A method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of a tailings pond

Abstract

The application discloses a dam seepage drainage and reinforcement method for a tailing pond, which comprises a reinforcement part and a seepage drainage part; the reinforcement part and the seepage drainage part are arranged on two sides of an initial dam respectively; the reinforcement part is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the initial dam to reinforce the initial dam, so as to improve the upper limit of the bearing water pressure and the upper limit of the accumulated dam pressure; the seepage drainage part is arranged on the outer side of the initial dam to reinforce the outer side of the initial dam and improve the seepage drainage effect of the initial dam. The initial dam is improved by the reinforcement part and the seepage drainage part. When the tailing pond is filled with water, the water pressure generated by the rising water level and the accumulated dam pressure generated by the tailing slag accumulation will generate pressure on the initial dam. The reinforcement part can effectively improve the upper limit of the bearing water pressure and the upper limit of the accumulated dam pressure. After the water storage, in addition to the seepage drainage of the initial dam, the seepage drainage part arranged on the outer side can also assist in the seepage drainage, so as to relieve the pressure of the initial dam, improve the seepage drainage efficiency and reduce the risk of dam collapse.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of seepage drainage and dam reinforcement of tailings pond, and more particularly to a seepage drainage and dam reinforcement method for tailings pond. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tailings pond is a dangerous source of debris flow with high potential energy. Once the dam breaks, it will cause serious casualties, property losses and adverse social impacts. According to research, the harm of tailings dam accidents ranks 18th among the world's 93 accidents and hidden dangers. The accident caused by tailings dam break is more serious than aviation accidents and fires, and direct casualties of more than 100 people caused by tailings dam break occur from time to time, such as a particularly serious tailings dam break. In addition, the tailings, flood and a large amount of heavy metals and toxic and harmful substances formed after the tailings dam break will cause different degrees of damage to life, property, resources and environment in the surrounding area.

[0003] In the traditional dam reinforcement method, the seepage drainage structure is complex and inefficient, the reinforcement structure and seepage drainage structure are not convenient to install, and the construction and construction period is long. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a seepage drainage and dam reinforcement method for tailings pond to at least partially solve the problems in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] A series of simplified concepts are introduced in the summary section, which will be further described in detail in the specific embodiment section. The summary section of the present application does not mean to attempt to limit the key features and necessary technical features of the claimed technical solution, and does not mean to attempt to determine the protection scope of the claimed technical solution.

[0005] To at least partially solve the above problems, the present application provides a seepage drainage and dam reinforcement method for tailings pond, comprising: a reinforcement part and a seepage drainage part; the reinforcement part and the seepage drainage part are respectively arranged on both sides of the initial dam.

[0006] The reinforcement part is located inside and outside the initial dam, and reinforces the initial dam to improve the upper limit of the bearing water pressure and the accumulated dam pressure.

[0007] The seepage drainage part is located outside the initial dam, and is used to reinforce the outside of the initial dam to improve the seepage effect of the initial dam.

[0008] Preferably, the initial dam is a permeable rockfill dam.

[0009] Preferably, the reinforcement part comprises a non-woven geotextile layer, a filter layer and a mortar protection layer arranged in sequence on the inner surface of the initial dam; and a concrete plate layer arranged on the outer surface of the initial dam.

[0010] Preferably, the seepage drainage part comprises seepage drainage spikes and a water collecting channel; the seepage drainage spikes extend through the concrete slab layer to the inside of the initial dam, the interval between two adjacent seepage drainage spikes is 0.8-1.2 m, and the water collecting channel is arranged at the bottom of the concrete slab layer and is provided with a filter screen at the connection with the initial dam for filtering tailings.

[0011] Preferably, the seepage drainage spike comprises a hollow tube and a core material, the core material is arranged in the hollow tube, and the end of the core material is tapered by a hollow spike head component.

[0012] The core material is a high-strength and high-water-permeability material prepared by mixing concrete aggregate and gel material at a ratio of 1:2.8-1:3.5.

[0013] The concrete aggregate comprises cement, microsilica, silica powder, water and water reducing agent.

