Shield machine supporting limiting structure and shield machine

Abstract

The application discloses a shield machine supporting limiting structure and a shield machine, relates to the technical field of tunnel boring equipment, and is used for being installed on a shell of the shield machine. An outer peripheral surface of the shell is provided with a mounting groove. The supporting limiting structure comprises a mounting seat used for being installed in the mounting groove. One end of the mounting seat, which faces the outer peripheral surface of the shell, is arranged in the mounting groove. The one end of the mounting seat, which faces the outer peripheral surface of the shell, is provided with a sliding groove. A sliding block is slidably connected in the sliding groove. The one end of the sliding block, which faces the opening of the sliding groove, is provided with a positioning protrusion. A driving oil cylinder is further arranged in the sliding groove. The driving oil cylinder is used for driving the positioning protrusion to protrude from the outer peripheral surface of the shell. The positioning protrusion protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the shell strengthens the limiting, and reduces the situation that the shield machine slips and retreats when climbing a slope.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of tunnel boring equipment, in particular to a shield machine supporting and limiting structure and a shield machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The shield machine is a kind of special engineering machinery for tunneling, which has the functions of excavating and cutting soil, conveying soil, assembling tunnel lining, etc.

[0003] As disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN101824988A, the shield machine comprises a shell, a cutting device is arranged at the front part of the shell, a sliding seat is arranged in the shell, a cutting power transmission device and a feeding power transmission device are arranged at the upper part of the sliding seat, a conveying device is arranged at the lower part of the sliding seat, the cutting device comprises a cutter holder shell, a plurality of cutter bodies are arranged on the cutter holder shell, a plurality of cutting knives are arranged on each cutter body, and the distance from the cutting edge of each cutting knife to the end surface of the cutter holder shell decreases gradually from inside to outside along the radial direction of the cutter holder shell.

[0004] The shield machine is externally close to a cylinder, and in actual use, when tunneling, if climbing is needed and the slope is large, slipping and backward movement are prone to occur, which needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to improve the situation of slipping and backward movement when tunneling, the application provides a shield machine supporting and limiting structure and a shield machine.

[0006] The application provides a shield machine supporting and limiting structure, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A shield machine supporting and limiting structure is used for being installed on a shell of a shield machine, an outer peripheral surface of the shell is provided with a mounting groove, and the shield machine supporting and limiting structure comprises a mounting seat used for being installed in the mounting groove, one end of the mounting seat towards the outer peripheral surface of the shell is retracted in the mounting groove, one end of the mounting seat towards the outer peripheral surface of the shell is provided with a sliding groove, a sliding block is slidably connected in the sliding groove, the end of the sliding block towards the groove mouth of the sliding groove is provided with a positioning protrusion, and a driving oil cylinder is further arranged in the sliding groove.

[0008] Through the above technical scheme, when tunneling, the driving oil cylinder drives the sliding block to move, so that the positioning protrusion protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the shell to strengthen the limiting, and the situation of slipping and backward movement when tunneling is reduced.

[0009] Optionally, the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder is provided with a mounting block, the end of the sliding block close to the driving oil cylinder is provided with an embedding groove for embedding the mounting block, the outer wall of the mounting block is fixedly provided with a limiting block, the limiting block abuts against the end surface of the sliding block close to the driving oil cylinder, and the limiting block is provided with a fixing bolt.

[0010] Through the above technical scheme, the mounting block and the limiting block are arranged, when the limiting block is fixed on the sliding block through the fixing bolt, the mounting block is embedded in the embedding groove to further strengthen the positioning, so that the overall mounting and cooperation are more stable.

[0011] Optionally, the end of the positioning protrusion away from the sliding block is provided with a guide portion, and the guide portion is arranged in a tapering manner away from the sliding block.

[0012] Through the above technical scheme, the guide portion is arranged in a tapering manner, so that the positioning protrusion is embedded in the outer peripheral soil layer to strengthen the positioning effect.

[0013] Optionally, the sliding block is rotationally connected to the mounting seat, and the rotation axis of the sliding block is parallel to the sliding direction of the sliding block.

[0014] The positioning protrusion is in a circular ring shape or a spherical shape, the positioning protrusion is rotationally connected to the sliding block around the axis thereof, and the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the sliding block.

