An ecological substrate for the attached growth of microorganisms and the degradation of pollutants

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection. The ecological substrate includes an upper pendulum of the ecological substrate and a bottom pedestal of the ecological substrate. The upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is connected to the bottom pedestal of the ecological substrate. A plurality of microporous structures and macroporous structures are provided on the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate. The microporous structures are located on one side of the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate, and the macroporous structures are located on the other side of the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate. Installation method of the ecological substrate: For river waters, the horizontal spacing of the ecological substrates within each cross-section of each river is 0.5 m, and the longitudinal spacing of the ecological substrates between different cross-sections is 0.5 m - 3 m; for lake waters, the ecological substrates are arranged in the near-shore and central waters. The horizontal spacing of the ecological substrates within each row is 0.5 m. The farther away from the shore, the wider the longitudinal spacing between the ecological substrates. The spacing of the ecological substrates on the shore is 1 m - 2 m, and the spacing of the ecological substrates far from the shore is 3 m - 5 m. It is experimentally confirmed that the film hanging time is significantly shortened and the water quality restoration effect is improved, having great economic value and practical effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and specifically relates to an ecological substrate for the attachment growth and degradation of pollutants by microorganisms. Background Art

[0002] An ecological substrate, also known as artificial aquatic plants, is a new type of and highly efficient ecological carrier. It integrates the principles of disciplines such as materials science, microbiology, and water body ecology. Using food-grade raw materials and through patented weaving technology, it is made into a microbial carrier with a high specific surface area and high load. It is an environmental protection product that fundamentally solves the problem of water body purification through ecological restoration methods.

[0003] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, this technology takes the ecological substrate (high-efficiency microbial carrier) as the core, and the principle and process are as follows: when the ecological substrate is put into water, the native microorganisms originally suspended in the water and attached to the plant roots are enriched on the surface of the ecological substrate. Due to the existence of the ecological substrate, these microorganisms find a more suitable living space, thus cultivating a more diverse and huge number of microorganisms adapted to the water body. Through the absorption and decomposition of organic matter and nutrient salts in the water body by the microorganisms, pollutants are degraded, and the self-purification ability of the water body is strengthened; with the improvement of the water quality of the water body, a large number of aquatic animals and plants begin to grow and reproduce continuously, thus gradually restoring the good ecological system of the water body and keeping the water quality in a long-term good and stable state.

[0004] The technical characteristics of the above ecological substrate are as follows:

[0005] (1) Pure ecological method, safe and pollution-free; avoiding the ecological risks brought by measures such as adding foreign microbial strains and adding chemical agents.

[0006] (2) Through a high-efficiency microbial carrier, developing and naturally cultivating native microbial communities, with rich microbial species and a huge number, and the degradation of pollutants is very sufficient.

[0007] (3) It can be compatible with technologies such as water body circulation, aeration and reoxygenation, or sediment purification, and quickly achieve the treatment goal.

[0008] (4) Quick effect, while improving the water quality of the water body, enhancing the self-purification ability of the water ecosystem.

[0009] (5) Long-lasting effect, capable of maintaining the water body in a healthy state for a long time and continuously maintaining the landscape effect of the water body.

[0010] The application fields of the above ecological substrate are as follows:

[0011] (1) Treatment and ecological restoration of urban polluted rivers (black and odorous water bodies).

[0012] (2) Treatment, ecological restoration and long-term water quality maintenance of lakes and reservoirs.

[0013] (3) Ecological establishment and long-term water quality maintenance of artificial landscape water bodies such as artificial lakes.

[0014] Chinese Patent, Application No.: CN201020507823.0, Publication No.: CN201785239U, discloses an ornamental water quality improvement ecological base, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0015] "A cylindrical body surrounded by sheet-shaped BDF type three-water efficient ecological base. There is a heavy object at the lower part of the cylindrical body to make the ornamental water quality improvement ecological base sink, and an aeration pipe is provided below the heavy object. Through the cylindrical body surrounded by the sheet-shaped BDF type three-water efficient ecological base, with a heavy object at the lower part of the cylindrical body to make the ornamental water quality improvement ecological base sink and an aeration pipe below the heavy object, the BDF type three-water efficient ecological base can sink or suspend in the sewage. By using the phagocytosis of the three-water efficient ecological base on organic pollutants, the content of organic pollutants in the water body is greatly reduced. In addition, the aeration pipe is used to achieve the oxygen content in the water body, greatly improving the water quality."

