A hardware-in-the-loop simulation method for airborne radar jamming scenarios

Abstract

This invention discloses a semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar jamming scenarios, relating to the field of radar technology. The method involves: locating the corresponding file for the simulated combat scenario in a recorder, extracting inertial navigation data and beam control words to form a file; importing the file into scenario editing software and a radar beam scheduling module, generating jamming trajectory data and sending it to the radar beam scheduling module; generating jamming echoes on the jammer control page; replaying measured clutter data through the recorder control software; selecting simulation mode on the radar display and control software, setting signal processing parameters, and running the simulation; using a digital beamforming plugin to generate simulated targets, simultaneously receiving the clutter and jamming echoes, combining the three to form a composite beam, and finally performing signal processing. This invention simulates the target echo and the jamming generated by real-time countermeasures in real time, featuring low hardware requirements, good real-time performance, and high realism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radar technology, and specifically to a semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar jamming scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] Simulation has always played a vital role in equipment training, tactical testing, and algorithm improvement. Realistic simulations facilitate equipment training and functional performance research, strongly supporting the enhancement of radar's integrated capabilities in complex environments. Airborne carrier beams, shooting downwards from the air, cover a wide area, and the platform's high-speed movement results in complex ground clutter echoes. Simulating clutter digitally is challenging and requires consistent fidelity.

[0003] With the help of a recorder or a large-capacity disk array system, a large amount of real-world ground echo data, including echo data of civil aviation targets, can be obtained through multiple test flights of airborne radar. However, unfortunately, it will lack the actual targets that need to be detected or the jamming that needs to be countered, such as fighter jets, cruise missiles, and smart jamming and deceptive jamming, especially the echoes of more special combat scenarios such as stealth aircraft and combat formations with self-defense jamming.

[0004] The development of digital technology has enabled breakthroughs in simulating signals from multiple batches and types of flying targets. Furthermore, the development of jamming aircraft or jamming simulators has made the generation of various jamming signals more realistic. Therefore, if simulated target echoes can be added to the recorded echo data, and radar pulses are injected into the jamming aircraft to generate jamming signals that are then fed back in, it would be possible to closely approximate real combat scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar jamming scenarios, solving the following technical problems:

[0006] Existing radar simulation training lacks actual targets to be detected or countered interference.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar jamming scenarios includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Locate the corresponding file of the combat scenario to be simulated in the recorder, extract the inertial navigation data and beam control words in the file according to the wave position data frame header, and save it to form a separate file.

[0010] (2) Import file 1 into the scene editing software and the radar beam scheduling module at the same time, and let the scene editing software generate interference trajectory data and send it to the radar beam scheduling module.

[0011] (3) Set the jammer parameters on the jammer control page and generate jamming echoes through the digital array TR component;

[0012] (4) Play back the measured clutter data recorded by the recorder through the recorder control software;

[0013] (5) On the radar display and control software, select the simulation mode, set the signal processing parameters according to the generated trajectory data received by the radar beam scheduling module, and start the simulation.

[0014] (6) The digital beamforming plug-in generates a simulated target according to the beam control word of the beam scheduling module, and simultaneously receives the clutter played back by the recorder and the interference echo generated by the jammer. The three are combined to form a composite beam, which is then processed.

[0015] In a further embodiment: the scene editing software uses the inertial navigation data to generate the aircraft's flight path to complete the trajectory planning of multiple batches of targets and jammers, while setting the target RCS information, thereby generating jamming trajectory data.

[0016] In a further embodiment: the jammer parameters include jamming type, jamming power, and false target attributes.

[0017] In a further embodiment: the beam control word includes scan wave position parameters, repetition frequency parameters, pulse width parameters, pulse number parameters, and bandwidth parameters.

[0018] In a further embodiment: the recorder begins playback when the radar system is triggered by a lead pulse, and the recorder and the radar system are connected by a radio frequency cable with a synchronization clock and a lead pulse.

