Undercutting device, shield machine and undercutting method

Abstract

The application discloses an expansion device, a shield machine and an expansion method, and relates to the field of shield machines.The expansion device comprises a shield body, a cutter head, a driving mechanism which is located in the shield body and connected with the cutter head, and a moving mechanism which is installed in the shield body and connected with the driving mechanism.The moving mechanism can drive the driving mechanism and the cutter head to move along an expansion direction so that the cutter head forms an expansion state.The driving mechanism is further connected with the shield body through an anti-overturning mechanism.The driving mechanism and the cutter head connected therewith are driven by the moving mechanism to move along the expansion direction and form the expansion state, so that the possibility of the shield machine being stuck due to the convergence of surrounding rock can be reduced, and the problem of insufficient turning capacity can be solved.Meanwhile, the axial direction of the driving mechanism is limited by the anti-overturning mechanism, so that the stability and safety of the driving mechanism and the cutter head in the expansion state are ensured, and the risk of the cutter head being tilted is avoided.Therefore, the safety and efficiency of the shield machine construction can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering construction technology, and in particular, to a widening excavation device, a tunnel boring machine, and a widening excavation method. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunneling has been widely used due to its advantages such as high efficiency, safety, and minimal impact on the surrounding environment. With the increasing application of tunnel construction technology, shield tunneling machines have developed rapidly. During shield tunnel construction, shield tunneling machines encounter complex and varied geological conditions, and numerous tunnel construction projects are constantly emerging that pass through lithological strata. Simultaneously, to avoid increasingly dense buildings surrounding the construction tunnel, small-radius curved tunnels are becoming more common.

[0003] When tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are operating in rocky strata, the large thrust required for penetration results in significant cutterhead disturbance and cutter wear. Furthermore, the gap between the surrounding rock and the TBM gradually narrows due to the deformation caused by the surrounding rock, eventually exceeding the excavation clearance and coming into contact with the TBM. If the frictional force from the converging surrounding rock exceeds the thrust provided by the TBM's propulsion cylinders, the surrounding rock and the shield may seize during excavation, preventing the machine from seizing even with maximum thrust or the hinge receiving return force. The tunnel boring machine (TBM) is prone to jamming accidents that prevent it from moving forward or backward. In addition, because the thrust of the TBM comes from the reaction force between the propulsion cylinder and the tunnel lining segments, it is more likely to encounter jamming problems compared to full-face tunnel boring machines that use support shoes to apply reaction force to the tunnel perimeter, and it is more difficult to get out of the jamming. At the same time, due to terrain limitations, the TBM construction process often involves routes with small curvatures, and problems such as insufficient turning ability or head-down problems often occur. Therefore, the TBM needs to excavate the surrounding soil when tunneling on small curves, turning, or correcting deviations.

[0004] In current tunnel construction, jamming accidents are often solved by increasing the thrust of the propulsion cylinder or by radially injecting bentonite into the shield shell through the shield shell bentonite support around the shield shell to reduce the friction between the shield and the soil, but the results are not satisfactory. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a widening excavation device, a tunnel boring machine (TBM), and a widening excavation method to solve the technical problems of current TBMs, such as jamming accidents caused by excessively small widening gaps due to surrounding rock convergence during tunneling, and insufficient turning ability or head-down accidents when conducting TBM construction on routes with small curvature.

[0006] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] This invention provides a widening excavation device, comprising: a shield body; a cutterhead located in front of the shield body; a drive mechanism located inside the shield body and connected to the cutterhead, the drive mechanism being used to drive the cutterhead to excavate forward; a moving mechanism installed inside the shield body and connected to the drive mechanism, the moving mechanism being able to drive the drive mechanism and the cutterhead to move along the widening excavation direction so that the cutterhead forms a widening excavation state; and an anti-overturning mechanism, the drive mechanism also being connected to the shield body through the anti-overturning mechanism.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, the anti-overturning mechanism includes a first limiting structure, which is disposed on the inner side of the shield body. The driving mechanism is provided with a first slide rail. The first limiting structure cooperates with the first slide rail and is connected to the driving mechanism through a second locking structure. When the second locking structure is unlocked, the first limiting structure and the first slide rail can slide relative to each other in any direction within the plane of the cutterhead.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a front driving flange, an intermediate ring, and a rear driving flange. The intermediate ring is connected between the front driving flange and the rear driving flange and cooperates to form the first slide rail. The first limiting structure is connected to the rear driving flange through the second locking structure.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first limiting structure includes a front limiting ring, a middle limiting ring, and a rear limiting ring. The front limiting ring and the rear limiting ring are connected to the shield body, and the middle limiting ring is connected between the front limiting ring and the rear limiting ring. The anti-overturning mechanism further includes a second limiting structure. The second limiting structure is disposed at the rear end of the rear limiting ring, and a second slide is formed between the second limiting structure and the rear limiting ring. The rear driving flange cooperates with the second slide, and the rear driving flange can slide in any direction within the plane of the cutterhead within the second slide.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present invention, the front limiting ring is installed on the inner side of the shield body through a front partition, the rear limiting ring is installed on the inner side of the shield body through a rear partition, a soil chamber is formed between the front partition and the cutterhead, and a sealing structure is provided between the first limiting structure and the first slide.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present invention, the sealing structure includes a front airbag seal, a rear airbag seal, and a finger seal. The front drive flange and the front limiting ring are sealed and slidably fitted by the front airbag seal. The rear drive flange and the rear limiting ring are sealed and slidably fitted by the rear airbag seal. The intermediate limiting ring and the intermediate ring are sealed and slidably fitted by the finger seal.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, the excavation device further includes a slag discharge mechanism, which includes a slag conveying structure and a tie rod. The input end of the slag conveying structure is connected to the lower part of the front partition and communicates with the soil bin. One end of the tie rod is hinged to the upper part of the rear partition, and the other end of the tie rod is hinged to the slag conveying structure.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present invention, the anti-overturning mechanism includes a plurality of anti-overturning cylinders, and the rear end of the drive mechanism is connected to the shield body through the plurality of anti-overturning cylinders.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present invention, the anti-overturning mechanism further includes a support beam, which is fixed to the upper part of the shield body. One end of the plurality of anti-overturning cylinders is hinged to the support beam, and the other end of the plurality of anti-overturning cylinders is hinged to the drive mechanism. The anti-overturning cylinders can extend and retract along their axial direction and swing in any direction to adapt to the movement of the drive mechanism.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present invention, the cutter head has a first direction and a second direction orthogonally arranged in its plane. The moving mechanism includes a first moving structure and a second moving structure. The first moving structure is movably arranged along the first direction, and the second moving structure is movably arranged along the second direction. The first moving structure and the second moving structure cooperate to drive the driving mechanism to move in any direction in the plane of the cutter head.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first moving structure includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, which are arranged along the first direction and spaced apart around the driving mechanism; the second moving structure includes a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders, which are arranged along the second direction and spaced apart around the driving mechanism.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present invention, both the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder include a cylinder body and a piston rod. The cylinder body is installed on the inner side of the shield body and is connected to a hydraulic pump. One end of the piston rod is in a sealed sliding fit with the cylinder body, and the other end of the piston rod is connected to the drive mechanism. In the excavation state, the piston rod is locked and fixed to the cylinder body by a first locking structure.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of high-pressure flushing structures are installed on the shield body, and the plurality of high-pressure flushing structures are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shield body. The high-pressure flushing structures are used to spray high-pressure water to flush away the surrounding rock in contact with the shield body.