[0016] Another example is Chinese Patent, Application No.: CN201821880534.8, Publication No.: CN209383497U, which discloses an ecological base placed in water, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0017] "Including: the upper part of the ecological base and the bottom edge of the ecological base; among them, the upper part of the ecological base has buoyancy to float; the bottom edge of the ecological base is provided with a sleeve, and the sleeve is filled with a counterweight to provide gravity; the counterweight can adsorb microorganisms to attach. In this utility model, when the heavy object is placed into the sleeve, the interlayer provides buoyancy for the whole ecological base, and the ecological base can be placed statically in the water under the action of the heavy object. At the same time, the heavy object uses porous materials such as heavy ceramsite and permeable brick chips, which can adsorb microorganisms to attach, thus greatly increasing the types of microorganisms, meeting the requirements of the ecological base floating in the water, and enriching the types of ecological bases."

[0018] Another example is Chinese Patent, Application No.: CN202022810826.8, Publication No.: CN213865593U, which discloses a conveniently installed ecological base, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0019] "An ecological substrate that is convenient to install, comprising a pool body, an ecological substrate body, a regulating rod, and a cross block. Above the left side of the pool body, an air pump is fixedly connected, and a main aeration pipe is fixedly installed on the right side of the air pump. A secondary aeration pipe is fixedly connected below the main aeration pipe, and an ecological substrate support block is connected to the outside of the lower side of the secondary aeration pipe. Support rods are connected between the monomers of the ecological substrate support block, and an ecological substrate body is connected to the outside of the support rods. An aeration disc is fixedly installed at the lower end of the secondary aeration pipe. A support base is fixedly installed to the right of the air pump, and a rocker is connected above the support base. An adjusting rod is connected to the inside of the support base, and an adjusting block is connected to the outside of the lower side of the adjusting rod. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the inside of the adjusting block. The lower end of the adjusting rod is rotatably connected to a connecting block, and a cross block is fixedly installed inside the connecting block. A hole groove is formed inside the cross block. A receiving rod is rotatably connected to the connecting block on the upper right side of the cross block. Preferably, the support rods are arranged at equal angles on the ecological substrate support block, and the ecological substrate support block is connected to the secondary aeration pipe in a sliding manner. Preferably, the aeration disc is communicated with the main aeration pipe through the secondary aeration pipe, and the secondary aeration pipes are arranged at equal intervals on the main aeration pipe. Preferably, the rocker is connected to the upper end of the adjusting rod in a meshing manner, and the rocker is connected to the support base in a rotating manner. Preferably, the adjusting block on the left side of the connecting rod is connected to the adjusting rod in a threaded manner, and the adjusting block on the right side of the connecting rod is connected to the receiving rod in a sliding manner, and the connecting rod is integrally formed with the ecological substrate support block by injection molding. Preferably, the hole grooves are arranged at equal intervals in the cross block, and the positions of the aeration disc on the cross block and the ecological substrate support block are correspondingly arranged".

[0020] The above three pieces of prior art all have the following problems:

[0021] It can only supply the growth and colonization of some anaerobic bacteria or autotrophic bacteria. At the same time, it is not convenient to install, the utilization rate of oxygen is low, resulting in poor pollution treatment effect. Summary of the Invention

[0022] 1. Problems to be Solved

[0023] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an ecological substrate for the attachment growth and degradation of pollutants by microorganisms. The prepared ecological substrate has the following characteristics: a high biological attachment surface area, a suitable pore structure, a super weaving technology and a two-sided structure design, an active and intelligent bionic waterweed morphology design, and the use of pure inert materials that are friendly to the ecological environment. Generally speaking, each square meter of the ecological substrate can provide a biological attachment surface area of about 200 square meters for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and algae in water, thus realizing the basic conditions for an efficient microbial community. The ecological substrate material provides a huge cave-like space for the reproduction of the microbial population with bio-friendly materials, thus providing the most ideal conditions for realizing microbial diversity and establishing an efficient water ecosystem. The functional characteristics of the two-sided designed ecological substrate (BDF type) are not only beneficial to the growth of bacteria (such as nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria), but also beneficial to the growth of algae. On the one hand, the waterweed type design enables the dissolved organic matter in water to fully contact the biofilm on the ecological substrate, and on the other hand, it plays a role in making the water flow uniform, thus greatly increasing the chance of these pollutants being degraded. The active and intelligent technology of the ecological substrate combines the high efficiency of artificial media and the three-dimensional dynamic naturalness of natural waterweeds.

