An assembly fit surface force shape change detection system and method

Abstract

The application discloses an assembly and fitting surface force shape change detection system and a detection method, and belongs to the technical field of aircraft shape detection. The assembly and fitting surface force shape change detection system comprises a base, a measuring instrument hanger, a measuring instrument mounting frame, a thrust mechanism and a micrometer. The base can fix a to-be-detected structure, and the to-be-detected structure comprises a positioning component and an assembly component. The measuring instrument hanger is slidably arranged on the base. The measuring instrument mounting frame is mounted on the measuring instrument hanger. The thrust mechanism is mounted on the measuring instrument mounting frame. The thrust mechanism comprises a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor can exert pressure on the assembly component and measure the exerted pressure value. The micrometer is mounted on the measuring instrument mounting frame. The application can obtain the required pre-tightening force for eliminating the fitting gap and ensure the assembly quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aircraft deformation detection, and in particular to an assembly contact surface force and shape change detection system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aircraft parts will produce dimensional variation in the production process. When connecting and assembling aircraft parts, the contact surfaces of adjacent parts should be completely fitted, but due to the existence of dimensional variation, there is a fitting gap at the contact interface.

[0003] Generally, the fitting gap is eliminated by applying assembly preload during assembly.

[0004] However, in the prior art, it is difficult to determine the size of the preload required during assembly. If the preload applied is not appropriate, the assembly component will be geometrically deformed under the action of the assembly preload, and additional assembly stress will be generated inside the structure, which will affect the load bearing performance of the structure. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide an assembly contact surface force and shape change detection system and method which can apply preload to the structure to be measured and detect the fitting gap, and can obtain the preload required when the assembly gap is zero to ensure the assembly quality.

[0006] As conceived above, the technical solution adopted by the present application is:

[0007] An assembly contact surface force and shape change detection system, comprising:

[0008] a base capable of fixing a structure to be measured, the structure to be measured comprising a positioning component and an assembly component;

[0009] a measuring instrument hanger slidably arranged on the base;

[0010] a measuring instrument mounting bracket mounted on the measuring instrument hanger;

[0011] a thrust mechanism mounted on the measuring instrument mounting bracket, the thrust mechanism comprising a pressure sensor capable of applying pressure to the assembly component and measuring the applied pressure value;

[0012] a dial gauge mounted on the measuring instrument mounting bracket.

[0013] Optionally, the measuring instrument hanger is slidably arranged on the base through a sliding block sliding rail structure.

[0014] Optionally, the base comprises:

[0015] The lower crossbeam is vertically provided with a stand at both ends, and a first sliding rail is arranged on the lower crossbeam.

[0016] The upper crossbeam is arranged opposite to the lower crossbeam in an up-down interval, and the upper crossbeam is connected with the upper ends of the two stands respectively, and a second sliding rail is arranged on the upper crossbeam, and the upper end of the measuring instrument hanger is provided with a second sliding block matched with the second sliding rail.

[0017] Optionally, the thrust mechanism further comprises:

[0018] A thrust frame is installed on the measuring instrument mounting frame.

[0019] A lead screw is rotatably arranged on the thrust frame around its axis.

[0020] A nut is threadedly connected to the outer periphery of the lead screw, the pressure sensor is fixedly connected with the nut, and the nut can drive the pressure sensor to reciprocate along the axis direction of the lead screw.

[0021] Optionally, the end of the lead screw is provided with a hand wheel, and the hand wheel can drive the lead screw to rotate around its axis.

[0022] Optionally, the measuring instrument mounting frame comprises a first frame and a second frame, the first frame and the second frame are both installed on the measuring instrument hanger, the thrust mechanism is installed on the first frame, and the micrometer is installed on the second frame.

[0023] Optionally, the micrometer is a Bluetooth micrometer.

[0024] A method for detecting the force and shape change of the assembly and fitting surface, which adopts the above-mentioned detection system to detect the to-be-detected structure.

[0025] The detection method comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1, install the measuring instrument mounting frame on the measuring instrument hanger.

[0027] S2, measure and calculate the corresponding relationship between the assembly gap and the pre-tightening force.

[0028] Optionally, the to-be-detected structure comprises a positioning component and an assembly component, and the step S2 comprises:

[0029] S21, first install the positioning component on the to-be-detected structure, the positioning component is a positioned part, and the assembly interface of the positioning component on the to-be-detected structure is taken as a zero reference to zero the micrometer and the pressure sensor.

