A rapid land reclamation method based on reefs

Abstract

This invention provides a rapid land reclamation method based on reefs, comprising the following steps: S1, excavating a channel into the reef; S2, surveying the reef topography to determine multiple nodes for constructing an offshore platform; S3, constructing the offshore platform at the multiple nodes; S4, setting guide lines between the offshore platforms; S5, driving multiple steel pipe piles along the guide lines and installing flat plates on the steel pipe piles. This invention constructs an offshore platform based on an reef, using the offshore platform as a base point to drive piles and lay flat plates in all directions to form artificial land. Compared to traditional land reclamation techniques, the construction steps of building the offshore platform, driving steel pipe piles, and laying flat plates are simpler, require less work, involve a higher degree of mechanization, require fewer manual laborers, significantly reduce the construction period, and have a relatively lower cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine land reclamation technology, and more specifically to a rapid land reclamation method based on reefs. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing number of offshore construction projects, such as the construction of artificial islands and large floating platforms, these facilities can serve as supply bases for oil and gas extraction, fishing, and other marine activities.

[0003] Currently, the traditional land reclamation technology is hydraulic reclamation, which is complex, time-consuming, and costly. We urgently need a rapid land reclamation method to meet the requirements of both time and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a rapid land reclamation method based on reefs. This method can quickly build land at sea with a short construction period, simple structure, and light weight.

[0005] This invention provides a rapid land reclamation method based on a reef, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Excavate a channel to enter the islands and reefs;

[0007] S2. Survey the topography of islands and reefs to determine multiple nodes for the construction of offshore platforms;

[0008] S3. Construct offshore platforms at multiple of the aforementioned nodes;

[0009] S4. Set guide lines between offshore platforms;

[0010] S5. Drive multiple steel pipe piles along the guide line and lay flat plates on the steel pipe piles.

[0011] The construction of offshore platforms based on islands and reefs involves driving piles and laying slabs around the offshore platform to form artificial land. Compared with land reclamation technology, the construction steps of building offshore platforms, driving steel pipe piles and laying slabs are simpler, require less work, have a higher degree of mechanization, require fewer manual laborers, and the construction period will be greatly reduced, while the cost is relatively low.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3, the offshore platform is a prefabricated offshore platform.

[0013] The various structures of the offshore platform are assembled and connected, which can further reduce the construction period of land reclamation.

[0014] Further, step S3 includes: constructing the pile foundation of the offshore platform, installing a formwork on top of the pile foundation, erecting the first steel tower segment in the center of the formwork, pouring concrete inside the formwork, sequentially installing other steel tower segments upwards from the top of the first steel tower segment, splicing steel box plates around the outer perimeter of the steel tower to form a platform, tensioning and anchoring the stay cables used to connect the platform and the top of the steel tower, and installing shock absorbers between the platform and the steel tower. The steel tower segments and steel box plates are all prefabricated structures.

[0015] Most of the structure of the offshore platform is prefabricated, which can be transported to the designated location for installation. The construction speed is fast and the construction period is greatly shortened. The steel tower segments are spliced ​​from prefabricated steel plates, and the platform is also a prefabricated hollow steel box plate, which has good lightweight and stability. In addition, the steel tower and the platform are connected by shock absorbers and cable stays. When the platform encounters adverse factors, it is not easy to twist, and the shock absorbers can buffer and absorb the horizontal loads transmitted from the platform.

[0016] Furthermore, the plate is a prefabricated structure, and the plate is assembled with the steel pipe pile.

[0017] By assembling and connecting the flat slab and steel pipe piles, the laying speed of the flat slab can be accelerated, and both the flat slab and steel pipe piles can be completely recycled later, resulting in good economic benefits.

[0018] Furthermore, the method for connecting the platform to the steel pipe pile is as follows: a shim is laid on the top of the steel pipe pile, and the steel pipe pile is aligned with the groove at the bottom of the flat plate for assembly.

[0019] The gasket acts as a buffer, and the steel pipe piles are assembled directly by inserting them into the grooves of the flat plate, making assembly quick.

[0020] Furthermore, step S2 includes: initially determining the location of the node according to the shape of the island or reef, conducting an underwater geological survey, and selecting a location with relatively good geological conditions as the node based on the surveyed geological conditions.

[0021] A comprehensive analysis of the physical and mechanical properties, material composition, and distribution of underwater landslides in underwater sediments provides reliable geological data for site selection and structural design, facilitating better stress distribution of steel pipe piles and ensuring the safety of marine engineering projects.