[0020] The present invention also provides a tunnel boring machine, including the above-mentioned widening excavation device.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for widening excavation, comprising the following steps: when the surrounding rock on one side of the shield converges, the moving mechanism drives the driving mechanism and the cutterhead to move toward that side, so that the cutterhead widens the excavation on the side where the surrounding rock converges; and / or when the shield turns to one side, the moving mechanism drives the driving mechanism and the cutterhead to move toward that side, so that the cutterhead widens the excavation on the side where the turn is; and / or when the shield climbs an upward slope, the moving mechanism drives the driving mechanism and the cutterhead to move upward, so that the cutterhead widens the excavation above it.

[0022] The features and advantages of this invention are:

[0023] The excavation device, tunnel boring machine (TBM), and excavation method of this invention movably install the drive mechanism inside the shield body via a moving mechanism. This moving mechanism then drives the drive mechanism and its connected cutterhead to move towards the side where the surrounding rock converges, causing the cutterhead to excavate and form an excavation face that expands along the converging side of the surrounding rock. This increases the gap between the shield body and the converging side of the surrounding rock, thereby reducing the possibility of the TBM jamming due to rock convergence. Furthermore, by moving the drive mechanism towards the turning side, the TBM's turning capability is increased, solving the problem of insufficient turning capability when excavating tunnels with small curve radii. Therefore, this invention ensures the safety and efficiency of TBM construction, reduces the labor intensity of workers, saves construction costs, and improves economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the excavation device in this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the excavation device in this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the rear shield body of the middle shield in this invention.

[0028] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of section I in the middle.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism and the moving mechanism in this invention.

[0030] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the hydraulic cylinder in this invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder in this invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base of the hydraulic cylinder in this invention.

[0033] Figure 9 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of section II in the middle.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the support beam of the anti-overturning mechanism in this invention.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the second limiting structure in this invention.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the rear limiting ring in this invention.

[0037] Figure 13 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the excavation device in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 Enlarged view of section III in the image.

[0039] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of anti-overturning blocks in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge device in this invention.

[0041] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 Enlarged view of section IV.

[0042] In the picture:

[0043] 100. Shield body; 101. Front and middle shield body; 102. Middle and rear shield body; 103. Tail shield body; 111. Front bulkhead; 112. Rear bulkhead; 113. Front shell of front and middle shields; 114. Connecting base plate; 115. Connecting seat; 116. Rear shell of front and middle shields; 117. Soil chamber; 118. Personnel chamber; 119. Material chamber; 126. High-pressure flushing structure; 127. Flange cover; 128. Gasket; 129. Connecting flange; 130. Connecting bolts; 131. Flushing pipeline; 132. Bottom plate of front and middle shields; 133. Bottom plate of middle shield rear; 134. Bottom plate of tail shield; 135. Hinged seal; 136. Hinged cylinder;

[0044] 200. Cutter head;

[0045] 300. Drive mechanism; 301. Front drive flange; 302. Intermediate ring; 303. Rear drive flange; 304. Hydraulic cylinder connecting lug; 305. First slide rail; 306. Seal;

[0046] 400. Moving mechanism; 401. First moving structure; 402. Second moving structure; 403. Hydraulic cylinder; 404. Top right hydraulic cylinder; 405. Upper right hydraulic cylinder; 406. Lower right hydraulic cylinder; 407. Lower right hydraulic cylinder; 408. Lower left hydraulic cylinder; 409. Lower left hydraulic cylinder; 410. Upper left hydraulic cylinder; 411. Top left hydraulic cylinder; 412. Connecting screw; 413. Cylinder body; 414. Oil pipe joint; 415. Piston rod; 416. First locking structure; 417. Locking nut; 418. Hydraulic pump; 419. Hydraulic oil pipe; 420. Base;