[0024] 2. Technical Solution

[0025] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0026] An ecological substrate for the attachment growth and degradation of pollutants by microorganisms, the ecological substrate includes an upper swing of the ecological substrate and a bottom base of the ecological substrate. The upper swing of the ecological substrate is connected to the bottom base of the ecological substrate. A plurality of micropore structures and macropore structures are formed on the upper swing of the ecological substrate. Among them, the micropore structures are located on one side of the upper swing of the ecological substrate, and the macropore structures are located on the other side of the upper swing of the ecological substrate;

[0027] The upper swing of the ecological substrate is in the shape of a waterweed;

[0028] The thickness of the upper swing of the ecological substrate is 5.00 mm - 6.20 mm,

[0029] The unit area mass of the upper swing of the ecological substrate is 450 g / m 2 - 650 g / m 2 ,

[0030] The relative density of the upper swing of the ecological substrate after 24-hour immersion is less than or equal to 0.30 g / cm 3 ,

[0031] The specific surface area of the upper swing of the ecological substrate is greater than or equal to 0.8×10 4 m 2 / m 3 ,

[0032] The longitudinal tensile strength of the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is greater than or equal to 6.0 kN / m,

[0033] The transverse tensile strength of the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is greater than or equal to 6.0 kN / m

[0034] The CBR bursting strength of the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is greater than or equal to 1200 N,

[0035] The thermal stability of the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is less than or equal to 2%,

[0036] The water absorption of the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is less than or equal to 3%.

[0037] In the ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation described above, the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is several strip-shaped objects with the same shape.

[0038] In the ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation described above, a counterweight is arranged on the bottom base of the ecological substrate.

[0039] In the ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation described above, the counterweight is a sandbag body.

[0040] In the ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation described above, the particle size range of the microporous structure is 1 μm - 5 μm;

[0041] The particle size range of the macroporous structure is 80 μm - 350 μm.

[0042] In the ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation described above, the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is made of a closed-cell foam material,

[0043] The density of the upper pendulum of the ecological substrate is less than the density of water.

[0044] In the ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation described above, the installation method of the ecological substrate is as follows:

[0045] For river waters, the transverse spacing of the ecological substrates within each cross-section of each river is 0.5 m, and the longitudinal spacing between different cross-sections of the ecological substrates is 0.5 m - 3 m;

[0046] For lake waters, the ecological substrates are arranged in the near-shore and central waters. The transverse spacing of the ecological substrates within each row is 0.5 m. The farther away from the shore, the wider the longitudinal spacing between the ecological substrates. The spacing of the ecological substrates near the shore is 1 m - 2 m, and the spacing of the ecological substrates far from the shore is 3 m - 5 m.

[0047] It should be noted that the appearance of the ecological substrate: The ecological substrate is a two-sided design. Both sides are green (or one side is white), there is foam in the middle, and the filamentous structure on the surface is dense on one side and loose on the other; The material of the ecological substrate: It is composed of composite materials such as polyester fiber.

[0048] For the above-mentioned ecological substrate used for the fixation and growth of microorganisms and the degradation of pollutants, the preparation method of the material of the upper pendulum (1) of the ecological substrate is as follows:

[0049] Select propylene, butadiene, dodecyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and stearic acid for preliminary mixing. The mass ratio between propylene, butadiene, dodecyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and stearic acid is 6:12:5:3:4. The mixing temperature is 65°C - 85°C, and the mixing pressure is 1.2 MPa - 2.0 MPa;

[0050] Subsequently, add calcium carbonate and azobisisobutyronitrile. The mass ratio between calcium carbonate and azobisisobutyronitrile is 1:2. After stirring and mixing evenly, stand still and charge nitrogen at 45°C for reaction for 12 h;

[0051] Finally, add sodium polyacrylate and maleic anhydride. The mass ratio between sodium polyacrylate and maleic anhydride is 3:5. After stirring and mixing evenly, transfer to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion molding treatment, and that's it.

[0052] 3. Beneficial effects

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0054] The prepared ecological substrate has the following characteristics: high biological attachment surface area, suitable pore structure, adopting super weaving technology and two-sided structure design, active and intelligent bionic waterweed shape design, and using pure inert materials and being friendly to the ecological environment; Generally speaking, each square meter of the ecological substrate can provide a biological attachment surface area of about 200 square meters at most for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and algae in water, thus realizing the basic conditions for an efficient microbial community. The ecological substrate material provides a huge cave-like space for the reproduction of the microbial population with bio-friendly materials, thus providing the most ideal conditions for realizing microbial diversity and establishing an efficient water ecosystem. The functional characteristics of the two-sided design ecological substrate (BDF type) are not only beneficial to the growth of bacteria (such as nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria), but also beneficial to the growth of algae. The waterweed shape design on the one hand enables the dissolved organic matter in water to fully contact the biofilm on the ecological substrate, and on the other hand plays a role in making the water flow uniform, thus greatly increasing the chance of these pollutants being degraded. The active intelligent technology of the ecological substrate combines the high efficiency of artificial media and the three-dimensional dynamic naturalness of natural waterweeds. Description of the drawings