[0022] Further, step S6 is included: dismantling the offshore platform, driving steel pipe piles and laying flat slabs in the space vacated by the offshore platform.

[0023] Since most of the structure of an offshore platform is assembled, it can be dismantled and recycled.

[0024] Further, step S7 is included: continuing to drive steel pipe piles and lay flat plates within the land frame formed by the flat plates laid along the guide line, filling the space within the land frame to form artificial land.

[0025] Artificial land of any form can be constructed within the space of the land frame as needed, making it quite flexible in use.

[0026] Furthermore, step S5 includes: using a piling vessel to build an offshore platform, using a transport vessel to transport a piling machine to the offshore platform, and using the piling machine to drive steel pipe piles along the guide line.

[0027] The construction of offshore platforms utilizes piling vessels, while steel pipe piles are constructed using piling machines, reducing the use of piling vessels and saving costs.

[0028] Furthermore, the reefs include exposed reefs used for stockpiling and storing supplies.

[0029] The islands and reefs include exposed reefs. Exposed reefs can be fully utilized to transport supplies to them in advance. The distance that ships travel to and from the reefs to transport supplies is reduced, which can further improve the construction speed and reduce construction costs.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, this invention constructs an offshore platform based on islands and reefs. The offshore platform is used as a base point to drive piles and lay flat slabs in all directions to form artificial land. Compared with land reclamation technology, the construction steps of building an offshore platform, driving steel pipe piles and laying flat slabs are simple, the workload is small, the degree of mechanization is high, the number of manual laborers is small, the construction period will be greatly reduced, and the cost is relatively low. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the island / reef structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the offshore platform of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a top view of the offshore platform of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the land frame structure after the offshore platform and guide lines have been constructed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the piling machine of the present invention driving piles on an offshore platform;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the land frame structure during the process of driving steel pipe piles and laying slabs in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the piling machine of the present invention driving piles on a flat plate;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the land frame structure before the offshore platform is dismantled after the steel pipe piles are driven and the slab is laid in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the land frame structure after the offshore platform was dismantled in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the land frame structure after the offshore platform and guide lines have been constructed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the land frame structure during the process of driving steel pipe piles and laying slabs in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the land frame structure before the offshore platform is dismantled after the steel pipe piles are driven and the slab is laid in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the land frame structure after the offshore platform is dismantled in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a top view of the temporary sea runway in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 15 This is a construction flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Attached reference numerals: 1. Island / reef; 2. Exposed reef; 3. Submerged reef; 4. Shallow water area; 5. Deep water area; 6. Channel; 7. Offshore platform; 8. Guide line; 9. Piling machine; 10. Steel pipe pile; 11. Flat plate; 12. Cable stay; 13. Steel tower; 14. Pile foundation; 15. Steel tower segment; 16. Concrete tower segment; 17. Shock absorber; 18. Platform. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0048] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, the island / reef 1 is circular in shape, including multiple exposed reefs 2 and multiple submerged reefs 3. The central part of the island / reef 1 is a deep water area 5, and the other parts of the island / reef 1 are shallow water areas 4. The method for rapidly reclaiming land using this island / reef 1 includes the following steps:

[0049] S1. Excavate an artificial channel 6 into the island / reef 1. One or more channels 6 can be excavated. The excavation location can be selected to facilitate excavation and meet transportation requirements. In this embodiment, two channels were excavated, serving as the inlet and outlet respectively. During construction, they are arranged in a loop for transport ships and installation ships to enter and exit.

[0050] S2. Based on the approximate shape of the island and reef, the node locations are initially determined. Then, the topography of island and reef 1 is surveyed. The main survey area is shallow water area 4. Through extensive geophysical exploration, underwater drilling, seabed sampling, in-situ testing, and other methods, or by using remotely operated underwater drilling, remotely operated core sampling, vane testing, and borehole pressure gauges, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the physical and mechanical properties, material composition, and distribution of underwater slopes of underwater sediments. This provides reliable geological data for the selection of construction sites and the structural design of buildings, ensuring the safety of marine engineering. Next, the initially determined node locations are adjusted based on the geological conditions of the survey. Locations with relatively good geological conditions are selected as nodes to facilitate better stress on steel pipe piles 10. Floating bodies can be used as nodes for marking. The floating bodies can be foam boards. At this time, construction materials can be transported to the exposed reef 2. Construction materials include prefabricated structures such as flat plates 11, steel pipe piles 10, steel box plates, stay cables 12, shock absorbers 17, and steel tower segments 15.

