A cultivation method for making tree grapes grow quickly and bloom and bear fruits early

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for making vine grapes grow quickly and bloom and bear fruit early, and belongs to the technical field of plant planting and cultivation. Specifically, a plurality of (≥3) vine grapes are bundled and mixed and planted symbiotically, so that the plurality of vine grapes and the willow grow together into a whole big tree, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the current cultivation of vine grapes, such as underdeveloped root system, slow growth, easy lodging, and too long cycle from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, so that the symbiotic plants of vine grapes and willows have developed root system, fast growth, thick stems, and lodging resistance, thereby greatly advancing the flowering and fruiting of vine grapes and the time of entering the peak production period, which is of great significance to promoting the mass promotion of vine grapes as high-end fruit trees or precious ornamental plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting and cultivation, and in particular relates to a cultivation method for enabling tree grapes to grow rapidly and bloom and bear fruit early. Background Art

[0002] Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, also known as Jabuticaba, Jumbo and Pseudo-love tree, belongs to the Myrtaceae family. This tree species is an evergreen tree that grows very slowly in the early stage. Plinia cauliflora has a beautiful tree shape, with lush green branches and leaves all year round. It can bloom and bear fruit all year round. The same branch of Plinia cauliflora can bloom, bear fruit and mature at the same time. The flowers bloom on the branches, turning from green to red, then to purple, and finally to purple-black. On the same tree, there are flowers in the fruits, fruits in the flowers, and green fruits in the ripe fruits. This peculiar landscape of ripe fruits, green fruits and flowers growing together is quite amazing. At the same time, the mature Plinia cauliflora has round fruits, firm and smooth skin, juicy and translucent flesh, extremely sweet and special taste. At the same time, it has high nutritional value. According to statistics, it is rich in water, vitamin C, calcium and other nutrients.

[0003] In recent years, some places in my country have introduced tree grapes sporadically, among which Fujian and coastal areas of Guangdong have large areas of commercial planting. Since tree grapes are a typical species that is difficult to root, it is generally difficult to survive by cuttings. Although the grafting method can bloom and bear fruit early, since the fruiting part of the jaboticaba is on the trunk and thick branches, the grafting part should be selected at a height of less than 5 cm from the trunk, and it is relatively difficult to select relevant rootstocks for grafting, which is not very meaningful for the rapid propagation of jaboticaba. At present, tree grapes are planted by seed propagation, and the growth of tree grapes cultivated by seedlings is extremely slow. It usually takes 7 to 10 years to bloom and bear fruit sporadically (at this time, the plants are short, the stems have few flowers and fruits, so the edible fruits are few and the ornamental value is low), and it will gradually enter the peak fruit production period after 15 years. Because the planting tree grapes grow very slowly, and the root system is not well developed and easy to lodging, and the cycle from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is too long, this greatly hinders the large-scale promotion of tree grapes as fruit trees or ornamental tree species. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for making vine grapes grow rapidly and bloom and bear fruit early. The method comprises the following steps: a plurality of (≥3) vine grapes are symbiotically cultivated in combination with willow branches, so that the grown symbiotic plants have developed root systems, fast growth, thick stems, and are resistant to lodging, which greatly advances the flowering and fruiting of the vine grapes and the time for them to enter the peak production period, and is of great significance for promoting the large-scale promotion of vine grapes as high-grade fruit trees or precious ornamental plants.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A cultivation method for making vine grapes grow quickly and bloom and bear fruits early comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) Soak the vine grape seeds in warm water at 52-56℃ until the water cools down naturally, and then sow the seeds in a greenhouse;

[0008] 2) Apply thin nitrogen fertilizer to the sprouted grapevines in the greenhouse, so that the seedlings can creep naturally on the ground. When the seedlings are 10 cm long, transplant them into flower pots or woven bags filled with nutrient soil. Plant 3-5 grapevine seedlings in each flower pot or woven bag, and make them into a regular polygon. Then, cut a 12-15 cm long 1-2 year old willow branch in the middle of the regular polygon, and the length of the willow branch exposed above the ground should be 7-10 cm.