[0055] Figure 1It is the "pyramid schematic diagram" of the water ecosystem in the background technology of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 It is the treatment diagram of the ecological base technology for artificial landscape water bodies in the background technology of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 It is the treatment diagram of (A) the central lake in Zhengzhou CDB and (B) the Dajinzhong Lake in Mingquanju, Guangzhou in the background technology of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 It is the structural diagram of the ecological base in the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 It is the physical diagram of the ecological base in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 It is the biological photo and microporous structure photo of an ecological base fiber filament under an optical microscope in the present invention. Figure A is a demonstration, and Figure B is the microscopic picture of the prepared ecological base;

[0061] Figure 7 It is the structural schematic diagram of the prepared ecological base in the present invention. Figure A is the display diagram of one side and the other side of the ecological base, and Figure B is the schematic diagram of bacteria adsorption on both sides of the ecological base;

[0062] Figure 8 It is the morphological design diagram of the ecological base bionic waterweed in the present invention;

[0063] Figure 9 It is the growth situation diagram of the biological film on the surface of the ecological base in the present invention. Figure A is the growth situation diagram underwater, and Figure B is the growth situation diagram after taking it out of the water surface;

[0064] Figure 10 It is the layout schematic diagram of the ecological base in the river course of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 11 It is the installation schematic diagram of the ecological base in the present invention (installation method one);

[0066] Figure 12 It is the installation schematic diagram of the ecological base in the present invention (installation method two);

[0067] Figure 13 It is the installation schematic diagram of the ecological base in the present invention (installation method three);

[0068] Figure 14 It is the installation schematic diagram of the ecological base in the present invention (installation method four);

[0069] Figure 15 It is the installation process schematic diagram of the BDF type ecological base in the present invention;

[0070] Figure 16This is the artificial lake in Jinbi Tianxia of Qingyuan (Evergrande Real Estate) in the present invention.

[0071] In the figure:

[0072] 1 - Ecological base upper part; 2 - Ecological base bottom pedestal. Specific implementation mode

[0073] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0074] As Figure 4 shown in Figure 5 the ecological base for the microbial attachment growth and degradation of pollutants in the present invention, the ecological base includes an ecological base upper part 1 and an ecological base bottom pedestal 2, the ecological base upper part 1 is connected to the ecological base bottom pedestal 2, and a plurality of microporous structures and macroporous structures are provided on the ecological base upper part 1, wherein the microporous structures are located on one side of the ecological base upper part 1, and the macroporous structures are located on the other side of the ecological base upper part 1;

[0075] The ecological base upper part 1 is in the shape of aquatic plants;

[0076] The thickness of the ecological base upper part 1 is 5.00 mm - 6.20 mm,

[0077] The unit area mass of the ecological base upper part 1 is 450 g / m 2 -650 g / m 2 ,

[0078] The relative density of the ecological base upper part 1 after 24 - hour immersion is less than or equal to 0.30 g / cm 3 ,

[0079] The specific surface area of the ecological base upper part 1 is greater than or equal to 0.8×10 4 m 2 / m 3 ,

[0080] The longitudinal tensile strength of the ecological base upper part 1 is greater than or equal to 6.0 kN / m,

[0081] The transverse tensile strength of the ecological base upper part 1 is greater than or equal to 6.0 kN / m

[0082] The CBR bursting strength of the ecological base upper part 1 is greater than or equal to 1200 N,

[0083] The thermal stability (72 °C, 2 h) of the ecological base upper part 1 is less than or equal to 2%,

[0084] The water absorption of the ecological base upper part 1 is less than or equal to 3%.

[0085] As shown in Table 1, multiple ecological substrates produced by this application are presented as follows:

[0086] Table 1 Product Series Models of Ecological Substrates (Artificial Aquatic Weeds)

[0087]

[0088] Among the above-mentioned ecological substrates for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation,

[0089] The upper pendulum 1 of the ecological substrate is composed of several strip-shaped objects with the same shape.

[0090] Among the above-mentioned ecological substrates for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation,

[0091] A counterweight is provided on the bottom base 2 of the ecological substrate.