[0051] S3. A prefabricated offshore platform 7 is constructed at the node using a piling vessel. The specific construction steps for the offshore platform 7 are as follows: construct the pile foundation 14 of the offshore platform 7; install a formwork on top of the pile foundation 14; erect the first steel tower segment 15 in the center of the formwork; pour concrete inside the formwork; install other steel tower segments 15 sequentially upwards on top of the first steel tower segment 15; place steel box plates on the Bailey beam and splice them around the outer perimeter of the steel tower 13 to form a platform 18; tension and anchor the stay cables 12 used to connect the platform 18 and the top of the steel tower 13; install shock absorbers 17 between the platform 18 and the steel tower 13. The steel tower segments 15 and the steel box plates are all prefabricated structures. Except for the concrete tower segment 16, the structure of this offshore platform 7 is entirely prefabricated. This offshore platform 7 can be constructed quickly, is easy to install and disassemble, and can be recycled and reused after use. In this embodiment, the offshore platform 7 is only located within the island / reef 1.

[0052] The specific structure of the offshore platform 7 is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the structure includes a pile foundation 14, a concrete tower segment 16, a variable cross-section steel tower 13, a platform 18, multiple stay cables 12, and multiple shock absorbers 17. The steel tower 13 is composed of multiple steel tower segments 15 vertically spliced ​​together, which can be connected by welding or bolts. The concrete tower segment 16 is wrapped around the bottom of the steel tower 13 and forms an integral part with the steel tower 13. Both the steel tower 13 and the concrete tower segment 16 are located on top of the pile foundation 14, which is a steel pipe pile. The platform 18 is generally square and is composed of multiple steel box plates spliced ​​together. The platform 18 has a central hole in its center and is located in the middle of the steel tower 13. The steel tower 13 passes through... Through the central hole of platform 18, platform 18 is connected to steel tower 13 via stay cables 12 and shock absorbers 17. One end of stay cable 12 is connected to the upper end face of platform 18, and the other end of stay cable 12 is connected to the steel tower 13 near the top. Stay cables 12 are arranged along the diagonal of square platform 18. Shock absorbers 17 are installed in the central hole and are evenly arranged along the outer perimeter of steel tower 13. The connection between steel tower 13 and platform 18 via shock absorbers 17 and stay cables 12 makes it less likely for platform 18 to twist when it encounters adverse factors, and shock absorbers 17 can buffer and absorb the horizontal load transmitted from platform 18.

[0053] S4. Guide lines 8 are set between the offshore platforms 7. Nylon ropes, synthetic fiber ropes, and plastic ropes can be used as guide lines 8. The guide lines 8 guide the installation of the flat plate 11, reducing construction errors in the artificial land. In this embodiment, multiple guide lines 8 are crisscrossed to form multiple squares, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0054] S5. A tracked pile driver 9 is transported by a transport ship to the offshore platform 7. The pile driver 9 drives steel pipe piles 10 at preset intervals along the guide line 8, with two steel pipe piles 10 driven at each interval. After driving four steel pipe piles 10 each time, a flat plate 11 is installed. The flat plate 11 is a prefabricated structure. The flat plate 11 is assembled with the steel pipe piles 10. Specifically, the transport ship stacks the required flat plate 11 and steel pipe piles 10 on the reef 2 or the completed offshore platform 7. A pad is laid on top of the steel pipe piles 10. The installation ship lifts the flat plate 11 and assembles it by aligning it with the steel pipe piles 10 through the groove at the bottom of the flat plate 11. The flat plate 11 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete slab. The steel pipe piles 10 need to be treated with anti-corrosion. The length of the steel pipe piles 10 is higher than the average elevation of the reef 1, so that the artificial land has a certain height, which can reduce the impact of sea waves on the artificial land to a certain extent.

[0055] S6. Dismantle the offshore platform 7, and drive steel pipe piles 10 and lay flat slabs 11 in the space vacated by the offshore platform 7. All structures of the offshore platform 7 can be completely dismantled, including the platform 18, steel tower 13, and pile foundation 14. After dismantling, drive steel pipe piles 10 and lay flat slabs 11 in the same manner as in step S5. Alternatively, the offshore platform 7 can be used directly without dismantling.

