Vibration hammer with electric motor

Abstract

A vibration hammer (1) for driving into or retrieving from the ground a sheet pile, a pipe or other element comprises a vibration box (2). Attached to the vibration box (2) is a clamp (17). The clamp (17) comprises a jaw (18) for clamping the sheet pile or other element. A yoke (3) is connected to the vibration box (2) by one or more vibration damping elements to suspend the vibration hammer (1) on a hoisting cable or similar. In the vibration box (2) are rotatably mounted an even number of eccentric weights arranged in pairs. The vibration hammer comprises at least one synchronous electric motor (13A) for driving the rotation of the eccentric weights.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a vibratory hammer for driving sheet piles, pipes, or other components into or from soil, the vibratory hammer comprising:

[0002] - Vibration box;

[0003] - An even number of paired eccentric weights, which are rotatably mounted in the vibration chamber;

[0004] - At least one drive motor for driving the rotation of the eccentric counterweight;

[0005] - A clamp attached to the vibration chamber, the clamp including grippers for holding sheet piles, pipes, or other components; and

[0006] - A yoke, which is used to suspend the vibratory hammer on the hoisting cable of a drilling rig, crane, etc., and the yoke is connected to the vibratory box through one or more vibration damping elements. Background Technology

[0007] Vibratory hammers are known in the art for driving or retrieving sheet piles, pipes, columns, etc., into soil. A vibratory hammer is actually suspended from a crane, drilling rig, or similar equipment. Sheet piles are held in place on the soil, for example, by clamps. Vibration is generated by operating an eccentric counterweight in the vibratory chamber, and the vibration is transmitted from the vibratory chamber to the sheet pile and the surrounding soil through the clamps.

[0008] Typically, vibratory hammers are equipped with hydraulic motors for driving the rotation of an eccentric counterweight. An example of such a vibratory hammer is shown in US2015 / 0027744A1. This so-called vibratory hammer comprises an upper weight set and a lower weight set, each driven by a hydraulic motor. The weight sets are interconnected by a transmission mechanism that allows the phase angle between the weight sets to be changed. Hydraulic motors advantageously provide high power while remaining relatively compact.

[0009] As an alternative to hydraulically driven vibratory hammers, electrically driven vibratory hammers have been proposed. The advantages are that they eliminate the need for a hydraulic power system, making the device more efficient, less complex to manufacture, and requiring less maintenance.

[0010] In particular, it is known to equip vibratory hammers with asynchronous electric motors. An example of such a vibratory hammer is disclosed in DE 10 2011 103 401 B4. In this particular vibratory hammer, eccentric counterweights are arranged in two pairs. Each eccentric counterweight is driven by a separate asynchronous electric motor, which is directly coupled to the eccentric shaft of the corresponding eccentric counterweight. In this particular vibratory hammer, the phase angle between the eccentric counterweights can be electronically adjusted. Although the direct coupling of a single asynchronous motor to the shaft of the eccentric counterweight is very attractive considering the simplicity of construction and the elimination of easily worn and maintenance-required hydraulic systems and transmission components, this known vibratory hammer is quite large compared to hydraulically driven vibratory hammers, and electrically driven vibratory hammers can provide much less power than (smaller) hydraulically driven vibratory hammers. Therefore, this known electrically driven vibratory hammer can only be used for relatively light applications. Furthermore, the larger vibratory hammer is more difficult to maneuver in place to position sheet piles or other components, which diminishes the practical use of this electrically driven vibratory hammer.

[0011] There are also known, heavier electrically driven vibratory hammers to meet higher power requirements. However, in this case, a larger asynchronous motor is placed on top of the vibratory housing, with the eccentric counterweight driven by the motor via a ring belt drive. Such a vibratory hammer is shown, for example, in CN 102839667. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to provide an alternative vibratory hammer.

[0013] This objective is achieved by a vibratory hammer used to drive sheet piles, pipes, or other components into or from the soil, the vibratory hammer comprising:

[0014] - Vibration box;

[0015] - An even number of paired eccentric counterweights, which are rotatably mounted in the vibration chamber;

[0016] - At least one drive motor for driving the rotation of the eccentric counterweight;

[0017] - A clamp connected to the vibratory chamber, the clamp including grippers for holding sheet piles, pipes, or other components; and

[0018] A yoke, used to suspend the vibratory hammer on a lifting cable or the like, the yoke being connected to the vibratory box via one or more vibration damping elements, wherein the at least one drive motor is a synchronous electric motor.

[0019] Specifically, the synchronous electric motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).

