A photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane

Abstract

The present invention discloses a photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof breathable membrane, comprising a waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor; a first outlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor connected to a liquid storage bottle, which is connected to a first inlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor; a gas source connected to a second inlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor, which is connected to a gas collector and detector. The present invention solves the problem of bubbles blocking the photocatalytic reaction in traditional photocatalytic reaction systems, provides a solid-liquid-gas three-phase reaction interface for the photocatalytic reaction, and solves the problem of low solubility of the reaction gas in the reaction liquid affecting the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction in traditional photocatalytic reaction systems. At the same time, the use of the waterproof breathable membrane is expected to achieve gas-liquid separation under zero-gravity conditions, thereby expanding the application of photocatalytic reactions in space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of new energy preparation, and in particular relates to a photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the extensive use of traditional fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) in the energy sector has caused serious environmental pollution. Replacing these with new renewable energy sources is an urgent task. Photocatalytic reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy (such as photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen, photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, and photocatalytic nitrogen reduction) have attracted widespread attention due to their environmentally friendly advantages.

[0003] Photocatalytic reactions are complex multiphase reactions involving solid, liquid, and gas phases. Currently, traditional photocatalytic reaction systems can be roughly divided into two types: dispersed systems and flat-plate systems. A dispersed system involves dispersing the catalyst in a reaction liquid to form a dispersion, purging the dispersion with a reaction gas (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.) or an inert gas (such as argon), and then exposing the purged dispersion to light for a photocatalytic reaction. A flat-plate system involves loading the catalyst onto a flat plate to form a thin film, allowing the dispersion to flow over the catalyst loaded on the plate, and allowing the photocatalytic reaction to occur under light.

[0004] Since photocatalytic reactions usually produce a large amount of gas products (such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, etc.) and form a large number of bubbles on the catalyst surface, the formation of a large number of bubbles will hinder the contact between the catalyst and the reaction liquid, thereby blocking the occurrence of the photocatalytic reaction at this location, greatly reducing the reaction rate and energy conversion efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction.

[0005] In particular, both the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction and the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction require reaction gases (carbon dioxide and nitrogen) as raw materials to participate in the photocatalytic reaction. In traditional photocatalytic reaction systems (dispersed systems and flat-plate systems), catalysts can only catalyze reaction gases dissolved in the reaction liquid to produce photocatalytic reactions. Due to the limited solubility of the reaction gases in the reaction liquid, insufficient supply of reaction gases in the photocatalytic reaction often becomes the reaction-limiting step, making it difficult for related photocatalytic reactions to achieve high reaction rates and energy conversion efficiency.

[0006] Furthermore, conventional photocatalytic reaction systems (both dispersed and flat-plate systems) require gravity to separate the subsequent gaseous products from the reaction liquid (gas-liquid separation), allowing for the collection of gaseous products (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, etc.) and liquid products (formic acid, methanol, ethanol, ammonia, etc.) in the reaction liquid. Consequently, conventional photocatalytic reaction systems cannot be applied in zero-gravity conditions, preventing the expansion of photocatalytic reactions for use in space (e.g., on space stations). Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane to solve the problem of bubbles blocking the photocatalytic reaction in traditional photocatalytic reaction systems; and use a waterproof and breathable membrane loaded with a catalyst to provide a solid-liquid-gas three-phase reaction interface for the photocatalytic reaction to solve the problem of low solubility of the reaction gas in the reaction liquid affecting the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction; at the same time, the application of the waterproof and breathable membrane is expected to achieve gas-liquid separation under zero-gravity conditions, thereby expanding the application of photocatalytic reactions in space.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:

[0009] A photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising a waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor, a liquid storage bottle, a gas source, a flow controller, and a gas collection and detector;

[0010] The inlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor includes a first inlet and a second inlet, and the outlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor includes a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage bottle, and the outlet of the liquid storage bottle is connected to the first inlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor;

[0011] The gas source is connected to the second inlet of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor, and the second outlet of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor is connected to a gas collection and detector.

[0012] Furthermore, a light source is provided on one side of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor.

[0013] Furthermore, the outlet of the liquid storage bottle is connected to the first inlet of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor via a circulation pump.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas source is connected to the second inlet of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor via a flow controller.