[0030] S22, assemble the assembly component of the structure to be measured, read the size change of the measuring point on the outer surface of the assembly component through the micrometer, and calculate the initial assembly gap;

[0031] S23, continue to control the pressure sensor to apply the pre-tightening force to the assembly component, and the micrometer records the size change of the measuring point on the outer surface of the assembly component in real time until the assembly gap is zero;

[0032] S24, correct the size change measured by the micrometer, and calculate the corresponding relationship between the assembly gap and the pre-tightening force.

[0033] Optionally, in the step S22, the size change of the measuring point on the outer surface of the assembly component is subtracted by the thickness value of the assembly component to obtain the initial assembly gap.

[0034] The assembly surface force shape change detection system provided by the application is used, the positioning component of the structure to be measured is installed on the base, the positioning component is used as the assembly reference of the assembly component, then the assembly component is assembled, the initial assembly gap between the positioning component and the assembly component is measured through the micrometer, then the pre-tightening force is applied to the assembly component through the pressure sensor, when the gap between the positioning component and the assembly component is zero, the pressure value of the pressure sensor at this time is recorded, that is, the pre-tightening force required when the assembly component is installed on the positioning component.

[0035] The assembly surface force shape change detection method provided by the application detects the relationship between the pre-tightening force and the assembly gap by using the above-mentioned assembly surface force shape change detection system, can determine the pre-tightening force required to eliminate the assembly gap, and guarantees the assembly quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by the person skilled in the art according to the contents of the embodiments of the application and the drawings without any creative labor.

[0037] Figure 1 is a structure schematic view of the assembly surface force shape change detection system provided by the embodiment one of the application;

[0038] Figure 2 is Figure 1 is an enlarged view of C in FIG. 8;

[0039] Figure 3 is a structure schematic view of the thrust mechanism provided by the embodiment one of the application after removing one side plate of the thrust frame;

[0040] Figure 4 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of layout deformation of the structure to be measured at the measurement site provided by the second embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure to be measured provided by the first embodiment of the present application.

[0042] 1, base; 11, lower crossbeam; 12, upright column; 13, upper crossbeam;

[0043] 2, measuring instrument hanger;

[0044] 3, measuring instrument mounting frame; 31, first frame; 32, second frame;

[0045] 4, thrust mechanism; 41, pressure sensor; 42, thrust frame; 43, lead screw; 431, hand wheel; 44, nut; 45, connecting part;

[0046] 5, structure to be measured;

[0047] 6, micrometer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the technical problems solved by the present application, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved more clear, the technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, but not to limit the present application. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present application are shown in the drawings, but not all.

[0049] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Among them, the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.

[0050] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or it can be detachable connection; it can be mechanical connection, or it can be electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0051] Embodiment One

[0052] Referring to Figures 1-3 The embodiment provides an assembly fit surface force form change detection system which can detect the force form change of the assembly fit surface, ensures the elimination of the assembly gap and guarantees the assembly quality.

[0053] Specifically, the assembly fit surface force form change detection system comprises a base 1, a measuring instrument hanger 2, a measuring instrument mounting frame 3 and a thrust mechanism 4.

[0054] Specifically, the base 1 can fix a to-be-measured structure 5; the to-be-measured structure 5 comprises a positioning component and an assembly component. The measuring instrument hanger 2 is slidably arranged on the base 1; the measuring instrument mounting frame 3 is mounted on the measuring instrument hanger 2. The thrust mechanism 4 is mounted on the measuring instrument mounting frame 3, and the thrust mechanism 4 comprises a pressure sensor 41 which can exert a pressure on the assembly component of the to-be-measured structure 5 and measure the exerted pressure value. A micrometer 6 is mounted on the measuring instrument mounting frame 3.

[0055] The assembly fit surface force form change detection system provided by the embodiment can be used in the following manner. First, the positioning component of the to-be-measured structure 5 is mounted on the base 1, and the positioning component is used as the assembly reference of the assembly component. Then, the assembly component is assembled. First, the initial assembly gap between the positioning component and the assembly component is measured by the micrometer 6. Then, the pressure sensor 41 exerts a pre-tightening force on the assembly component. When the gap between the positioning component and the assembly component is zero, the pressure value of the pressure sensor 41 at this time is recorded, which is the pre-tightening force required when the assembly component is mounted on the positioning component. Thus, guidance is provided for the actual installation of the to-be-measured structure 5.