[0015] When the sliding block is rotated to the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion being parallel to the axis of the shell, the positioning protrusion is used for limiting the movement of the shell in the axial direction.

[0016] When the sliding block is rotated to the axis of the positioning protrusion being perpendicular to the axis of the shell, the positioning protrusion is used for guiding the movement of the shell in the axial direction.

[0017] Through the above technical scheme, when the sliding block is rotated to the axis of the positioning protrusion being parallel to the axis of the shell, the positioning protrusion is embedded in the outer peripheral soil layer and is in a state of preventing skidding when tunneling and climbing, and when the sliding block is rotated to the axis of the positioning protrusion being perpendicular to the axis of the shell, the positioning protrusion is embedded in the outer peripheral soil layer and is in a state of guiding the movement of the shell in the axial direction of the shell. The positioning protrusion can be used for preventing skidding and guiding during tunneling, so that the overall use is more flexible.

[0018] Optionally, a guide assembly is arranged between the driving oil cylinder and the sliding block, the guide assembly comprises a connecting column connected between the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder and the sliding block, and an adjusting column arranged on the mounting seat.

[0019] The axis of the connecting column coincides with the rotation axis of the sliding block, and the outer peripheral wall of the connecting column is provided with a guide groove; the adjusting column is connected to the mounting seat in a radial sliding manner along the connecting column, and the mounting seat is provided with an elastic member; the elastic force of the elastic member enables the adjusting column to be embedded in the guide groove to guide the rotation of the connecting column to drive the rotation of the sliding block;

[0020] The guide groove comprises a first groove portion, a second groove portion, a third groove portion and a fourth groove portion;

[0021] The first groove portion and the second groove portion are both parallel to the axis of the connecting column, and the included angle between the first groove portion and the second groove portion and the axis is 90°; when the adjusting column is embedded in the first groove portion and the adjusting column is embedded in the second groove portion, the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion corresponds to the parallel state and the perpendicular state with the axis of the housing;

[0022] The two ends of the third groove portion correspond to the ends of the first groove portion and the second groove portion close to the sliding block, and the third groove portion is used for guiding the adjusting column from the first groove portion to the second groove portion;

[0023] The two ends of the fourth groove portion correspond to the middle regions of the first groove portion and the second groove portion, and the fourth groove portion gradually approaches the positioning protrusion in the direction close to the first groove portion, and is used for guiding the adjusting column to move from the second groove portion to the first groove portion;

[0024] The groove bottom of the second groove portion is further provided with a limiting portion one, the limiting portion one is located on the side of the fourth groove portion close to the positioning protrusion, and the end face of the limiting portion one away from the positioning protrusion is a limiting face one, the limiting face one is flush with the side wall of the fourth groove portion close to the positioning protrusion and is used for guiding the adjusting column to move to the fourth groove portion, and the end of the limiting portion close to the positioning protrusion is provided with a guide face one, and the guide face one is used for guiding the adjusting column to pass through the limiting portion one in the direction away from the positioning protrusion.

[0025] Through the above technical scheme, in actual use, the positioning protrusion has two working conditions of limiting state and guiding state. When the adjusting column is embedded in the first groove portion and the driving oil cylinder is extended, the sliding block is ejected to make the positioning protrusion protrude from the outer wall of the housing to be in a working state. When it is necessary to switch the working state, the driving oil cylinder drives the sliding block to retract and then extend, so that the adjusting column enters the second groove portion along the third groove portion and then continues to extend, at this time the positioning protrusion switches to another working state; then when it is necessary to switch from the state to the original state, the driving oil cylinder retracts again, so that the adjusting column enters the fourth groove portion under the action of the limiting portion one and reenters the first groove portion along the fourth groove portion, at this time the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder extends again.

[0026] Optionally, the third groove part comprises a first section and a second section, the first section and the second section are less than 180 degrees of the included angle located on the side of the third groove part away from the positioning protrusion, the groove bottom of the first section is provided with a limiting part two, the limiting part two is provided with a limiting surface two close to one end of the second section, the limiting surface two is used for guiding the adjusting column to enter the second section, and the limiting part two is provided with a guide surface two away from one end of the second section, the guide surface two is used for guiding the adjusting column to pass through the limiting part two from the first groove part.

