A fiber composite bionic composite structural component and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular to a fiber composite bionic composite structural component. The fiber composite bionic composite structural component has anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption properties, and is composed of an inner layer, an intermediate layer, and an outer layer; the inner layer is a buckling-inducing negative Poisson's ratio porous metal; the intermediate layer is a hollow cylindrical metal shell in contact with the porous metal; and the outer layer is a fiber composite layer wound on the hollow cylindrical metal shell. The fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption has a core of a negative Poisson's ratio porous metal structure that imitates the shape of the through holes inside a sea urchin spine, and an intermediate layer of a metal shell that imitates the growth ring shape of a sea urchin spine; the negative Poisson's ratio structure shrinks laterally when compressed and expands laterally when stretched, and the structure has better anti-kinking properties than a general porous structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular to a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with the functions of anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the aerospace field, the requirements for the anti-kinking, buffering and energy-absorbing components of its safety system are becoming higher and higher. A structure with good energy absorption can be widely used in the aerospace field, especially in the manufacture of aircraft engines. At present, there are many studies and reports on energy-absorbing components at home and abroad, mainly considering the strength and energy absorption performance. The common composite structure is composed of two layers of hollow tubes, such as the combination of the outer metal tube and the inner hollow metal tube, and the outer fiber composite tube and the inner hollow tube. With the continuous development of science and technology, scientific researchers are constantly inspired by nature and design some bionic materials and components with energy absorption function, and the research on multi-layer cylindrical bionic energy-absorbing components is involved.

[0003] Chinese patent CN102826060A provides an energy-absorbing tube with a bamboo-like structure. The invention is composed of a cylindrical outer tube, several constraint rings, several constraint walls and several constraint beams. Several constraint rings are arranged at equal intervals on the cylindrical outer tube. The constraint wall is cylindrical. Several constraint walls are sleeved in the cylindrical outer tube. Several constraint beams are arranged between the cylindrical outer tube and the constraint wall and between adjacent constraint walls. Each constraint beam is connected to two adjacent constraint walls by two support plates. The constraint beam is in the shape of a circular tube. The invention extracts the structural characteristic parameters that affect the energy absorption and load-bearing of bamboo materials based on the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the radial and axial directions of bamboo. The distribution law of bamboo nodes along the height of bamboo poles is obtained macroscopically, and the gradient distribution law of fiber bundles along bamboo green-bamboo flesh-bamboo yellow is obtained microscopically. According to the appearance morphology of discretely distributed bamboo nodes, the macroscopic structure of the bionic energy-absorbing tube is designed. According to the gradient distribution of radial fiber bundles of bamboo materials and the multilayer structure characteristics of cell walls, the internal structure of the bionic energy-absorbing tube is designed. In addition to improving axial energy absorption, the above structure can also improve its load-bearing capacity in the lateral direction. In addition, the invention also uses finite element simulation experiments to carry out simulation experiments.

[0004] Chinese patent CN102826062A provides an energy absorbing device, which consists of an expansion rod and an energy absorbing tube. The expansion rod is placed in the energy absorbing tube, the hardness of the convex part is greater than the hardness of the energy absorbing tube, the outer wall of the expansion rod is provided with a convex part, the outer diameter of the expansion rod at the convex part is greater than the inner diameter of the energy absorbing tube, and the expansion rod is clamped on the inner wall of the energy absorbing tube through the convex part. When a collision occurs, the expansion rod applies a force to the energy absorbing tube through the convex part, and the plastic deformation of the energy absorbing tube generates resistance to the impact, thereby achieving smooth energy absorption.

[0005] The energy-absorbing components commonly used at present are mostly composed of homogeneous materials, while it is difficult to manufacture composite structures using heterogeneous materials such as fiber composites and metals, and their anti-kinking and directional energy absorption properties still need to be improved. Therefore, how to provide a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with high anti-kinking and high directional energy absorption is a technical problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption functions to solve the defects of the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, which consists of an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer;

[0009] The inner layer is a buckling-inducing negative Poisson's ratio porous metal;

[0010] The middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal shell in contact with the porous metal;

[0011] The outer layer is a fiber composite layer wound around a hollow cylindrical metal shell.

