Floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and gyro stabilization system and control method

Abstract

The application provides a floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and gyro stabilization system and a control method. In order to ensure the stability of the photovoltaic array structure and system, and considering the demand of energy storage, the rotational inertia of the rotor is improved by the energy storage battery counterweight, and the energy storage battery is used as the counterweight of the gyro stabilization platform. On the one hand, the structural stability of the floating photovoltaic is improved, and on the other hand, the stability of the power grid is improved through the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery. According to the flywheel principle, the power grid is quickly supported, and the speed can be millisecond level. The 360-degree holder and the electric propeller are controlled to change the horizontal direction of the energy storage tracking float, so as to ensure the best tracking and positioning of the photovoltaic array, and the fluctuation exceeding the upper limit is inhibited through the reverse thrust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy power generation, specifically relating to a floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and gyro stabilization system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy sources, floating photovoltaic systems have entered the market. However, due to the fluctuations in water, similar to the ocean, the structure and characteristics of photovoltaic power generation become unstable. They also face the well-known uncertainties and instabilities of photovoltaic and wind power generation, causing grid fluctuations. Therefore, three major issues concerning photovoltaic power generation structure, stable power generation characteristics, and energy storage have become prominent.

[0003] The stability of floating photovoltaic systems is primarily affected by wind and wave surges. Wave surges involve both horizontal and vertical motion, and the superposition of these two motions causes the offshore photovoltaic structure to undulate and tilt, significantly impacting its stability and power generation reliability. Therefore, to suppress vertical wave fluctuations in floating photovoltaic systems, flexible damping or inertial gravity can be employed. Considering the characteristics of gyroscopes, when the gyroscope rotor rotates at high speed, without any external torque acting on it, the gyroscope's rotation axis remains stable in inertial space, pointing in a fixed direction; simultaneously resisting any force that alters the rotor's axis. This physical phenomenon is called the gyroscope's axis-fixed property or stability. Its stability varies with the following physical quantities:

[0004] (1) The greater the moment of inertia of the rotor, the better the stability.

[0005] (2) The greater the rotor angular velocity, the better the stability.

[0006] Based on the aforementioned characteristics and considering the need for energy storage, the rotational inertia of the rotor is increased by using energy storage batteries as counterweights. This improves the stability of the rotor, i.e., the stability of the photovoltaic support, and also enhances the stability of the power grid through energy storage, making the structure and power generation stability of floating photovoltaic power generation possible. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and gyro stabilization system and control method. It considers the impact of water wave motion on the structure of the floating photovoltaic system and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules, while also taking into account the impact of photovoltaic power generation instability on the power grid.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and gyro stabilization system includes a photovoltaic array, a float unit, a gyro stabilization unit, an energy storage and power generation unit, a solar tracking unit and a photovoltaic support structure;

[0010] The float unit consists of several supporting floats and several energy storage and tracking floats, distributed according to the structure of the photovoltaic array, wherein the energy storage and tracking floats are interspersed among the supporting floats around the photovoltaic array;

[0011] The gyro stabilization unit is vertically installed in each energy storage tracking float; the photovoltaic support is placed on the outer top of the supporting float and the energy storage tracking float;

[0012] The energy storage and power generation unit includes an energy storage battery, an integrated electric motor / generator, a bidirectional inverter, a gyro stabilization platform, and a gyro spindle. The upper end of the gyro spindle is connected to the integrated electric motor / generator, and the lower end of the spindle is connected to the bottom of the energy storage tracking float via a sealed upper bearing, passing through the center of the gyro stabilization platform, and via a lower bearing. The gyro spindle is coaxial with and fixedly connected to the gyro stabilization platform. A variable-speed integrated electric motor / generator is mounted on the upper end of the gyro spindle.

[0013] The solar tracking unit is an electric propeller connected to the bottom of the energy storage tracking pontoon via a 360-degree gimbal. The purpose is to control the 360-degree gimbal and the electric propeller to change the horizontal direction of the energy storage tracking pontoon, thereby controlling the photovoltaic array to maintain the optimal solar irradiance and the stability of the photovoltaic array position, while suppressing fluctuations exceeding the upper limit through reverse thrust.