[0027] Through the above technical scheme, the first section and the second section and the limiting part two are arranged, and the adjusting column can only enter the second section along the second section after entering the second section through the limiting part two, so that the overall operation stability is better.

[0028] Optionally, when the positioning protrusion is in a circular ring shape, the thickness of the positioning protrusion gradually decreases away from the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion.

[0029] Through the above technical scheme, the gradually decreasing thickness design facilitates the positioning protrusion to be embedded in the soil layer of the outer periphery, so that the overall use is more convenient.

[0030] The application also discloses a shield machine, which comprises a shell and a cutter head arranged at the front end of the shell, and the outer peripheral wall of the shell is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves distributed around an axis, and the mounting grooves are provided with the shield machine supporting and limiting structure.

[0031] Through the above technical scheme, the shield machine supporting and limiting structure supports when tunneling and climbing, so that the tunneling and climbing effect is more stable.

[0032] In summary, the application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] (1) The positioning protrusion protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the shell to strengthen the limiting, and reduces the situation of slipping and retreating when tunneling and climbing;

[0034] (2) By arranging the mounting block and the limiting block, when the limiting block is fixed on the sliding block through the fixing bolt, the mounting block is embedded in the embedding groove to further strengthen the positioning, so that the overall installation cooperation is more stable;

[0035] (3) By arranging the guide assembly, the switching between the limiting state and the guiding state of the positioning protrusion is more convenient and flexible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a whole schematic view of the shield machine supporting and limiting structure of the embodiment one;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a sectional view schematic view of the shield machine supporting and limiting structure of the embodiment one;

[0038] Figure 3 A shield machine structure schematic diagram for example one;

[0039] Figure 4 A shield machine support limiting structure overall schematic diagram for example two;

[0040] Figure 5 A shield machine support limiting structure cross-sectional schematic diagram for example two;

[0041] Figure 6 A guide assembly structure schematic diagram for example two.

[0042] The figure mark: 1, the mounting seat; 11, the sliding groove; 2, the sliding block; 21, the embedded groove; 3, the positioning protrusion; 31, the guide portion; 4, the drive oil cylinder; 5, the mounting block; 6, the limiting block; 7, the fixed bolt; 8, the shell; 9, the cutterhead; 10, the installation slot; 12, the guide assembly; 121, the connecting column; 122, the adjusting column; 13, the guide slot; 131, the first slot portion; 132, the second slot portion; 133, the third slot portion; 1331, the first section; 1332, the second section; 134, the fourth slot portion; 14, the elastic member; 15, the limiting portion two; 151, the guide surface two; 152, the limiting surface two; 16, the limiting portion one; 161, the guide surface one; 162, the limiting surface one; 17, the limiting portion three; 171, the guide surface three; 172, the limiting surface three. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] The application discloses a shield machine support limiting structure and a shield machine.

[0045] Example one:

[0046] A shield machine support limiting structure, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , comprising a mounting seat 1, a sliding block 2, a positioning protrusion 3 and a drive oil cylinder 4. The mounting seat 1 is cylindrical, and a sliding groove 11 is formed in one end of the mounting seat 1 along the axial direction, and the sliding groove 11 is a cylindrical groove and is coaxially arranged with the mounting seat 1. The sliding block 2 is located in the sliding groove 11, and the sliding block 2 is cylindrical, and the axis of the sliding block 2 coincides with the axis of the sliding groove 11, and the sliding block 2 is slidably connected to the sliding groove 11 along the axial direction. The positioning protrusion 3 is provided with a plurality of positioning protrusions 3, and each positioning protrusion 3 is located at one end of the sliding block 2 facing the slot opening of the sliding groove 11 and protrudes from the end of the sliding block 2. In order to facilitate the installation of the positioning protrusion 3, a groove is formed in the sliding block 2, and the positioning teeth are embedded in the groove and are in interference fit with the groove to realize fixation. Each positioning protrusion 3 has a guide portion 31 at one end away from the sliding block 2, each guide portion 31 is taperedly arranged in the direction away from the sliding block 2, and the one end of the guide portion 31 away from the sliding block 2 is conical.

