planting density of cut lily bulbs in Example 3

[0121] Bulb specifications Plant spacing Line Spacing Planting density 18-20 20cm 20cm <![CDATA[25 - 30 per m 2 >

[0122] d. Laying drip irrigation tape

[0123] Use automatic irrigation systems from manufacturers such as Priva in the Netherlands or Zhipeng in China, connect the system and lay drip irrigation tape. The outlet of the drip irrigation tape should be as close to the bulb planting point as possible, but not touching the plant. The general distance is 1-1.5 cm. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The blue line in the figure represents the drip tape.

[0124] e. Pre-germination irrigation system settings

[0125] It usually takes 7-10 days for lily bulbs to sprout after planting. During this period, the substrate must be kept moist because this is the period when the lily stem roots occur. The plant has no stem flow, and the lack of water in the upper soil will lead to poor development of stem roots. The amount of irrigation water before sprouting is shown in Table 10:

[0126] Table 10 Example 3 Cut lily budding day irrigation water volume

[0127]

[0128] According to X2 = 17℃, the water retention rate of the substrate is calculated to be 0.8352, and the weight of the bulbs with a circumference of 18 to 20 cm / the weight of the bulbs with a circumference of 16 to 18 cm is 1.18. The size of cut lilies is relatively fixed and uniform.

[0129] 15-20 bulbs were sampled for comparison, the number of bulbs planted was 10,000, and the daily irrigation volume before germination was 706.42 L.

[0130] f. Irrigation system setting during stem extraction period

[0131] The stem-pulling period refers to the period from the budding of the lily bulb to the appearance of the first flower bud. The duration varies for different varieties. According to multiple stem flow tests, the stem flow of lilies during the stem-pulling period generally occurs about 2 hours after sunrise. At this time, X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ), according to the formula in the following table (Table 11), program or manually set the daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period.

[0132] Table 11 Example 3 Cut lily stem extraction period daily irrigation water volume

[0133]

[0134] Note: Y: daily irrigation water volume, X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ).

[0135] The irrigation water volume Y on a certain day during the stem-pulling period of 10,000 lily bulbs planted in winter is: X1: 64.32%, X2: 16℃, X3: 489μmol·m -2 s -1 The water retention rate of the matrix was calculated to be 0.8451, and the daily irrigation volume on a certain day during the stem-pulling period was 713.66L.

[0136] g. Setting of irrigation system during budding period

[0137] The budding period refers to the period from the appearance of the first bud to the harvesting period of cut flowers. The duration varies for different varieties. The stem flow of lilies in the budding period can be monitored. It usually occurs about 2 hours after sunrise. At this time, X1: relative humidity (%), X2: temperature (℃), X3: light intensity (μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ), according to the formula in the following table (Table 12), program or manually set the daily irrigation water volume during the budding period.

[0138] Table 12 Example 3 Cut lily bud stage irrigation water volume

[0139]

[0140] Example: When planting 10,000 lily bulbs in winter, the irrigation water volume Y on a certain day during the budding period is: X1: 66.13%, X2: 17℃, X3: 502μmolm -2 s -1 The water retention rate of the matrix was calculated to be 0.8352, and the irrigation volume was calculated to be 834.04L.

[0141] Currently, bulbs with a circumference of 18-20 cm are rarely used to grow cut lilies.

[0142] Comparative Example 1

[0143] The traditional soil-grown cut lily method is used for planting and irrigation. The steps are as follows:

[0144] a. Cut lily varieties, bulb specifications, and planting medium selection

[0145] Selection of cut lily varieties: Cut lily varieties Oriental series Siberia ('Siberia'), specifications: circumference 14-16cm, 16-18cm, 18-20cm.

[0146] b. Planting time selection

[0147] The winter flowering period is in October and the cut flowers are harvested in February.

[0148] c. Colonization

[0149] 4-5 days before planting, press about 15L / m 2 Irrigate before planting to ensure that the soil is sufficiently moist when planting the bulbs. Take out the vernalized lily bulbs from the box when planting, and try not to damage the old roots of the bulbs. When planting, strictly follow the bulbs of different specifications, plant spacing: 15-20cm, and depth of 6-10cm.

[0150] d. Irrigate every 5 days after planting and before germination, with an irrigation volume of about 15L / m 2 , until the buds emerge.

[0151] e. Irrigation is carried out every 5 days during the stemming period, and the irrigation volume is about: 11-12L / m 2 , until budding.

[0152] f. Irrigation is carried out every 5 days during the budding period, and the irrigation volume is about: 13-14L / m 2 , until the buds are colored and picked. The above irrigation amount is basically the same for bulbs of various specifications.