[0019] In a further embodiment: the simulated target in the plug-in calculates the time delay, phase, and amplitude of the corresponding echo pulse through the target parameters and beam direction in the beam control word, thereby generating the corresponding digital echo sequence.

[0020] In a further embodiment: the plug-in sends a simulated signal to the jammer based on the simulated scenario in the beam control word, calculates the time delay, phase, and amplitude of the radar transmission pulse received by the jammer, and then controls the TR component to generate the corresponding transmission pulse.

[0021] In a further embodiment: the jammer employs a multi-channel analog signal reception mechanism.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] (1) The invention is based on the equipment of the fully digital array or sub-array digital system radar to complete the superposition and synthesis of real-time clutter, real-time simulated target echo and real-time countermeasure generated interference. It has the characteristics of low hardware requirements, good real-time performance and high fidelity.

[0024] (2) The invention takes into account the simulation of multiple beams, which is highly consistent with the actual equipment. No other processing is required. It can be directly input to the back-end signal processing, that is, the simulation is completed in the digital beamforming stage. Therefore, it has good back-end adaptability, can be connected to other signal processing equipment, and can also be extended to radar systems with similar architecture.

[0025] (3) This invention can be applied to the target detection performance evaluation and radar signal processing parameter setting optimization of airborne early warning radar in daily patrols. It can also be used for performance assessment in special situations and boundary confrontation environments. It is well-suited for daily equipment training and tactical research. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a system composition connection diagram in this invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Please see Figures 1-2 As shown, this invention is a semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar jamming scenarios, characterized by the following steps:

[0031] (1) Locate the corresponding file of the combat scenario to be simulated in the recorder, extract the inertial navigation data and beam control words in the file according to the wave position data frame header, and save it to form a separate file.

[0032] (2) Import file 1 into both the scene editing software and the radar beam scheduling module, and have the scene editing software generate interference trajectory data and send it to the radar beam scheduling module.

[0033] Among them, the radar scene editing software mainly completes the setting and generation of the motion trajectory of the carrier aircraft, target, and jammer, and can generally be integrated into the radar display and control software.

[0034] The beam scheduling module has the following three functions:

[0035] First, the scene recognition data sent by the scene editing software is converted into the beam control word of the radar system, including inertial navigation settings, simulation settings, and interference settings;

[0036] Second, the beam control words extracted from the recorded noise of the recorder are identified, loaded, and formed into a beam control word sequence according to the wave number, including timing and waveform parameters;

[0037] Third, replace the signal processing parameters and data processing parameters set in the radar display and control software with the corresponding parameters in the recorded clutter.

[0038] (3) Set the jammer parameters on the jammer control page and generate jamming echoes through the digital array TR component.

[0039] The jammer is used to detect the pulses emitted by the radar and generate corresponding jamming radio frequency pulses. It should be noted that the jammer can be a standard test device or other models of products. This device is not part of the radar system itself, but it is generally available or obtainable by users who own radar systems. For the sake of interface universality, the jammer and the radar system adopt a multi-channel radio frequency interface, which saves a lot of debugging and matching work and has the characteristics of fast construction and strong adaptability.

[0040] (4) Play back the measured clutter data recorded by the recorder through the recorder control software.

[0041] (5) On the radar display and control software, select the simulation mode, set the signal processing parameters according to the generated trajectory data received by the radar beam scheduling module, and start the simulation.

[0042] The radar display and control software is used to integrate combat scenario editing and generation functions, providing the motion trajectory and RCS characteristic settings of multiple batches of targets to be added, as well as the generation of jammer motion trajectory. At the same time, it identifies and loads the aircraft route in the recorded clutter data and adjusts the signal processing parameters of the simulation.

[0043] (6) The digital beamforming plug-in generates a simulated target according to the beam control word of the beam scheduling module, and simultaneously receives the clutter played back by the recorder and the interference echo generated by the jammer. The three are combined to form a composite beam, which is then processed.