[0047] The drive cylinder 4 is located at the end of the sliding block 2 away from the positioning protrusion 3. The cylinder body of the drive cylinder 4 is fixed to the mounting base 1. A mounting block 5 is also connected between the piston rod of the drive cylinder 4 and the sliding block 2. The mounting block 5 is fixed to the piston rod of the drive cylinder 4. A limit block 6 is fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the mounting block 5. The limit block 6 is annular, and its axis coincides with the axis of the sliding block 2. A groove 21 is provided at the end of the sliding block 2 near the drive cylinder 4. The size of the groove 21 is adapted to the mounting block 5 for the mounting block 5 to be inserted. During actual installation, after the mounting block 5 is inserted into the groove 21, the limit block 6 abuts against the end face of the sliding block 2 near the drive cylinder 4. Multiple fixing bolts 7 are also passed through the limit block 6. The fixing bolts 7 are evenly distributed circumferentially around the axis of the limit block 6. After passing through the limit block 6, the fixing bolts 7 are threadedly connected to the sliding block 2 to achieve tightening and fixation.

[0048] When the piston rod of the drive cylinder 4 extends, the drive cylinder 4 drives the sliding block 2 to move, causing the positioning protrusion 3 to protrude from the mounting seat 1.

[0049] This application also discloses a tunnel boring machine, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The shield machine includes a shell 8, a cutterhead 9, and a shield machine body, which is divided into multiple sections along its length. The shell 8 is annular, and multiple sections are correspondingly fitted onto the outer periphery of each section. The cutterhead 9 is located at the front end of the shell 8 and is driven by the shield machine body. Each shell 8 has several mounting slots 10 distributed around its axis on its outer periphery wall. The aforementioned shield machine support and limiting structure is installed in each mounting slot 10. The mounting base 1 is fixed in the mounting slot 10, with one end of the mounting base 1 facing the outer periphery of the shell 8 recessed within the mounting slot 10.

[0050] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0051] When the tunnel boring machine is excavating and climbing a slope, the piston rod of the drive cylinder 4 extends, causing the positioning protrusion 3 of the corresponding sliding block 2 to protrude from the outer circumference of the shell 8 and penetrate into the surrounding soil layer for limiting. At this time, the positioning protrusion 3 reduces the situation of slippage and backward movement when excavating and climbing a slope.

[0052] Example 2:

[0053] A shield tunneling machine support and limiting structure differs from Embodiment 1 in that the installation structure of the positioning protrusion 3 is different and the connection structure between the sliding block 2 and the drive cylinder 4 is different.

[0054] See Figure 4 and Figure 5The sliding block 2 is rotationally connected to the mounting base 1 about its own axis, the positioning protrusion 3 is annular or spherical, the positioning protrusion 3 is rotationally connected to the sliding block 2 about its own axis, and the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion 3 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the sliding block 2. The positioning protrusion 3 in the example is annular, the positioning protrusion 3 is coaxially provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is integrally fixed with the positioning protrusion 3, a plurality of positioning protrusions 3 on the rotating shaft are distributed in the axial direction, and the positioning protrusion 3 is rotationally connected to the sliding block 2 through the rotating shaft. The thickness of each positioning protrusion 3 gradually decreases away from the rotation axis thereof.

[0055] Referring to Figure 5 A guide assembly 12 is arranged between the driving oil cylinder 4 and the sliding block 2, and the guide assembly 12 includes a connecting column 121 and an adjusting column 122. One end of the connecting column 121 is coaxially fixed to the sliding block 2, and the fixing mode can be welding or bolt fixing. The other end of the connecting column 121 is connected with the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 4. When the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 4 can rotate about its own axis, the connecting column 121 can be directly fixedly connected with the piston rod. When the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 4 cannot rotate, the connecting column 121 is rotationally arranged on the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 4 about its own axis.