[0092] Among the above-mentioned ecological substrates for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation,

[0093] The counterweight is a sandbag body.

[0094] Among the above-mentioned ecological substrates for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation,

[0095] The particle size range of the microporous structure is 1um - 5um;

[0096] The particle size range of the macroporous structure is 80um - 350um.

[0097] Among the above-mentioned ecological substrates for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation,

[0098] The upper pendulum 1 of the ecological substrate is made of closed-cell foam material,

[0099] The density of the upper pendulum 1 of the ecological substrate is less than the density of water.

[0100] Among the above-mentioned ecological substrates for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation,

[0101] The installation method of the ecological substrate is as follows:

[0102] For river waters, the horizontal spacing of the ecological substrates within each cross-section of each river is 0.5m, and the vertical spacing between ecological substrates in different cross-sections is 0.5m - 3m;

[0103] For lake waters, the ecological substrates are arranged in the near-shore and central waters. The horizontal spacing of the ecological substrates within each row is 0.5m. The farther away from the shore, the wider the vertical spacing between the ecological substrates. The spacing of the ecological substrates near the shore is 1m - 2m, and the spacing of the ecological substrates far from the shore is 3m - 5m.

[0104] It should be noted that the preparation method of the material of the ecological base 1 used for microbial fixation growth and pollutant degradation in this application is as follows:

[0105] Propylene, butadiene, dodecyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and stearic acid are selected for preliminary mixing, wherein the mass ratio of propylene, butadiene, dodecyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and stearic acid is 6:12:5:3:4, the mixing temperature is 80°C, and the mixing pressure is 1.6MPa;

[0106] Then, calcium carbonate and azobisisobutyronitrile were added, wherein the mass ratio of calcium carbonate to azobisisobutyronitrile was 1:2, and after stirring and mixing, the mixture was allowed to stand at 45°C and filled with nitrogen for 12 hours;

[0107] Finally, add sodium polyacrylate and maleic anhydride, wherein the mass ratio of sodium polyacrylate to maleic anhydride is 3:5, stir and mix well, then transfer to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion molding.

[0108] In the above preparation method, the mass ratios of butadiene, dodecyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, stearic acid, calcium carbonate, azobisisobutyronitrile, sodium polyacrylate and maleic anhydride are in the same proportion.

[0109] After testing, the analysis is as follows:

[0110] (1) If only butadiene is used to prepare the eco-based pendulum 1, the effect is general, which is not conducive to the adhesion and colonization of microorganisms in water, and the surface of the eco-based pendulum 1 is prone to accumulate negative charges, which is not conducive to the adsorption of conventional negatively charged Gram-negative bacteria (for example, degradable Pseudomonas aeruginosa); at the same time, polyvinyl alcohol and stearic acid are conventional material preparation adjuvants, which help to improve the flowability of butadiene when it is melted and avoid the situation of inconsistent polymerization degree; dodecyl acrylate is the first substance added, which can enhance the internal cavitation effect of butadiene and promote the generated butadiene to have more internal pore structure, avoiding the situation of the eco-based pendulum 1 sinking to the bottom of the water. If dodecyl acrylate is removed, the inside of butadiene needs to be made into a hollow cavity to achieve this, but the actual use effect is poor. Once a leak occurs, the entire eco-based pendulum 1 may sink to the bottom of the water; other acrylate substances (for example, methyl acrylate, etc.) were tried at the same time, but the effect was poor. If the proportion of dodecyl acrylate is increased or decreased, the improvement of the surface properties of butadiene is limited;

[0111] (2) Azobisisobutyronitrile and maleic anhydride are less commonly used in olefin raw materials. Azobisisobutyronitrile can improve the dissolution resistance of butadiene, and maleic anhydride can improve the sponge-like structure of butadiene. Among them, the CN group of azobisisobutyronitrile cooperates with the conjugated bond of butadiene to form a composite bond structure, which is conducive to the formation of a granular structure after the polymerization of butadiene and enhances its specific surface area.