[0056] Specifically, in the embodiment, the measuring instrument mounting frame 3 comprises a first frame 31 and a second frame 32, and the first frame 31 and the second frame 32 are both mounted on the measuring instrument hanger 2. The thrust mechanism 4 is mounted on the first frame 31, and the micrometer 6 is mounted on the second frame 32.

[0057] Preferably, in the embodiment, the micrometer 6 is a Bluetooth micrometer which is sensitive and has high measurement accuracy.

[0058] Preferably, in order to enable the pressure sensor 41 and the micrometer 6 to measure different positions on the surface of the to-be-measured structure 5, in the embodiment, the measuring instrument hanger 2 is slidably arranged on the base 1 through a sliding block sliding rail structure.

[0059] Preferably, the assembly fit surface force form change detection system is provided with at least two measuring instrument hangers 2. The number of the measuring instrument mounting frames 3 on each measuring instrument hanger 2 can be set as required.

[0060] Specifically, in the embodiment, the measuring instrument hanger 2 is slidably arranged on the base 1 along a horizontal direction.

[0061] The base 1 comprises a lower crossbeam 11 and an upper crossbeam 13. The lower crossbeam 11 is vertically provided with a stand 12 at each end thereof. The lower crossbeam 11 is provided with a first sliding rail. The lower end of the measuring instrument hanger 2 is provided with a first sliding block matched with the first sliding rail. The upper crossbeam 13 is oppositely arranged with the lower crossbeam 11. The upper end of the upper crossbeam 13 is connected with the upper end of each stand 12. The upper crossbeam 13 is provided with a second sliding rail. The upper end of the measuring instrument hanger 2 is provided with a second sliding block matched with the second sliding rail.

[0062] Preferably, in the embodiment, the base 1 is an aluminum alloy frame formed by connecting standard aluminum profiles by angle aluminum and the like. The base 1 can be quickly manufactured according to the specific structure of the structure to be measured 5.

[0063] Preferably, the bottom surface of the base 1 is provided with a roller to facilitate the movement of the base 1.

[0064] Further, the inner side of the stand 12 is provided with a fixing plate for fixing the structure to be measured 5. Preferably, the inner side of each stand 12 is provided with two fixing plates spaced apart along a vertical direction.

[0065] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the thrust mechanism 4 further comprises a thrust frame 42, a lead screw 43 and a nut 44.

[0066] Specifically, the thrust frame 42 comprises four side plates sequentially connected end to end to form a frame structure.

[0067] The thrust frame 42 is mounted on the measuring instrument mounting frame 3. The lead screw 43 is rotatably arranged on the thrust frame 42 about its own axis. Specifically, the two ends of the lead screw 43 are rotatably arranged on the two opposite side plates, respectively. The nut 44 is threadedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the lead screw 43. The pressure sensor 41 is fixedly connected with the nut 44. The nut 44 can drive the pressure sensor 41 to reciprocate along the axis direction of the lead screw 43.

[0068] Further, the lead screw 43 extends along a horizontal direction. The nut 44 moves along the horizontal direction. The nut 44 is provided with a connecting portion 45. The connecting portion 45 comprises a horizontal plate fixedly connected with the side portion of the nut 44. A vertical plate is vertically arranged on the horizontal plate. The vertical plate extends out of the thrust frame 42. The pressure sensor 41 is arranged on the vertical plate to avoid the interference of the thrust frame 42 with the movement of the pressure sensor 41.

[0069] Preferably, the end portion of the lead screw 43 is provided with a hand wheel 431. The hand wheel 431 can drive the lead screw 43 to rotate about its own axis.

[0070] By setting the screw rod 43 and the nut 44, the pressure sensor 41 can be extended and retracted relative to the thrust frame 42, so as to adjust the pre-tightening force on the measurement point.

[0071] Embodiment two

[0072] The embodiment provides an assembly and fitting surface force form change detection method which adopts the assembly and fitting surface force form change detection system in embodiment one to detect the force form change relationship of the to-be-detected structure 5.