[0014] The photovoltaic support includes a flexible buffer and a support. The buffer is installed at one end of the support, located on the upper outer part of the supporting float and at the main axis of the gyroscope surrounding the upper outer part of the energy storage tracking float. The other end of the photovoltaic support is connected to the photovoltaic array. The flexible buffer overcomes a certain longitudinal amplitude surge and reduces the vertical vibration of the photovoltaic array.

[0015] Furthermore, both the energy storage tracking buoy and the support buoy have an upper truncated cone and a lower conical structure. The energy storage tracking buoy has a rigid sealed shell with a vacuum treatment inside, or it is an inflatable buoy.

[0016] Furthermore, the energy storage batteries are evenly placed on the gyro stabilization platform. The positive input / output terminals of the batteries are connected to the positive terminals of the bidirectional inverter via the positive power connection ring of the gyro spindle; the negative input / output terminals of the batteries are connected to the negative terminals of the bidirectional inverter via the negative power connection ring of the gyro spindle. When the photovoltaic system has surplus power, the energy storage batteries are charged through the positive and negative terminals of the bidirectional inverter, via the positive and negative power connection rings of the gyro spindle, and through the positive and negative input / output terminals of the batteries. This also increases the driving power of the electric motor / generator integrated machine and improves the rotation speed of the gyro stabilization platform. When providing instantaneous power support to the grid, the gyro stabilization platform drives the gyro spindle to drive the generator of the electric motor / generator integrated machine to generate electricity quickly and support the grid. When continuous grid support is required, the energy storage batteries supply power to the grid through the positive and negative power connection rings of the gyro spindle, via the positive and negative terminals of the bidirectional inverter.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and gyroscope stabilization control, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: When the photovoltaic power generation has surplus power, the photovoltaic power generation charges the energy storage battery through the bidirectional inverter and increases the drive power of the motor through the electric motor / generator integrated machine to improve the speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform.

[0019] Step 2: When providing instantaneous support to the power grid, and the rotational speed of the gyro stabilization platform is greater than the lower limit speed, the gyro stabilization platform drives the generator of the electric motor / generator integrated machine to generate electricity and provide rapid support to the power grid. Its principle is the same as that of flywheel energy storage.

[0020] Step 3: When continuous support to the grid is required, and the remaining power of the energy storage battery is greater than the lower limit of the remaining power, the energy storage battery supplies power to the grid through a bidirectional inverter.

[0021] Step 4: When the surge is greater than the upper limit, and the photovoltaic is not generating electricity and the rotation speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform is less than the lower limit, the energy storage battery increases the rotation speed of the drive motor of the electric motor / generator integrated machine, thereby increasing the rotation speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform and keeping the photovoltaic array in a stable state.

[0022] Step 5: To ensure the stability of the floating photovoltaic irradiance and the position of the photovoltaic array, the electric propeller is controlled by the GPS positioning controller to change the horizontal angle of the energy storage tracking pontoon, so as to keep the maximum irradiance of the floating photovoltaic synchronized with the movement of the sun and the position of the photovoltaic array stable.

[0023] Step 6: By controlling the 360-degree gimbal and electric propeller in three dimensions, reverse thrust is generated to suppress water fluctuations that exceed the upper limit.

[0024] As is well known, surge amplitude is directly proportional to wind speed. When designing floating photovoltaic systems, it's essential to consider maintaining a certain level of stability for the support structure when surge amplitudes are below a certain level, such as when the gyroscope speed is low or stationary. Conversely, when wind speeds exceed a certain level, the gyroscope speed should be activated or accelerated to ensure support stability. This method reduces the need for excessive support structure balancing and lowers relative costs.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] 1) Improve the structural stability of floating photovoltaic systems based on the principle of gyroscopes;

[0027] 2) Using energy storage batteries as counterweights for the gyro stabilization platform improves the structural stability of the floating photovoltaic system and enhances grid stability through the charging and discharging of the energy storage batteries.

[0028] 3) Based on the flywheel principle, it can simultaneously provide rapid support to the power grid at speeds in the millisecond range;

[0029] 4) Ensure optimal tracking and stable position of the photovoltaic array, while suppressing fluctuations exceeding the upper limit through reverse thrust. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and gyro stabilization system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a floating photovoltaic energy storage tracking buoy.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage power generation unit.