[0009] 3) Bring 3-5 runners of the vine close to the willow and finally tie them to the part of the cutting willow close to the ground, and cover the runners with a thin layer of soil. Then wrap the branches of the vine around the cutting willow, and tie the top of the vine branches to the cutting willow again;

[0010] 4) When the cuttings grow 3-5 tender leaves, pinch the top of the willow branches and remove the buds in time; only one main branch is left on each grape tree, and new buds on other side branches are removed in time;

[0011] 5) After 12 months of growth, when the height of the vine branches exceeds the willow cuttings, tie the vine branches together so that they will eventually grow together;

[0012] 6) Strengthen water and fertilizer management until 20-22 months later, when the tree grapes and willow branches basically reach a symbiotic state, commercial transplanting can be carried out.

[0013] Preferably, in step 2), three tree grape seedlings are planted in each flowerpot to form an equilateral triangle, and the willow branches are cut in the middle of the equilateral triangle.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] The tree grape is a precious tree species, which is not suitable for cutting and grafting cultivation. The seedling planting currently used generally has the disadvantages of underdeveloped root system, slow growth, easy lodging, and too long cycle from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The present invention uses multiple (≥3) tree grapes to carry out symbiotic cultivation in combination with willow branches, so that the grown tree grapes and willow symbiotic plants have developed root systems, fast growth, thick stems, and resistance to lodging, which can greatly advance the flowering and fruiting of the tree grapes and the time to enter the peak production period. Taking the commonly used tree grape, Sabah species, as an example, it can be made to bloom and bear fruit 3 years earlier and enter the peak production period 6 years earlier. Therefore, it is of great significance to promote the large-scale promotion of tree grapes as high-end fruit trees or precious ornamental plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the contents of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0017] Example 1

[0018] (1) At the end of February, the preserved "Sabah" grapevine seeds were soaked in warm water at about 56°C until they were naturally cooled (about 8 hours), then the seeds were picked up and sown in a greenhouse using a special seedling medium. After about 20 days, the grapevine seeds began to germinate;

[0019] (2) Apply thin nitrogen fertilizer to the sprouting vines in the greenhouse (spray 1.5L of 1-1.5% "Zhengyuan" brand urea aqueous solution per plant every 15 days) to allow the seedlings to grow naturally on the ground. Around the end of May, transplant the fast-growing vines about 10 cm in length into pots with nutrient soil and a diameter and depth of about 25 cm;

[0020] (3) Plant three grape vines in each flowerpot in an equilateral triangle with a side length of about 8 cm. The three grape vines are planted at the top of the triangle. A 12 cm long willow branch of the current year is planted in the middle of the triangle, with the length of the branch above the ground being about 7 cm.

[0021] (4) Bring the three runners of the vine closer to the willow branches and finally tie them to the ground with a rubber band. At the same time, cover the runners with a thin layer of soil (the thickness of the cover is 0.5-1 cm). Then, wrap the branches grown from the vine around the willow branches and tie the top of the vine branches to the willow branches with a rubber band.

[0022] (5) When the grafted willow branches grow three tender leaves, pinch the tops of the branches in time, and then remove the buds from the branches in time to prevent the growth of other side branches; only one main branch is left on each grape tree, and new buds on other side branches are removed in time;

[0023] (6) After about 12 months of growth, when the height of the three grapevine branches exceeds the height of the willow branches, use rubber bands to tie the three grapevine branches together so that they will eventually grow together;

[0024] (7) After about 22 months of water and fertilizer management (apply 18 kg of Akang brand 16-16-16 compound fertilizer per mixed grape tree per year, divided into 6 applications, with an interval of 2-3 months between each application), the three grape trees and willow branches have basically reached a symbiotic state, and the seedlings can now be germinated for commercial transplanting.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] (1) At the end of February, the harvested "Sabah" vine grape seeds were soaked in warm water at about 52°C until they cooled naturally (about 10 hours), then the seeds were picked up and sown in humus-rich soil in the greenhouse. After about 20 days, the vine grape seeds began to germinate;

[0027] (2) Apply thin nitrogen fertilizer to the sprouting vines in the greenhouse (spray 1.5L of 1-1.5% "Zhengyuan" brand urea aqueous solution per plant every 15 days) to allow the seedlings to grow naturally on the ground. Around the end of May, transplant the fast-growing vines about 15 cm in length into a woven bag with nutrient soil and a diameter and depth of about 30 cm;

[0028] (3) Plant 5 grape vines in each woven bag in a regular pentagon with a side length of about 5 cm. The 5 grape vines are planted at the top of the regular pentagon. A 2-year-old willow branch with a length of about 15 cm is cut in the middle of the regular pentagon. The length of the branch exposed above the ground is about 10 cm.