[0056] Referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 A guide groove 13 is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting column 121, and the adjusting column 122 is cylindrical. The adjusting column 122 is radially slidably connected to the mounting base 1 along the connecting column 121. The mounting base 1 is provided with an elastic member 14, which is a spring. The elastic force of the elastic member 14 enables the adjusting column 122 to be embedded in the guide groove 13 and abut against the groove bottom of the guide groove 13. The adjusting column 122 is embedded in the guide groove 13 and cooperates with the driving oil cylinder 4 to drive the connecting column 121 to rotate, so as to realize the rotation of the sliding block 2 about its own axis. In actual installation, a limiting groove is arranged on the outer wall of the mounting base 1. One end of the adjusting column 122 in the length direction is arranged to pass through the groove bottom of the limiting groove along the radial direction of the connecting column 121 and then extend into the sliding cavity. The one end of the adjusting column 122 in the limiting groove is fixedly provided with a limiting ring, the limiting ring is used to abut against the groove bottom of the limiting groove, the elastic member 14 is arranged in the limiting groove, and the groove opening of the limiting groove is threadedly connected with a bolt. One end of the elastic member 14 abuts against the limiting ring, and the other end of the elastic member 14 abuts against the bolt.

[0057] Referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The guide groove 13 includes a first groove portion 131, a second groove portion 132, a third groove portion 133, and a fourth groove portion 134. The groove widths of the first groove portion 131, the second groove portion 132, the third groove portion 133, and the fourth groove portion 134 are matched with the diameter of the adjusting column 122. The first groove portion 131 and the second groove portion 132 are parallel to the axis of the connecting column 121, and the included angle between the first groove portion 131 and the second groove portion 132 and the axis is 90°.

[0058] The two ends of the third groove part 133 are connected to the ends of the first groove part 131 and the second groove part 132 close to the sliding block 2, respectively, and the third groove part 133 is used for guiding the adjusting column 122 from the first groove part 131 to the second groove part 132. The third groove part 133 comprises a first section 1331 and a second section 1332, and the included angle between the first section 1331 and the second section 1332 is less than 180 degrees, and the first section 1331 and the second section 1332 are located on the side of the third groove part 133 away from the positioning protrusion 3. The first section 1331 is inclined to the direction gradually close to the sliding block 2 in the direction close to the second groove part 132, and the second section 1332 is inclined to the direction gradually close to the sliding block 2 in the direction close to the first groove part 131. The groove bottom of the first section 1331 is provided with a limiting part two 15, and the end of the limiting part two 15 away from the second section 1332 is provided with a guide surface two 151. The end of the guide surface two 151 close to the first groove part 131 is flush with the groove bottom of the first section 1331 and gradually away from the groove bottom in the direction away from the first groove part 131. The adjusting column 122 is guided to retract by overcoming the elastic element 14 and pass through the limiting part two 15 from the first groove part 131 through the guide surface two 151. The end of the limiting part two 15 close to the second section 1332 is provided with a limiting surface two 152, and the limiting surface two 152 is used for limiting the movement of the adjusting column 122 in the direction of the first groove part 131. The limiting surface two 152 is flush with the inner wall of the end of the second section 1332 away from the sliding block 2 for guiding the adjusting column 122 to enter the second section 1332 and enter the second groove part 132 along the second section 1332. When the adjusting column 122 moves from the first groove part 131 to the second groove part 132, the sliding block 2 rotates by 90 degrees correspondingly.

[0059] The two ends of the fourth groove part 134 are connected to the middle regions of the first groove part 131 and the second groove part 132, respectively. The range of the middle region here is mainly to exclude the two ends. The fourth groove part 134 gradually approaches the positioning protrusion 3 in the direction close to the first groove part 131.

[0060] The groove bottom of the second groove part 132 is further provided with a limiting part one 16, and the limiting part one 16 is located on the side of the fourth groove part 134 close to the positioning protrusion 3. The end of the limiting part one 16 close to the positioning protrusion 3 is provided with a guide surface one 161. The end of the guide surface one 161 away from the positioning protrusion 3 is flush with the groove bottom of the first groove part 131. The guide surface one 161 is inclined to the direction gradually away from the groove bottom of the first groove part 131 in the direction away from the positioning protrusion 3. The guide surface one 161 is used for guiding the adjusting column 122 to overcome the elastic force so that the adjusting column 122 passes through the limiting part one 16 in the direction away from the positioning protrusion 3. The end face of the limiting part away from the positioning protrusion 3 is a limiting surface one 162, and the limiting surface one 162 is flush with the side wall of the fourth groove part 134 close to the positioning protrusion 3 for guiding the adjusting column 122 to move to the fourth groove part 134. Then, under the guidance of the groove wall of the fourth groove part 134, the adjusting column 122 moves from the second groove part 132 to the first groove part 131.

