A dry distillation and gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dry distillation and gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas, which can effectively solve the problems of uncontrollable hot gas temperature and composition, low energy efficiency and high cost in the prior art. The technical solution is that the furnace body is a bottle-shaped structure formed by lining refractory materials in two steel cylinders with different diameters that are closed at the top and bottom. The upper cylinder is in the shape of a bell, and its inner space constitutes the upper swirling dry distillation chamber and the lower dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber. The lower cylinder is composed of a conical cylinder connecting the lower cylindrical body, and its inner space constitutes the upper swirling gasification chamber and the lower gas swirling separation chamber. The gasification device of the present invention has an optimized structure that is stable, safe and compact, achieving excellent performance of high gasification efficiency, high gas quality, high controllability and adjustability, as well as energy conservation and environmental protection. It is a major innovation in the dry distillation and gasification device (furnace) that pursues stable and firm structure and excellent performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pulverized coal gasifier, in particular to a dry distillation gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas. Background Art

[0002] The device for preheating, dry distillation and gasification of pulverized coal gas flow (or called pulverized coal gasifier) is a thermal equipment for providing producer gas at appropriate high temperature (hereinafter referred to as hot gas), usually called hot gas producer. Due to environmental protection requirements, it was once stopped from being used, and producer gas was replaced by natural gas. However, with the improvement of pulverized coal gasification process and the huge demand for comprehensive utilization of coal, pulverized coal gasification devices and related technologies have still developed rapidly, especially large-scale coal gasification devices. Due to various reasons, the energy price has risen, especially the price of natural gas, which has become a constraint for the normal use of many heat utilization devices (such as various furnaces). Therefore, under the premise of meeting environmental protection standards, using high-quality pulverized coal to produce clean hot gas has become an effective means to replace natural gas and other fuels. In view of this, a novel pulverized coal gasification equipment is proposed, in which the swirling pulverized coal gas flow is dry-distilled by mixing and heating with warm reflux hot gas, and the combustion of dry-distilled gas further causes the pulverized coal to continue gasification - a dry distillation gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas (dry distillation gasification furnace with reflux gas heating), so as to meet the technical requirements of stable structure, safe operation, controllable hot gas temperature and composition, energy saving, high efficiency and low cost, and low pollutant emission. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above situation, to solve the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dry distillation gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas, which can effectively solve the problems of uncontrollable hot gas temperature and composition and high energy consumption, low efficiency and high cost in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution solved by the present invention is as follows: It includes a furnace body, which is a bottle-shaped structure formed by lining refractory materials in two steel cylinders with different diameters that are closed at the top and bottom. The upper cylinder is in the shape of a bell, and its inner space forms an upper swirling dry distillation chamber and a lower dry-distilled gas mixing and heating chamber. The lower cylinder is composed of a conical cylinder connecting to a lower cylindrical cylinder, and its inner space forms an upper combustion gasification chamber and a lower gas swirling separation chamber. The swirling dry distillation chamber, the dry-distilled gas mixing and heating chamber, the combustion gasification chamber, and the gas swirling separation chamber are connected in sequence from top to bottom.

[0005] The gasification device of the present invention has an optimized structure that is stable, safe and compact, achieving excellent performance of high gasification efficiency, high gas quality, high controllability and adjustability, as well as energy saving and environmental protection. It is a major innovation in the pursuit of stable and firm structure and excellent performance for dry distillation gasification devices (furnaces). Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] Figure 1 This is the main sectional view of the structure of the present invention.

[0007] Figure 2 This is the sectional view of the cyclone retorting chamber part of the structure of the present invention.

[0008] Figure 3 This is the sectional view of the retorted gas mixing and heating chamber of the structure of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 4 This is the sectional view of the gas cyclone separation chamber of the structure of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 5 This is the sectional view of the jet mixing gas inlet pipe of the structure of the present invention.