[0014] Preferably, the concrete slab layer is provided with mounting holes for mounting the seepage drainage spikes, the mounting holes extend to the inside of the initial dam, the seepage drainage spikes are horizontally inserted into the mounting holes through a horizontal stepper, the seepage drainage spikes and the mounting holes are in interference fit, the seepage drainage spikes are provided with cold shrink devices, and the cold shrink devices are arranged at the apertures of the mounting holes.

[0015] Preferably, the horizontal stepper comprises a support frame, a plurality of support plates, a stepping hammer and a transfer device; the support frame is provided with a support slide and a transfer slide, the transfer slide is below the support slide; the support plates are provided with support wheels at both sides, the support wheels are arranged on the support slide, and the support wheels selectively abut against the transfer device; the transfer device is arranged on the transfer slide and is used for transferring the support plates separated from the seepage drainage spikes to one side of the stepping hammer to provide support for the stepping hammer; the stepping hammer is arranged at one end of the support frame, the end of the seepage drainage spike enters from one end of the support frame, and sequentially penetrates through the support plates to abut against the stepping hammer.

[0016] Preferably, the stepping hammer comprises a driving device, an impact rod, a limiting plate and a hammer head; the driving device is arranged at the end of the support frame, the limiting plate is arranged in the support frame, the impact rod is connected with the driving device and penetrates through the limiting plate, the hammer head is arranged at the end of the impact rod, the impact rod abuts against the end of the seepage drainage spike through the hammer head, the limiting plate selectively abuts against the support plate, and the impact rod selectively penetrates through the support plate.

[0017] Preferably, the hammer head comprises an impact plate, a mounting plate, a plurality of transmission members and a release ring; the mounting plate is annular and arranged at the end of the impact rod, the transmission members are annularly arranged at the edge of the mounting plate, the impact plate is circular, the mounting plate is connected with the impact plate through the plurality of transmission members, the release ring is an elastic member and arranged between the impact plate and the mounting plate, the transmission members are connected with the release ring through a pull rod, and the transmission members comprise a connecting shaft, two impact connecting rods and two mounting connecting rods; one end of the impact connecting rod is connected with the connecting shaft in a shaft manner, the other end of the impact connecting rod is connected with the impact plate in a shaft manner, one end of the mounting connecting rod is connected with the connecting shaft in a shaft manner, and the other end of the mounting connecting rod is connected with the mounting plate in a shaft manner; one end of the pull rod is connected with the release ring, and the other end of the pull rod is connected with the connecting shaft in a shaft manner.

[0018] Preferably, the cold shrink device comprises a refrigeration device, a refrigeration pipe and a heat preservation pipe; the drainage spike is inserted into the mounting hole after sequentially penetrating through the refrigeration pipe and the heat preservation pipe, the inner walls of the refrigeration pipe and the heat preservation pipe are both provided with supporting rollers, the inner diameters of the refrigeration pipe and the heat preservation pipe are both greater than the diameter of the drainage spike, the inside of the heat preservation pipe is provided with heat preservation cotton, the refrigeration pipe is annularly provided with a contact, the contact abuts against the outer wall of the drainage spike, and the refrigeration device is connected with the contact.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] In the face of the long construction period, complex structure, low drainage efficiency and other disadvantages of the traditional tailing pond drainage dam method, the initial dam is improved through the reinforcing part and the drainage part, the reinforcing part is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the initial dam, the water pressure generated by the rising water level and the accumulation dam formed by the accumulation of tailings when the tailing pond is storing water will generate pressure on the initial dam, the reinforcing part can effectively improve the upper limit of the bearing water pressure and the upper limit of the accumulation dam pressure, after storing water, in addition to the initial dam which can drain, the drainage part arranged on the outer side can also assist in drainage, so as to relieve the pressure of the initial dam, improve the drainage efficiency and reduce the risk of dam collapse, thereby guaranteeing the safety of people's life and property, the production safety and economic safety of enterprises, and comprehensively improving the reliability of the tailing pond operation.