[0153] The irrigation amount at each stage in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 was measured, and the statistics are shown in Table 13:

[0154] Table 13 Total irrigation amount of cut lily in Examples and Comparative Examples

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] It can be concluded from Table 13 that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the irrigation amount of the present invention at each stage of cut lily planting is significantly reduced, and the average water saving rate of 14-16 cm bulbs is about 34.88%, the average water saving rate of 16-18 cm bulbs is about 22.22%, and the average water saving rate of 18-20 cm bulbs is about 17.77%. Due to different changes in environmental factors, the precise irrigation amount in each period is also different, and the water saving rate also changes slightly.

[0158] At the same time, compared with comparative example 1, since there is no obvious fluctuation in the underground environmental humidity in the embodiment of the present invention, and the cut lily bulbs are always in an environment with relatively low soil humidity underground, the soil-borne diseases are significantly reduced. After harvesting the bulbs for 5 consecutive years, the soil-borne disease rate of the lily bulbs was counted, mainly including stem rot, mildew rot, root mites and other pests and diseases. The annual average soil-borne disease rate was reduced by about 8% to 9%.

[0159] It can be concluded from the above embodiments that the water-saving and precise irrigation of cut lilies can be achieved by using the facility soilless cultivation precise irrigation method provided by the present invention.

[0160] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for precise irrigation of cut lily soilless cultivation, characterized in that: The steps include: Plant the cut lily bulbs after vernalization in the planting medium, set the irrigation water volume Y1 before budding according to the water retention rate of the medium, set the irrigation water volume Y2 during the stemming period and the irrigation water volume Y3 during the budding period according to the relative humidity X1, temperature X2 and light intensity X3 of the previous day; X1 = (relative humidity at 9:00 am on the previous day + relative humidity at 13:00 pm on the previous day + relative humidity at 17:00 pm on the previous day) / 3; X2 = (temperature at 9:00 am on the previous day + temperature at 13:00 pm on the previous day + temperature at 17:00 pm on the previous day) / 3; X3 = (light intensity at 9:00 am the previous day + light intensity at 13:00 pm the previous day + light intensity at 17:00 pm the previous day) / 3; The water retention rate of the matrix = (100.35-0.99X2) / 100; When the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 14 to 16 cm, The irrigation water volume Y1 before germination = (50 mL / substrate water retention rate) × A × number of bulbs planted; The daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period Y2=[(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate]×A×the number of bulbs planted; The daily irrigation water volume during the budding period Y3 = [(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate] × A × number of bulbs planted; A = weight of bulbs with a circumference of 14 to 16 cm / weight of bulbs with a circumference of 16 to 18 cm; When the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 16 to 18 cm, The irrigation water volume Y1 before germination = (50 mL / substrate water retention rate) × number of bulbs planted; The daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period Y2=(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate×number of bulbs planted; The daily irrigation water volume during the budding period Y3 = [(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate] × the number of bulbs planted; When the circumference of the cut lily bulb is 18 to 20 cm, The irrigation water volume Y1 before germination = (50 mL / substrate water retention rate) × B × number of bulbs planted; The daily irrigation water volume during the stem pulling period Y2=[(98.91-1.84X1+2.27X2+0.07X3) / substrate water retention rate]×B×the number of bulbs planted; The daily irrigation water volume during the budding period Y3 = [(24.55-0.82X1+1.97X2+0.11X3) / substrate water retention rate] × B × number of bulbs planted; The B=the weight of the bulb with a circumference of 18 to 20 cm / the weight of the bulb with a circumference of 16 to 18 cm.

2. The method for precise irrigation of soilless culture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting depth of the cut lily bulbs is 6 to 10 cm.

3. The method for precise irrigation of soilless culture in facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the circumference of the cut lily bulbs is 14 to 16 cm or 16 to 18 cm, the plant spacing of the cut lily bulbs is 14 to 16 cm, the row spacing is 14 to 16 cm, and the planting density is 30 to 40 bulbs / m 2 ; When the circumference of the cut lily bulbs is 18 to 20 cm, the plant spacing of the cut lily bulbs is 18 to 22 cm, the row spacing is 18 to 22 cm, and the planting density is 25 to 30 bulbs / m 2 .

4. The method for precise irrigation of soilless culture in facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting period of the cut lily bulbs is March, September or October every year.

5. The method for precise irrigation of soilless culture in facilities according to claim 4, characterized in that: The irrigation method of the facility soilless cultivation precision irrigation method is drip irrigation.

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