[0047] 500. Slag discharge mechanism; 501. Slag conveying structure; 502. Tie rod; 503. First hinge seat; 504. Second hinge seat;

[0048] 600. Anti-tipping mechanism; 601. Support beam; 602. Outrigger; 603. Anti-tipping cylinder lug seat; 604. Connecting flange; 605. Anti-tipping cylinder; 104. First limiting structure; 105. Second limiting structure; 106. Second slide rail; 107. Second locking structure; 108. Front limiting ring; 109. Middle limiting ring; 110. Rear limiting ring; 120. Sealing structure; 121. Front airbag seal; 122. Rear airbag seal; 123. Finger seal; 124. Pressure block; 125. Pressure screw; 137. Limiting block; 138. First upper limit block; 139. Second upper limit block; 140. First lower limit block; 141. Second lower limit block; 142. Connecting bolt; 143. Sealing airbag; 144. Air nozzle; 145. Pressure bolt; 146. Pressure block; 147. Waist-shaped hole; 148. Third limiting structure; 149. Anti-tipping pressure block; 150. Connecting block; 151. Third slide. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Implementation Method 1

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides a widening excavation device, comprising: a shield body 100; a cutterhead 200 located in front of the shield body 100; a drive mechanism 300 located inside the shield body 100 and connected to the cutterhead 200, the drive mechanism 300 being used to drive the cutterhead 200 to excavate forward; a moving mechanism 400 installed inside the shield body 100 and connected to the drive mechanism 300, the moving mechanism 400 being able to drive the drive mechanism 300 and the cutterhead 200 to move along the widening excavation direction so that the cutterhead 200 forms a widening excavation state; and an anti-overturning mechanism 600, the drive mechanism 300 also being connected to the shield body 100 through the anti-overturning mechanism 600.

[0052] The enlarged excavation state refers to the situation where, after the cutterhead 200 and drive mechanism 300 translate along the enlarged excavation direction, the cutterhead 200 advances forward under the drive of the drive mechanism 300, causing the excavation face formed by the cutterhead 200 to expand along the enlarged excavation direction. The enlarged excavation device of this invention is particularly suitable for tunneling construction using tunnel boring machines (TBMs), and can also be applied to the tunneling construction of other tunneling equipment as needed. The moving mechanism 400 is preferably designed to drive the drive mechanism 300 and cutterhead 200 to move in any direction within the plane of the cutterhead 200, thereby achieving omnidirectional enlarged excavation. That is, the drive mechanism 300 and cutterhead 200 can achieve directional enlarged excavation in any direction around the cutterhead 200 according to geological conditions and actual needs. Of course, it can also be designed as a partial directional excavation as needed. For example, the moving mechanism 400 can only drive the cutterhead 200 and the drive mechanism 300 to move upward to achieve excavation of the surrounding rock above the cutterhead 200; the moving mechanism 400 can also only drive the cutterhead 200 and the drive mechanism 300 to move left and right to achieve excavation of the surrounding rock on the left and right sides of the cutterhead 200.

[0053] When a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is excavating in converging rock formations, it often encounters the problem of the TBM main unit jamming due to rock convergence. Generally, the jamming is most often caused by the convergence of the top surrounding rock. Therefore, when encountering this problem, the present invention can use the moving mechanism 400 to drive the cutterhead 200 and the drive mechanism 300 to move upwards as a whole, thereby widening the excavation at the top and increasing the gap between the shield body 100 and the top surrounding rock, reducing the possibility of the TBM jamming due to rock convergence.

[0054] When tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are excavating tunnels with small curve radii, they often encounter insufficient turning ability due to factors such as cutter wear. This problem can be solved by directional excavation. For example, when the TBM's ability to turn horizontally to the left is insufficient, this invention uses a moving mechanism 400 to move the cutterhead 200 and drive mechanism 300 to the left as a whole, thereby expanding the excavation on the left side and increasing the TBM's left-turning ability. Similarly, when the TBM's ability to turn horizontally to the right is insufficient, this invention uses a moving mechanism 400 to move the cutterhead 200 and drive mechanism 300 to the right as a whole, thereby expanding the excavation on the right side and increasing the TBM's right-turning ability. Furthermore, when the TBM's ability to climb slopes is insufficient, this invention uses a moving mechanism 400 to move the cutterhead 200 and drive mechanism 300 to the top as a whole, thereby expanding the excavation on the top side and increasing the TBM's climbing ability.

[0055] In addition, the tunnel boring machine can also move the cutterhead 200 and the drive mechanism 300 in other directions of excavation as needed during the construction process, thereby achieving excavation in other directions.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the inventors discovered that since the center of gravity of the cutterhead 200 and the drive mechanism 300 is forward relative to the center of gravity of the shield 100, in order to ensure the overall stability and safety of the drive mechanism 300 and the cutterhead 200 in the excavation state and to avoid the risk of the cutterhead 200 tipping over, an anti-tipping mechanism 600 is used to connect the drive mechanism 300 to the shield 100. The anti-tipping mechanism 600 and the drive mechanism 300 can move relative to each other in the excavation direction, and the anti-tipping mechanism 600 can restrict the drive mechanism 300 from moving axially in the shield 100, thus having an anti-tipping function.