[0021] The tailing pond drainage dam method has other advantages, objects and characteristics of the present application, which will be embodied in part through the following description, and will be understood by those skilled in the art through research and practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and are meant to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the seepage drainage spike in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation of the seepage drainage spike in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application.

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hammer head in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application. Figure 3 Enlarged view of A in FIG. 6 (schematic diagram of the hammer head after passing through the support plate).

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal stepper in the present application (schematic diagram of the hammer head after passing through the support plate).

[0028] Figure 6 Front view of the horizontal stepper in the present application.

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the transition of the support plate to the other side by the transfer device in the present application.

[0030] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hammer head in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application.

[0031] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hammer head in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application. Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hammer head in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application.

[0032] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hammer head in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application. Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hammer head in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application.

[0033] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cold shrink device in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application (arrow direction is the insertion direction of the seepage drainage spike).

[0034] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cold shrink device in the method for seepage drainage and dam consolidation of tailings pond according to the present application (arrow direction is the insertion direction of the seepage drainage spike). Figure 11 View of the other side (arrow direction is the insertion direction of the seepage drainage spike).

[0035] In the diagram: 1 Initial dam, 2 Non-woven geotextile layer, 3 Filter layer, 4 Masonry protective layer, 5 Concrete slab, 51 Mounting hole, 6 Drainage nail, 61 Hollow pipe, 62 Core material, 7 Water collection channel, 8 Horizontal stepper, 81 Support frame, 82 Support plate, 83 Stepping hammer, 831 Drive device, 832 Impact rod, 833 Limiting plate, 84 Transfer device, 85 Support slide, 86 Transfer slide, 87 Support wheel, 9 Hammer head, 91 Impact plate, 92 Mounting plate, 93 Transmission component, 931 Connecting shaft, 932 Impact connecting rod, 933 Mounting connecting rod, 94 Release ring, 95 Tie rod, 10 Cold shrink device, 101 Refrigeration pipe, 102 Insulation pipe, 103 Contact. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0037] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0038] like Figures 1-12 As shown, the present invention provides a method for seepage drainage and dam reinforcement of a tailings dam, comprising: a reinforcement section and a seepage drainage section; the reinforcement section and the seepage drainage section are respectively disposed on both sides of an initial dam 1;

[0039] The reinforcement is located on the inner and outer sides of the initial dam 1, and reinforces the initial dam 1 to increase the upper limit of bearing water pressure and dam pressure.

[0040] The drainage section is located outside the initial dam 1 and is used to reinforce the outside of the initial dam 1 and improve the drainage effect of the initial dam 1.

[0041] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution: Addressing the drawbacks of traditional tailings dam reinforcement and drainage methods, such as long construction cycles, complex structures, and low drainage efficiency, this invention improves the initial dam 1 through reinforcement and drainage sections. Firstly, reinforcement sections are installed on the inner and outer sides of the initial dam 1. During tailings dam impoundment, the rising water level and the pressure exerted by the tailings slag accumulation on the initial dam 1 will exert pressure. The reinforcement sections can effectively increase the upper limit of the water pressure and the upper limit of the dam pressure. After impoundment, in addition to basic drainage from the initial dam 1, the drainage sections on the outer side can also assist in drainage, thereby alleviating pressure on the initial dam 1, improving drainage efficiency, and reducing the risk of dam failure. This ensures the safety of people's lives and property, the production safety and economic security of enterprises, and comprehensively improves the reliability of tailings dam operation.