[0012] Preferably, the inner layer is an elliptical through-hole metal structure imitating the inner layer structure of sea urchin spines, and the overall structure of the porous metal is composed of an alternating combination of transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes, the ratio of the short axis to the long axis of the elliptical holes is 1:1.8~7, the porosity is 43~92%, the pore-strut thickness between adjacent transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes is ≥0.5mm, and the pore short axis is 2~3 times the pore-strut thickness.

[0013] Preferably, the middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal shell in contact with the porous metal, the hollow cylindrical metal shell is a structure imitating the growth ring of sea urchin spines, the height is the same as the inner layer structure, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is 1.3 to 2 times the thickness of the inner layer pores.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the fiber composite layer is 1 / 10 to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the middle layer, and the height is the same as the inner layer structure;

[0015] The fiber composite material is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material.

[0016] Preferably, the metal in step (1) and the metal shell in step (2) are each independently made of aluminum alloy or steel.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) The inner layer and the middle layer are prepared by laser selective melting technology;

[0019] (2) The carbon fiber is immersed in epoxy resin to obtain carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin preimpregnated yarn, which is then wound into an intermediate layer. After curing, a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption is obtained.

[0020] Preferably, the process parameters of the laser selective melting technology are: scanning angle 50-70°, laser power 1500-2500W, scanning speed 10-14m / s, layer thickness 0.02-0.05mm, powder feeding rate 13-13.5g / min.

[0021] Preferably, the carbon fiber is immersed in the epoxy resin for 0.5 to 3 hours.

[0022] Preferably, the winding of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg yarn is to use the prepreg yarn to wind 4 to 16 layers with a cylindrical metal shell as a mold, which is divided into circumferential winding and spiral winding, wherein the circumferential winding is 2 to 8 layers, and the winding tension is 15 to 25N; the spiral winding is 2 to 8 layers, the winding angle is 13 to 17°, and the winding tension is 15 to 25N, and the circumferential winding and the spiral winding are alternately performed every 1 to 3 layers;

[0023] There is no particular order of precedence for hoop winding and spiral winding.

[0024] Preferably, the curing step is 70-100°C / 1.3-1.8h; 140-170°C / 1.5-2.5h; 80-100°C / 0.8-1.2h.

[0025] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention provides a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, wherein the core is a negative Poisson's ratio porous metal structure in the shape of a sea urchin thorn, and the middle layer is a metal shell in the shape of a growth ring of a sea urchin thorn; the negative Poisson's ratio structure shrinks laterally when compressed and expands laterally when stretched, and the structure has better anti-kinking performance than a general porous structure.

[0027] The outer layer structure of the present invention is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material shell, which is made by a winding process using an intermediate cylindrical metal shell as a core mold. This process can promote the heterogeneous connection strength between the fiber composite and the metal material, and also provides good protection for the inner layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption characteristics prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption characteristics prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the alternating transverse and longitudinal elliptical holes structure of the inner layer porous metal of the fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a performance comparison chart of the fiber composite hollow tube composite structural component prepared in Comparative Example 1 and the fiber composite bionic composite structural component prepared in Example 1.

[0033] 1. Inner porous metal structure, 2. Middle metal shell, 3. Outer fiber composite shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention provides a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, which consists of an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer;

[0035] The inner layer is a buckling-inducing negative Poisson's ratio porous metal;

[0036] The middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal shell in contact with the porous metal;

[0037] The outer layer is a fiber composite layer wound around a hollow cylindrical metal shell.

[0038] In the present invention, the inner layer is an elliptical hole through-hole metal structure imitating the inner layer structure of sea urchin spines, and the overall structure of the porous metal is composed of an alternating combination of transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes. The ratio of the short axis to the long axis of the elliptical holes is 1:1.8~7, preferably 1:5~6, the porosity is 43~92%, preferably 50~80%, the minimum pore-strut thickness between adjacent transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes is ≥0.5mm, preferably ≥1mmmm, and the short axis size of the hole is 2~3 times the pore-strut thickness, preferably 2.2~2.8 times.