[0044] The plugin is generally based on a CPU+FPGA architecture. The CPU is responsible for calculating the parameters and weighting coefficients of various complex models, while the FPGA is responsible for generating digital pulse signals and performing real-time multiplication, superposition, merging, and packet output of multiple signals. The plugin has the following three functions:

[0045] First, based on the simulated target parameters in the beam control word and the beam direction in the beam control word, calculate the time delay, phase, and amplitude of the echo pulse corresponding to each simulated target, and then generate the corresponding digital echo sequence.

[0046] Second, based on the interference scenario in the beam control word, calculate the time delay, phase, and amplitude of the radar transmitted pulse received by the jammer, thereby controlling the TR component to generate the corresponding transmitted pulse;

[0047] Third, the clutter, target and interference signals are superimposed and synthesized. The signal played back in real time by the recorder, the simulated target signal generated locally, and the interference digital signal after filtering and sampling the simulated radio frequency signal received by the jammer through the TR component are aligned and added to obtain the final synthesized signal, and then output according to the original radar system protocol format.

[0048] It should be noted that the jammer uses multi-channel reception of analog signals because jammer signal reconnaissance often employs multiple channels. For example, at least three channels are required for reconnaissance interferometric angle measurement. Furthermore, when the plug-in controls the TR component to transmit pulse signals, the amplitude and phase of each channel must satisfy the correspondence determined by the spatial position and attitude.

[0049] Specifically, the TR component is used to convert the multi-channel digital pulse waveform calculated by the plug-in into radio frequency pulses. After being input to the jammer, it receives the radio frequency pulse echo from the jammer, performs filtering, amplification, frequency conversion and digitization, and finally forms a digital echo output to the digital beam to form the plug-in.

[0050] After the jammer generates the corresponding jamming signal, it first enters the TR component for filtering, amplification, and digitization before being sent to the beamforming module. Within the digital beamforming module, the amplitude of the i-th beam needs to undergo a weighted multiplication operation, with the weighting coefficients being:

[0051]

[0052] in Let L be the radar receiving gain corresponding to the angle of the k-th interference. ∑,k This represents the propagation loss corresponding to the k-th interference.

[0053] The final synthesized signal of the i-th beam is:

[0054]

[0055] Where x i The data represents actual clutter, where m is the number of sampling points, N is the total number of targets, and M is the total number of jammers.

[0056] Furthermore, the scene editing software uses the aircraft flight path generated from the inertial navigation data to complete the trajectory planning of multiple batches of targets and jammers, while setting the target RCS information, thereby generating jamming trajectory data.

[0057] Furthermore, the jammer parameters include jamming type, jamming power, and false target attributes.

[0058] Furthermore, the beam control word includes scan wave position parameters, repetition frequency parameters, pulse width parameters, pulse number parameters, and bandwidth parameters.

[0059] Furthermore, the recorder begins playback when the radar system is triggered by a lead pulse, and the recorder is connected to the radar system by a radio frequency cable with a synchronization clock and a lead pulse.

[0060] Furthermore, the simulated target in the plug-in calculates the time delay, phase, and amplitude of the corresponding echo pulse through the target parameters and beam direction in the beam control word, thereby generating the corresponding digital echo sequence.

[0061] The time delay, phase, and amplitude of the simulated target are calculated using the following formulas:

[0062]

[0063] In the formula P n,i Let T be the signal power of the i-th beam of target n. p B and c represent pulse width, bandwidth, and speed of light, respectively, and τ = tt. m To save time, t m =mT r For slow time, T r Where m is the pulse repetition time, f is the number of pulses, and f is the pulse repetition time. c For the operating frequency, R n (t m () represents the target distance, and j is the imaginary unit. The power calculation formula is:

[0064]

[0065] Where P t For radar transmission power, The transmit gain corresponding to the nth target is denoted by , the receive gain of the i-th beam is denoted by λ, and σ is the wavelength. n For the RCS of the nth target, R n C is the radial distance to the target n. B To match the loss, L ∑ This refers to system losses.

[0066] The plug-in sends a simulated signal to the jammer based on the simulated scenario in the beam control word, calculates the time delay, phase, and amplitude of the radar transmission pulse received by the jammer, and then controls the TR component to generate the corresponding transmission pulse.