[0034] The components include: 1. Main spindle; 2. Gyro stabilization platform; 3. Energy storage tracking float; 4. Flexible buffer; 5. Electric / generator integrated unit; 6. Photovoltaic bracket; 7. Photovoltaic array; 8. Bidirectional inverter; 9. Power positive connection ring; 10. Power negative connection ring; 11. Negative terminal; 12. Positive terminal; 13. Energy storage battery; 14. 360-degree gimbal; 15. Electric propeller; 16. Battery input / output negative terminal; 17. Battery input / output positive terminal; 18. Lower bearing; 19. Upper bearing; and 20. Support float. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0036] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and gyro stabilization system of the present invention mainly includes: photovoltaic array 7, float unit, gyro stabilization unit, energy storage and power generation unit, solar tracking unit and photovoltaic support 6.

[0037] The aforementioned float unit consists of several supporting floats 20 and several energy storage and tracking floats 3, distributed according to the structure of the photovoltaic array 7. The energy storage and tracking floats 3 are interspersed among the supporting floats 20 around the photovoltaic array. Both the supporting floats 20 and the energy storage and tracking floats 3 have an upper frustum and a lower conical structure, which can reduce the impact of longitudinal waves. The energy storage and tracking floats 3 can be a rigid sealed shell with internal vacuum treatment to reduce the frictional resistance between the gyroscope and the air, but the cost is relatively high. The inflatable floats are made of engineering plastics, which are relatively cheaper, but the gyroscope stabilization unit has relatively poor stability due to the lower speed caused by air resistance.

[0038] The gyro stabilizing unit is vertically mounted in the upper frustum structure of each energy storage tracking float 3. The photovoltaic support 6 is placed on the outer top of the float and the energy storage tracking float 3.

[0039] The energy storage and power generation unit includes an energy storage battery 13, an integrated electric motor / generator 5, a bidirectional inverter 8, a gyro stabilization platform 2, and a gyro spindle 1. The upper end of the gyro spindle 1 is connected to the integrated electric motor / generator 5, and the lower end of the spindle 1 is connected to the bottom of the energy storage tracking float 3 via a sealed upper bearing 19, passing through the center of the gyro stabilization platform 2, and via a lower bearing 18. The gyro spindle 1 and the gyro stabilization platform 2 are coaxial and fixedly connected. A variable-speed integrated electric motor / generator 5 is mounted on the upper end of the gyro spindle 1. The purpose of this is to allow the motor of the integrated electric motor / generator 5 to drive the gyro spindle 1, thereby rotating the gyro stabilization platform 2, increasing its speed and rotational inertia, and ensuring the stability of the photovoltaic support 6. Conversely, the rotational kinetic energy of the gyro unit drives the motor of the integrated electric motor / generator 5 to quickly support the power grid.

[0040] like Figure 3As shown, the energy storage batteries 13 are evenly placed on the gyro stabilization platform 2. The positive input / output terminal 17 of the battery is connected to the positive terminal 12 of the bidirectional inverter 8 through the positive power connection ring 9 of the gyro spindle 1; the negative input / output terminal 16 of the battery is connected to the negative terminal 11 of the bidirectional inverter 8 through the negative power connection ring 10 of the gyro spindle 1. When the photovoltaic system has surplus power, it charges the energy storage batteries 13 through the positive and negative terminals 12 and 11 of the bidirectional inverter 8, via the positive and negative power connection rings 9 and 10 of the gyro spindle 1, and through the positive and negative input / output terminals 17 and 16 of the battery, respectively; and increases the driving power of the motor of the electric motor / generator 5, thereby increasing the rotational speed of the gyro stabilization platform 2. When providing instantaneous power support to the grid, the gyro stabilization platform 2 drives the gyro spindle 1 to drive the generator of the electric motor / generator 5 to generate electricity quickly, supporting the grid, in the same principle as a flywheel. When continuous support for the power grid is required, the energy storage battery 13 supplies power to the power grid through the positive power connection ring 9 and the negative power connection ring 10 of the gyroscope spindle 1 via the positive terminal 12 and the negative terminal 11 of the bidirectional inverter 8.