[0015] Furthermore, the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor includes a liquid chamber module, an air chamber module, a sealing gasket and a catalytic module; wherein, a first inlet and a first outlet are provided on the liquid chamber module, a second inlet and a second outlet are provided on the air chamber module, a catalytic module is provided between the liquid chamber module and the air chamber module, and both sides of the catalytic module are sealed by sealing gaskets, and the liquid chamber module, the air chamber module and the sealing gasket are connected by fastening screws and fastening nuts.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid chamber module and the gas chamber module are disc-shaped.

[0017] Furthermore, the liquid chamber module includes a liquid chamber cavity, a liquid chamber gasket, a quartz illumination window and a liquid chamber cover, wherein a first inlet and a first outlet are provided on the liquid chamber cavity; a liquid chamber gasket, a quartz illumination window and a liquid chamber cover are provided in sequence on one side of the liquid chamber cavity; the liquid chamber cover, the liquid chamber gasket and the liquid chamber cavity are connected by liquid chamber fastening screws.

[0018] Furthermore, the liquid chamber gasket and the liquid chamber cover plate are annular.

[0019] Furthermore, the air chamber module includes an air chamber cavity, an air chamber gasket, a quartz observation window and an air chamber cover, wherein a second inlet and a second outlet are provided on the air chamber cavity; an air chamber gasket, a quartz observation window and an air chamber cover are provided in sequence on one side of the air chamber cavity; the air chamber cover, the air chamber gasket and the air chamber cavity are connected by air chamber fastening screws.

[0020] Furthermore, the air chamber gasket and the air chamber cover plate are in a circular ring shape.

[0021] Furthermore, the catalytic module includes a waterproof breathable membrane and a catalyst loaded on one side of the waterproof breathable membrane, and the side of the waterproof breathable membrane loaded with the catalyst is placed toward the liquid chamber module.

[0022] Furthermore, the gas source is a gas cylinder or a gas generator capable of providing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, oxygen, hydrogen or argon.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention provides a photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof, breathable membrane. A catalyst is loaded onto one side of the membrane and brought into contact with the reaction liquid in a liquid chamber module. The other side of the membrane allows the reaction gas in the gas chamber module to pass through. The waterproof nature of the membrane is utilized to separate the reaction liquid and the reaction gas. The breathable nature of the membrane is utilized to allow the reaction gas to diffuse through the membrane and contact the catalyst. Thus, the catalyst simultaneously contacts the reaction liquid and the reaction gas, and a photocatalytic reaction occurs under illumination. Simultaneously, the gaseous products produced by the photocatalytic reaction diffuse through the membrane and enter the gas chamber module, avoiding the formation of bubbles on the catalyst side. The gaseous products then flow into the gas collection and detector for collection. Liquid products produced by the photocatalytic reaction enter the liquid chamber module and flow into a liquid storage bottle for collection, thereby achieving gas-liquid separation under zero-gravity conditions. The photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof breathable membrane provided by the present invention utilizes the breathable property of the waterproof breathable membrane to allow the gas products generated by the photocatalytic reaction to diffuse through the waterproof breathable membrane and enter the gas chamber module, thereby avoiding the generation of bubbles in the photocatalytic reaction, thereby solving the problem of bubbles blocking the photocatalytic reaction in the traditional photocatalytic reaction system; the photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof breathable membrane provided by the present invention, when applied to a photocatalytic reaction with gas as a reactant (such as a photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction, a photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction, etc.), can give full play to the waterproof property of the waterproof breathable membrane, separate the reaction liquid in the liquid chamber module and the reaction gas in the gas chamber module, and utilize its breathable property to allow the reaction gas to diffuse through the waterproof breathable membrane and contact The catalyst is arranged on one side of the liquid chamber module, thereby forming a three-phase reaction interface of solid (catalyst), liquid (reaction liquid), and gas (reaction gas) around the catalyst, which changes the way the traditional photocatalytic system dissolves the reactant gas before the catalytic reaction occurs. By supplying the reaction gas in the form of direct gas (rather than in the form of dissolved gas molecules in the traditional system), the problem of low solubility of the reaction gas and thus insufficient supply of reactants in the traditional system is overcome, and it is expected to improve the reaction rate and energy conversion efficiency of the corresponding photocatalytic reaction; the photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane provided by the present invention utilizes the hydrophobic and breathable characteristics of the waterproof and breathable membrane, and is expected to achieve gas-liquid separation under zero-gravity conditions, thereby expanding the application of photocatalytic reactions in space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system of the photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor.

