A full-face roadheader for the environment of soft rock strata in deep coal measures

Abstract

The present invention discloses a full-section tunnel boring machine for use in a deep coal-bearing soft rock environment. The full-section tunnel boring machine comprehensively considers the weakness and susceptibility to disturbance and damage of the muddy soft rock layer itself, as well as the cutting working principle of the full-section tunnel boring machine. The present invention improves the cutterhead of the full-section tunnel boring machine and adds a drilling and solidifying traction mechanism. While the cutterhead of the full-section tunnel boring machine cuts the rock, the drilling and solidifying traction mechanism drills into the rock mass in front for a certain distance and achieves self-anchoring, providing forward traction for the full-section tunnel boring machine while alleviating the imbalance state of the full-section tunnel boring machine during operation. It can alleviate the secondary disturbance and damage to the surrounding rock caused by the strong support of the full-section tunnel boring machine support shoe on the tunnel wall, thereby solving the problem that the full-section tunnel boring machine body is prone to sinking in the muddy soft rock environment, thereby achieving the goal of maintaining a relatively stable working state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of coal mine roadheader equipment, and in particular to a full-face roadheader used in a deep coal-series soft rock stratum environment. Background Art

[0002] Muddy soft rock is very common in sedimentary strata. Its notable characteristics are low strength, easy to be disturbed, and even cementation. When the shield machine works in the muddy soft rock environment, Figure 1 As shown, the cutting of the cutterhead and the repeated support of the support shoe inevitably disturb the muddy rock mass, causing the muddy roadway surrounding rock to become loose and broken. This in turn leads to unstable support of the support shoe during shield machine operation, causing the machine head to sink, seriously affecting the quality of the project. The current response to this problem mainly involves stopping the machine to adjust the position of the shield machine body. This occurs frequently, and the adjustment process is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive. This seriously restricts the advantages of shield machine operations such as high mechanization, high degree of automation, and low construction labor intensity. A set of targeted and effective technical measures is urgently needed to properly solve the problem of shield machine body sinking in soft muddy rock environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the problems and needs raised above, this proposal proposes a full-section tunnel boring machine for use in deep coal-bearing soft rock environments. By adopting the following technical features, it can achieve the above technical objectives and bring about many other technical effects.

[0004] The present invention provides a full-face tunnel boring machine for use in a deep coal-bearing soft rock environment, comprising a headstock and a cutterhead mounted on the headstock, wherein the cutterhead faces the tunneling face, and further comprising:

[0005] An inner Kjeldahl frame, fixedly connected to the head frame, and having a first support mechanism capable of extension and contraction;

[0006] The outer Kjeldahl frame has a retractable second support mechanism, is sleeved on the outer side of the inner Kjeldahl frame, and is slidably connected to the inner Kjeldahl frame;

[0007] a drilling and fixing traction rod connected to the head frame via a clamping device, wherein the first end of the drilling and fixing traction rod, which is close to the excavation face, is suitable for penetrating the cutterhead and drilling into the rock mass, and the second end of the drilling and fixing traction rod, which is away from the excavation face, is pivotally connected to the outer Kelly frame via a coupling device; wherein the clamping device and the drilling and fixing traction rod are threadedly connected, enabling the drilling and fixing traction rod to perform linear and rotational movement in both horizontal and circumferential directions, and the clamping device and the drilling and fixing traction rod are capable of switching between an engaged state and a disengaged state;

[0008] A telescopic device, one end of which is connected to the inner Kaysdahl frame and the other end of which is connected to the outer Kaysdahl frame, is configured to adjust the relative displacement between the inner Kaysdahl frame and the outer Kaysdahl frame in the horizontal direction.