[0011] Among them, 1 is the wall of the cyclone retorting chamber, 1-1 is the cyclone retorting chamber, 1-2 is the pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing ring wall, 1-3 is the pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing ring channel, 1-4 is the pulverized coal gas inlet pipe, 1-5 is the regulating gas inlet pipe, 1-6 is the pulverized coal gas guiding ring groove, 1-7 is the return coal gas guiding ring groove, 1-8 is the upper return coal gas inlet pipe, 1-9 is the jet mixing gas inlet pipe, 1-10 is the retorted gas jet outlet; 2-1 is the lower return coal gas inlet pipe, 2-2 is the return coal gas distribution ring channel, 2-3 is the return coal gas outlet, 2-4 is the retorted gas mixing and heating chamber, 3 is the wall of the combustion and gasification chamber, 3-1 is the combustion and gasification chamber, 3-2 is the gas cyclone separation chamber, 3-3 is the internal heat coal gas collecting orifice, 3-4 is the internal heat coal gas collecting ring channel, 3-5 is the external heat coal gas collecting orifice, 3-6 is the external heat coal gas collecting ring channel, 3-5 is the hot coal gas outlet pipe, 3-7 is the central ash slag collecting pipe, 3-8 is the ring channel ash slag collecting pipe, 3-9 is the hot coal gas outlet pipe, 4-1 is the lower hot coal gas return pipe, 4-2 is the upper hot coal gas return pipe, 4-3 is the lower hot coal gas outlet pipe, 4-4 is the upper hot coal gas outlet pipe. Specific Embodiments

[0012] The following further elaborates on the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0013] As Figures 1-5 shown, the present invention includes a furnace body, which is a bottle-shaped structure formed by laying refractory materials in two steel cylinders with different diameters that are closed at the top and bottom. The upper cylinder is in the shape of a bell, and its internal space constitutes the upper cyclone retorting chamber 1-1 and the lower retorted gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4. The lower cylinder is composed of a conical cylinder connecting the lower cylindrical body, and its internal space constitutes the upper combustion and gasification chamber 3-1 and the lower gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2. The cyclone retorting chamber 1-1, the retorted gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4, the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1, and the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 are connected in sequence from top to bottom.

[0014] To ensure the usage effect, the refractory materials used for the furnace body masonry are, from the inside to the outside, heavy-duty temperature-resistant load-bearing materials, lightweight heat-insulating materials, ceramic fiber felts, and structural steel shells in sequence.

[0015] At the lower part of the cyclone retorting chamber 1-1, there is a pulverized coal gas flow inlet pipe 1-4 horizontally tangentially connected. The pulverized coal gas flow inlet pipe 1-4 is connected to the pulverized coal gas flow guiding ring groove 1-6. The pulverized coal gas flow guiding ring groove 1-6 is connected to the pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing annular channel 1-3. The pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing annular channel 1-3 is connected to the cyclone retorting chamber 1-1. The cyclone retorting chamber 1-1 is connected to the retorting gas ejection port 1-10 below it. The retorting gas ejection port 1-10 is connected to the retorting gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4 below it. The pulverized coal gas flow enters the pulverized coal gas flow guiding ring groove 1-6 through it. Under its guidance, a strongly swirling pulverized coal gas flow that is circumferentially uniform and rotates rapidly is formed, and under the guidance of the pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing annular channel 1-3, it swirls upward into the cyclone retorting chamber 1-1 and then swirls upward and turns back downward. At this time, under the heating action of the hot coal gas mixed gas flow coming down from the top of the cyclone retorting chamber, a retorting gas flow (the gas flow after the pulverized coal is retorted) is formed, and it flows downward through the retorting gas ejection port 1-10 into the retorting gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4.

[0016] The pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing annular channel 1-3 is in the shape of a rectangular cross-section with an open upper part, and its width affects the circumferential uniformity of the pulverized coal gas flow and the swirling intensity of the upward swirling gas flow.