[0073] Specifically, the assembly and fitting surface force form change detection method comprises the following steps.

[0074] S1, the positions of the dial gauge 6 and the pressure sensor 41 are adjusted, so as to ensure that the horizontal distance of the connecting line between the measurement point of the dial gauge 6 on the to-be-detected structure 5 and the measurement point of the pressure sensor 41 on the to-be-detected structure 5 is a constant value L;

[0075] S2, the corresponding relationship between the assembly gap and the pre-tightening force is measured.

[0076] Specifically, the to-be-detected structure 5 comprises a positioning component and an assembly component, and the step S2 comprises:

[0077] S21, the positioning component on the to-be-detected structure 5 is first installed, the positioning component is a positioned part, the assembly interface of the positioning component on the to-be-detected structure 5 is taken as a zero position reference, and the dial gauge 6 and the pressure sensor 41 are adjusted to zero;

[0078] S22, the assembly component of the to-be-detected structure 5 is assembled, the size change of the measurement point of the outer surface of the assembly component is read by the dial gauge 6, and the initial assembly gap is calculated; specifically, in the step S22, the size change of the measurement point of the outer surface of the assembly component is subtracted by the thickness value of the assembly component, so as to obtain the initial assembly gap; further, when the size change of the measurement point of the outer surface of the assembly component is the same as the thickness value of the assembly component, the assembly gap becomes zero;

[0079] S23, the pressure sensor 41 continuously applies the pre-tightening force to the assembly component, the dial gauge 6 records the size change of the measurement point of the outer surface of the assembly component in real time, and the assembly gap is zero.

[0080] S24, the size change measured by the dial gauge 6 is corrected, and the corresponding relationship between the assembly gap and the pre-tightening force is calculated.

[0081] Since the pressure sensor 41 and the dial gauge 6 have a distance in position when measuring and positioning, the two cannot measure the same point at the same time. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement result, the measurement result needs to be corrected and calculated, so as to obtain the accurate force form change relationship of the same point.

[0082] The to-be-measured structure 5 is a small-curvature component, has the characteristics of overall elasticity and local rigidity, and has a small gap due to assembly, so that the local deformation at the measurement position can be represented by Figure 4 as shown.

[0083] Referring to Figure 4 , specifically, the dial gauge 6 and the pressure sensor 41 are placed side by side, the line between the measurement point of the dial gauge 6 on the assembled component and the measurement point of the pressure sensor 41 on the assembled component is horizontal, and the horizontal distance between the two is a constant value L.

[0084] A is the measurement point of the pressure sensor 41, and the pressure sensor 41 can measure the pressure value at A; B is the measurement point of the dial gauge 6, and the dial gauge 6 can measure the deformation value of B after A is stressed. The deformation amount ΔL of A after stress is obtained by correction calculation.

[0085] A' is the actual position of A after the pressure sensor 41 applies a pre-tightening force, and B' is the actual position of B after the pressure sensor 41 applies a pre-tightening force.

[0086] For convenience of description, A is referred to as a first measurement point, and B is referred to as a second measurement point.

[0087] Specifically, the correction calculation method of the deformation amount ΔL of the measurement point A after stress includes:

[0088] S241, before the pressure sensor 41 applies a pre-tightening force to the first measurement point A, the dial gauge 6 passes through the first measurement point A and the second measurement point B, so as to obtain the distance c of the first measurement point A and the second measurement point B in the vertical direction; according to the geometric relationship in Figure 4 , it can be known that:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] S242, the deformation amount ΔL of the first measurement point A after stress is calculated:

[0092]

[0093] Specifically, in step S242, the actual measurement value Δd of the dial gauge 6 at the second measurement point B is recorded, and the value of the deformation amount d of the second measurement point B is equal to Δd;

[0094] According to the characteristics of local rigidity, the deformation after applying the pre-tightening force is small deformation, and the deformation BB' is smaller than AA'. Therefore, the actual measurement value Δd is approximately equal to the deformation amount d, that is:

[0095] Δd = d;

[0096] A' B' = AB;

[0097] According to the Pythagorean theorem:

[0098]

[0099] That is:

[0100]

[0101] The angle a can be approximately calculated by the following formula:

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] The deformation amount at the measuring point of the pressure sensor 41 can be calculated by the triangle AA' B:

[0105]

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] After obtaining the deformation amount at the measuring point of the pressure sensor 41, the deformation amounts at the measuring point of the pressure sensor 41 under different pressure values and the corresponding pressure values are fitted, and the corresponding relationship between the assembly gap and the pre-tightening force is obtained.