[0057] In summary, the tunneling device of the present invention movably installs the drive mechanism 300 inside the shield body 100 via the moving mechanism 400. This allows the moving mechanism 400 to drive the drive mechanism 300 and the cutterhead 200 as a whole to move along the tunneling direction. This solves the problem of shield machine jamming caused by surrounding rock convergence and the problem of insufficient turning ability when tunneling with small curve radii. It ensures the safety and efficiency of shield machine construction, reduces the labor intensity of workers, saves construction costs, and improves economic benefits.

[0058] like Figure 1As shown, specifically, the shield body 100 includes a front middle shield body 101, a middle rear shield body 102, and a tail shield body 103 connected sequentially from front to back. The drive mechanism 300 is movably installed inside the front middle shield body 101 via a moving mechanism 400. The cutterhead 200 is bolted to the drive mechanism 300 and extends in front of the front middle shield body 101. Whether the tunnel boring machine is performing conventional tunneling (i.e., tunneling with the central axis of the cutterhead 200 located on the central axis of the shield body 100) or enlargement operation (i.e., tunneling with the cutterhead 200 shifted along the enlargement direction, causing its central axis to deviate from the central axis of the shield body 100), the central axes of the front middle shield body 101, the middle rear shield body 102, and the tail shield body 103 remain consistent, and the central axis of the drive mechanism 300 remains consistent with the central axis of the cutterhead 200. Figure 2 As shown, a manned cabin 118 is also provided inside the front and middle shield body 101, and a material warehouse 119 is provided on the left side.

[0059] In addition, such as Figure 1 As shown, the size of the excavation gap around the shield body 100 is a crucial factor affecting shield machine jamming. When the excavation gap around the shield body 100 is small, the deformation of the surrounding rock will exceed the excavation gap and directly compress into the shield body 100. When the product of the surrounding rock pressure and sliding friction force on the shield body 100 exceeds the total jacking force of the shield, jamming will occur. To reduce the probability of shield machine jamming, the shield body 100 adopts a "large step" design principle to increase the gap size.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4As shown, the front and middle shield body 101 includes a front shell 113 with a larger diameter and a rear shell 116 with a smaller diameter, connected sequentially from front to back. The rear shell 116 is connected to the rear shield body 102 via a hinge cylinder 136, and a hinge seal 135 is provided between the rear shell 116 and the rear shield body 102 to isolate the interior of the shield body 100 from the external soil. The rear shield body 102 and the tail shield body 103 are welded together as a single unit. The diameters of the middle shield rear body 102 and the tail shield body 103 are the same and slightly smaller than the diameter of the front middle shield rear shell 116. The diameter difference d1 between the front shell 113 and the front middle shield rear shell 116, and the diameter difference d2 between the front middle shield rear shell 116 and the middle shield rear body 102 are both not less than 50mm. This increases the diameter difference between the outer contour diameter of the cutterhead 200 and the outer contour diameter of the shield body 100, and reduces the probability of the front middle shield rear shell 116 and the upper part of the middle shield rear body 102 getting stuck in the surrounding rock convergence strata. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the grout from synchronously injecting at the tail of the shield from flowing forward around the shield body 100, the bottom of the front and middle shield rear shell 116 and the middle shield rear shield body 102 are solidified and stuck to the tunnel soil, thus jamming the shield body 100. The front and middle shield bottom plate 132 is provided in the lower half of the front and middle shield rear shell 116, the middle shield rear bottom plate 133 is provided in the lower half of the middle shield rear shield body 102, and the tail shield bottom plate 134 is provided in the lower half of the tail shield body 103.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cutter head 200 has a first direction Y and a second direction X orthogonally arranged in its plane. The moving mechanism 400 includes a first moving structure 401 and a second moving structure 402. The first moving structure 401 is movably arranged along the first direction Y, and the second moving structure 402 is movably arranged along the second direction X. The first moving structure 401 and the second moving structure 402 cooperate to drive the drive mechanism 300 to move in any direction within the plane of the cutter head 200. Specifically, the first direction Y is the vertical direction, i.e., the up-down direction; the second direction X is the horizontal direction, i.e., the left-right direction. The first moving structure 401 drives the drive mechanism 300 and the connected cutter head 200 to move vertically as a whole, and the second moving structure 402 drives the drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200 to move horizontally as a whole. Furthermore, through cooperation, the drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200 can move in any direction, for example, the cutter head 200 can move to its upper left, upper right, lower left, or lower right.

[0062] like Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the first moving structure 401 includes a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 403 arranged and spaced apart along the first direction Y around the drive mechanism 300. The second moving structure 402 includes a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 403 arranged and spaced apart along the second direction X around the drive mechanism 300. By controlling the extension and retraction of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 403 of the first moving structure 401, the movement of the drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200 as a whole along the first direction Y is controlled. By controlling the extension and retraction of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 403 of the second moving structure 402, the movement of the drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200 as a whole along the second direction X is controlled.

[0063] Specifically, the number of hydraulic cylinders 403 is not specifically limited. In the embodiments of the present invention, the first moving structure 401 includes four hydraulic cylinders 403, namely a top right hydraulic cylinder 404 and a top left hydraulic cylinder 411 spaced apart above the drive mechanism 300, and a lower right hydraulic cylinder 407 and a lower left hydraulic cylinder 408 spaced apart below the drive mechanism 300. Similarly, the second moving structure 402 also includes four hydraulic cylinders 403, namely a left upper hydraulic cylinder 410 and a left lower hydraulic cylinder 409 spaced apart on the left side of the drive mechanism 300, and a right upper hydraulic cylinder 405 and a right lower hydraulic cylinder 406 spaced apart on the right side of the drive mechanism 300. The drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200 achieve directional movement up, down, left, and right by the extension and retraction of the top right hydraulic cylinder 404, upper right hydraulic cylinder 405, lower right hydraulic cylinder 406, lower right hydraulic cylinder 407, lower left hydraulic cylinder 408, lower left hydraulic cylinder 409, upper left hydraulic cylinder 410, and top left hydraulic cylinder 411.