[0067] The time delay, phase, and amplitude of the pulse signal output to channel l of jammer k are calculated using the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Where s(t) is the reference signal transmitted by the radar, L k For the spatial attenuation of the radar transmitted pulse, R k Let be the distance between the k-th jammer and the radar. Let θ be the transmit gain of the radar corresponding to the i-th jammer. R,k The azimuth angle of the radar on the jammer's antenna array is [value missing]. d represents the radar's elevation angle on the jammer's antenna array. l,x d l,y Here are the azimuth and elevation coordinates of channel l on the jamming antenna array.

[0070] Working principle of the invention:

[0071] This semi-physical simulation method for radar jamming scenarios implements a phased array using digital methods for both receiving and transmitting beams. Typically, this type of radar employs a digital beamforming module to control the transmission and reception of the digital array TR components on the array surface, with fiber optic connections between the two. The digital beamforming module often uses a CPU+FPGA hardware architecture to perform uplink control of the TR components while simultaneously receiving downlink IQ echo data from the TR components, thus combining multiple beams. This module balances flexibility and real-time performance, enabling the simulation of target echoes and control of radar transmitted waveforms without the need for additional dedicated simulation equipment.

[0072] In summary, this invention, for radar systems employing a fully digital array or subarray digitization system, can fully utilize a large amount of recorded ground clutter data acquired during routine flight operations without adding dedicated simulator hardware. By replaying the recorded echoes with a recorder, multiple batches of battlefield targets are added to the echoes in real time. Simultaneously, based on waveform parameters, a transmitted waveform is generated and injected into a jammer to produce real-time counter-jamming signals, thus generating realistic radar echoes and verifying radar detection performance in actual combat scenarios. Furthermore, by adjusting signal processing and data processing parameters online on the radar display and control system, the optimized radar operating parameter configuration is obtained.

[0073] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar jamming scenarios, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Locate the corresponding file of the combat scenario to be simulated in the recorder, extract the inertial navigation data and beam control words in the file according to the wave position data frame header, and save it to form a separate file. (2) Import file 1 into the scene editing software and the radar beam scheduling module at the same time, and let the scene editing software generate interference trajectory data and send it to the radar beam scheduling module; (3) Set the jammer parameters on the jammer control page; (4) The plug-in sends an analog signal to the jammer according to the analog scene in the beam control word, calculates the time delay, phase and amplitude of the radar transmission pulse received by the jammer, and then controls the digital array TR component to generate the corresponding transmission pulse; (5) Interference echoes are generated through digital array TR components; (6) Play back the recorded measured clutter data through the recorder control software; (7) On the radar display and control software, select the simulation mode, set the signal processing parameters according to the generated trajectory data received by the radar beam scheduling module, and start the simulation. (8) A digital beamforming module generates a simulated target according to the beam control word of the beam scheduling module, and simultaneously receives the clutter played back by the recorder and the interference echo generated by the jammer. The three are combined to form a composite beam, which is then processed. The simulated target in the module calculates the time delay, phase and amplitude of the corresponding echo pulse through the target parameters and beam direction in the beam control word, and then generates a corresponding digital echo sequence.

2. The semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar interference scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scene editing software uses the inertial navigation data to generate the aircraft's flight path to complete the trajectory planning of multiple batches of targets and jammers, while setting the target RCS information, thereby generating jamming trajectory data.

3. The semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar interference scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The jammer parameters include jamming type, jamming power, and false target attributes.

4. The semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar interference scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beam control word includes scan wave position parameters, repetition frequency parameters, pulse width parameters, pulse number parameters, and bandwidth parameters.

5. The semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar interference scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recorder begins playback when the radar system is triggered by a lead pulse, and the recorder is connected to the radar system by a radio frequency cable with a synchronization clock and a lead pulse.

6. The semi-physical simulation method for airborne radar interference scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The jammer uses a multi-channel analog signal receiving system.

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