[0017] To strengthen the preheating and guiding functions of the retorting chamber, a jet mixing gas introduction pipe 1-9 is arranged at the top of the cyclone retorting chamber 1-1. An adjustable air inlet pipe 1-5 is arranged at the top end of the jet mixing gas introduction pipe 1-9. A return coal gas introduction pipe 1-8 is horizontally tangentially arranged on the side wall and is connected to the return coal gas guiding ring groove 1-7 on the wall surface of the jet mixing gas introduction pipe 1-9. The adjustable air ejected by the adjustable air inlet pipe 1-5 entrains the hot coal gas flow introduced from the return coal gas introduction pipe 1-8 to form a high-temperature mixed gas flow that swirls downward and jets. Thus, it meets the upward strongly swirling pulverized coal gas flow in the cyclone retorting chamber 1-1 to form a swirling flow in a vortex shape (a rotating vortex structure), effectively strengthening the heat and mass transfer process of heating and retorting the pulverized coal gas flow (completing the heating and pulverized coal retorting of the first-stage coal gas return vortex flow), and at the same time also strengthening the swirling flow kinetic energy of the retorting gas flow flowing downward into the retorting gas ejection port 1-10.

[0018] The cross-sectional shape of the pulverized coal gas flow guiding ring groove 1-6 is arc-shaped and achieves a smooth transition with the tangentially connected pulverized coal gas flow inlet pipe 1-4, so as to improve the circumferential movement uniformity of the pulverized coal gas flow and reduce the disorder degree of the pulverized coal gas flow to reduce the movement resistance of the gas flow.

[0019] A return gas distribution loop 2-2 is provided in the cyclone retorting chamber wall 1 outside the retorted gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4. A lower return gas inlet pipe 2-1 is connected to the outside of the return gas distribution loop 2-2, and a plurality of horizontally inclined return gas outlets 2-3 that are circumferentially evenly distributed and communicate with the retorted gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4 are provided inside. Thus, the return hot gas is drawn into the retorted gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4 by the downward swirling flow kinetic energy of the retorted gas flow, and strong swirling mixing and heat transfer occur between them, forming a swirling retorted gas combustion gas flow and flowing downward into the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1 (to complete the secondary gas return, strong swirling heating of the retorted gas and pulverized coal).

[0020] The described combustion and gasification chamber 3-1 has an urn-shaped structure with an upper conical cylinder, a middle cylinder, and a lower conical cylinder, and its diameter is larger than that of the upper retorted gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4. Due to the swirling wall attachment effect, the swirling gas flow will form a central return vortex; this enables the retorted gas combustion gas flow flowing out from the retorted gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4 to form a strong swirling flow of the pulverized coal gas flow using the structure of the combustion and gasification chamber, so as to achieve sufficient residence, partial combustion, and sufficient gasification of the pulverized coal. Moreover, the transition from the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1 to the lower gas swirling separation chamber 3-2 is also a contracting conical cylinder, which strengthens the effect of the strong swirling flow.

[0021] The diameter of the gas swirling separation chamber 3-2 is smaller than the diameter of the middle cylinder of the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1. An internal heat gas collection loop 3-4 and an external heat gas collection loop 3-6 are concentrically arranged in the combustion and gasification chamber wall 3 and are connected through an external heat gas collection orifice 3-5. The internal heat gas collection loop 3-4 is connected to the gas swirling separation chamber 3-2 through an internal heat gas collection orifice 3-3. A hot gas outlet pipe 3-9 connected to the external heat gas collection loop 3-6 is provided on the outer wall surface of the combustion and gasification chamber wall 3; such a setting changes the structure of the gas flow field. Not only can the combustion gas flow in the gas swirling separation chamber 3-2 smoothly enter the internal heat gas collection loop 3-4 through the internal heat gas collection orifice 3-3, then enter the external heat gas collection loop 3-6 through the external heat gas collection orifice 3-5, and then enter the heat utilization equipment through the hot gas outlet pipe 3-9, but also the influence of the fluid flow in the hot gas outlet pipe 3-9 on the uniform swirling flow field structure in the gas swirling separation chamber 3-2 and the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1 is effectively reduced.