[0064] For example, the top right hydraulic cylinder 404 and the top left hydraulic cylinder 411 can be retracted by a certain distance, while the lower right hydraulic cylinder 407 and the lower left hydraulic cylinder 408 can be extended by a certain distance, causing the drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200 to shift upwards as a whole; or, for another example, the upper right hydraulic cylinder 405 and the lower right hydraulic cylinder 406 can be extended by a certain distance, while the upper left hydraulic cylinder 410 and the lower left hydraulic cylinder 409 can be retracted by a certain distance, causing the drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200 to shift to the left as a whole; or, for yet another example, the upper right hydraulic cylinder 405 and the lower right hydraulic cylinder 406 can be retracted by a certain distance, while the upper left hydraulic cylinder 410 and the lower left hydraulic cylinder 409 can be extended by a certain distance, causing the drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200 to shift to the right as a whole.

[0065] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8As shown, each hydraulic cylinder 403 includes a cylinder body 413 and a piston rod 415. The cylinder body 413 is installed inside the shield body 100 and connected to the hydraulic pump 418. One end of the piston rod 415 is in a sealed sliding fit with the cylinder body 413, and the other end of the piston rod 415 is connected to the drive mechanism 300. Before the excavation operation, the extension value of the piston rod 415 of the eight hydraulic cylinders 403 is at half of its maximum stroke, and the hydraulic cylinders 403 at each position are always in pressurized contact with the drive mechanism 300, that is, the cylinder body 413 is always in a pressurized state. Specifically, the front and middle shield body 101 is provided with eight connecting base plates 114 and eight connecting seats 115 welded to each connecting base plate 114. The connecting base plates 114 are welded to the front partition plate 111 and the rear partition plate 112 inside the front and middle shield body 101. The cylinder body 413 is provided with a base 420, which has threaded holes for connecting screws 412 to pass through. The base 420 is bolted to the connecting seat 115 by the connecting screws 412. The cylinder body 413 is provided with an oil pipe joint 414, which is connected to the hydraulic pump 418 through a hydraulic oil pipe 419.

[0066] like Figure 7 As shown, in the enlarged excavation state, the piston rod 415 is locked and fixed to the cylinder body 413 by the first locking structure 416. When it is necessary to adjust the piston rod 415, the first locking structure 416 is unlocked. After adjustment, the piston rod 415 is relocked and fixed by the first locking structure 416 to prevent the piston rod 415 from moving in the enlarged excavation state and affecting the structural stability of the drive mechanism 300 and the cutterhead 200 in the enlarged excavation state. Specifically, the first locking structure 416 includes a locking nut 417, which is always screwed onto the piston rod 415 via a threaded connection. The locking nut 417 extends as the piston rod 415 extends. When the piston rod 415 reaches the required stroke, the locking nut 417 can be screwed downwards until it is tightly against the top of the cylinder body 413, preventing the piston rod 415 from retracting. By mutually restricting each other through the locking nuts 417 on the piston rods 415 of the hydraulic cylinders 403 in opposite directions, each piston rod 415 cannot extend or retract, thereby preventing the hydraulic cylinders 403 from malfunctioning during the pressure holding process and ensuring the safety of the tunnel boring machine in the excavation state.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the anti-overturning mechanism 600 includes a first limiting structure 104, which is disposed on the inner side of the shield body 100, and a first slide rail 305 is provided on the driving mechanism 300. (Combined with...) Figure 9 As shown, the first limiting structure 104 cooperates with the first slide rail 305 and is connected to the drive mechanism 300 through the second locking structure 107. When the second locking structure 107 is unlocked, the first limiting structure 104 and the first slide rail 305 can slide relative to each other in any direction within the plane of the cutter head 200.

[0068] like Figure 9 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the drive mechanism 300 includes a front drive flange 301, an intermediate ring 302, and a rear drive flange 303. The intermediate ring 302 is connected between the front drive flange 301 and the rear drive flange 303 and forms a first slide rail 305. The first limiting structure 104 is connected to the rear drive flange 303 through a second locking structure 107. The first limiting structure 104 includes a front limiting ring 108, an intermediate limiting ring 109, and a rear limiting ring 110. The front limiting ring 108 and the rear limiting ring 110 are connected to the shield body 100, and the intermediate limiting ring 109 is connected between the front limiting ring 108 and the rear limiting ring 110. Specifically, in conjunction with... Figure 5 As shown, the rear drive flange 303 has multiple oblong holes 147. The second locking structure 107 includes a clamping bolt 145 that passes through the oblong holes 147 and is connected to the rear limit ring 110, and a clamping block 146 that is sleeved on the clamping bolt 145 for clamping the rear drive flange 303. During tunneling, the rear drive flange 303 is bolted to the rear limit ring 110 by clamping bolts 145. When the moving mechanism 400 needs to move the drive mechanism 300, the clamping bolts 145 need to be loosened first to release the bolting between the drive flange and the rear limit ring 110, so that the clamping bolts 145 can slide freely up, down, left, and right in the slotted hole 147. At the same time, the front drive flange 301 of the drive mechanism 300 can slide close to the front limit ring 108, and the rear drive flange 303 can slide close to the rear limit ring 110. After the cutterhead 200 moves to the required position for enlargement, the clamping bolts 145 are tightened again with a torque wrench to tighten the rear drive flange 303 and the rear limit ring 110 again before enlargement tunneling can proceed.