[0042] In one embodiment, the initial dam 1 is a permeable rockfill dam. The reinforcement part includes a non-woven geotextile layer 2, a filter layer 3 and a mortar protection layer 4 arranged on the inner surface of the initial dam 1 in sequence; and a concrete slab layer 5 arranged on the outer surface of the initial dam 1. The drainage part includes drainage spikes 6 and a catchment channel 7; the drainage spikes 6 extend through the concrete slab layer 5 to the inside of the initial dam 1, the interval between adjacent two drainage spikes 6 is 0.8m-1.2m, and the catchment channel 7 is arranged at the bottom of the concrete slab layer 5, and a filter screen is arranged at the connection between the catchment channel 7 and the initial dam 1 for filtering tailings. The drainage spike 6 includes a hollow tube 61 and a core material 62, the core material 62 is arranged in the hollow tube 61, and the end of the core material 62 is tapered by a hollow spike head component; the core material 62 is a high-strength and high-permeability material prepared by mixing concrete aggregate and gel material at a ratio of 1:2.8-1:3.5; the components of the concrete aggregate include cement, microsilica, silica powder, water and water reducing agent. The concrete slab layer 5 is provided with mounting holes 51 for mounting the drainage spikes 6, and the mounting holes 51 extend to the inside of the initial dam 1,

[0043] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: after the initial dam 1 is constructed according to the construction requirements, the pre-prepared concrete slab layer 5 made of gel material with good permeability and high strength is laid and installed on the outside of the gravel layer of the initial dam 1 (permeable rockfill dam).

[0044] When the drainage spike 6 is prepared, a hollow spike head component is first installed at the end of the hollow tube 61, then the core material 62 made of gel material with good permeability and high strength is poured into the hollow tube 61, after the core material 62 is dried and reaches the strength requirement, the hollow spike head component is removed, and a drainage spike 6 with a tapered end is obtained, then the drainage spike 6 is nailed into the mounting hole 51 reserved in the concrete slab layer 5, so as to further reinforce the initial dam 1 and the concrete slab layer 5.

[0045] The drainage spike 6 realizes the reinforcement of the initial dam 1 and the concrete slab layer 5, and in the process of draining the initial dam 1, the core material 62 realizes the auxiliary drainage effect by its water absorption characteristics. The reinforcement effect and the drainage capacity are improved, and the reliability of the tailings pond operation is improved. The catchment channel 7 for drainage is laid at the bottom of the initial dam 1, so as to further realize drainage and prevent water accumulation from corroding the initial dam 1. A filter screen is arranged at the connection between the catchment channel 7 and the initial dam 1 for filtering tailings.

[0046] The material of the concrete slab layer 5 is consistent with that of the core material 62, and both are concrete materials made of gel material with good permeability and high strength.

[0047] The drainage pegs 6 are inserted into the installation holes 51 every 0.8-1.2 m, the length of the drainage pegs 6 is determined by the dam width of the initial dam 1, and the drainage pegs 6 are arranged in layers and horizontally equidistantly. The inner diameter of the hollow tube 61 is 3.5 cm, and the outer diameter is 4.2 cm.

[0048] In one embodiment, the drainage pegs 6 and the installation holes 51 are in interference fit, and the drainage pegs 6 are inserted into the installation holes 51 by the horizontal stepper 8.

[0049] The horizontal stepper 8 comprises a support frame 81, a plurality of support plates 82, a stepping hammer 83 and a transfer device 84; the support frame 81 is provided with a support slide 85 and a transfer slide 86, the transfer slide 86 is located below the support slide 85; the support plates 82 are provided with support wheels 87 on both sides, the support wheels 87 are arranged on the support slide 85, and the support wheels 87 selectively abut against the transfer device 84, the transfer device 84 is arranged on the transfer slide 86, and the transfer device 84 is used to transfer the support plates 82 separated from the drainage pegs 6 to one side of the stepping hammer 83 to provide support for the stepping hammer 83; the stepping hammer 83 is arranged at one end of the support frame 81, the end of the drainage peg 6 enters from one end of the support frame 81, and sequentially penetrates the support plates 82 to abut against the hammer head 9. The stepping hammer 83 comprises a driving device 831, an impact rod 832, a limiting plate 833 and a hammer head 9; the driving device 831 is arranged at the end of the support frame 81, the limiting plate 833 is arranged in the support frame 81, the impact rod 832 is connected with the driving device 831 and penetrates the limiting plate 833, and the hammer head 9 is arranged at the end of the impact rod 832; the impact rod 832 abuts against the end of the drainage peg 6 through the hammer head 9, the limiting plate 833 selectively abuts against the support plate 82, and the impact rod 832 selectively penetrates the support plate 82.