[0109] Example three

[0110] The embodiment provides a simulation method for dynamic deformation of a to-be-measured structure, which measures a dynamic deformation process of the to-be-measured structure 5 by using the assembly surface force shape change detection system in the embodiment and restores the dynamic deformation process by simulation, and the simulation method comprises the following steps:

[0111] Key feature points on an outer surface of an assembly component of the to-be-measured structure 5 are selected, and a plurality of measuring instrument mounting racks 3 are arranged, wherein the pressure sensors 41 of the measuring instrument mounting racks 3 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the key feature points;

[0112] Each pressure sensor 41 and each micrometer 6 are zeroed, and the pressure sensors 41 and the micrometers 6 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence;

[0113] Each pressure sensor 41 is controlled to exert different pressures on the key feature points, and the values of the micrometers 6 corresponding to each pressure sensor 41 are recorded in real time, the deformation amount of the key feature points when each pressure sensor 41 exerts pressure on the key feature points is obtained through correction calculation, each pressure value corresponds to a deformation amount, and thus a measurement data matrix is obtained;

[0114] The measured data matrix is used to restore the dynamic deformation process of the assembled parts of the structure 5 under test.

[0115] By restoring the dynamic deformation process, the deformation causes are analyzed, and the process is improved to optimize the structural deformation problem.

[0116] The above embodiments only illustrate the basic principles and characteristics of the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and modifications all fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for detecting force-shape changes on an assembly mating surface, comprising using an assembly mating surface force-shape change detection system to detect the structure under test (5), wherein the assembly mating surface force-shape change detection system includes: The base (1) is capable of fixing the structure to be tested (5), the structure to be tested (5) includes a positioning component and an assembly component; The measuring instrument bracket (2) is slidably mounted on the base (1); A measuring instrument mounting bracket (3) is installed on the measuring instrument hanger (2). The measuring instrument mounting bracket (3) includes a first frame (31) and a second frame (32). Both the first frame (31) and the second frame (32) are installed on the measuring instrument hanger (2). A thrust mechanism (4) is mounted on the first frame (31). The thrust mechanism (4) includes a pressure sensor (41), which is capable of applying pressure to the assembly component and measuring the applied pressure value. A dial indicator (6) is mounted on the second frame (32); The method for detecting force-shape changes on the assembly mating surface is characterized by the following steps: S1. Install the measuring instrument mounting bracket (3) onto the measuring instrument hanger (2), adjust the position of the dial indicator (6) and the pressure sensor (41) to ensure that the horizontal distance between the measuring point B of the dial indicator (6) on the structure to be measured (5) and the measuring point A of the pressure sensor (41) on the structure to be measured (5) is a constant value L. S2. Measure and calculate the relationship between assembly clearance and preload; Step S2 includes: S21. First, install the positioning component on the structure to be tested (5). The positioning component is a pre-positioned part. Use the assembly interface of the positioning component on the structure to be tested (5) as the zero reference to zero the dial indicator (6) and the pressure sensor (41). S22. Assemble the assembly parts of the structure to be tested (5), and read the dimensional changes of the measurement points on the outer surface of the assembly parts through the dial indicator (6) to calculate the initial assembly gap; S23. The pressure sensor (41) is continuously controlled to apply a preload force to the assembly component, and the dial indicator (6) records the size change of the measuring points on the outer surface of the assembly component in real time until the assembly gap is zero. S24. Correct the dimensional change measured by the dial indicator (6). The pressure sensor (41) measures the pressure value at measurement point A. The dial indicator (6) measures the deformation Δd of measurement point B after the force is applied to measurement point A. The deformation ΔL of measurement point A after the force is applied to measurement point A is obtained by correction calculation. The relationship between assembly gap and preload is calculated from the deformation under different pressure values ​​at measurement point A of the pressure sensor (41) and the corresponding pressure value.

2. The method for detecting force-shape changes on an assembly mating surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S22, the initial assembly gap is obtained by subtracting the thickness value of the assembly component from the dimensional change of the measurement point on the outer surface of the assembly component.

Images