[0022] The internal heat gas collection orifice 3-3 and the external heat gas collection orifice 3-5 are rectangular-section orifices arranged horizontally in multiple levels up and down and evenly distributed in multiple circumferential orifices. The internal heat gas collection orifice 3-3 is arranged obliquely along the gas flow direction in the gas swirl separation chamber 3-2, and the inclination angle is 15°-25°, so as to form a swirling flow in the internal heat gas collection loop 3-4. The external heat gas collection orifice 3-5 is arranged radially along the loop of the gas swirl separation chamber 3-2. A loop slag collection pipe 3-8 vertically extending out of the furnace bottom is connected below the internal heat gas collection loop 3-4, and a central slag collection pipe 3-7 vertically extending out of the furnace bottom is arranged at the bottom of the gas swirl separation chamber 3-2. Such an arrangement feature of the internal and external heat gas collection orifices not only helps to evenly distribute the gas flow field in the combustion gasification chamber, is not affected by the flow of the internal heat gas in the internal heat gas outlet pipe 3-9, but also enables the pulverized coal ash slag in the swirling gas to move forward due to inertia and separate from the carrying gas flow (hot gas) when entering the internal heat gas collection orifice 3-3 (especially larger pulverized coal particles). In this way, the pulverized coal ash slag gradually accumulates at the furnace bottom by itself and is then regularly discharged from the central slag collection pipe 3-7. The same separation process also occurs between the internal heat gas collection loop 3-4 (where the gas flow is swirling due to the horizontal inclination of the internal heat gas collection orifice 3-3) and the external heat gas collection orifice 3-5, and the accumulated slag is regularly discharged by the loop slag collection pipe 3-8 arranged at the bottom of the internal heat gas collection loop 3-4.

[0023] The above-mentioned internal heat gas outlet pipe 3-9 is connected to the lower heat gas extraction pipe 4-3 vertically arranged above it and then connected to the lower heat gas return pipe 4-1. The lower heat gas return pipe 4-1 is respectively connected to the lower return gas inlet pipe 2-1 and the upper heat gas extraction pipe 4-4. The upper heat gas extraction pipe 4-4 is connected to the upper return gas inlet pipe 1-8 through the upper heat gas return pipe 4-2. The return of the hot gas is realized by vertically connecting the lower heat gas return pipe 4-1 and the upper heat gas return pipe 4-2. The lower heat gas return pipe 4-1 is vertically led out from the top of the internal heat gas outlet pipe 3-9 through the lower heat gas extraction pipe 4-3, and the upper heat gas return pipe 4-2 is vertically led upward from the top of the horizontal section of the lower heat gas return pipe 4-1 through the upper heat gas extraction pipe 4-4. Separately setting the hot gas return pipe can not only realize multi-stage return preheating, but also help to effectively control the return flow rate, and further effectively control the temperature and the components of the hot gas in the dry distillation gasification process.