[0050] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: because the length of the drainage pegs 6 is determined by the width of the initial dam 1, and the core material 62 of the drainage pegs 6 is formed by pouring and solidification, it is easy to break. Because interference fit is required between the drainage pegs 6 and the installation holes 51, otherwise it cannot fix the initial dam 1, in order to insert the drainage pegs 6 with an outer diameter of 4.2 cm and a length of more than 1 m into the installation holes 51 along the horizontal direction without damage, the horizontal stepper 8 is required to support the drainage pegs 6 and gradually insert them into the installation holes 51.

[0051] First, the end of the drainage spike 6 is inserted from one end of the support frame 81, then sequentially through several support plates 82 and abuts with the hammer head 9 of the stepping hammer 83, at this time all the support plates 82 are located on one side of the hammer head 9 and are arranged at intervals. Next, taking the example of inserting the drainage spike 6 from right to left into the installation hole 51, the support frame 81 and the support plate 82 are both provided with through holes for passing through and supporting the drainage spike 6, and a detachable sheath is also sleeved on the drainage spike 6, as shown in Figure 4 , to avoid the drainage spike 6 from shaking relative to the through holes of the support frame 81 and the support plate 82 when the hammer head 9 impacts, and to avoid the core material 62 from being damaged.

[0052] Then the tapered end of the drainage spike 6 is inserted into the installation hole 51, and the stepping hammer 83 is started. The driving device 831 can drive the impact rod 832 to reciprocate and gradually advance in the direction of the initial dam 1. For example, when starting, the driving device 831 will drive the hammer head 9 to move for the first time through the impact rod 832, from point a to the left to impact the drainage spike 6 to point b, so that the end of the drainage spike 6 moves from point a to point b, and then the hammer head 9 is reset to the right to point a.

[0053] The second movement is that the hammer head 9 moves from point a to the left to impact the drainage spike 6 to point c, so that the end of the drainage spike 6 moves from point b to point c, and then the hammer head 9 is reset to the right to point b.

[0054] The third movement is that the hammer head 9 moves from point b to the left to impact the drainage spike 6 to point d, so that the end of the drainage spike 6 moves from point c to point d, and then the hammer head 9 is reset to the right to point c. And so on.

[0055] To achieve gradual and progressive impact, the impact force is reduced by splitting the impact into multiple and progressive impacts, thereby reducing the damage to the core material 62. While the hammer head 9 moves to the left step by step, the transfer device 84 also moves to the left synchronously. For example, when the hammer head 9 moves from point a to the left to point b for the first time, the transfer device 84 moves to point a; when the hammer head 9 moves from point a to the left to point c for the second time, the transfer device 84 moves to point b, and so on.

[0056] When the end of the drainage spike 6 is knocked out of the through hole of the first support plate 82, the sheath thereon can be removed, at this time the support wheel 87 of the support plate 82 will abut with the transfer device 84, the transfer device 84 includes a motor and a transmission wheel, the surface of the transmission wheel has a large friction force, when the motor of the transfer device 84 is started, the transmission wheel will prop up the support wheel 87 from the left side and transfer it to the right side, to realize the transition of the support plate 82, as shown in Figure 7The side wall of the support plate 82 is provided with a spring above the support wheel 87. When the support wheel 87 of the support plate 82 is located on the support slide 85, the spring can play a role in shock absorption for the drainage spike 6, and also play a role in shock absorption when the support plate 82 transitions from left to right (or from right to left) and over the transmission wheel of the transfer device 84. Because the through hole of the support frame 81 and the support plate 82 has a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the drainage spike 6, and needs to be fixed by a sheath, there is enough space for the support plate 82 to transition without hitting the impact rod 832. The diameter of the hammer head 9 and the impact rod 832 is smaller than the diameter of the through hole on the support frame 81 and the support plate 82. The limiting plate 833 can prevent the support plate 82 from hitting the support frame 81 after transition.