[0056] Specifically, construction to Figure 6 In such cases, the offshore platform 7 is dismantled, and the space vacated by the offshore platform 7 is filled with flat plates 11 and steel pipe piles 10. When there are enough flat plates 11 and steel pipe piles 10 piled on the reef 2 or the offshore platform 7 that has been completed, no ships are needed, and the land frame can be filled in on site.

[0057] S7. Within the land frame formed by the flat slab 11 laid along the guide line 8, continue driving steel pipe piles 10 and laying flat slabs 11 to fill the space within the land frame, thereby forming artificial land. Any form can be constructed within the central square space as needed, offering considerable flexibility.

[0058] Since the steel pipe pile 10 and the flat plate 11 are assembled, a steel pipe pile 10 can be driven in only two to three hours. Most of the structure of the offshore platform 7 is also assembled. This land reclamation method can complete the construction of artificial land in one to two months, while the construction cycle of dredging and reclamation takes at least half a year. Therefore, this land reclamation method greatly shortens the construction cycle, and most of the structure can be disassembled for reuse, saving costs.

[0059] Example 2: Compared to Example 1, the area of ​​the artificial land in Example 2 is expanded to cover the entire island and reef 1, such as... Figures 10 to 13 As shown, artificial land is spread across island 1. By making full use of the area of ​​island 1, a larger artificial land can be built.

[0060] Example 3: Compared with Example 1, Example 3 only sets up one offshore platform 7, drives steel pipe piles 10 in one direction and lays flat slabs 11. Multiple flat slabs 11 can form a temporary offshore runway, such as... Figure 14 As shown, the construction period for the temporary sea runway is approximately seven to eight days, and it can be used for temporary aircraft stops, refueling, and rest.

[0061] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A rapid land reclamation method based on reefs, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Excavate the channel (6) leading into the island (1); S2. Conduct a survey of the topography of the islands and reefs (1) to determine multiple nodes for the construction of the offshore platform (7); S3. Construct offshore platforms at multiple of the aforementioned nodes (7); S4. Set guide lines (8) between the offshore platforms (7); S5. Drive multiple steel pipe piles (10) along the guide line (8) and lay a flat plate (11) on the steel pipe piles (10); S6. Dismantle the offshore platform (7), drive steel pipe piles (10) into the space vacated by the offshore platform (7) and lay flat plates (11); S7. Continue to drive steel pipe piles (10) and lay flat plates (11) within the land frame formed by the flat plates (11) laid along the guide line (8) to fill the space within the land frame and thus form artificial land.

2. The rapid land reclamation method based on reefs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the offshore platform (7) is a prefabricated offshore platform (7).

3. The rapid land reclamation method based on reefs according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S3 includes: constructing the pile foundation (14) of the offshore platform (7), installing a template on the top of the pile foundation (14), erecting the first steel tower segment (15) in the center of the template, pouring concrete in the template, installing other steel tower segments (15) sequentially upwards on the top of the first steel tower segment (15), splicing steel box plates around the outer perimeter of the steel tower (13) to form a platform (18), tensioning and anchoring the inclined cables (12) used to connect the top of the platform (18) and the steel tower (13), and installing shock absorbers (17) between the platform (18) and the steel tower (13). The steel tower segments (15) and the steel box plates are all prefabricated structures.

4. The rapid land reclamation method based on reefs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plate (11) is a prefabricated structure, and the plate (11) is assembled with the steel pipe pile (10).

5. The rapid land reclamation method based on reefs according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connection method between the platform (18) and the steel pipe pile (10) is as follows: a shim is laid on the top of the steel pipe pile (10), and the steel pipe pile (10) is assembled by aligning it with the groove at the bottom of the flat plate (11).

6. The rapid land reclamation method based on a reef according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Step S2 includes: initially determining the location of the node according to the shape of the island and reef, conducting an underwater geological survey, and selecting a location with relatively good geological conditions as the node based on the surveyed geological conditions.

7. The rapid land reclamation method based on a reef according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Step S5 includes: using a piling vessel to build an offshore platform (7), using a transport vessel to transport a piling machine (9) to the offshore platform (7), and using the piling machine (9) to drive steel pipe piles (10) along the guide line (8).

8. The rapid land reclamation method based on a reef according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The reefs (1) include exposed reefs (2) used for stockpiling and storing materials.

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