[0020] Synchronous motors, especially PMSMs, offer a more compact design for vibratory hammers, while providing power density (power per unit volume - W / m²) approaching that of hydraulically driven vibratory hammers. 3 ).

[0021] PMSMs can be axial flux type or radial flux type. The motor can be air-cooled or water-cooled.

[0022] Radial or axial flux type PMSMs have the potential to operate at much higher speeds than standard hydraulic motors (PMSMs at 10,000 rpm, compared to 3,000 rpm for hydraulic motors). This provides the opportunity to vibrate with the same centrifugal force but with lower inertial force.

[0023] At least one drive motor is preferably attached to the vibratory box. The vibratory box has a front and a rear side perpendicular to the eccentric shaft of the eccentric counterweight. The PMSM has a very limited dimension in the direction of its central axis; in other words, it is relatively flat. Therefore, the PMSM can be arranged on the outside of the front or rear side of the vibratory box without extending the size of the box in the direction parallel to the eccentric shaft.

[0024] In another possible embodiment, the motor can be integrated into an eccentric shaft, wherein the stator windings will be located inside the shaft, and the permanent magnets will be arranged around the windings inside the hollow shaft with eccentric counterweight. Thus, in this embodiment, both the stator windings and the permanent magnets are located within the eccentric shaft.

[0025] In a practical embodiment, the vibratory hammer includes four eccentric weights arranged in two pairs, one pair above the other. The central axes of the eccentric weights in one pair are parallel and lie in a substantially horizontal plane during use. The central axes of the eccentric weights in one pair are parallel to the central axes of the corresponding eccentric weights in the other pair and lie in a plane substantially perpendicular to them during use.

[0026] Nevertheless, it is possible to have vibratory hammers with, for example, six, eight, or even more eccentric counterweights. Furthermore, the eccentric counterweight pairs can be positioned adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction, rather than one pair positioned on top of another.

[0027] A vibratory hammer may include a drive motor for each pair of eccentric counterweights. The eccentric counterweights can be interconnected via meshing gears connected to the respective eccentric shafts. The synchronous electric motor has a drive shaft that carries a gear that meshes with one of the gears mounted on the eccentric shaft.

[0028] A synchronous shaft may be provided, carrying one or more synchronizing gears that mesh with gears of two pairs of eccentric counterweights to synchronize the rotation of the two pairs of eccentric counterweights. The synchronous shaft may include a phase angle adjustment feature, thereby changing the rotation angle between the two gears on the synchronous shaft, and thus changing the phase angle between the pairs of eccentric counterweights. An example of such a phase angle adjustment feature is shown in US 2015 / 0027744A1.

[0029] In another possible embodiment, the respective eccentric shafts can be directly connected to the drive shaft of the associated synchronous motor (PMSM). In this embodiment, each eccentric shaft and its corresponding eccentric counterweight thus has its own synchronous motor (PMSM). This allows for the omission of gears or other transmission elements, and allows for the possibility of synchronizing the eccentric counterweights by means of an electronic control system that controls the synchronous motor. Moreover, the adjustment of the phase angle between the eccentric counterweights in a pair can be accomplished by the electronic control system. The phase angle adjustment can also be performed between eccentric pairs. Therefore, in a possible embodiment, synchronization between the two eccentric counterweights in a pair can be achieved by gears, while the phase angle between different pairs can be electronically adjusted by means of a control system.

[0030] In a particular embodiment, the frequency driver or inverter associated with each individual PMSM is mounted on the vibratory hammer. This reduces the number and size of cables that must be routed to the vibratory hammer.

[0031] Preferably, an electronic control system is provided, which is connected to the frequency driver or inverter of each PMSM to control the synchronous motor. The control system can be configured to electronically control the phase angle between the eccentric counterweights. Furthermore, the control system can be configured to provide proportional control of centrifugal force and speed. Preferably, the vibratory hammer is operated and controlled with a constant centrifugal force, but at a proportional speed and therefore a vibration frequency, which can be set to a desired value. Thus, the control system allows the centrifugal force to be variably set, and the frequency that occurs accordingly to be selected and changed, thereby maintaining a constant force. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 A front elevation view of the vibratory hammer according to the present invention is shown.

[0034] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 Side elevation view of a vibratory hammer.

[0035] Figure 3 It shows crossing Figure 2 The cross-section of line AA shown in the figure.

[0036] Figure 4 It shows crossing Figure 1 The cross-section of the BB line shown in the figure.