[0009] In this technical solution, a full-face tunnel boring machine enters a soft rock environment to work. When the drilling and fixing traction rod needs to be drilled into the rock mass, the drilling and fixing traction rod is first partially driven into the rock mass, and the clamping device is engaged with the drilling and fixing traction rod. The first supporting mechanism on the inner Kelly frame extends out and stops on the tunnel surrounding rock (at the same time, the second supporting mechanism on the outer Kelly frame contracts and separates from the tunnel surrounding rock). The telescopic device performs a contraction movement, thereby driving the outer Kelly frame to move toward the tunneling face. Since the drilling and fixing traction rod is connected to the outer Kelly frame, the drilling and fixing traction rod also moves toward the tunneling face. The clamping device converts the thrust transmitted by the outer Kelly frame into a torsional force, driving the drilling and fixing traction rod to rotate to achieve drilling and fixing traction. The guide rod drills into the rock mass until it hits the predetermined anchoring point of the rock mass, forming an advance anchoring structure with the advance anchored rock mass; when the cutter head needs to cut and step forward, the clamping device is separated from the drilling and fixing traction rod, and the second supporting mechanism on the outer Kayser frame is extended and stopped on the tunnel surrounding rock (at the same time, the first supporting mechanism on the inner Kayser frame is contracted and separated from the tunnel surrounding rock), and the telescopic device is extended, thereby driving the inner Kayser frame to move toward the direction of the excavation face. Since the head frame is connected to the inner Kayser frame, the cutter head is driven to move synchronously to realize the cutting step of the cutter head; the above-mentioned drilling and fixing traction rod drilling into the rock mass and the cutter head cutting step steps are repeated alternately to realize the directional cutting and stabilization operation of the full-section tunnel boring machine in a weak rock environment.

[0010] This full-section tunnel boring machine comprehensively considers the weakness and susceptibility to disturbance and damage of the muddy soft rock layer itself, as well as the cutting working principle of the full-section tunnel boring machine. The present invention improves the cutterhead of the full-section tunnel boring machine and adds a drilling and solidifying traction mechanism. While the cutterhead of the full-section tunnel boring machine cuts the rock, the drilling and solidifying traction mechanism drills into the rock mass in front for a certain distance and achieves self-anchoring, providing forward traction for the full-section tunnel boring machine while alleviating the imbalance state of the full-section tunnel boring machine during operation. It can alleviate the secondary disturbance and damage to the surrounding rock caused by the strong support of the full-section tunnel boring machine support shoe on the tunnel wall, thereby alleviating the problem of the full-section tunnel boring machine's body easily sinking in the muddy soft rock layer environment, and achieving the goal of maintaining a relatively stable working state.

[0011] The full-face tunnel boring machine also has the following advantages:

[0012] 1) This full-section TBM only requires partial improvement of the original full-section TBM and partial adjustment of the cutterhead structure to meet the working requirements of the drilling and consolidation traction mechanism; 2) When the full-section TBM is working in muddy soft rock formations, the drilling and consolidation traction mechanism drills a certain distance into the rock mass ahead and achieves self-anchoring, providing a certain amount of traction for the full-section TBM to cut and advance; 3) After the drilling and consolidation traction mechanism provides a part of the traction force, the force of the support shoe on the rock wall can be relatively reduced to avoid excessive disturbance and damage to the rock mass by the support shoe; 4) Under the action of the drilling and consolidation traction mechanism, the full-section TBM can relatively alleviate the original imbalance state of the full-section TBM, maintain the balance of the overall structure of the full-section TBM itself, and realize stable directional tunneling of the full-section TBM.

[0013] In addition, the full-face tunnel boring machine for use in a deep coal-bearing soft rock environment according to the present invention may also have the following technical features:

[0014] In one example of the present invention, the clamping device comprises:

[0015] An upper block is formed with an upper half groove extending in a horizontal direction and is connected to the headstock;

[0016] The lower block is formed with a lower half groove extending in the horizontal direction, the lower half groove and the upper half groove are adapted to form an adaptation hole, an internal thread is formed in the adaptation hole, and the section of the drilling and fixing traction rod that matches the adaptation hole has an external thread that meshes with the internal thread;

[0017] Wherein, the upper block and the lower block can be engaged or separated under the action of the switching component so that the drilling and fixing traction rod is engaged with or disengaged from the adapting hole.

[0018] In one example of the present invention,

[0019] A roller is pivotally provided in the adapting hole, and the roller forms an internal thread in the adapting hole that engages with the drill bit.

[0020] In one example of the present invention, a plurality of rollers are symmetrically arranged in the upper block and the lower block, and the plurality of rollers are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the adapting hole.