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the liquid chamber module structure of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor, where (a) is a disassembled diagram of the liquid chamber module structure, and (b) is a cross-sectional diagram of the liquid chamber module.

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the air chamber module structure of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor, where (a) is a disassembled diagram of the air chamber module structure, and (b) is a cross-sectional diagram of the air chamber module.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the catalytic module of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor.

[0030] Description of reference numerals:

[0031] 1. Waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor, 2. Pipeline, 3. Circulation pump, 4. Liquid storage bottle, 5. Gas source, 6. Flow controller, 7. Gas collection and detector, 8. Light source, 9. Liquid chamber module, 10. Gas chamber module, 11. Sealing gasket, 12. Catalytic module, 13. Fastening screw, 14. Fastening nut, 15. Liquid chamber cavity, 16. Liquid chamber hollow screw, 17. Liquid chamber gasket, 18. Quartz illumination window, 19. Liquid chamber cover, 20. Liquid chamber fastening screw, 21. Gas chamber cavity, 22. Gas chamber hollow screw, 23. Gas chamber gasket, 24. Quartz observation window, 25. Gas chamber cover, 26. Gas chamber fastening screw, 27. Waterproof and breathable membrane, 28. Catalyst. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0033] The present invention can be better understood according to the following embodiments, but is not limited in any form. It should be noted that, without departing from the concept of the present invention, the device can be modified and altered in several ways, which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 , a photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising a waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1, a pipeline 2, a circulation pump 3, a liquid storage bottle 4, a gas source 5, a flow controller 6, a gas collection and detector 7 and a light source 8;

[0035] The inlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 includes a first inlet A and a second inlet C, and the outlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 includes a first outlet B and a second outlet D. The first outlet B is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage bottle 4 through a pipeline 2, and the outlet of the liquid storage bottle 4 is connected to the first inlet A of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 through a circulation pump 3. The circulation pump 3 is used to transport the reaction liquid from the liquid storage bottle 4 through the first inlet A to the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 to participate in the photocatalytic reaction. The reaction liquid carries the liquid product generated by the photocatalytic reaction and flows out through the first outlet B and returns to the liquid storage bottle 4.

[0036] The gas source 5 is connected to the second inlet C of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 through the flow controller 6. The gas source 5 is used to provide reaction gas for the photocatalytic reaction. The reaction gas enters the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 through the second inlet C. The second outlet D of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 is connected to the gas collection and detector 7 through the pipeline 2, and carries the gas products generated by the photocatalytic reaction into the gas collection and detector 7 through the second outlet D.

[0037] The waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 is used to place catalysts and serve as a place for photocatalytic reactions to occur. The waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 includes a liquid chamber module 9, an air chamber module 10, a sealing gasket 11, a catalytic module 12, a fastening screw 13, and a fastening nut 14. The liquid chamber module 9 and the air chamber module 10 are both disc-shaped. The liquid chamber module 9 is provided with a first inlet A and a first outlet B, and the air chamber module 10 is provided with a second inlet C and a second outlet B. The catalytic module 12 is provided between the liquid chamber module 9 and the air chamber module 10, and both sides of the catalytic module 12 are sealed by a sealing gasket 11. For details, see Figure 2 , annular sealing gaskets 11 are respectively arranged between the catalytic module 12 and the liquid chamber module 9, and between the catalytic module 12 and the gas chamber module 10 for sealing; a number of through holes are evenly opened on the circumference of the liquid chamber module 9, the gas chamber module 10 and the two sealing gaskets 11, and the fastening screws 13 pass through the through holes and are connected with the fastening nuts 14 to realize the sealed assembly of the liquid chamber module 9, the gas chamber module 10 and the catalytic module 12.