[0024] The usage of the present invention is as follows: Air at a certain pressure (primary combustion-supporting air) carries powder and enters the tangential inlet pipe of the pulverized coal airflow, forming a uniform and strong swirling pulverized coal airflow in the pulverized coal airflow guiding ring groove 1-7 at the lower part of the pulverized coal airflow homogenization loop 1-3. Then, the swirling airflow leaves the pulverized coal airflow homogenization loop 1-3 upward and enters the swirling retorting chamber 1-1, continues to swirl upward and turns back at the arch top. At the same time, at the top of the jet mixing hot gas inlet pipe 1-9 at the top of the swirling retorting chamber 1-1, regulating airflows are ejected from the regulating air inlet pipe 1-5 and enter the jet mixing hot gas inlet pipe 1-9. Here, the high-temperature hot coal gas flow tangentially entering from the reflux hot coal gas inlet pipe 1-8 is entrained to form a high-temperature mixed swirling gas flow, and then swirls downward through the outlet of the jet mixing gas inlet pipe 1-9 and enters the swirling retorting chamber 1-1. Here, the downward high-temperature mixed gas flow meets the upward swirling pulverized coal airflow to form a strong vortex circulation state, so as to realize the mutual swirling flow mixing and heat transfer. The pulverized coal is heated to release volatile components (completing the first-stage coal gas reflux strong swirling heating of the pulverized coal to produce retort gas and the swirling pulverized coal airflow after completing or partially completing the retorting flows downward through the retort gas ejection port 1-10 with a contraction structure and enters the lower retort gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4. Due to the high-speed downward flow of the retorted pulverized coal airflow, it entrains the reflux hot coal gas entering from the lower reflux coal gas inlet pipe 2-1. It passes through the reflux coal gas distribution loop 2-2 and then enters the retort gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4 in a swirling flow manner through a plurality of horizontally inclined reflux coal gas outlet ports 2-3 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Here, strong swirling mixing and heat transfer occur between them, forming a swirling retort gas combustion airflow and flowing downward into the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 (completing the second-stage coal gas reflux strong swirling heating of the retort gas and the pulverized coal, generating partial combustion). In the combustion gasification chamber 3-1, under the guidance of strong swirling, the relatively high temperature causes the pulverized coal to retort and release volatile components and quickly complete combustion and heat release. At the same time, the retorted pulverized coal continues to complete endothermic gasification in an oxygen-deficient environment and releases gas (mainly CO). By controlling the respective flow rates of the pulverized coal airflow and the regulating airflow, a suitable reaction temperature in the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is maintained, enabling the pulverized coal airflow to achieve as full gasification as possible therein, and forming a high-temperature gas flow containing pulverized coal ash and a large amount of hot coal gas (mainly CO) and entering the gas swirling separation chamber 3-2. Here, after the combustion airflow swirls, it enters the internal heat coal gas collection orifice 3-3 and then enters the internal heat coal gas collection loop 3-4, and then enters the external heat coal gas collection orifice 3-5 and enters the external heat coal gas collection loop 3-6, and then flows out from the hot coal gas outlet pipe 3-9 and is transported to relevant heat utilization equipment and devices. Such a structural setting greatly weakens the influence of the fluid flow in the hot coal gas outlet pipe 3-9 on the uniform swirling flow field structure in the gas swirling separation chamber 3-2 and the combustion gasification chamber 3-1;More importantly, the inner heat gas collecting orifice 3-3 of the rectangular cross-section channel structure is made to have a circumferential inclination angle consistent with the gas swirling direction. At the same time, the multi-layer arrangement up and down and the uniform arrangement of circumferential multi-orifices can also make the gas flow in the inner heat gas collecting annular channel 3-4 perform a swirling motion, so that the remaining pulverized coal ash can be further separated by swirling; in this way, the pulverized coal ash will gradually accumulate at the bottom of the furnace by itself and then be regularly discharged from the ash discharge port 3-7; similarly, the accumulated ash is regularly discharged by the annular channel ash collecting pipe 3-8 arranged at the bottom of the inner heat gas collecting annular channel 3-4; in this way, the dust content of the hot gas is effectively controlled. There is a lower hot gas extraction pipe 4-3 vertically connected to the upper part of the hot gas extraction pipe 3-9 to extract a part of the hot gas upward, enter the connected lower return gas introduction pipe 2-1, and enter the dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber 2-4 to complete the heating of the dry distillation gas and pulverized coal; there is an upper hot gas extraction pipe 4-4 connected to the upper part of the turning pipe section of the lower hot gas return pipe 4-1, so that a part of the return hot gas enters the upper hot gas return pipe 4-2 above it, turns upward and is connected to the return hot gas introduction pipe 1-8; the jet mixing gas introduction pipe 1-9 is a tapered pipe with a gradually shrinking cross-section. A tubular gradually shrinking regulating air inlet pipe 1-5 is installed at the center of its top. There is an upper return hot gas introduction pipe 1-8 tangentially cut into its side and smoothly connected to the return pulverized coal gas guiding annular groove 1-7 on its wall. Here, under the jet action of the high-speed air in the regulating air inlet pipe 1-5, the hot gas (hot gasified gas) in the side return hot gas introduction pipe 1-8 quickly swirls into the jet mixing gas introduction pipe 1-9, and after mutual mixing, it enters the swirling dry distillation chamber 1-1 downward. The structural shapes of the regulating air inlet pipe 1-4 and the jet mixing gas introduction pipe 1-9, as well as the diameter of the return hot gas introduction pipe 1-8, etc., all determine the inflow rate of the returned high-temperature hot gas. The separate setting of the hot gas return pipe can not only achieve multi-stage return preheating, but also help to effectively control the return flow rate, and thus effectively control the temperature and the components of the hot gas in the dry distillation and gasification process.;