[0021] In one example of the present invention, the clamping device further comprises:

[0022] An adjustment assembly is connected between the upper block and the head frame, and is configured to adjust the height position of the upper block in a longitudinal direction, wherein the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0023] In one example of the present invention, the adjustment assembly includes: a plurality of adjustment bolts,

[0024] The head frame is provided with a plurality of third positioning holes;

[0025] The upper block is provided with a plurality of fourth positioning holes corresponding to the third positioning holes;

[0026] The adjusting bolt passes through the third positioning hole and the fourth positioning hole in sequence.

[0027] In one example of the present invention, the coupling device comprises:

[0028] The bearing is installed between the drilling and fixing traction rod and the outer Kelly frame, and is configured so that its inner ring is interference fit with the drilling and fixing traction rod, and its outer ring is interference fit with the outer Kelly frame.

[0029] In one example of the present invention, the drilling and fixing traction rod meets the following working conditions:

[0030] (1) When the drilling and fixing traction rod is required, the distance between the full-face tunnel boring machine and the soft rock layer environment is 1 to 1.5 times the tunneling diameter D;

[0031] (2) When the drilling and fixing traction rod is used to anchor the full-face tunnel boring machine, the drilling and fixing traction rod is driven into the tunneling face to a depth of at least 1.5 times the tunneling diameter D.

[0032] In one example of the present invention, the system further includes: a control system comprising:

[0033] a first load sensor mounted on the telescopic device and configured to monitor a thrust load of the telescopic device;

[0034] a second load sensor mounted on the clamping device and configured to monitor a clamping load of the clamping device;

[0035] a drilling rate sensor, mounted on the drilling and fixing traction rod, configured to monitor the drilling rate of the drilling and fixing traction rod;

[0036] a rotation rate sensor mounted on the drilling and fixing traction rod, configured to monitor a rotation rate of the drilling and fixing traction rod; and

[0037] A feedback unit is coupled to the driving device, the first load sensor, the second load sensor, the penetration rate sensor, and the rotation rate sensor, respectively, and is configured to adjust the output power of the driving device based on the thrust load, the clamping load, the penetration rate, and the rotation rate.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further includes a driving device coupled to the second end of the drilling and fixing traction rod and configured to drive the drilling and fixing traction rod to rotate. The following describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate an understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The drawings are only used to illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, but not to limit all embodiments of the present invention thereto.

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the existing full-face roadheader in a soft coal-bearing rock environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of directional cutting and stabilization operation of a full-face tunnel boring machine in a deep coal-bearing soft rock environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the stepping working state of the drilling and fixing traction rod of a full-face tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cutting stepping working state of the cutter head under the drilling and fixing traction action of the full-face tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the force transmission structure of the drilling and fixing traction rod and the support mechanism driving the cutter head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the engagement side of a clamping device for drilling and fixing a drawbar and a roller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the contact force transmission structure between the coupling device and the drilling and fixing traction rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 2 is a control principle diagram of a control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] List of reference numerals:

[0050] Full-face tunnel boring machine 1000;

[0051] Roadway surrounding rock 200;

[0052] Excavation face 201;

[0053] Advance anchoring of rock mass 202;

[0054] Advance anchoring structure A;

[0055] Bottom plate crushing area B;

[0056] surrounding rock crushing area C;

[0057] Headstock 10;

[0058] Knife disc 20;

[0059] Internal Kjeldahl rack 30;

[0060] A first supporting mechanism 31;

[0061] External Kjeldahl rack 40;

[0062] A second supporting mechanism 41;

[0063] Drilling and fixing traction rod 50;

[0064] First end 51;

[0065] a second end 52;

[0066] telescopic device 60;

[0067] Clamping device 70;

[0068] Upper block 71;

[0069] Lower block 72;

[0070] Adaptation hole 73;

[0071] Roller 74;

[0072] Bracket 75;

[0073] Switching component 76;

[0074] Fastening bolt 761;

[0075] Adjustment assembly 77;

[0076] Adjusting bolt 771;

[0077] Coupling device 80;

[0078] Bearing 81;

[0079] gland 82;

[0080] Driving device 90;