[0112] The above-prepared ecological base has strong stability and is easy to remain stable and non-degradable in water for a long time. At the same time, it also has good biological properties, such as parameters like specific surface area. Specifically, compared with traditional PVC or PE materials, taking the conventional aquatic microorganism Bacillus subtilis (purchased from the Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, numbered: EZ-178) as an example, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 1.2x10 3 cuf / mL. After culturing the prepared ecological base, the ecological base without dodecyl acrylate with the same body surface area, the ecological base without azobisisobutyronitrile with the same body surface area, the ecological base without maleic anhydride with the same body surface area, the ecological base of PVC with the same body surface area, and the ecological base of PE with the same body surface area for 7 days, the results are as follows:

[0113] Test method: Determination of biological load. Take a certain amount of aerobic biofilm material containing domestication liquid, rinse the surface suspension with a small amount of clear water, and then dry it to a constant weight at 105°C, and record the weight as W0; then place the dried membrane material in a 5% NaOH aqueous solution, heat and stir it in a constant temperature water bath at 80°C for 1 hour until the biofilm completely peels off, then discard the demoulding alkali solution, rinse it with a small amount of clear water, and dry it to a constant weight at 105°C, and record the weight as W1; Biological load = (W0 - W1) / W1, that is, the amount of biofilm attached to the unit weight carrier, expressed in mg / g dry carrier. There are 3 parallels in each group.

[0114] The average biofilm amount of the microorganisms on the surface of the ecological base of this application: 123.7 mg / g;

[0115] The average biofilm amount of the microorganisms on the surface of the ecological base without dodecyl acrylate: 82.5 mg / g;

[0116] The average biofilm amount of the microorganisms on the surface of the ecological base without azobisisobutyronitrile: 70.3 mg / g;

[0117] The average biofilm amount of the microorganisms on the surface of the ecological base without maleic anhydride: 86.9 mg / g;

[0118] The average biofilm amount of the microorganisms on the surface of the ecological base of PVC: 53.8 mg / g;

[0119] The average biofilm amount of the microorganisms on the surface of the ecological base of PE: 32.4 mg / g;

[0120] It can be seen that the ecological substrate prepared in this application can carry more microorganisms and meet the long-term use under water. Specifically, the use of dodecyl acrylate, azodiisobutyronitrile, and maleic anhydride plays a certain role in the formation of the surface cavity effect and the surface roughness of the ecological substrate, while the performance of ordinary PVC or PE materials is poor.

[0121] The following describes the performance advantages brought by the ecological substrate prepared with the specific chemical formula of this application. In particular, its high specific surface area endows it with a good biological attachment surface area, which is conducive to the colonization and growth of various microbial communities.

[0122] The ecological substrate prepared in this application is a new type of and highly efficient ecological carrier. It integrates disciplines such as materials science, microbiology, and water ecology. Using food-grade raw materials and through patented weaving technology, it is made into a product with a high specific surface area and high load, which is an environmental protection product that fundamentally solves the problem of water purification by ecological restoration methods. It has the following main characteristics:

[0123] (1) High biological attachment surface area

[0124] Each square meter of the ecological substrate can provide a biological attachment surface area of up to about 200 square meters for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and algae in water, thus realizing the basic conditions for an efficient microbial community.

[0125] As shown in Table 2, a comparison of the biological attachment surface areas of the ecological substrate and other carriers was carried out.

[0126] Table 2

[0127] carrier bioattachment surface area wetlands and natural plants <![CDATA[5m 2 / m 2 > biological growth object (such as rope-like material) <![CDATA[50m 2 / m 2 > honeycomb artificial carrier <![CDATA[88m 2 / m 2 > ecological substrate (BDF type) <![CDATA[200m 2 / m 2 >

[0128] (2) Appropriate pore structure

[0129] As Figure 6 shown, the pore structure inside the ecological substrate material is carefully designed and modified through advanced technology. Micro-pores of different sizes are designed for various morphologies of microorganisms.

[0130] The ecological substrate material uses bio-friendly materials to provide a huge cave-like space for the reproduction of microbial populations. Micro-pores (1 - 5 μm) are designed for heterotrophic organisms (such as heterotrophic bacteria), and large pores (80 - 350 μm) are designed for autotrophic organisms (such as algae), thus providing the most ideal conditions for realizing microbial diversity and establishing an efficient water ecosystem.

[0131] (3) Adopt super weaving technology and two-sided structure design

[0132] As Figure 7As shown in the figure, the functional characteristics of the two-sided ecological substrate (BDF type):

[0133] ① The dense design of the white side (1 - 5μm) is beneficial to the growth of bacteria (such as nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria);

[0134] ② The loose design of the green side (80 - 350μm) is beneficial to the growth of algae;

[0135] ③ The core of the closed foam gives them the appearance of aquatic plants while maintaining the buoyancy of the ecological substrate;

[0136] ④ The complete fixed base enables the ecological substrate to be placed in the appropriate position in the water body.