[0029] (4) Bring the five runners of the vine closer to the willow branches and finally tie them to the ground with a rubber band. At the same time, cover the runners with a thin layer of soil (the thickness of the cover is 0.5-1 cm). Then, wrap the branches grown from the vine around the willow branches and tie the top of the vine branches to the cutting willow branches with a rubber band.

[0030] (5) When the grafted willow branches grow five tender leaves, pinch off the top of the branches and remove the buds from them to prevent the growth of other side branches. Only one main branch should be left on each grape tree, and new buds on other side branches should be removed in time.

[0031] (6) After about 12 months of growth, when the height of the five grapevine branches exceeds the height of the willow branches, use rubber bands to tie the five grapevine branches together so that they will eventually grow together;

[0032] (7) After about 20 months of water and fertilizer management (apply 20 kg of Akang brand 16-16-16 compound fertilizer per mixed grape tree per year, divided into 6 applications, with an interval of 2-3 months between each application), the five grape trees and willow branches have basically reached a symbiotic state, and the seedlings can now be grown for commercial transplanting.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 Conventional method for growing tree grapes

[0034] (1) At the end of February, the harvested "Sabah" vine grape seeds were soaked in warm water at about 52°C until they cooled naturally (about 10 hours), then the seeds were picked up and sown in humus-rich soil in the greenhouse. After about 20 days, the vine grape seeds began to germinate;

[0035] (2) Control the water and fertilizer for the sprouting grapevines in the greenhouse and ensure sufficient sunlight to prevent the newly grown seedlings from creeping and to ensure the stability of the root system;

[0036] (3) In April or May of the following year, transplant the healthy vine grape seedlings into small seedling pots (5-6 cm in diameter and 7-8 cm in depth) filled with substrate soil, ensure sufficient sunlight and strengthen water and fertilizer management (apply 10 kg of Akang brand 16-16-16 compound fertilizer to each vine grape per year, evenly applied in 6 times, with an interval of 2 months between each application);

[0037] (4) After the vines have grown in the small nursery pots for about 18 months, they are transplanted into small or medium-sized flower pots or woven bags (12-15 cm in diameter and depth). At the same time, water and fertilizer management is strengthened (10 kg of Akang brand 16-16-16 compound fertilizer is applied to each vine annually, divided into 6 applications, with an interval of 2 months between each application).

[0038] (5) After the vines have grown in small or medium-sized seedling pots for about 24 months, they are transplanted into medium or large woven bags filled with substrate soil (25-30 cm in diameter and depth), ensuring sufficient sunlight and strengthening water and fertilizer management (10 kg of Akang brand 16-16-16 compound fertilizer is applied to each vine annually, evenly in 6 applications, with 2 months between each application);

[0039] (6) After the tree grapes have grown in medium-sized or large seedling pots for about 24 months, they can be transplanted outdoors as commercial seedlings. After transplanting, they must be fixed with external supports (bamboo poles, etc.) to prevent them from lodging.

[0040] Using this method, tree grapes will begin to bloom and bear fruit one year after outdoor cultivation, and will enter the peak fruit-bearing period after another 6-8 years.