[0038] See also Figure 3 In (a) and (b), the liquid chamber module 9 includes a liquid chamber cavity 15, a liquid chamber hollow screw 16, a liquid chamber gasket 17, a quartz illumination window 18, a liquid chamber cover 19 and a liquid chamber fastening screw 20, wherein the liquid chamber cavity 15 and the liquid chamber cover 19 are made of polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene or resin material; the liquid chamber cavity 15 is annular, and a threaded through hole is respectively opened at the top and the bottom, and the two threaded through holes are located on the same diameter. The two liquid chamber hollow screws 16 are respectively connected to the above-mentioned two threaded through holes, and are used to seal the connecting pipeline 2, which serve as the first inlet A and the first outlet C of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1 respectively; a number of threaded holes are evenly opened on the circumference of one side of the liquid chamber cavity 15, and a liquid chamber gasket 17, a quartz illumination window 18 and a liquid chamber cover plate 19 are sequentially arranged on this side of the liquid chamber cavity 15; the liquid chamber gasket 17 and the liquid chamber cover plate 19 are circular, and a number of through holes are evenly opened on their circumference; the liquid chamber fastening screws 20 pass through the through holes on the liquid chamber cover plate 19 and the liquid chamber gasket 17 in turn, and are connected to the threaded holes on the liquid chamber cavity 15 to realize the sealed assembly of the various components of the liquid chamber module 9.

[0039] See also Figure 4In (a) and (b), the air chamber module 10 includes an air chamber cavity 21, an air chamber hollow screw 22, an air chamber gasket 23, a quartz observation window 24, an air chamber cover 25 and an air chamber fastening screw 26, wherein the air chamber cavity 21 and the air chamber cover 25 are made of polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene or resin material; the air chamber cavity 21 is annular, and a threaded through hole is respectively opened at the bottom and the top, and the two threads are located on the same diameter. The two air chamber hollow screws 22 are respectively connected to the above-mentioned two threaded through holes for sealing the connecting pipe 2, respectively. Serving as the second inlet B and the second outlet D of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor 1; a number of threaded holes are evenly opened on the circumference of one side of the air chamber cavity 21, and an air chamber gasket 23, a quartz observation window 24 and an air chamber cover 25 are sequentially arranged on this side of the air chamber cavity 21; the air chamber gasket 23 and the air chamber cover 25 are circular, and a number of through holes are evenly opened on their circumference; the air chamber fastening screws 26 pass through the through holes on the air chamber cover 25 and the air chamber gasket 23 in turn, and are connected to the threaded holes on the air chamber cavity 21, so as to realize the sealed assembly of the various components of the air chamber module 10.

[0040] See also Figure 5 The catalytic module 12 includes a waterproof breathable membrane 27 and a catalyst 28 loaded on one side of the waterproof breathable membrane 27. The catalyst 28 is a photocatalyst such as titanium dioxide, carbon nitride, cadmium sulfide or oxide. The catalyst is loaded by spraying, dripping, brushing, screen printing or in-situ growth of the catalyst. The side of the waterproof breathable membrane loaded with the catalyst is placed toward the liquid chamber module 9.

[0041] Pipeline 2 is provided in the entire photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane, and is used to transport reaction liquid, liquid products generated by the photocatalytic reaction, reaction gas, and gas products generated by the photocatalytic reaction.

[0042] The gas source 5 is a gas cylinder or a gas generator, etc. The reaction gas provided by the gas source 5 is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, oxygen, hydrogen or argon.

[0043] The gas collection and detector 7 is used to collect and detect the gas products generated by the photocatalytic reaction, such as gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc.

[0044] The light source 8 is sunlight, a xenon lamp, an LED lamp, a mercury lamp, etc., and its illumination direction is directly toward the quartz illumination window 18 in the liquid chamber module 9 .

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The photocatalytic reaction system using the waterproof breathable membrane provided by the present invention is used to carry out a photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0047] 1) Spraying titanium dioxide (catalyst 28) slurry onto one side of the waterproof breathable membrane 27 and allowing it to dry naturally to obtain the catalytic module 12;

[0048] 2) According to Figure 3 As shown, the liquid chamber module 9 of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor is assembled, wherein the liquid chamber fastening screw 20 is screwed into the threaded hole corresponding to the liquid chamber cavity 15 using a tool to achieve a sealed assembly of the liquid chamber module 9;

[0049] 3) According to Figure 4 As shown, the air chamber module 10 of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor is assembled, wherein the air chamber fastening screws 26 are screwed into the corresponding threaded holes of the air chamber cavity 21 using a tool to achieve the sealed assembly of the air chamber module 10;