[0137] (4) Active and intelligent bionic aquatic plant form design

[0138] As Figure 8 shown in and Table 3, on the one hand, the aquatic plant type design enables the dissolved organic matter in the water to fully contact the biofilm on the ecological substrate, and on the other hand, it plays a role in making the water flow uniform, thus greatly increasing the chance of these pollutants being degraded. The active and intelligent technology of the ecological substrate combines the high efficiency of artificial media and the three-dimensional dynamic naturalness of natural aquatic plants.

[0139] Table 3

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] (5) Pure inert materials, friendly to the ecological environment

[0143] As Figure 9 shown, the durability and environmental safety test results of the ecological substrate materials using food industry - grade raw material standards show that the ecological substrate will not decompose in water and has no harm to the natural environment.

[0144] The layout area and method of the ecological substrate in this application are as follows:

[0145] The layout of the ecological substrate is usually carried out in combination with the actual situation of the river water quality, function, river shape, shoreline, etc. To maximize the treatment effect of the ecological substrate system, the ecological substrate is mainly arranged in a relatively concentrated way, relatively concentrated in the near - shore area, accounting for about 70% of the total amount of the ecological substrate.

[0146] Based on the characteristics of river pollution and combined with the aeration situation, the ecological substrate is usually arranged in a relatively concentrated way according to the conditions of each water area. Generally, there are the following layout areas:

[0147] ① Key treatment reaches: The key treatment reaches determined according to the river pollution situation and technical measures (such as enhanced treatment reaches, etc.). The ecological substrates should be densely arranged in this area to enhance the overall treatment effect.

[0148] ② Key pollution areas: Refer to the main waters where the pollutant concentration is relatively high or external pollution (including scattered sewage discharge outlets, etc.) enters. The water quality of such waters is much worse than that of other waters. Arranging ecological substrates here can enhance the treatment effect, rapidly degrade pollutants, and reduce the pollution load.

[0149] ③ Shore protection belts: The shore areas are often impacted by non-point source pollution (such as surface runoff carrying a large amount of pollutants during the rainy season). Placing a certain amount of ecological substrates can form a protection belt, which can effectively reduce the entering pollutants, maintain the water quality stability, and at the same time enhance the treatment effect on the water body shore.

[0150] ④ Near the push-flow aeration equipment: The dissolved oxygen is sufficient in this area, and the water flow is strong in terms of flow and exchange. Arranging ecological substrates here will effectively improve the working efficiency of the ecological substrates.

[0151] ⑤ Under the bridge or other hidden places: The ecological substrates can be densely arranged in this area, and arranging them under the bridge has no impact on the landscape.

[0152] The selection of the ecological substrates in this application is as follows:

[0153] The model (height) of the ecological substrate is determined according to the water depth. When the ecological substrate is placed on the bottom of the water, it is generally required that the distance from the upper edge of its vine to the water surface should be about 50 cm, not less than 30 cm, aiming to ensure that some microorganisms (such as attached algae) on the ecological substrate can obtain sunlight.

[0154] The installation method of the ecological substrates in this application is as follows:

[0155] As Figure 10 shown, the installation requirements are:

[0156] (1) When the ecological substrate is placed on the bottom of the water, the distance from the upper edge of its vine to the water surface should meet the requirements.

[0157] (2) The surface of the ecological substrate should be as perpendicular to the water flow direction as possible.

[0158] (3) When the ecological substrates are arranged in the water body, the spacing between each piece and each row is determined according to the water body volume, the amount of ecological substrates used, the plane layout drawing, etc.

[0159] Note: For rivers, the ecological base spacing within each cross-section (i.e., the lateral spacing) is approximately 0.5 m, and the ecological base layout spacing between different cross-sections (i.e., the longitudinal spacing) is approximately 0.5 - 3 m. For lakes, the ecological bases are mainly arranged in the nearshore and central waters. The ecological base spacing within each row (i.e., the lateral spacing) is approximately 0.5 m. The farther away from the shore, the wider the spacing between the ecological bases (i.e., the longitudinal spacing). The ecological base spacing at the shore is generally 1 - 2 m, and the ecological base spacing far from the shore is generally 3 - 5 m.

[0160] Installation method 1: Directly submerged installation, as Figure 11 shown,

[0161] (1) Fill the bottom sleeve with sand or gravel. (2) Seal both ends of the sleeve. (3) Place it in the appropriate position or directly drop it into the water body.

[0162] Note: Installation method 1 is mainly applicable to rivers and lakes with less bottom sediment and low water flow velocity.