[0069] like Figure 1 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the front limiting ring 108 is installed inside the shield body 100 via the front partition 111, and the rear limiting ring 110 is installed inside the shield body 100 via the rear partition 112. A soil chamber 117 is formed between the front partition 111 and the cutterhead 200, and a sealing structure 120 is provided between the first limiting structure 104 and the first slide rail 305. By providing the sealing structure 120, the slag and pressurized gas in the soil chamber 117 are prevented from entering the interior of the tunnel boring machine. Specifically, as shown... Figure 9As shown, the sealing structure 120 includes a front airbag seal 121, a rear airbag seal 122, and a finger seal 123. The front drive flange 301 and the front limiting ring 108 are sealed and slidably fitted by the front airbag seal 121, the rear drive flange 303 and the rear limiting ring 110 are sealed and slidably fitted by the rear airbag seal 122, and the intermediate limiting ring 109 and the intermediate ring 302 are sealed and slidably fitted by the finger seal 123. Both the front airbag seal 121 and the rear airbag seal 122 include a sealing airbag 143 and an air nozzle 144; the finger seal 123 is pressed and fixed to the intermediate limiting ring 109 by a pressure block 124 and a clamping screw 125. Whether during conventional tunneling or widening excavation, the sealing airbags 143 of the front airbag seal 121 and the rear airbag seal 122 must be filled with gas to ensure that the slag and pressurized gas in the soil chamber 117 do not leak into the interior of the tunnel boring machine.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, to further improve the overall stability and safety of the drive mechanism 300 and cutterhead 200, and to avoid the risk of the cutterhead 200 tipping over, in this embodiment of the invention, the anti-tipping mechanism 600 includes multiple anti-tipping cylinders 605. The rear end of the drive mechanism 300 is connected to the shield body 100 through the multiple anti-tipping cylinders 605. Specifically, the anti-tipping mechanism 600 also includes a support beam 601, which is fixed to the upper part inside the shield body 100. One end of the multiple anti-tipping cylinders 605 is hinged to the support beam 601, and the other end of the multiple anti-tipping cylinders 605 is hinged to the drive mechanism 300. The anti-tipping cylinders 605 can extend and retract along their axial direction and swing in any direction to adapt to the movement of the drive mechanism 300.

[0071] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 10 As shown, the rear end of the rear partition 112 in the front and middle shield body 101 is welded with a support leg 602. The support beam 601 is connected to the support leg 602 through a connecting flange 604. The support beam 601 is generally semi-arc-shaped. Multiple anti-tipping cylinder lugs 603 are arranged at intervals along the arc direction on the support beam 601. Multiple cylinder connecting lugs 304 are arranged correspondingly at the rear end of the rear drive flange 303. The front end of the anti-tipping cylinder 605 is hinged to the cylinder connecting lug 304, and the rear end of the anti-tipping cylinder 605 is hinged to the anti-tipping cylinder lug 603.

[0072] like Figure 11As shown, to further improve the overall stability of the drive mechanism 300 and the cutter head 200, in this embodiment of the invention, the anti-tipping mechanism 600 further includes a second limiting structure 105. The second limiting structure 105 is located at the rear end of the rear limiting ring 110, and a second slide rail 106 is formed between the second limiting structure 105 and the rear limiting ring 110. The rear drive flange 303 cooperates with the second slide rail 106, and the rear drive flange 303 can slide in any direction within the plane of the cutter head 200 within the second slide rail 106. Specifically, in conjunction with... Figure 2 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 12 As shown, the rear limiting ring 110 has a similar shape to the rear drive flange 303, but the area of ​​the rear limiting ring 110 is larger than the area of ​​the rear drive flange 303. The first limiting structure 104 includes four limiting blocks 137 installed at the four corners of the rear limiting ring 110, namely a first upper limiting block 138 and a second upper limiting block 139 located on both sides of the upper part of the rear drive flange 303, and a first lower limiting block 140 and a second lower limiting block 141 located on both sides of the lower part of the rear drive flange 303. Each limiting block 137 is bolted and fixed to the rear limiting ring 110 by connecting bolts 130. The second slide rail 106 includes an upper right slide rail formed between the first upper limiting block 138 and the rear limiting ring 110, an upper left slide rail formed between the second upper limiting block 139 and the rear limiting ring 110, a lower left slide rail formed between the first lower limiting block 140 and the rear limiting ring 110, and a lower right slide rail formed between the second lower limiting block 141 and the rear limiting ring 110. When the excavation operation is carried out, the rear drive flange 303 of the drive mechanism 300 can slide in the upper right slide, the upper left slide, the lower right slide, and the lower left slide; at the same time, multiple limit blocks 137 provide axial limit and anti-overturning functions for the drive mechanism 300 and the cutterhead 200 as a whole.

[0073] like Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, in order to avoid the first limiting structure 104 and the first slide rail 305 from being mismatched in width along the axial Z of the cutter head 200 due to machining errors or other reasons, especially the inability to slide relative to each other due to excessive constraint, in another embodiment of the present invention, the front drive flange 301 is sealed and slidably fitted with the intermediate ring 302 along the axial Z by the sealing member 306, so that the front drive flange 301 can slide along the axial Z.