[0041] Comparative Example 2

[0042] (1) At the end of February, the preserved "Sabah" grapevine seeds were soaked in warm water at about 56°C until they were naturally cooled (about 8 hours), then the seeds were picked up and sown in a greenhouse using a special seedling medium. After about 20 days, the grapevine seeds began to germinate;

[0043] (2) Apply thin nitrogen fertilizer to the sprouting vines in the greenhouse (spray 1.5L of 1-1.5% "Zhengyuan" brand urea aqueous solution per plant every 15 days) to allow the seedlings to grow naturally on the ground. Around the end of May, transplant the fast-growing vines about 10 cm in length into pots with nutrient soil and a diameter and depth of about 25 cm;

[0044] (3) Plant two grape vines in each pot, and insert a 12-cm-long willow branch of the current year in the middle of the two grape vines, with the length of the branch exposed above the ground being about 7 cm;

[0045] (4) Bring the two vine runners closer to the willow branches and finally tie them to the ground with a rubber band. At the same time, cover the vine runners with a thin layer of soil (the thickness of the cover is 0.5-1 cm). Then, wrap the branches grown from the vine around the willow branches, and tie the near-top of the vine branches to the cutting willow branches with a rubber band.

[0046] (5) When the grafted willow branches grow three tender leaves, pinch the tops of the branches in time, and then remove the buds from the branches in time to prevent the growth of other side branches; only one main branch is left on each grape tree, and new buds on other side branches are removed in time;

[0047] (6) After about 12 months of growth, when the height of the two grapevine branches exceeds the height of the willow branches, use a rubber band to tie the two grapevine branches together so that they will eventually grow together;

[0048] (7) After about 22 months of water and fertilizer management (apply 18 kg of Akang brand 16-16-16 compound fertilizer per mixed grape tree per year, divided into 6 applications, with an interval of 2-3 months between each application), the two grape trees and willow branches basically reach a symbiotic state, and the seedlings are then ready for commercial transplanting.

[0049] Table 1 Flowering and fruiting period and yield of “Sabah” grape vines

[0050]

[0051] As shown in Table 1, Examples 1 and 2 use multiple (≥3) vine grapes and willow branches for symbiotic cultivation, and the period from sowing to flowering is 4 years, which is 4 years earlier than conventional planting. After that, the fruit-bearing period can be reached in 3-4 years, which is at least 7 years earlier than conventional planting, and it has good yield and fruit quality. Although Comparative Example 2 can also increase the flowering and fruiting period of vine grapes compared with Comparative Example 1, the effect is not significant compared with the embodiment. This may be because although vine grapes can self-pollinate, it is found in the experiment that their cross-pollination fruiting rate is higher; at the same time, due to the lack of stability of regular triangles or regular polygons in Comparative Example 2, when transplanting vine grape commercial seedlings, if external supports (bamboo poles, etc.) are not used for fixation as in Example 1, some commercial seedlings also have lodging.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for making vine grapes grow quickly and bloom and bear fruits early, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Soak the vine seeds in warm water until the water cools down naturally, and then sow the seeds in a greenhouse; 2) Apply thin nitrogen fertilizer to the sprouted vines in the greenhouse, so that the seedlings can creep naturally on the ground. When the seedlings are 10 cm long, transplant them into flower pots or woven bags filled with nutrient soil. Plant the vine seedlings in each flower pot or woven bag and arrange them in a regular polygon. Then, plant a 12-15 cm long 1-2 year old willow branch in the middle of the regular polygon. 3) Bring the runners of the vine closer to the willow branches and finally tie them to the part of the cutting willow branches close to the ground. Cover the runners with a thin layer of soil. Then wrap the branches grown from the vine around the cutting willow branches and tie the top of the vine branches to the cutting willow branches. 4) When the cuttings grow 3-5 tender leaves, pinch the top of the willow branches and remove the buds in time; only one main branch is left on each grape tree, and new buds on other side branches are removed in time; 5) After 12 months of growth, when the height of the vine branches exceeds the willow cuttings, tie the vine branches together so that they will eventually grow together; 6) Strengthen water and fertilizer management. After 20-22 months, the tree grapes and willow branches will basically reach a symbiotic state and then commercial transplanting can be carried out.

2. The method for cultivating vine grapes for rapid growth and early flowering and fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) The temperature of the warm water is 52-56°C.

3. The method for cultivating grapevines for rapid growth and early flowering and fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), 3 to 5 vine grape seedlings are planted in each flower pot or woven bag.

4. The method for cultivating grapevines for rapid growth and early flowering and fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2) After cutting, the length of the willow branch exposed above the ground is 7-10cm.

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