[0081] Control system 100;

[0082] A first load sensor 101;

[0083] a second load sensor 102;

[0084] Drilling rate sensor 103;

[0085] rotation rate sensor 104;

[0086] Feedback unit 105;

[0087] horizontal direction x;

[0088] Longitudinal direction y. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0089] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. The same figure marks in the drawings represent the same parts. It should be noted that the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0090] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "a" or "an" do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Words such as "include" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0091] The present invention proposes a full-face tunnel boring machine 1000 for use in a deep coal-bearing soft rock environment. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, it includes a head frame 10 and a cutter head 20 mounted on the head frame 10, and the cutter head 20 is facing the excavation face 201, and further includes:

[0092] An inner Kjeldahl frame 30 is fixedly connected to the head frame 10 and has a first retractable support mechanism 31;

[0093] The outer Kjeldahl frame 40 has a retractable second support mechanism 41, which is sleeved on the outer side of the inner Kjeldahl frame 30 and slidably connected to the inner Kjeldahl frame 30;

[0094] A drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is connected to the headstock 10 via a clamping device 70. A first end 51 of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, located near the excavation face 201, is adapted to penetrate the cutterhead 20 and drill into the rock mass. A second end 52 of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, located away from the excavation face 201, is pivotally connected to the outer Kelly frame 40 via a coupling device 80. The clamping device 70 and the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 are threadedly coupled to each other, enabling the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to simultaneously perform linear and rotational motion in both horizontal and circumferential directions. The clamping device 70 and the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 are also capable of switching between an engaged and disengaged state.

[0095] The telescopic device 60 has one end connected to the inner Kayssen frame 30 and the other end connected to the outer Kayssen frame 40 , and is configured to adjust the relative displacement between the inner Kayssen frame 30 and the outer Kayssen frame 40 in the horizontal direction.

[0096] The full-face tunnel boring machine 1000 enters a soft rock formation environment to work. When the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 needs to be drilled into the rock mass, the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is first partially driven into the rock mass, and the clamping device 70 is engaged with the drilling and fixing traction rod 50. The first supporting mechanism 31 on the inner Kelly frame 30 extends out and stops on the tunnel surrounding rock 200 (at the same time, the second supporting mechanism 41 on the outer Kelly frame 40 contracts and separates from the tunnel surrounding rock 200). The telescopic device 60 contracts, thereby driving the outer Kelly frame 40 to move toward the tunneling face 201. Since the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is connected to the outer Kelly frame 40, the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 also moves toward the tunneling face 201. The clamping device 70 converts the thrust transmitted by the outer Kelly frame 40 into a torsional force, driving the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to rotate to achieve the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 moving toward Drilling proceeds into the rock mass until the predetermined anchoring point of the rock mass is struck, forming an advance anchoring structure A with the advance anchoring rock mass 202; when the cutter head 20 needs to cut and step forward, the clamping device 70 is separated from the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, and the second support mechanism 41 on the outer Caesar frame 40 is extended and stopped on the tunnel surrounding rock 200 (at the same time, the first support mechanism 31 on the inner Caesar frame 30 is contracted and separated from the tunnel surrounding rock 200), and the telescopic device 60 is extended, thereby driving the inner Caesar frame 30 to move toward the direction of the excavation face 201. Since the head frame 10 is connected to the inner Caesar frame 30, the cutter head 20 is driven to move synchronously to realize the cutting and stepping of the cutter head 20; the above-mentioned drilling and fixing traction rod 50 drilling into the rock mass and the cutter head 20 cutting and stepping steps are repeated alternately to realize the directional cutting and stabilization operation of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 in a weak rock layer environment. It should be noted that the first supporting mechanism 31 on the inner Cayenne frame 30 extends and rests on the tunnel surrounding rock 200, and the telescopic device 60 performs a contraction movement to pull the outer Cayenne frame 40 to move toward the excavation face 201. Friction is generated between the first supporting mechanism 31 and the tunnel surrounding rock 200, which can maintain the position of the inner Cayenne frame 30 unchanged; similarly, the second supporting mechanism 41 on the outer Cayenne frame 40 extends and rests on the tunnel surrounding rock 200, and the telescopic device 60 performs an extension movement to push the inner Cayenne frame 30 to move toward the excavation face 201. Friction is generated between the second supporting mechanism 41 and the tunnel surrounding rock 200, which can maintain the position of the outer Cayenne frame 40 unchanged.