[0037] Figure 5 A front elevation view of another vibratory hammer according to the invention is shown.

[0038] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 Side elevation view of the vibratory hammer.

[0039] Figure 7 It shows crossing Figure 6 The cross-section of the BB line shown, and

[0040] Figure 8 It shows crossing Figure 5 The cross-section of line AA shown in the figure. Detailed Implementation

[0041] exist Figures 1 to 4 The image schematically shows a vibratory hammer 1. The vibratory hammer 1 includes a vibratory housing 2 and a yoke 3.

[0042] The yoke 3 is a component designed to suspend the vibratory hammer 1 on a crane, drilling rig, or similar equipment. The yoke includes components that can engage with crane hooks or similar devices to attach the yoke to a lifting cable. In this specific embodiment, the yoke 3 includes a housing 4, which includes hook-like devices 7 to engage with the lifting hooks of a crane or drilling rig. The yoke 3 also includes an internal component 5 rigidly attached to the vibratory chamber 2. The internal component 5 is received within the housing 4 and connected to the housing 4 via a plurality of vibration-absorbing elements 6, for example, made of an elastomeric material. The vibration-absorbing elements 6 prevent vibrations generated by the operation of the vibratory hammer 1 within the vibratory chamber 2 from being transmitted to the equipment on which the vibratory hammer 1 is suspended.

[0043] Two pairs of rotating eccentric counterweights are arranged in the vibration chamber 2. One pair of eccentric counterweights is indicated by reference numeral 8A, and the other pair by reference numeral 8B. Eccentric counterweights 8A and 8B are respectively mounted on eccentric shafts 9A and 9B. Eccentric shafts 9A and 9B are mounted in the vibration chamber 2 via bearings 10. Gears 11A and 11B are respectively mounted on eccentric shafts 9A and 9B (see...). Figure 3 The gears 11A of the eccentric shafts 9A of the upper pair of eccentric weights 8A mesh with each other, thereby synchronizing the two eccentric weights 8A in the upper pair. Similarly, the gears 11B of the eccentric shafts 9B of the lower pair of eccentric weights 8B mesh with each other, thereby synchronizing the two eccentric weights 8B in the lower pair.

[0044] In the area near the eccentric counterweight pair of the vibration chamber 2, two permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) 13A and 13B are mounted on the outside of the vibration chamber 2. Specifically, motor 13A is arranged on the front side of the vibration chamber 2. The other motor 13B is arranged on the rear side of the vibration chamber 2. Each of the PMSMs 13A and 13B has a motor shaft, which is connected to a corresponding drive shaft 12A, 12B, which is rotatably mounted in the vibration chamber 2. Gear 14A is mounted on drive shaft 12A. Gear 14B is mounted on drive shaft 12B. Gear 14A meshes with one of gears 11A, and gear 14B meshes with one of gears 11B. Thus, motor 13A is arranged to drive the upper pair of eccentric counterweights 8A, and the other motor 13B is arranged to drive the lower pair of eccentric counterweights 8B.

[0045] On the other side of the eccentric weight pair 8B, a synchronous shaft 15 is mounted in the vibratory chamber 2. Two gears 16A and 16B are mounted on the synchronous shaft 15. Gear 16A meshes with one of gears 11A, and gear 16B meshes with one of gears 11B. Thus, through the synchronous shaft 15, the rotation of the upper pair of eccentric weights 8A is synchronized with the rotation of the lower pair of eccentric weights 8B. The gears 11A of the eccentric shaft 9A of the upper pair of eccentric weights 8A mesh with each other, thereby synchronizing the two eccentric weights 8A in the upper pair. During the start-up or shutdown phase, the rotational frequency decreases, which may cause resonance, potentially damaging the environment, such as nearby buildings. The synchronous shaft 15 may have an adjustment mechanism that can adjust the phase angle between the upper pair of eccentric weights and the lower pair of eccentric weights during the start-up and shutdown phases of the vibratory hammer 1, thereby preventing environmental resonance.

[0046] A clamp 17 is attached to the underside of the vibratory box 2. The clamp 17 includes grippers to hold the upper side of the sheet pile to be driven into or retrieved from the soil, or the upper side of another object. Vibration caused by the rotating eccentric counterweight is transmitted from the vibratory box 2 to the sheet pile or other object through the clamp 17, thereby vibrating and loosening the soil in which the sheet pile or other object is driven or retrieved.