[0025] In the implementation process of the present invention, by means of the regulation and control of the pulverized coal air flow and the regulating air flow, as well as the regulation and control of the flow rate of the recirculating hot gas, high-temperature hot gas or high-temperature flue gas (hot gas stream not mainly containing combustible gas) required by the heat utilization equipment can be generated, effectively meeting the specific requirements of the furnace equipment. Since the device works in a closed and nearly adiabatic state, and the air volume and gas volume can be effectively controlled during the dry distillation and gasification process, its performance characteristics are necessarily energy-saving, efficient and have strong process adaptability; since there is no coal tar generation in the dry distillation and gasification process with high-temperature self-precombustion, relatively clean high-temperature gas is generated, which can replace various gas fuels such as natural gas on relevant furnaces; moreover, the entire process of preheating dry distillation and combustion gasification strictly controls the air volume and the temperature in the control device, and there will be no excessive nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated, and its environmental protection and low pollutant emission characteristics are particularly prominent; the device is strictly designed to meet the technical requirements, emphasizing technological innovation, compact and reasonable structure, and appropriate material selection, effectively ensuring the stability and safety of its structure.

[0026] The present invention is a new dry distillation and gasification structure integrating the advanced technologies of various pulverized coal dry distillation and gasification devices. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0027] a) A unique pulverized coal air flow homogenization loop is adopted to achieve rapid circumferential air flow uniform distribution and swirling upward in a strong swirling manner;

[0028] b) A unique swirling dry distillation chamber structure is designed, and combined with the downward swirling jet formed by ejecting and recirculating hot gas at the top of the dry distillation chamber, it forms a high-intensity vortex (rotating vortex ring) flow together with the swirling upward pulverized coal air flow, so as to achieve more sufficient and uniform mixing, preheating and rapid dry distillation of the pulverized coal air flow;

[0029] c) The gasification combustion chamber structure with a small diameter at both ends and a large diameter in the middle makes the air flow have a recirculation flow in the central part, so as to facilitate the full residence, partial combustion and full gasification of the pulverized coal air flow;

[0030] d) The structure of using a double collection loop to lead out the air flow realizes the effective separation, uniform collection and smooth derivation of the hot gas air flow and ash slag on the basis of not affecting the internal flow field structure of the combustion gasification chamber.