[0050] 4) According to Figure 2 As shown, the catalytic module 12 obtained in step 1, the liquid chamber module 9 obtained in step 2, and the gas chamber module 10 obtained in step 3 are assembled into a waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor, and the sealing assembly of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor is achieved by using fastening screws 13, fastening nuts 14, and sealing gaskets 11;

[0051] 5) Add an appropriate amount of deionized water into the liquid storage bottle 4 as the reaction liquid for the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction;

[0052] 6) The gas source 5 is a high-purity carbon dioxide gas cylinder, the light source 8 is a xenon lamp, the pipeline 2 is a polytetrafluoroethylene tube, and the gas collection and detector 7 is a gas chromatograph;

[0053] 7) Follow Figure 1 As shown, the various parts are connected to form a photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane;

[0054] 8) Turn on the circulation pump 3 and adjust the reaction liquid flow rate to 200 mL / min. Turn on the flow controller 6 and adjust the reaction gas flow rate to 5 mL / min. Turn on the xenon lamp light source 8 so that the illumination direction is directly facing the quartz illumination window 18 in the liquid chamber module 9.

[0055] 9) After 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours respectively, the gas products generated by the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction were detected using a gas collection and detector 7 (gas chromatography).

[0056] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0057] It should be noted that the above description and preferred embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the design concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may improve and modify the technical concept of the present invention in various forms, and such improvements and modifications should be understood to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane, characterized in that: It comprises a waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1), a liquid storage bottle (4), a gas source (5), a flow controller (6) and a gas collection and detector (7); The inlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1) includes a first inlet and a second inlet, and the outlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1) includes a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage bottle (4), and the outlet of the liquid storage bottle (4) is connected to the first inlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1); The gas source (5) is connected to the second inlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1), and the second outlet of the waterproof breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1) is connected to the gas collection and detector (7); The catalytic module (12) includes a waterproof and breathable membrane (27); The waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1) comprises a liquid chamber module (9), an air chamber module (10), a sealing gasket (11) and a catalytic module (12); wherein a first inlet and a first outlet are provided on the liquid chamber module (9), a second inlet and a second outlet are provided on the air chamber module (10), a catalytic module (12) is provided between the liquid chamber module (9) and the air chamber module (10), and both sides of the catalytic module (12) are sealed by the sealing gasket (11), and the liquid chamber module (9), the air chamber module (10) and the sealing gasket (11) are connected to the fastening nut (14) by a fastening screw (13).

2. The photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light source (8) is provided on one side of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1).

3. The photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the liquid storage bottle (4) is connected to the first inlet of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1) via a circulation pump (3).

4. The photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas source (5) is connected to the second inlet of the waterproof and breathable membrane photocatalytic reactor (1) via a flow controller (6).

5. The photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid chamber module (9) includes a liquid chamber cavity (15), a liquid chamber gasket (17), a quartz illumination window (18) and a liquid chamber cover (19), wherein a first inlet and a first outlet are provided on the liquid chamber cavity (15); a liquid chamber gasket (17), a quartz illumination window (18) and a liquid chamber cover (19) are provided in sequence on one side of the liquid chamber cavity (15); and the liquid chamber cover (19), the liquid chamber gasket (17) and the liquid chamber cavity (15) are connected via a liquid chamber fastening screw (20).

6. The photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air chamber module (10) comprises an air chamber cavity (21), an air chamber gasket (23), a quartz observation window (24) and an air chamber cover plate (25), wherein a second inlet and a second outlet are provided on the air chamber cavity (21); an air chamber gasket (23), a quartz observation window (24) and an air chamber cover plate (25) are sequentially provided on one side of the air chamber cavity (21); and the air chamber cover plate (25), the air chamber gasket (23) and the air chamber cavity (21) are connected via air chamber fastening screws (26).

7. The photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalytic module (12) further includes a catalyst (28) loaded on one side of the waterproof and breathable membrane (27), and the side of the waterproof and breathable membrane loaded with the catalyst is placed toward the liquid chamber module (9).

8. The photocatalytic reaction system using a waterproof and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas source (5) is a gas cylinder or a gas generator capable of providing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, oxygen, hydrogen or argon.

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