[0057] The horizontal stepper 8 can ensure that the drainage spike 6 is supported in the horizontal direction and that the hammer head 9 can effectively impact the end face of the drainage spike 6 in the axial direction, avoiding damage to the core material 62 due to the force direction deviating from the center axis of the drainage spike 6. At the same time, the horizontal stepper 8 uses a small number of multiple step-by-step impact methods to reduce the force of the hammer head 9 on the drainage spike 6, effectively reducing the risk of fragmentation of the core material 62. The support plate 82 can support the drainage spike 6 before transition and protect the impact rod 832 passing through the through hole after transition, avoiding safety accidents caused by the impact rod 832 being exposed.

[0058] In one embodiment, the hammer head 9 includes an impact plate 91, a mounting plate 92, a plurality of transmission members 93, and a release ring 94. The mounting plate 92 is annular and is arranged at the end of the impact rod 832. The transmission member 93 is annular and is arranged at the edge of the mounting plate 92. The impact plate 91 is circular. The mounting plate 92 is connected to the impact plate 91 through a plurality of transmission members 93. The release ring 94 is an elastic member and is arranged between the impact plate 91 and the mounting plate 92. The transmission member 93 is connected to the release ring 94 through a pull rod 95. The transmission member 93 includes a connecting shaft 931, two impact connecting rods 932, and two mounting connecting rods 933. One end of the impact connecting rod 932 is connected to the connecting shaft 931. The other end of the impact connecting rod 932 is connected to the impact plate 91. One end of the mounting connecting rod 933 is connected to the connecting shaft 931. The other end of the mounting connecting rod 933 is connected to the mounting plate 92. One end of the pull rod 95 is connected to the release ring 94. The other end of the pull rod 95 is connected to the connecting shaft 931.

[0059] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: in order to further reduce the rigid impact of the hammer head 9 on the drainage spike 6, the hammer head 9 adopts a flexible contact structure design. When the hammer head 9 contacts the drainage spike 6, the impact plate 91 first abuts against the end of the drainage spike 6. Then, with the continuous movement of the hammer head 9, the distance between the impact plate 91 and the mounting plate 92 is compressed. When the impact plate 91 hits the drainage spike 6, the impact connecting rod 932 and the mounting connecting rod 933 rotate relative to the connecting shaft 931. With the folding of the impact connecting rod 932 and the mounting connecting rod 933, the connecting shaft 931 moves outward, thereby pulling the release ring 94 through the pull rod 95. At this time, the energy generated by the abutment of the impact plate 91 on the drainage spike 6 can be converted into the elastic potential energy of the release ring 94, so as to reduce the rigid impact on the end of the drainage spike 6. When the distance between the impact plate 91 and the mounting plate 92 becomes smaller and smaller, the diameter of the release ring 94 becomes larger and larger. With the increase of the diameter of the release ring 94 and the relative movement of the impact plate 91 and the mounting plate 92, the enlarged release ring 94 can play a role in shock absorption and buffering, reducing the rigid impact between the impact plate 91 and the mounting plate 92. With the pushing of the impact rod 832, the mounting plate 92 pushes the release ring 94, the release ring 94 pushes the impact plate 91, and finally the impact force provided by the impact rod 832 is transferred to the drainage spike 6. Because the end surface of the drainage spike 6 contacts the impact plate 91, the uniformity of the stress can be ensured. When the hammer head 9 is reset, the release ring 94 is also reset. Because the movement distance and speed of the mounting plate 92 are controlled by the impact rod 832, the elastic potential energy of the release ring 94 is transmitted to the drainage spike 6 again through the impact plate 91 to release stress, so that the drainage spike 6 can be continuously stressed. Thus, while reducing the rigid impact of the hammer head 9 on the drainage spike 6, the stress time of the drainage spike 6 is increased, so as to increase the insertion efficiency of the drainage spike 6.