[0041] The purpose of using the energy storage battery 13 as a counterweight for the gyro stabilization platform 2 is, on the one hand, based on the principle of rotational kinetic energy. Provides the quality m of the gyro-stabilized platform 2 电池 This serves to stabilize the gyroscope stabilization unit, while the gravimetric potential energy inertia can offset some of the longitudinal surge fluctuations. On the other hand, the energy storage battery 13 provides surplus energy storage and grid support.

[0042] The solar tracking unit is an electric propeller 15, which is connected to the bottom of the energy storage tracking float 3 via a 360-degree gimbal 14. The purpose is to change the horizontal direction of the energy storage tracking float 3 by controlling the 360-degree gimbal 14 and the electric propeller 15, thereby controlling the photovoltaic array 7 to maintain the optimal solar irradiance and the stability of the photovoltaic array 7 position. At the same time, by controlling the 360-degree gimbal 14 and the electric propeller 15 in three dimensions, a reverse thrust is generated to suppress water fluctuations that exceed the upper limit.

[0043] The photovoltaic support 6 includes a flexible buffer 4 and a support frame. The buffer 4 is installed at one end of the support frame, located on the upper outer part of the supporting float 20, and at the upper outer part of the energy storage tracking float 3, surrounding the gyroscope main axis 1. The other end of the support frame is connected to the photovoltaic array 7. The flexible buffer 4 mainly overcomes a certain longitudinal surge and reduces the vertical vibration of the photovoltaic array 7.

[0044] The principle of this invention is based on the characteristics of a gyroscope and the formula for rotational kinetic energy. The use of energy storage batteries as counterweights improves the mass of the gyro platform, using surplus power to drive its rotation and ensure the stability of the energy storage tracking float support, thus mitigating the impact of surges on the photovoltaic array's fluctuations. Furthermore, the energy storage batteries provide surplus energy storage and grid support, while also functioning as flywheel energy storage; the gyro unit's rotational kinetic energy drives the engine to rapidly support the grid. To ensure maximum irradiance tracking of the floating photovoltaic array, a controlled axial propeller is used to change the horizontal direction of the energy storage tracking float 3, maintaining synchronization with the sun. Here, ω represents the gyro angular velocity; E... 陀螺 For rotational kinetic energy; m 电池 Let r be the mass element of the battery; r be the radius of the gyroscope platform; M be the mass element of the battery. 电池 This represents the battery mass distribution.

[0045] The control method of a floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and gyro stabilization system of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: When the photovoltaic power generation has surplus power, the photovoltaic power generation charges the energy storage battery 13 through the bidirectional inverter 8 and increases the driving power of the motor through the electric motor / generator 5, thereby increasing the speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform.

[0047] Step 2: When providing instantaneous support to the power grid, and the rotation speed of the gyro stabilization platform 2 is greater than the lower limit speed, the gyro stabilization platform 2 drives the generator of the electric motor / generator integrated machine 5 to generate electricity, providing rapid support to the power grid. Its principle is the same as that of flywheel energy storage.

[0048] Step 3: When continuous support to the grid is required, and the remaining power of the energy storage battery 13 is greater than the lower limit of the remaining power, the energy storage battery 13 supplies power to the grid through the bidirectional inverter 8.

[0049] Step 4: When the surge is greater than the upper limit, and the photovoltaic is not generating electricity, and the rotation speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform 2 is less than the lower limit, the energy storage battery 13 increases the rotation speed through the drive motor of the electric motor / generator integrated machine 5, thereby increasing the rotation speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform and keeping the photovoltaic array stable.

[0050] Step 5: To ensure the stability of the floating photovoltaic irradiance and the position of the photovoltaic array, the controller controls the electric propeller 15 to change the horizontal angle of the energy storage tracking float 3, so as to keep the maximum irradiance of the floating photovoltaic synchronized with the movement of the sun.