[0097] The full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 comprehensively considers the weakness and susceptibility to disturbance and damage of the muddy soft rock formation itself, as well as the cutting working principle of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000. The present invention improves the cutterhead 20 of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 and adds a drilling and solidifying traction mechanism. While the cutterhead 20 of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 cuts the rock, the drilling and solidifying traction mechanism drills into the rock mass in front for a certain distance and achieves self-anchoring, providing forward traction for the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 while alleviating the imbalance state of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 during operation. It can alleviate the secondary disturbance and damage to the surrounding rock caused by the strong support of the support shoe of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 on the tunnel wall, thereby alleviating the problem of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000's body easily sinking in the muddy soft rock formation environment, and achieves the goal of maintaining a relatively stable working state.

[0098] like Figure 1 As shown, when the existing full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 is excavating, on the one hand, the deadweight of the head frame 10 will induce the bottom plate to produce the bottom plate crushing area B, and on the other hand, the strong action of the support shoe of the support mechanism will cause the surrounding rock to produce the surrounding rock crushing area C; Compared with the existing technology, the present application transforms the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000, such as Figure 2 As shown, it is obvious that through the anchoring effect of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, the range of the bottom plate crushing area B induced by the head frame 10 is greatly reduced, and the surrounding rock crushing area C caused by the supporting shoe effect of the supporting mechanism is also significantly reduced.

[0099] The full-face roadheader 1000 also has the following advantages:

[0100] 1) The full-section roadheader 1000 only requires partial improvement of the original full-section roadheader 1000 and partial adjustment of the cutterhead 20 structure to meet the working requirements of the drilling and consolidation traction mechanism; 2) When the full-section roadheader 1000 is working in muddy soft rock formations, the drilling and consolidation traction mechanism drills a certain distance into the rock mass ahead and achieves self-anchoring, providing a certain traction force for the full-section roadheader 1000 to cut and advance; 3) After the drilling and consolidation traction mechanism provides a part of the traction force, the force of the support shoe on the rock wall can be relatively reduced to avoid excessive disturbance and damage to the rock mass by the support shoe; 4) Under the action of the drilling and consolidation traction mechanism, the full-section roadheader 1000 can relatively alleviate the original imbalance state of the full-section roadheader 1000, maintain the balance of the overall structure of the full-section roadheader 1000 itself, and realize stable directional tunneling of the full-section roadheader 1000.

[0101] It should be noted that if Figure 5 In the cutting step working state shown, the outer Kelly frame 40 is subjected to the friction between the support shoe and the surrounding rock. f 1. Drilling and fixing traction rod-rock friction f2. The cutter head 20, the head frame 10 and the inner Kelly frame 30 are pushed forward by the telescopic device 60. F 推 ; According to Newton's third law of motion, F 推 = f 1+ f 2.

[0102] It should be pointed out that the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 includes a first section, a second section and a third section which are detachably connected in sequence, wherein the first section is used for drilling rock, the second section is connected to the clamping device 70, and the third section is connected to the outer Kelly frame 40; by designing the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 into a three-section structure, the disassembly and assembly of the tunneling mechanism 1000 can be facilitated.

[0103] In one example of the present invention, Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the clamping device 70 includes:

[0104] The upper block 71 is formed with an upper half groove extending along the horizontal direction x and is connected to the headstock 10;

[0105] The lower block 72 is formed with a lower half groove extending along the horizontal direction x. The lower half groove is adapted to form an adapting hole 73 with the upper half groove. The adapting hole 73 is formed with an internal thread. The section of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 that matches the adapting hole 73 has an external thread that meshes with the internal thread.