[0060] In one embodiment, the drainage spike 6 is provided with a cold shrinking device 10 arranged at the hole opening of the mounting hole 51. The cold shrinking device 10 comprises a refrigeration device, a refrigeration pipe 101 and a heat preservation pipe 102. The drainage spike 6 is sequentially inserted into the mounting hole 51 through the refrigeration pipe 101 and the heat preservation pipe 102. The inner walls of the refrigeration pipe 101 and the heat preservation pipe 102 are provided with supporting rollers. The inner diameters of the refrigeration pipe 101 and the heat preservation pipe 102 are larger than the diameter of the drainage spike 6. The inside of the heat preservation pipe 102 is provided with heat preservation cotton. The refrigeration pipe 101 is annularly provided with a contact 103 abutting against the outer wall of the drainage spike 6. The refrigeration device is connected with the contact 103.

[0061] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: because the interference fit is formed between the drainage spike 6 and the mounting hole 51, in order to make the drainage spike 6 have a larger insertion stroke in the mounting hole 51 with the smallest impact force, the cold shrink device 10 is further arranged on the drainage spike 6, the refrigeration pipe 101 and the heat preservation pipe 102 are sleeved outside the drainage spike 6, and the outer wall of the drainage spike 6 can not slide relative to the inner walls of the heat preservation pipe 102 and the refrigeration pipe 101 through the supporting roller, so that the friction force of the drainage spike 6 during insertion is avoided to be increased, when the horizontal stepper 8 impacts the drainage spike 6, the contact 103 is contacted on the side wall of the hollow pipe 61 of the drainage spike 6, the refrigeration device is started, because the hollow pipe 61 is made of metal material and has good cold conduction, the point contact mode of the contact 103 can also reduce the friction force generated between the contact 103 and the hollow pipe 61, after the refrigeration device is started, the contact 103 transmits cold energy to the hollow pipe 61, so that the outer diameter of the hollow pipe 61 can be reduced, the tolerance between the outer diameter of the drainage spike 6 and the hole diameter of the mounting hole 51 is reduced, the friction force between the drainage spike 6 and the mounting hole 51 is reduced, so that the drainage spike 6 can move a farther distance under the same stress, the heat preservation pipe 102 can provide heat preservation for the drainage spike 6 after refrigeration, the recovery time of the drainage spike 6 is increased, so that the horizontal stepper 8 has more sufficient time to insert the drainage spike 6 into the mounting hole 51. The cold shrink device 10 can locally cool the part about to be inserted by the drainage spike 6, so that energy waste is avoided.

[0062] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0063] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection or communication with each other; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] While embodiments of the application have been disclosed in connection with the above specification and drawings this description is not intended to limit the scope of the application and many modifications, enhancements, alternatives, and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the application not be limited to the described embodiments, but that it include all variations falling within the scope of the claims, and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for seepage drainage and dam stabilization in tailings ponds, characterized in that, include: The reinforcement section and the drainage section are respectively located on both sides of the initial dam (1); The reinforcement is located inside and outside the initial dam (1) to reinforce the initial dam (1) and increase the upper limit of bearing water pressure and dam pressure. The drainage section is located outside the initial dam (1) and is used to reinforce the outside of the initial dam (1) and improve the drainage effect of the initial dam (1); The reinforcement includes a non-woven geotextile layer (2), a filter layer (3), and a masonry protective layer (4) sequentially disposed on the inner surface of the initial dam (1); and a concrete slab layer (5) disposed on the outer surface of the initial dam (1). The drainage section includes drainage nails (6) that penetrate the concrete slab (5) and extend into the interior of the initial dam (1). The concrete slab (5) is provided with mounting holes (51) for installing drainage nails (6). The mounting holes (51) extend into the interior of the initial dam (1). The drainage nails (6) are horizontally inserted into the mounting holes (51) by a horizontal stepper (8). The drainage nails (6) and the mounting holes (51) are interference fit. The drainage nails (6) are provided with a cold shrinkage device (10). The cold shrinkage device (10) is located at the opening of the mounting holes (51).

2. The method for seepage drainage and dam stabilization of tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial dam (1) is a permeable rockfill dam.

3. The method for seepage drainage and dam stabilization of tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage section includes a water collection channel (7); the interval between two adjacent drainage nails (6) is 0.8m to 1.2m, the water collection channel (7) is set at the bottom of the concrete slab (5), and a filter screen is set at the connection between the water collection channel (7) and the initial dam (1) for filtering tailings slag.