[0074] Furthermore, the front end of the front partition 111 is provided with a third limiting structure 148, which includes multiple anti-overturning blocks 149. The anti-overturning blocks 149 and the front limiting ring 108 form a third slide 151. The third slide 151 cooperates with the front drive flange 301. The front drive flange 301 can slide in any direction within the plane of the cutterhead 200 in the third slide 151. The third slide 151 and the front drive flange 301 have an axial adjustment gap in the Z-axis of the cutterhead 200. This allows the front drive flange 301 to slide and adjust along the Z-axis of the shield 100 so that the first limiting structure 104 cooperates with the first slide 305. At the same time, it can prevent the drive mechanism 300 from overturning and improve the stability of the structure. On the other hand, it can also form a labyrinth seal structure by utilizing the gap between the front drive flange 301 and the third slide 151. Furthermore, once the cutterhead 200 moves to the required position for enlargement, the sealing structure 120 is inflated, thereby pushing the front drive flange 301 to move and eliminate the axial adjustment gap. Then, enlargement excavation begins, further ensuring that the excavated soil and pressurized gas in the soil chamber 117 do not leak into the tunnel boring machine during excavation. Specifically, in conjunction with... Figure 15 As shown, multiple anti-overturning pressure blocks 149 are fixed to the front end of the front partition 111 by multiple connecting blocks 150 and are evenly distributed in front of the front drive flange 301 along the circumference of the front drive flange 301.

[0075] like Figure 16 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the excavation device further includes a slag discharge mechanism 500. The slag discharge mechanism 500 includes a slag conveying structure 501 and a tie rod 502. The input end of the slag conveying structure 501 is connected to the lower part of the front partition 111 and communicates with the soil bin 117. One end of the tie rod 502 is hinged to the upper part of the rear partition 112, and the other end of the tie rod 502 is hinged to the slag conveying structure 501. By hinged one end of the tie rod 502 to the rear partition 112 and the other end pulls the slag conveying structure 501, the stability of the slag conveying structure 501 is improved without interfering with the movement of the drive mechanism 300. Specifically, the upper part of the rear partition 112 is provided with a first hinge seat 503 that is hinged to the upper end of the tie rod 502, and the slag conveying structure 501 is provided with a second hinge seat 504 that is hinged to the lower end of the tie rod 502.

[0076] like Figure 2 and Figure 16 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of high-pressure flushing structures 126 are installed on the shield body 100. The plurality of high-pressure flushing structures 126 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shield body 100. The high-pressure flushing structures 126 are used to spray high-pressure water to flush away the surrounding rock in contact with the shield body 100.

[0077] Specifically, such as Figure 17As shown, the high-pressure flushing structure 126 includes a flange cover 127, a gasket 128, a connecting flange 129, connecting bolts 130, and a flushing pipeline 131. The flushing pipeline 131 is welded to the front shell 113 of the front middle shield 101, and the connecting flange 129 is welded to the flushing pipeline 131 as a whole. During normal tunneling, the flange cover 127 and the connecting flange 129 are bolted together by the connecting bolts 130 and sealed by the gasket 128 to prevent external soil and pressurized gas from entering the interior of the tunnel boring machine. When the tunnel boring machine is stuck due to the convergence of the surrounding rock, the connecting bolts 130 can be loosened, the flange cover 127 can be removed, and the flushing pipeline 131 can be connected to the water supply interface of ultra-high pressure flushing water (greater than 1500 bar) to flush away the surrounding rock that is stuck in the shield shell, thereby realizing the freeing of the tunnel boring machine after it is stuck.

[0078] Implementation Method 2

[0079] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a tunnel boring machine, including a widening excavation device. The widening excavation device in this embodiment has the same specific structure, working principle, and beneficial effects as the widening excavation device in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0080] Implementation Method 3

[0081] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for widening the excavation, which can be implemented using the widening excavation device of Embodiment 1, and the working principle and beneficial effects are the same, so they will not be described again here.

[0082] The enlargement excavation method of the present invention includes the following steps: when the surrounding rock on one side of the shield 100 converges, the moving mechanism 400 drives the driving mechanism 300 and the cutterhead 200 to move toward that side, so that the cutterhead 200 enlarges the excavation on the side where the surrounding rock converges, and the gap between the shield 100 and the surrounding rock on that side increases; and / or when the shield 100 turns to one side, the moving mechanism 400 drives the driving mechanism 300 and the cutterhead 200 to move toward that side, so that the cutterhead 200 enlarges the excavation on the side where it turns, and the gap between the shield 100 and the surrounding rock on that side increases; and / or when the shield 100 climbs an upward slope, the moving mechanism 400 drives the driving mechanism 300 and the cutterhead 200 to move upward, so that the cutterhead 200 enlarges the excavation above it.