[0106] The upper block 71 and the lower block 72 can be engaged or disengaged under the action of the switching assembly 76 so that the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is engaged with or disengaged from the adapting hole 73;

[0107] That is to say, when it is necessary to drill the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 into the rock mass, the upper block 71 and the lower block 72 are combined by the switching assembly 76 to realize the cooperation between the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 and the threaded hole, and the telescopic device 60 makes a contraction movement, thereby driving the outer Kelly frame 40 to move toward the excavation face 201. Since the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is connected to the outer Kelly frame 40, the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 also moves toward the excavation face 201. The clamping device 70 converts the thrust transmitted by the outer Kelly frame 40 into a torsional force, driving the drilling and fixing traction rod 50. The rotation enables the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to drill into the rock mass until it hits the predetermined anchoring point of the rock mass, forming an advance anchoring structure A with the advance anchoring rock mass 202; when the cutter head 20 needs to cut and step forward, the switching component 76 separates the upper block 71 from the lower block 72 to achieve the disengagement of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 from the threaded hole, and the telescopic device 60 extends, thereby driving the inner Kelly frame 30 to move toward the direction close to the excavation face 201. Since the head frame 10 is connected to the inner Kelly frame 30, the cutter head 20 is driven to move synchronously to achieve the cutting and stepping of the cutter head 20.

[0108] For example, the switching assembly 76 may include: a plurality of fastening bolts 761,

[0109] The upper block 71 is provided with a plurality of first positioning holes;

[0110] The lower block 72 is provided with a plurality of second positioning holes corresponding to the first positioning holes;

[0111] The fastening bolt 761 passes through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole in sequence;

[0112] The drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is matched with or separated from the threaded hole by adjusting the tightness of the multiple fastening bolts 761.

[0113] Of course, the present invention is not limited to this. The switching component 76 only needs to be able to achieve the engagement and separation between the upper block 71 and the lower block 72. For example, the switching component 76 can also be a fastener, and the engagement and separation of the fastener can achieve the engagement or separation of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 and the threaded hole.

[0114] In one example of the present invention,

[0115] The portion of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 that cooperates with the adapting hole 73 has an external thread;

[0116] A roller 74 is pivotally provided in the adapting hole 73 , and the roller 74 forms an internal thread in the adapting hole 73 that engages with the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 ;

[0117] The cooperation between the external thread and the roller 74 can realize the meshing transmission between the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 and the clamping device 70, that is, the thrust of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 in the horizontal direction x is converted into the torque force of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to drill the rock in the direction of the excavation face 201.

[0118] In one example of the present invention, a plurality of rollers 74 are symmetrically arranged in the upper block 71 and the lower block 72 , and the plurality of rollers 74 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the adapting hole 73 ;

[0119] For example, two rollers 74 may be provided on the upper block 71, and two rollers 74 may be symmetrically provided on the lower block 72. Thus, when the upper block 71 and the lower block 72 are engaged, the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 engages with the plurality of rollers 74. Under the action of the telescopic device 60, the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is subjected to a thrust toward the excavation face 201, which is converted into a torque force caused by the meshing rotation between the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 and the plurality of rollers 74, thereby drilling into the rock mass.

[0120] It can be understood that the two rollers 74 on the upper block 71 are pivotally connected to the upper block 71 via the bracket 75 in the adapting hole 73 in the upper block 71;

[0121] By providing a plurality of rollers 74 , the force on the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 can be kept more uniform, so that the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is more stable and reliable when being driven into the rock mass.

[0122] In one example of the present invention, the clamping device 70 further includes:

[0123] The adjustment assembly 77 is connected between the upper block 71 and the headstock 10 and is configured to adjust the height position of the upper block 71 in the longitudinal direction y, wherein the longitudinal direction y and the horizontal direction x are perpendicular to each other.

[0124] Since the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 needs to be kept in the horizontal direction when drilling the rock, and since the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is connected to the clamping device 70 and the connecting device 80, the horizontality of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 must be ensured, an adjustment component 77 is provided to adjust the height position of the clamping device 70, so that when the connecting device 80 fixes the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, the height of the clamping device 70 can be adjusted to achieve the horizontal direction of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50.

[0125] For example, the adjustment assembly 77 includes: a plurality of adjustment bolts 771,

[0126] The head frame 10 is provided with a plurality of third positioning holes;

[0127] The upper block 71 is provided with a plurality of fourth positioning holes corresponding to the third positioning holes;

[0128] The adjusting bolt 771 passes through the third positioning hole and the fourth positioning hole in sequence;

[0129] The relative position between the clamping device 70 and the headstock 10 is adjusted by adjusting a plurality of adjusting bolts 771 .