[0039] In the present invention, the middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal shell in contact with the porous metal. The hollow cylindrical metal shell is a sea urchin thorn-like shell structure, with the same height as the inner layer structure, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is 1.3 to 2 times the thickness of the inner layer pores, preferably 1.5 to 1.8 times.

[0040] In the present invention, the fiber composite layer has a thickness of 1 / 10 to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the middle layer, preferably 1 / 5 to 1 / 3, and a height that is the same as the inner layer structure;

[0041] The fiber composite material is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material.

[0042] In the present invention, the metal in step (1) and the metal shell in step (2) are each independently made of aluminum alloy or steel, preferably aluminum alloy.

[0043] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) The inner layer and the middle layer are prepared by laser selective melting technology;

[0045] (2) The carbon fiber is immersed in epoxy resin to obtain carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin preimpregnated yarn, which is then wound into an intermediate layer. After curing, a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption is obtained.

[0046] In the present invention, the process parameters of the laser selective melting technology are: scanning angle 50-70°, preferably 55-65°, laser power 1500-2500W, preferably 1800-2200W, scanning speed 10-14m / s, preferably 11-13m / s, layer thickness 0.02-0.05mm, preferably 0.03-0.04mm, powder feeding rate 13-13.5g / min, preferably 13.1-13.3g / min.

[0047] In the present invention, the carbon fiber is immersed in the epoxy resin for 0.5 to 3 hours, preferably 1 to 2 hours.

[0048] In the present invention, the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg yarn is wound with a cylindrical metal shell as a mold for 4 to 16 layers, preferably 8 to 12 layers, and is divided into hoop winding and spiral winding, wherein the hoop winding is 2 to 8 layers, preferably 4 to 6 layers, and the winding tension is 15 to 25N, preferably 18 to 22N; the spiral winding is 2 to 8 layers, preferably 4 to 6 layers, the winding angle is 13 to 17°, preferably 14 to 16°, and the winding tension is 15 to 25N, preferably 18 to 22N, and the hoop winding and spiral winding are alternately performed every 1 to 3 layers, preferably 2 layers;

[0049] There is no particular order of precedence for hoop winding and spiral winding.

[0050] In the present invention, the curing steps are 70-100°C / 1.3-1.8h; 140-170°C / 1.5-2.5h; 80-100°C / 0.8-1.2h;

[0051] Preferred temperatures are 80-900°C / 1.4-1.6h; 155-165°C / 1.8-2.2h; 85-90°C / 0.9-1h.

[0052] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] A method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, comprising the following steps:

[0055] (1) The inner layer and the middle layer structure were prepared by laser selective melting technology. The process parameters were as follows: scanning angle 67°, laser power 2200 W, scanning speed 12 m / s, layer thickness 0.03 mm, powder feeding (316L stainless steel) rate 13.2 g / min. The auxiliary support was removed after preparation.

[0056] (2) Soak the carbon fiber in the resin liquid for 0.5 h, so that the resin can easily and fully infiltrate the carbon fiber to prepare carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg yarn. The prepreg yarn is wound with a cylindrical metal shell as a mold for 4 layers, including 2 layers of circumferential winding with a winding tension of 20N; 2 layers of spiral winding with a winding angle of 15° and a winding tension of 20N. The circumferential winding and spiral winding are performed alternately every 2 layers. After winding, it is cured at a process of 90℃ / 1.5h-140℃ / 2h-90℃ / 1h.