[0047] Another possible embodiment of the vibratory hammer 21 is in Figures 5 to 8 As shown in the diagram. In this embodiment, similar components are made of... Figures 1 to 4The same reference numerals are used in the accompanying drawings, and the description of these components is the same as described above. This embodiment has four permanent magnet synchronous motors 23, which are mounted externally to the vibratory chamber 2 in a straight line with eccentric shafts 9A and 9B. In this embodiment, the respective motor shafts extending from the synchronous motors 23 are directly connected to the eccentric shafts 9A and 9B. Synchronization between the eccentric counterweights 8A and 8B is electronically achieved by a controller that controls the synchronous motors 23. The controller can also be configured to adjust the phase angle between the upper pair of eccentric counterweights 8A and the lower pair of eccentric counterweights 8A and 8B during the start-up and shut-down phases of the vibratory hammer 21.

[0048] In another possible embodiment, the vibratory hammer is Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 5 to 8 A hybrid of embodiments, wherein the eccentric counterweights 8A or 8B in a pair are driven by a motor and are synchronized by gears, as... Figure 3 As shown. The phase angle between these pairs can be electronically controlled by a controller instead of using a synchronization shaft 15, therefore the synchronization shaft 15 is omitted in such an embodiment.

[0049] The frequency driver or inverter associated with each individual synchronous electric motor 13A, 13B, 23 can be mounted on the vibratory hammer 1, 21, for example, on the yoke or the vibratory box. Alternatively, the frequency driver and inverter can be integrated into the motor. A higher-level control system not located on the vibratory hammer can be connected to the frequency driver and inverter via wired or wireless means and can be used to control the speed and synchronization of motors 13A, 13B, 23.

Claims

1. A vibratory hammer for driving sheet piles, pipes or other components into or from soil (1; 21), the vibratory hammer (1; 21) comprises: - Vibration box (2); - An even number of eccentric counterweights (8A, 8B) arranged in pairs, the eccentric counterweights being rotatably mounted in the vibration box (2); - At least one drive motor (13A, 13B; 23) for driving the rotation of the eccentric counterweights (8A, 8B); - A clamp (17) attached to the vibration box (2), the clamp including jaws (18) for clamping the sheet pile, pipe or other components; and - A yoke (3) for suspending the vibratory hammer (1) on a lifting cable, the yoke (3) being connected to the vibratory box (2) via one or more vibration damping elements (6). The feature is that the at least one drive motor (13A, 13B; 23) is a synchronous electric motor, wherein the synchronous electric motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).

2. The vibratory hammer according to claim 1, wherein, The synchronous electric motor is attached to the vibration box (2).

3. The vibratory hammer according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one drive motor is integrated in an eccentric shaft, wherein the stator winding is located inside the eccentric shaft, and permanent magnets are arranged around the stator winding inside the hollow shaft of the eccentric counterweight.

4. The vibratory hammer according to claim 1, wherein, The vibratory hammer (1; 21) includes four eccentric counterweights (8A, 8B), which are arranged in two pairs of eccentric counterweights, one pair of which is on top of the other pair of eccentric counterweights.

5. The vibratory hammer according to claim 1, wherein, The eccentric weights (8A, 8B) in a pair of eccentric counterweights are synchronized by one or more gears (11A, 11B).

6. The vibratory hammer according to claim 1, wherein, Different pairs of eccentric counterweights (8A, 8B) are synchronized via one or more gears (16A, 16B).

7. The vibratory hammer according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the eccentric counterweights (8A, 8B) is directly driven by one of the synchronous electric motors.

8. The vibratory hammer according to claim 1, wherein, Each pair of eccentric counterweights (8A, 8B) is driven by one of the synchronous electric motors.

9. The vibratory hammer according to claim 1, wherein, A frequency driver or inverter associated with each individual synchronous electric motor is mounted on the vibratory hammer (1; 21).

10. The vibratory hammer according to claim 9, wherein, The frequency driver and / or inverter are integrated into the synchronous electric motor.

11. The vibratory hammer according to claim 9, wherein, An electronic control system is provided, which is connected to the frequency driver or inverter of each synchronous electric motor to control the synchronous electric motor.

12. The vibratory hammer according to claim 11, wherein, The control system is configured to electronically control the phase angle between the eccentric weights (8A, 8B) or the eccentric weight pairs.

13. The vibratory hammer according to claim 11, wherein, The control system is configured to provide proportional control of centrifugal force and speed so as to operate with a constant centrifugal force, but at a proportional speed and therefore at a vibrational frequency.

14. The vibratory hammer according to claim 2, wherein, The synchronous electric motor is attached to the outside of the vibration box (2).

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