[0083] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention based on the content disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An excavating device, characterized in that The shield body (100) comprises: A cutter head (200) located in front of the shield body (100); A driving mechanism (300) located in the shield body (100) and connected with the cutter head (200), the driving mechanism (300) being used to drive the cutter head (200) to advance; A moving mechanism (400) installed in the shield body (100) and connected with the driving mechanism (300), the moving mechanism (400) being able to drive the driving mechanism (300) and the cutter head (200) to move along the expansion direction so as to form an expansion state of the cutter head (200); An anti-overturning mechanism (600), the driving mechanism (300) being further connected with the shield body (100) through the anti-overturning mechanism (600); The anti-overturning mechanism (600) comprises a first limiting structure (104) arranged on the inner side of the shield body (100), the driving mechanism (300) being provided with a first sliding channel (305), the first limiting structure (104) being matched with the first sliding channel (305) and connected with the driving mechanism (300) through a second locking structure (107), the first limiting structure (104) and the first sliding channel (305) being able to slide relative to each other along any direction in the plane of the cutter head (200) in the unlocked state of the second locking structure (107); The anti-overturning mechanism (600) comprises a plurality of anti-overturning oil cylinders (605), the rear end of the driving mechanism (300) being connected with the shield body (100) through the plurality of anti-overturning oil cylinders (605); The cutter head (200) has a first direction (Y) and a second direction (X) arranged orthogonally in the plane, the moving mechanism (400) comprising a first moving structure (401) and a second moving structure (402), the first moving structure (401) being movably arranged along the first direction (Y), the second moving structure (402) being movably arranged along the second direction (X), the first moving structure (401) and the second moving structure (402) being matched to drive the driving mechanism (300) to move along any direction in the plane of the cutter head (200); The driving mechanism (300) comprises a front driving flange (301), an intermediate ring (302) and a rear driving flange (303); The first limiting structure (104) comprises a front limiting ring (108), an intermediate limiting ring (109) and a rear limiting ring (110); The front limiting ring (108) is installed on the inner side of the shield body (100) through a front partition plate (111), the rear limiting ring (110) is installed on the inner side of the shield body (100) through a rear partition plate (112), the front partition plate (111) and the cutter head (200) forming a soil bin (117), and a sealing structure (120) being arranged between the first limiting structure (104) and the first sliding channel (305). ​ The sealing structure (120) comprises a front air bag seal (121), a rear air bag seal (122) and a finger seal (123), the front driving flange (301) and the front limiting ring (108) are in sealing sliding fit through the front air bag seal (121), the rear driving flange (303) and the rear limiting ring (110) are in sealing sliding fit through the rear air bag seal (122), and the middle limiting ring (109) and the middle ring (302) (109) are in sealing sliding fit through the finger seal (123).

2. The expansion device according to claim 1, wherein, The middle ring (302) is connected between the front driving flange (301) and the rear driving flange (303) and cooperates to form the first sliding channel (305), and the first limiting structure (104) is connected with the rear driving flange (303) through the second locking structure (107).

3. The expansion device according to claim 2, wherein, The front limiting ring (108) and the rear limiting ring (110) are connected with the shield body (100), and the middle limiting ring (109) is connected between the front limiting ring (108) and the rear limiting ring (110); The anti-overturning mechanism (600) further comprises a second limiting structure (105), the second limiting structure (105) is arranged at the rear end of the rear limiting ring (110), a second sliding channel (106) is formed between the second limiting structure (105) and the rear limiting ring (110), the rear driving flange (303) cooperates with the second sliding channel (106), and the rear driving flange (303) can slide in any direction in the plane of the cutter head (200) in the second sliding channel (106).

4. The expansion device according to claim 1, wherein, The expansion device further comprises a residue discharging mechanism (500), the residue discharging mechanism (500) comprises a residue conveying structure (501) and a pull rod (502), the input end of the residue conveying structure (501) is connected with the lower part of the front partition plate (111) and communicates with the soil bin (117), one end of the pull rod (502) is hingedly connected with the upper part of the rear partition plate (112), and the other end of the pull rod (502) is hingedly connected to the residue conveying structure (501).

5. The expansion device according to claim 1, wherein, The anti-overturning mechanism (600) further comprises a support beam (601), the support beam (601) is fixed to the upper part in the shield body (100), one end of each of the plurality of anti-overturning oil cylinders (605) is hingedly connected to the support beam (601), and the other end of each of the plurality of anti-overturning oil cylinders (605) is hingedly connected to the driving mechanism (300), the anti-overturning oil cylinder (605) can be extended and retracted along the axial direction and swing in any direction to adapt to the movement of the driving mechanism (300).

6. The expansion device according to claim 1, wherein, The first moving structure (401) comprises a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders arranged around the driving mechanism (300) along the first direction (Y) and spaced apart; the second moving structure (402) comprises a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders arranged around the driving mechanism (300) along the second direction (X) and spaced apart.

7. The expansion device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder each comprise a cylinder body (413) mounted on the inner side of the shield (100) and connected with a hydraulic pump (418), and a piston rod (415) in sealing sliding fit with the cylinder body (413) at one end and connected with the driving mechanism (300) at the other end, and in the expansion state, the piston rod (415) is locked and fixed to the cylinder body (413) by a first locking structure (416).

8. The expansion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shield (100) is provided with a plurality of high-pressure flushing structures (126) arranged around the shield (100) and spaced apart, which are used to spray high-pressure water to flush away the surrounding rock contacted by the shield (100).

9. A tunneling machine, characterized by, The expansion device according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. An overbreak method characterized by, The expansion method is implemented by using the expansion device according to any one of claims 1-8, and comprises the following steps: When the surrounding rock on one side of the shield (100) converges, the moving mechanism (400) drives the driving mechanism (300) and the cutter head (200) to move towards the side, so that the cutter head (200) expands the surrounding rock on the converging side; and / or, When the shield (100) turns to one side, the moving mechanism (400) drives the driving mechanism (300) and the cutter head (200) to move towards the side, so that the cutter head (200) expands the side of the turn; and / or When the shield (100) climbs uphill, the moving mechanism (400) drives the driving mechanism (300) and the cutter head (200) to move upwards, so that the cutter head (200) expands the upper side.

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