[0130] Of course, the present invention is not limited to this. The adjustment component 77 only needs to be able to achieve the relative position adjustment between the upper block 71 and the head frame 10. For example, the switching component 76 can also be a telescopic component, and the relative position adjustment between the upper block 71 and the head frame 10 is achieved through the telescopic movement of the telescopic component.

[0131] In one example of the present invention, Figure 8 As shown, the coupling device 80 includes:

[0132] A bearing 81 is installed between the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 and the outer Kelly frame 40, and is configured such that its inner ring is interference fit with the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, and its outer ring is interference fit with the outer Kelly frame 40;

[0133] Specifically, one end face of the bearing 81 is mounted on the shoulder of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, and the other end face of the bearing 81 is mounted on the outer Kelly frame 40 through a pressure cap 82 to ensure the stability of the installation of the bearing 81;

[0134] Preferably, the coupling device 80 includes two bearings 81 and two corresponding pressure covers 82 , wherein the bearings 81 and the pressure covers 82 are symmetrically arranged at shoulders symmetrically arranged on the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 .

[0135] In one example of the present invention, the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 meets the following working conditions:

[0136] (1) When the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is required, the distance between the full-face tunnel boring machine 1000 and the soft rock layer occurrence environment is 1 to 1.5 times the tunneling diameter D;

[0137] (2) When the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is used to anchor the full-face tunnel boring machine 1000, the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 is driven into the tunneling face 201 to a depth of at least 1.5 times the tunneling diameter D.

[0138] The above two working conditions can ensure the stable movement of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 and the stability of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 in the soft rock environment, thereby alleviating the problem of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 being prone to sinking in the muddy soft rock environment, and achieving the purpose of maintaining a relatively stable working state.

[0139] In one example of the present invention, the present invention further includes: a driving device 90, the driving device 90 is connected to the second end 52 of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, and is configured to drive the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to rotate;

[0140] The clamping device 70 converts the thrust transmitted by the outer Kelly frame 40 of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 into a torsional force, driving the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to rotate; when the drilling driving force is insufficient or the propulsion load of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 is too large, the torsional force can be output through the driving device 90 to assist in driving the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to rotate, so as to ensure that the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 effectively drills into the rock mass.

[0141] In one example of the present invention, Figure 9 As shown, it also includes: a control system 100, which includes:

[0142] a first load sensor 101 , mounted on the telescopic device 60 , configured to monitor the thrust load of the telescopic device 60 ;

[0143] a second load sensor 102 , mounted on the clamping device 70 and configured to monitor the clamping load of the clamping device 70 ;

[0144] A drilling rate sensor 103 , mounted on the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 , configured to monitor the drilling rate of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 ;

[0145] a rotation rate sensor 104 mounted on the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 and configured to monitor the rotation rate of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50; and

[0146] a feedback unit 105, coupled to the driving device 90, the first load sensor 101, the second load sensor 102, the drilling rate sensor 103, and the rotation rate sensor 104, respectively, and configured to adjust the output power of the driving device 90 based on the thrust load, the clamping load, the drilling rate, and the rotation rate;

[0147] The full-face tunnel boring machine 1000 enters a soft rock formation environment to work. When the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 needs to be drilled into the rock mass, and the drilling driving force is insufficient or the propulsion load of the full-face tunnel boring machine 1000 is too large, the clamping device 70 is engaged with the drilling and fixing traction rod 50, and the second load sensor 102 monitors the clamping load of the clamping device 70; the first support mechanism 31 on the inner Kelly frame 30 extends and stops on the tunnel surrounding rock 200 (at the same time, the second support mechanism 41 on the outer Kelly frame 40 contracts and separates from the tunnel surrounding rock 200), the telescopic device 60 performs a contraction movement and the first load sensor 101 monitors the thrust load of the telescopic device 60, thereby driving the outer Kelly frame 40 to move toward the tunneling face 201. The rod 50 is connected to the outer Kelly frame 40, so the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 also moves in the direction close to the excavation face 201. The driving device 90 drives the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to rotate to convert the thrust transmitted by the outer Kelly frame 40 into a torsional force, and drives the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 to rotate to realize that the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 drills into the rock mass until it hits the predetermined anchoring point of the rock mass, forming an advanced anchoring structure A with the advanced anchoring rock mass 202. During this process, the drilling rate sensor 103 and the rotation rate sensor 104 respectively monitor the drilling rate and rotation rate of the drilling and fixing traction rod 50; the feedback unit 105 adjusts the output power of the driving device 90 based on the thrust load, clamping load, drilling rate and rotation rate to better realize the drilling and fixing traction rod 50 into the rock mass.