[0061] The fourth slot portion 134 is further provided with a limiting portion three 17 near one end of the first slot portion 131, and the limiting portion three 17 is provided with a guide surface three 171 away from one end of the first slot portion 131, which is used for guiding the adjusting column 122 to pass through the limiting portion three 17. The limiting portion three 17 is provided with a limiting surface three 172 near one end of the first slot portion 131, which is flush with the side wall of the first slot portion 131 near the second slot portion 132. When the adjusting column 122 passes through the limiting portion three 17 and enters the first slot portion 131, the limiting surface three 172 limits the adjusting column 122 from entering the fourth slot portion 134 from the first slot portion 131.

[0062] The shield machine of the embodiment is further provided, and the difference from the first embodiment is that the support limiting structure is different. The mounting groove 10 of the shell 8 is mounted with the support limiting structure of the shield machine of the example.

[0063] When the adjusting column 122 is embedded in the first slot portion 131 and the adjusting column 122 is embedded in the second slot portion 132, the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion 3 is in parallel with the axis of the shell 8 and perpendicular to the axis of the shell 8 in two working states. When the sliding block 2 is rotated to be parallel to the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion 3, the positioning protrusion 3 is used for limiting the axial movement of the shell 8; when the sliding block 2 is rotated to be perpendicular to the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion 3, the positioning protrusion 3 is used for guiding the axial movement of the shell 8.

[0064] When the adjusting column 122 is embedded in the first slot portion 131 and the driving oil cylinder 4 is extended, the sliding block 2 is ejected, the positioning protrusion 3 protrudes from the outer wall of the shell 8, and the shell 8 is in a working state. When it is necessary to switch the working state, the driving oil cylinder 4 drives the sliding block 2 to retract and then extend, so that the adjusting column 122 enters the second slot portion 132 along the third slot portion 133 and then continues to extend, at this time, the positioning protrusion 3 switches to another working state; then when it is necessary to switch from the state to the original state, the driving oil cylinder 4 retracts, so that the adjusting column 122 enters the fourth slot portion 134 under the action of the limiting portion one 16 and reenters the first slot portion 131 along the fourth slot portion 134, at this time, the piston rod of the driving oil cylinder 4 is extended again. In this process, the sliding block 2 rotates correspondingly when the adjusting column 122 switches between the first slot portion 131 and the second slot portion 132, and the rotation of the sliding block 2 occurs when the positioning protrusion 3 does not protrude from the outer circumference of the shell 8, thereby making the state switching more convenient.

[0065] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, which do not limit the protection scope of the present application, so that: any equivalent changes made on the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A shield tunneling machine support and limiting structure for installation on the shell (8) of a shield tunneling machine, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the shell (8) is provided with an installation groove (10), characterized in that: Includes a mounting base (1) for installation in a mounting groove (10), one end of the mounting base (1) facing the outer periphery of the housing (8) being recessed in the mounting groove (10); the end of the mounting base (1) facing the outer periphery of the housing (8) has a sliding groove (11), a sliding block (2) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (11), a positioning protrusion (3) is provided at one end of the sliding block (2) facing the opening of the sliding groove (11), and a driving cylinder (4) is also provided in the sliding groove (11), the driving cylinder (4) being used to drive the positioning protrusion (3) to protrude from the outer periphery of the housing (8); The sliding block (2) is rotatably connected to the mounting base (1), and the rotation axis of the sliding block (2) is parallel to the sliding direction of the sliding block (2); The positioning protrusion (3) is annular or spherical. The positioning protrusion (3) is rotatably connected to the sliding block (2) around its own axis. The rotation axis of the positioning protrusion (3) is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the sliding block (2). When the sliding block (2) rotates to the point where the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion (3) is parallel to the axis of the housing (8), the positioning protrusion (3) is used to restrict the housing (8) from moving axially; When the sliding block (2) rotates to the point where the axis of the positioning protrusion (3) is perpendicular to the axis of the housing (8), the positioning protrusion (3) is used to guide the housing (8) to move axially.