[0057] The inner layer of the obtained fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption is an elliptical hole metal (316L stainless steel) structure imitating the inner layer structure of sea urchin thorns, the porous structure is composed of alternating transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes, the ratio of the short axis to the long axis is 1:1.8, the porosity is 72%, the minimum pore-strut thickness between adjacent transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes is 0.5 mm, the short axis of the elliptical hole is 1 mm, and there are 6 units in the transverse direction and 6 units in the longitudinal direction on the cross-section diameter (each unit includes a transverse elliptical hole and a longitudinal elliptical hole, and the pore-strut between the two), the ellipse centers of the 6 units in the transverse (or longitudinal) direction of the cross-section are all on a straight line (that is, the angle between two adjacent units is 180°), and the angle between the longitudinal ellipse center line of the cross-section and the transverse ellipse center line is 90°;

[0058] The middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal (316L stainless steel) shell, the height of which is the same as that of the inner layer structure, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is 1.8 times the thickness of the inner layer pores and ridges;

[0059] The outermost layer is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material, which is in a hollow cylindrical shape and has a thickness of 1 / 2 of the thickness of the middle layer.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, comprising the following steps:

[0062] (1) The inner layer and the middle layer structure were prepared by laser selective melting technology. The process parameters were as follows: scanning angle 58°, laser power 1800 W, scanning speed 12 m / s, layer thickness 0.03 mm, powder feeding (steel powder) rate 13.2 g / min. After preparation, the auxiliary support was removed.

[0063] (2) Soak the carbon fiber in the resin liquid for 2 hours, so that the resin can be easily and fully impregnated into the carbon fiber to prepare the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg yarn. The prepreg yarn is wound with a cylindrical metal shell as a mold for 4 layers, including 2 layers of circumferential winding with a winding tension of 20N; 2 layers of spiral winding with a winding angle of 15° and a winding tension of 20N. The circumferential winding and spiral winding are alternated every 2 layers. After winding, it is cured at a process of 80℃ / 1.5h-160℃ / 2h-90℃ / 1h.

[0064] The inner layer of the obtained fiber composite heterogeneous component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption is an elliptical hole metal (316L steel) structure imitating the inner layer structure of sea urchin thorns. The porous structure is composed of alternating transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes. The ratio of the short axis to the long axis is 1:7, the porosity is 56%, and the minimum pore-strut thickness between adjacent transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes is 2 mm. There are 8 units in the transverse direction and 8 units in the longitudinal direction on the cross-section diameter (each unit includes a transverse elliptical hole and a longitudinal elliptical hole, as well as the pore-strut between the two). The ellipse centers of the 8 units in the transverse (or longitudinal) direction of the cross-section are all on a straight line (that is, the angle between two adjacent units is 180°), and the angle between the longitudinal ellipse center line of the cross-section and the transverse ellipse center line is 90°.

[0065] The middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal (316L stainless steel) shell, the height of which is the same as that of the inner layer structure, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is 1.6 times the thickness of the inner layer pores and ridges;

[0066] The outermost layer is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material, which is a hollow cylindrical shape and has a thickness of 1 / 10 of the thickness of the middle layer.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] A method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, comprising the following steps:

[0069] (1) The inner layer and the middle layer structure were prepared by laser selective melting technology. The process parameters were as follows: scanning angle 58°, laser power 1900 W, scanning speed 12 m / s, layer thickness 0.03 mm, powder feeding (aluminum powder) rate 13.2 g / min. After preparation, the auxiliary support was removed.

[0070] (2) Soak the carbon fiber in the resin solution for 1 hour, so that the resin can be easily and fully impregnated into the carbon fiber to prepare the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg yarn. The prepreg yarn is wound with a cylindrical metal shell as a mold for 16 layers, including 8 layers of circumferential winding with a winding tension of 20N; 8 layers of spiral winding with a winding angle of 15° and a winding tension of 20N. The circumferential winding and spiral winding are alternated every 2 layers. After winding, it is cured at a process of 70℃ / 1.5h-160℃ / 2h-90℃ / 1h.