[0031] It should be noted that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is used to illustrate the specific implementation manner of the present invention, rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any technical solution that is essentially the same as the present invention made by using equivalent means belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry distillation and gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas, comprising a furnace body, characterized in that, The furnace body is a bottle-shaped structure formed by laying refractory materials in two steel cylinders with different diameters that are closed at the top and bottom. The upper cylinder is in the shape of a bell, and its inner space forms the upper swirling dry distillation chamber (1-1) and the lower dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4). The lower cylinder is composed of a conical cylinder connecting the lower cylindrical body, and its inner space forms the upper combustion and gasification chamber (3-1) and the lower gas swirling separation chamber (3-2). The swirling dry distillation chamber (1-1), the dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4), the combustion and gasification chamber (3-1), and the gas swirling separation chamber (3-2) are connected in sequence from top to bottom. A reflux gas distribution ring channel (2-2) is provided in the wall of the swirling dry distillation chamber (1) outside the dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4). The outer side of the reflux gas distribution ring channel (2-2) is connected to a lower reflux gas inlet pipe (2-1), and a plurality of horizontally inclined reflux gas outlets (2-3) that are circumferentially evenly distributed and communicate with the dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4) are provided on the inner side. Thus, the reflux hot gas is drawn into the dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4) by the downward swirling flow kinetic energy of the dry distillation gas, and strong swirling mixing and heat transfer occur between them, forming a swirling dry distillation gas combustion gas flow and flowing downward into the combustion and gasification chamber (3-1). The combustion and gasification chamber (3-1) is an urn-shaped structure with an upper conical cylinder, a middle cylindrical body, and a lower conical cylinder, and its diameter is larger than that of the upper dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4). The swirling gas flow will form a central reflux vortex by using the swirling wall attachment effect. This enables the dry distillation gas combustion gas flow flowing out of the dry distillation gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4) to form a strong swirling flow of the pulverized coal gas flow by using the structure of the combustion and gasification chamber, so as to achieve the full residence, partial combustion, and full gasification of the pulverized coal. Moreover, the transition from the combustion and gasification chamber (3-1) to the lower gas swirling separation chamber (3-2) is also a contracting conical cylinder, which strengthens the effect of the strong swirling flow.

2. The dry distillation and gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refractory materials laid in the furnace body are, from the inside to the outside, heavy-duty temperature-resistant load-bearing materials, lightweight heat-insulating materials, ceramic fiber felts, and structural steel shells.

3. The dry distillation and gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower part of the described cyclone retorting chamber (1-1) is provided with a pulverized coal gas flow inlet pipe (1-4) horizontally tangentially connected, the pulverized coal gas flow inlet pipe (1-4) is communicated with the pulverized coal gas flow guiding ring groove (1-6), the pulverized coal gas flow guiding ring groove (1-6) is communicated with the pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing annular channel (1-3), the pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing annular channel (1-3) is communicated with the cyclone retorting chamber (1-1), the cyclone retorting chamber (1-1) is communicated with the retorting gas jet outlet (1-10) below it, and the retorting gas jet outlet (1-10) is communicated with the retorting gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4) below it; the pulverized coal gas flow enters the pulverized coal gas flow guiding ring groove (1-6) through it, forms a strongly swirling pulverized coal gas flow that is circumferentially uniform and rotates rapidly under its guidance, and is guided by the pulverized coal gas flow homogenizing annular channel (1-3) to swirl upward into the cyclone retorting chamber (1-1) and then swirl upward and turn back downward; at this time, it is heated by the hot coal gas mixed gas flow coming from the top of the cyclone retorting chamber to form a retorting gas flow, which flows downward through the retorting gas jet outlet (1-10) into the retorting gas mixing and heating chamber (2-4).

4. The dry distillation and gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling and refluxing hot gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the described cyclone retorting chamber (1-1) is provided with a jet mixing gas introduction pipe (1-9), the top of the jet mixing gas introduction pipe (1-9) is provided with an adjusting air inlet pipe (1-5), and a reflux coal gas introduction pipe (1-8) is horizontally tangentially arranged on the side wall and is communicated with the reflux coal gas guiding ring groove (1-7) on the wall of the jet mixing gas introduction pipe (1-9); the adjusting air jetted by the adjusting air inlet pipe (1-5) entrains the hot coal gas flow introduced from the upper reflux coal gas introduction pipe (1-8) to form a high-temperature mixed gas flow swirling downward and jetting, so it meets the upward strongly swirling pulverized coal gas flow in the cyclone retorting chamber (1-1) to form a swirling flow in a vortex shape, effectively strengthening the heat and mass transfer process of heating and retorting of the pulverized coal gas flow, and at the same time also strengthening the swirling flow kinetic energy of the retorting gas flow flowing downward into the retorting gas jet outlet (1-10).