2. The shield machine support and limiting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston rod of the driving cylinder (4) is provided with a mounting block (5). The sliding block (2) is provided with a groove (21) for the mounting block (5) to be inserted at one end near the driving cylinder (4). A limiting block (6) is fixed on the outer wall of the mounting block (5). The limiting block (6) abuts against the end face of the sliding block (2) near the driving cylinder (4). A fixing bolt (7) passes through the limiting block (6). The fixing bolt (7) is used to fix the limiting block (6) and the sliding block (2).

3. The shield machine support and limiting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning protrusion (3) has a guide portion (31) at one end away from the sliding block (2), and the guide portion (31) is gradually tapered away from the sliding block (2).

4. The shield machine support and limiting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide assembly (12) is provided between the drive cylinder (4) and the sliding block (2). The guide assembly (12) includes a connecting column (121) connecting the piston rod of the drive cylinder (4) and the sliding block (2) and an adjusting column (122) provided on the mounting base (1). The axis of the connecting column (121) coincides with the rotation axis of the sliding block (2), and the outer peripheral wall of the connecting column (121) is provided with a guide groove (13); the adjusting column (122) is radially slidably connected to the mounting base (1) along the connecting column (121), and the mounting base (1) is provided with an elastic element (14). The elastic force of the elastic element (14) causes the adjusting column (122) to be embedded in the guide groove (13) to guide the connecting column (121) to rotate and drive the sliding block (2) to rotate; The guide groove (13) includes a first groove (131), a second groove (132), a third groove (133), and a fourth groove (134); The first groove (131) and the second groove (132) are both parallel to the axis of the connecting column (121), and the angle between the first groove (131) and the second groove (132) and the axis is 90°. When the adjusting column (122) is embedded in the first groove (131) and the adjusting column (122) is embedded in the second groove (132), the rotation axis of the positioning protrusion (3) is in a state parallel to the axis of the housing (8) and a state perpendicular to the axis of the housing (8) respectively. The two ends of the third groove (133) are connected one-to-one to the ends of the first groove (131) and the second groove (132) near the sliding block (2). The third groove (133) is used to guide the adjusting column (122) from the first groove (131) to the second groove (132). The two ends of the fourth groove (134) are connected to the middle area of ​​the first groove (131) and the second groove (132) respectively, and the fourth groove (134) gradually approaches the positioning protrusion (3) in the direction closer to the first groove (131) to guide the adjusting column (122) to move from the second groove (132) to the first groove (131). The bottom of the second groove (132) is also provided with a limiting part (16). The limiting part (16) is located on the side of the fourth groove (134) near the positioning protrusion (3), and the end face of the limiting part (16) away from the positioning protrusion (3) is the limiting surface (162). The limiting surface (162) is flush with the side wall of the fourth groove (134) near the positioning protrusion (3) for guiding the adjusting column (122) to move to the fourth groove (134). The end of the limiting part near the positioning protrusion (3) is provided with a guide surface (161). The guide surface (161) is used to guide the adjusting column (122) to pass through the limiting part (16) in a direction away from the positioning protrusion (3).

5. The shield machine support and limiting structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third groove (133) includes a first section (1331) and a second section (1332). The angle between the first section (1331) and the second section (1332) is less than 180 degrees and is located on the side of the third groove (133) away from the positioning protrusion (3). The bottom of the first section (1331) is provided with a limiting part two (15). The limiting part two (15) is provided with a limiting surface two (152) at one end near the second section (1332). The limiting surface two (152) is used to guide the adjusting column (122) into the second section (1332). The limiting part two (15) is provided with a guide surface two (151) at one end away from the second section (1332). The guide surface two (151) is used to guide the adjusting column (122) from the first groove (131) through the limiting part two (15).

6. The shield machine support and limiting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the positioning protrusion (3) is annular, the thickness of the positioning protrusion (3) gradually decreases in the direction away from its own rotation axis.

7. A tunnel boring machine, comprising a shell (8) and a cutterhead (9) disposed at the front end of the shell (8), characterized in that: The outer peripheral wall of the shell (8) is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves (10) around the axis, and the shield machine support and limiting structure according to any one of claims 1-6 is installed in the mounting grooves (10).

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