[0071] The inner layer of the obtained fiber composite heterogeneous component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption is an elliptical hole metal (AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy) structure imitating the inner layer structure of sea urchin thorns. The porous structure is composed of alternating transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes. The ratio of the short axis to the long axis is 1:7, the porosity is 68%, the minimum pore-strut thickness between adjacent transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes is 2 mm, the short axis of the hole is 4 mm, and there are 10 units in the transverse direction and 10 units in the longitudinal direction on the cross-section diameter (each unit includes a transverse elliptical hole and a longitudinal elliptical hole, and the pore-strut between the two). The ellipse centers of the 10 units in the transverse (or longitudinal) direction of the cross-section are all on a straight line (that is, the angle between two adjacent units is 180°), and the angle between the longitudinal ellipse center line of the cross-section and the transverse ellipse center line is 90°;

[0072] The middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal (AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy) shell, the height of which is the same as that of the inner layer structure, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is twice the thickness of the inner layer pores and ridges;

[0073] The outermost layer is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material, which is in a hollow cylindrical shape and has a thickness of 1 / 2 of the thickness of the middle layer.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the inner core structure is not included, and a fiber composite hollow tube composite structural component is prepared.

[0076] like Figure 5As shown, the performance comparison of the fiber composite hollow tube composite structure component prepared in comparative example 1 and the fiber composite bionic composite structure component prepared in example 1, wherein the fiber composite hollow tube composite structure is composed of a fiber composite outer shell and a hollow steel tube inner layer in contact therewith, and the fiber composite bionic composite structure is the structure described in the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the fiber composite bionic composite structure described in the present invention has a torsional stiffness that is 4.28% higher than that of the fiber composite hollow tube composite structure.

[0077] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption, characterized in that: It consists of three parts: inner layer, middle layer and outer layer; The inner layer is a buckling-inducing negative Poisson's ratio porous metal; The middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal shell in contact with the porous metal; The outer layer is a fiber composite layer wound on a hollow cylindrical metal shell; The inner layer is an elliptical through-hole metal structure imitating the through-hole structure of the inner layer of sea urchin spines. The overall structure of the porous metal is composed of an alternating combination of transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes. The ratio of the short axis to the long axis of the elliptical holes is 1:1.8~7, the porosity is 43~92%, the thickness of the pore struts between adjacent transverse elliptical holes and longitudinal elliptical holes is ≥0.5mm, and the short axis of the pore diameter is 2~3 times the thickness of the pore struts. The middle layer is a hollow cylindrical metal shell in contact with the porous metal, the hollow cylindrical metal shell is a sea urchin spine growth ring structure, the height is the same as the inner layer structure, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is 1.3 to 2 times the thickness of the inner layer pore ridges; The thickness of the fiber composite material layer is 1 / 10 to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the middle layer, and the height is the same as the inner layer structure; the fiber composite material is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material.

2. The method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) The inner layer and the middle layer are prepared by laser selective melting technology; (2) The carbon fiber is soaked in epoxy resin to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg yarn, which is then wound into an intermediate layer. After curing, a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption is obtained.

3. The method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process parameters of the laser selective melting technology are: scanning angle 50~70°, laser power 1500~2500W, scanning speed 10~14m / s, layer thickness 0.02~0.05mm, and powder feeding rate 13~13.5g / min.

4. The method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The carbon fiber is immersed in the epoxy resin for 0.5 to 3 hours.

5. The method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption according to claim 4, characterized in that: Winding carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg yarn with a cylindrical metal shell as a mold for 4 to 16 layers, divided into hoop winding and spiral winding, wherein the hoop winding is 2 to 8 layers, the winding tension is 15 to 25N; the spiral winding is 2 to 8 layers, the winding angle is 13 to 17°, the winding tension is 15 to 25N, and the hoop winding and spiral winding are alternately performed every 1 to 3 layers; There is no particular order of precedence for hoop winding and spiral winding.

6. The method for preparing a fiber composite bionic composite structural component with anti-kinking and buffering energy absorption according to claim 2, characterized in that: The curing steps are 70-100°C / 1.3-1.8h; 140-170°C / 1.5-2.5h; 80-100°C / 0.8-1.2h.

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