[0051] Step 6: By controlling the 360-degree gimbal 14 and the electric propeller 15 in three dimensions, reverse thrust is generated to suppress water fluctuations that exceed the upper limit.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and gyro stabilization system, characterized in that: Includes photovoltaic arrays, float units, gyro stabilization units, energy storage and power generation units, solar tracking units, and photovoltaic brackets; The float unit consists of several supporting floats and several energy storage tracking floats, distributed according to the photovoltaic array structure, wherein the tracking floats are interspersed among the supporting floats around the photovoltaic array; The gyro stabilization unit is vertically installed in each energy storage tracking float; the photovoltaic support is placed on the outer top of the energy storage tracking float and the supporting float; The energy storage and power generation unit includes an energy storage battery, an integrated electric motor / generator, a bidirectional inverter, a gyro stabilization platform, and a gyro spindle. The upper end of the gyro spindle is connected to the integrated electric motor / generator, and the lower end of the spindle is connected to the bottom of the energy storage tracking float via a sealed upper bearing, passing through the center of the gyro stabilization platform, and via a lower bearing. The gyro spindle is coaxial with and fixedly connected to the gyro stabilization platform. A variable-speed integrated electric motor / generator is mounted on the upper end of the gyro spindle. The solar tracking unit is an electric propeller connected to the bottom of the energy storage tracking pontoon via a 360-degree gimbal. The purpose is to control the 360-degree gimbal and the electric propeller to change the horizontal direction of the energy storage tracking pontoon, thereby controlling the photovoltaic array to maintain the optimal solar irradiance and the stability of the photovoltaic array position, while suppressing fluctuations exceeding the upper limit through reverse thrust. The photovoltaic support includes a flexible buffer and a support. The buffer is installed at one end of the support, located at the upper outer part of the energy storage tracking float around the main axis of the gyroscope, and at the upper outer part of the supporting float. The other end of the photovoltaic support is connected to the photovoltaic array. The flexible buffer overcomes a certain longitudinal amplitude surge and reduces the vertical vibration of the photovoltaic array.

2. The floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and gyro stabilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the energy storage tracking buoy and the support buoy have a truncated cone shape at the top and a conical shape at the bottom. The energy storage tracking buoy has a rigid sealed shell with a vacuum treatment inside, or it can be an inflatable buoy.

3. The floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and gyro stabilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage batteries are evenly placed on the gyro stabilization platform. The positive input / output terminals of the batteries are connected to the positive terminals of the bidirectional inverter via the positive power connection ring of the gyro spindle; the negative input / output terminals of the batteries are connected to the negative terminals of the bidirectional inverter via the negative power connection ring of the gyro spindle. When the photovoltaic system has surplus power, the energy storage batteries are charged through the positive and negative terminals of the bidirectional inverter, via the positive and negative power connection rings of the gyro spindle, and through the positive and negative input / output terminals of the batteries. This also increases the driving power of the integrated motor of the electric motor / generator, thereby increasing the rotational speed of the gyro stabilization platform. When providing instantaneous power support to the grid, the gyro stabilization platform drives the gyro spindle to drive the generator of the integrated electric motor / generator to generate electricity quickly and support the grid. When continuous grid support is required, the energy storage batteries supply power to the grid through the positive and negative power connection rings of the gyro spindle, via the positive and negative terminals of the bidirectional inverter.

4. A control method for a floating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and gyro stabilization system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: When the photovoltaic power generation has surplus power, the photovoltaic power generation charges the energy storage battery through the bidirectional inverter and increases the driving power of the motor through the electric motor / generator integrated machine to improve the speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform. Step 2: When providing instantaneous support to the power grid, and the rotational speed of the gyro stabilization platform is greater than the lower limit speed, the gyro stabilization platform drives the generator of the integrated electric motor / generator to generate electricity, providing rapid support to the power grid; Step 3: When continuous support to the grid is required, and the remaining power of the energy storage battery is greater than the lower limit of the remaining power, the energy storage battery supplies power to the grid through a bidirectional inverter. Step 4: When the surge is greater than the upper limit, and the photovoltaic is not generating electricity and the rotation speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform is less than the lower limit, the energy storage battery increases the rotation speed of the drive motor of the electric motor / generator integrated machine, thereby increasing the rotation speed of the gyroscope stabilization platform and keeping the photovoltaic array in a stable state. Step 5: To ensure the stability of the floating photovoltaic irradiance and the position of the photovoltaic array, the electric propeller is controlled by the GPS positioning controller to change the horizontal angle of the energy storage tracking pontoon, so as to keep the maximum irradiance of the floating photovoltaic synchronized with the movement of the sun and the position of the photovoltaic array stable. Step 6: By controlling the 360-degree gimbal and electric propeller in three dimensions, reverse thrust is generated to suppress water fluctuations that exceed the upper limit.

Images