[0163] Installation method 2: Suspended sleeve installation, as Figure 12 shown,

[0164] (1) Insert an empty pipe into the bottom sleeve. (2) Fix ropes at both ends of the empty pipe and add weights (such as cement blocks, etc.). (3) Directly drop it into the water body.

[0165] Note: Installation method 2 is mainly applicable to rivers and lakes with thick bottom sediment and easy bottom siltation.

[0166] Installation method 3: Drilling and weight - hanging installation, as Figure 13 shown,

[0167] (1) Insert one end of the thin steel wire rope into the hole of the ecological base and tie it tightly. (2) Insert the other end of the thin steel wire rope into the hook on the precast concrete component and tie it tightly. (3) After alignment, directly drop it into the water body.

[0168] Note: Installation method 3 is mainly applicable to rivers with particularly large water flow velocity and high flood control requirements (this method requires drilling holes in the ecological base and customizing precast concrete components).

[0169] Installation method 4: Hook - fixed installation, as Figure 14 shown,

[0170] (1) Embed expansion bolts with hooks in the pool wall. (2) Fix the ecological base with ropes: Pass a PVC pipe through the sleeve, and then pass a rope (such as a steel wire rope, etc.) through the PVC pipe. (3) Fix both ends of the rope on the hooks on the pool wall.

[0171] Note: Installation method 4 is mainly applicable to rivers with particularly large water flow velocity and high flood control requirements (the river bank is required to be a vertical concrete or masonry structure).

[0172] From Figure 15 and Figure 16 It can be seen that the actual application effect of the ecological substrate of the present application is very good.

[0173] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention.

[0174] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative manner of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation, characterized in that: The ecological substrate includes an upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) and a bottom base of the ecological substrate (2). The upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is connected to the bottom base of the ecological substrate (2). A plurality of microporous structures and macroporous structures are provided on the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1), wherein the microporous structures are located on one side of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1), and the macroporous structures are located on the other side of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1); The upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is in the shape of aquatic plants; The thickness of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is 5.00 mm - 6.20 mm, The mass per unit area of the ecological substrate upper layer (1) is 450 g / m 2 - 650 g / m 2 , The relative density of the upper pendulum (1) of the ecological substrate after 24-hour immersion is less than or equal to 0.30 g / cm 3 , The specific surface area of the ecological base upper pendulum (1) is greater than or equal to 0.8×10 4 m 2 / m 3 , The longitudinal tensile strength of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is greater than or equal to 6.0 kN / m, The transverse tensile strength of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is greater than or equal to 6.0 kN / m The CBR bursting strength of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is greater than or equal to 1200 N, The thermal stability of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is less than or equal to 2%, The water absorption of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is less than or equal to 3%, The preparation method of the material of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is as follows: Select propylene, butadiene, dodecyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and stearic acid for preliminary mixing, wherein the mass ratio of propylene, butadiene, dodecyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and stearic acid is 6:12:5:3:4, the mixing temperature is 65°C - 85°C, and the mixing pressure is 1.2 MPa - 2.0 MPa; Subsequently, calcium carbonate and azobisisobutyronitrile are added, wherein the mass ratio of calcium carbonate and azobisisobutyronitrile is 1:

2. After stirring and mixing evenly, it is left to stand and filled with nitrogen at 45°C for reaction for 12 h; Finally, sodium polyacrylate and maleic anhydride are added, wherein the mass ratio of sodium polyacrylate and maleic anhydride is 3:

5. After stirring and mixing evenly, it is transferred to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion molding treatment, and that's it.

2. The ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is a plurality of strip-shaped objects with the same shape.

3. The ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A counterweight is provided on the bottom base of the ecological substrate (2).

4. The ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The counterweight is a sandbag body.

5. The ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size range of the microporous structure is 1 μm - 5 μm; The particle size range of the macroporous structure is 80 μm - 350 μm.

6. The ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is made of a closed-cell foam material, The density of the upper swing of the ecological substrate (1) is less than the density of water.

7. The ecological substrate for microbial attachment growth and pollutant degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation method of the ecological substrate is as follows: For river waters, the lateral spacing of the ecological bases within the cross-section of each river is 0.5 m, and the longitudinal spacing of the ecological bases between different cross-sections is 0.5 m - 3 m; For lake waters, the ecological bases are arranged in the near-shore and central waters. The lateral spacing of the ecological bases within each row is 0.5 m. The farther away from the shore, the wider the longitudinal spacing between the ecological bases. The spacing of the ecological bases on the shore is 1 m - 2 m, and the spacing of the ecological bases far from the shore is 3 m - 5 m.

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