4. The method for seepage drainage and dam stabilization of tailings ponds according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drainage nail (6) includes a hollow tube (61) and a core material (62). The core material (62) is disposed inside the hollow tube (61), and the end of the core material (62) is formed into a cone shape through a hollow nail head component. The core material (62) is a high-strength, highly permeable material made by mixing concrete aggregate and gel material in a ratio of 1:2.8 to 1:3.

5. The components of concrete aggregate are cement, silica fume, silica powder, water, and water-reducing agent.

5. The method for seepage drainage and dam stabilization of tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal stepper (8) includes a support frame (81), several support plates (82), a stepping hammer (83), and a transfer device (84); the support frame (81) is provided with a support slide (85) and a transfer slide (86), the transfer slide (86) being located below the support slide (85); support wheels (87) are provided on both sides of the support plates (82), the support wheels (87) are mounted on the support slides (85), and the support wheels (87) selectively engage with the transfer device. The transfer device (84) is located on the transfer slide (86). The transfer device (84) is used to transfer the support plate (82) that has been separated from the drainage nail (6) to one side of the stepping hammer (83) to provide support for the stepping hammer (83). The stepping hammer (83) is located at one end of the support frame (81). The end of the drainage nail (6) enters from one end of the support frame (81), passes through the support plate (82) in sequence, and then abuts against the stepping hammer (83).

6. The method for seepage drainage and dam stabilization of tailings ponds according to claim 5, characterized in that, The stepping hammer (83) includes a drive device (831), an impact rod (832), a limiting plate (833), and a hammer head (9). The drive device (831) is located at the end of the support frame (81), the limiting plate (833) is located inside the support frame (81), the impact rod (832) is connected to the drive device (831) and passes through the limiting plate (833), the hammer head (9) is located at the end of the impact rod (832), the impact rod (832) abuts against the end of the drainage nail (6) through the hammer head (9), the limiting plate (833) selectively abuts against the support plate (82), and the impact rod (832) selectively passes through the support plate (82).

7. The method for seepage drainage and dam stabilization of tailings ponds according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hammer (9) includes an impact plate (91), a mounting plate (92), several transmission components (93), and a release ring (94). The mounting plate (92) is annular and is disposed at the end of the impact rod (832). The transmission components (93) are annularly disposed at the edge of the mounting plate (92). The impact plate (91) is circular. The mounting plate (92) is connected to the impact plate (91) via several transmission components (93). The release ring (94) is an elastic element disposed between the impact plate (91) and the mounting plate (92). The transmission components (93) are connected to the impact plate (91) via a pull rod (95). The release ring (94) is connected, and the transmission component (93) includes a connecting shaft (931), two impact connecting rods (932) and two mounting connecting rods (933); one end of the impact connecting rod (932) is connected to the connecting shaft (931), and the other end of the impact connecting rod (932) is connected to the impact plate (91); one end of the mounting connecting rod (933) is connected to the connecting shaft (931), and the other end of the mounting connecting rod (933) is connected to the mounting plate (92); one end of the pull rod (95) is connected to the release ring (94), and the other end is connected to the connecting shaft (931).

8. The method for seepage drainage and dam stabilization of tailings ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling and shrinking device (10) includes a refrigeration device, a refrigeration pipe (101), and an insulation pipe (102); the drainage nail (6) passes through the refrigeration pipe (101) and the insulation pipe (102) in sequence and is inserted into the mounting hole (51). The inner walls of the refrigeration pipe (101) and the insulation pipe (102) are provided with support rollers. The inner diameters of the refrigeration pipe (101) and the insulation pipe (102) are both larger than the diameter of the drainage nail (6). The insulation pipe (102) is provided with insulation cotton inside. The refrigeration pipe (101) is provided with a contact (103) in a ring shape. The contact (103) abuts against the outer wall of the drainage nail (6). The refrigeration device is connected to the contact (103).

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