5. The dry distillation gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling reflux hot gas according to claim 3, wherein, The cross-sectional shape of the described pulverized coal gas flow guiding ring groove (1-6) is arc-shaped and realizes a smooth transition with the tangentially connected pulverized coal gas flow inlet pipe (1-4), so as to improve the uniformity of the pulverized coal gas flow moving along the circumference and reduce the disorder degree of the pulverized coal gas flow to reduce the movement resistance of the gas flow.

6. The dry distillation and gasification device for staged heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling and refluxing hot gas according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the described gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2) is smaller than the diameter of the middle cylinder of the combustion gasification chamber (3-1). An internal heat coal gas collection loop (3-4) and an external heat coal gas collection loop (3-6) are concentrically arranged within the wall (3) of the combustion gasification chamber and are connected through an external heat coal gas collection orifice (3-5). The internal heat coal gas collection loop (3-4) is connected to the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2) through an internal heat coal gas collection orifice (3-3). A hot coal gas outlet pipe (3-9) connected to the external heat coal gas collection loop (3-6) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the wall (3) of the combustion gasification chamber. Such a setting changes the structure of the gas flow field. Not only can the combustion gas flow in the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2) smoothly enter the internal heat coal gas collection loop (3-4) through the internal heat coal gas collection orifice (3-3), then enter the external heat coal gas collection loop (3-6) through the external heat coal gas collection orifice (3-5), and then enter the heat utilization equipment through the hot coal gas outlet pipe (3-9), but also the influence of the fluid flow in the hot coal gas outlet pipe (3-9) on the uniform cyclone flow field structure in the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2) and the combustion gasification chamber (3-1) is effectively reduced.

7. The dry distillation and gasification device for pulverized coal swirl reflux hot gas staged heating and temperature control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The described internal heat coal gas collection orifice (3-3) and external heat coal gas collection orifice (3-5) are rectangular cross-section orifices arranged in multiple horizontal layers up and down and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction with multiple orifices. The internal heat coal gas collection orifice (3-3) is arranged obliquely along the gas flow direction in the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2), and the inclination angle is 15°-25° to form a swirling flow in the internal heat coal gas collection loop (3-4). The external heat coal gas collection orifice (3-5) is arranged radially along the loop of the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2). A loop ash slag collection pipe (3-8) vertically extending out of the furnace bottom is connected below the internal heat coal gas collection loop (3-4). A central ash slag collection pipe (3-7) vertically extending out of the furnace bottom is arranged at the bottom of the gas cyclone separation chamber (3-2). Such an arrangement feature of the internal and external heat coal gas collection orifices not only helps the uniform distribution of the gas flow field in the combustion gasification chamber, is not affected by the hot coal gas flow in the hot coal gas outlet pipe (3-9), but also enables the pulverized coal ash slag in the swirling gas to be separated from the carrying gas flow due to inertia when entering the internal heat coal gas collection orifice (3-3). In this way, the pulverized coal ash slag gradually accumulates at the furnace bottom by itself and is then regularly discharged from the central ash slag collection pipe (3-7). The same separation process also occurs between the internal heat coal gas collection loop (3-4) and the external heat coal gas collection orifice (3-5), and the accumulated ash slag is regularly discharged by the loop ash slag collection pipe (3-8) arranged at the bottom of the internal heat coal gas collection loop (3-4).

8. The dry distillation and gasification device for grading heating and temperature control of pulverized coal swirling and refluxing hot gas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The described hot gas outlet pipe (3-9) is connected to the lower hot gas return pipe (4-1) through the lower hot gas extraction pipe (4-3) vertically arranged above it. The lower hot gas return pipe (4-1) is respectively connected to the lower return gas inlet pipe (2-1) and the upper hot gas extraction pipe (4-4). The upper hot gas extraction pipe (4-4) is connected to the upper return gas inlet pipe (1-8) through the upper hot gas return pipe (4-2). The separate setting of the hot gas return pipe can not only achieve multi-stage reflux preheating, but also help to effectively control the reflux amount, and further effectively control the temperature of the dry distillation gasification process and the components of the hot gas.

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