[0148] Since the drilling and traction drill rod and the cutterhead 20 move relatively independently of each other, and the drilling and traction drill rod needs to pass through the cutterhead 20 to move into the rock mass, it is preferred that the drilling and traction rod 50 is arranged at the center of the cutterhead 20, so that the above-mentioned purpose can be achieved. The exemplary implementation of the full-section tunnel boring machine 1000 for deep coal-bearing soft rock environments proposed by the present invention is described in detail above with reference to the preferred embodiments. However, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that, without departing from the concept of the present invention, various modifications and variations can be made to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and various combinations of the various technical features and structures proposed by the present invention can be made without exceeding the scope of protection of the present invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A full-face tunnel boring machine for use in a deep coal-bearing soft rock environment, comprising a headstock (10) and a cutterhead (20) mounted on the headstock (10), wherein the cutterhead (20) faces a tunneling face (201), and is characterized in that: Also includes: An inner Kayser frame (30) is fixedly connected to the head frame (10) and has a first support mechanism (31) that can be extended and retracted; An outer Kayss frame (40) has a retractable second support mechanism (41), is sleeved on the outer side of the inner Kayss frame (30), and is slidably connected to the inner Kayss frame (30); The drilling and fixing traction rod (50) is connected to the head frame (10) through a clamping device (70), and its first end (51) close to the excavation face (201) is suitable for penetrating the cutter head (20) and drilling in the rock mass, and its second end (52) away from the excavation face (201) is pivotally connected to the outer Kelly frame (40) through a connecting device (80); wherein the clamping device (70) and the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) are connected by a thread and enable the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) to perform linear and rotational motion in the horizontal direction and the circumferential direction at the same time, and the clamping device (70) and the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) can switch between an engaged state and a disengaged state; the clamping device (70) comprises: an upper block (71) formed with a plurality of holes along the horizontal direction; The upper half groove extends in the horizontal direction and is connected to the head frame (10); the lower block (72) is formed with a lower half groove extending in the horizontal direction, the lower half groove is adapted to the upper half groove to form an adapting hole (73), an internal thread is formed in the adapting hole (73), and the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) and the adapting hole (73) match with the external thread meshing with the internal thread; wherein the upper block (71) and the lower block (72) can be engaged or separated under the action of the switching component (76) so that the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) is engaged with or disengaged from the adapting hole (73); a roller (74) is pivotally provided in the adapting hole (73), and the roller (74) forms an internal thread meshing with the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) in the adapting hole (73); A telescopic device (60) is connected at one end to the inner Kayssen frame (30) and at the other end to the outer Kayssen frame (40), and is configured to adjust the relative displacement between the inner Kayssen frame (30) and the outer Kayssen frame (40) in the horizontal direction.

2. The full-face tunnel boring machine for deep coal-bearing soft rock environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of rollers (74) are symmetrically arranged in the upper block (71) and the lower block (72), and the plurality of rollers (74) are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the adapting hole (73).

3. The full-face tunnel boring machine for deep coal-bearing soft rock environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping device (70) further comprises: An adjustment assembly (77) is connected between the upper block (71) and the head frame (10) and is configured to adjust the height position of the upper block (71) in a longitudinal direction, wherein the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other.

4. The full-face tunnel boring machine for deep coal-bearing soft rock environments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (77) comprises: a plurality of adjustment bolts (771), The head frame (10) is provided with a plurality of third positioning holes; The upper block (71) is provided with a plurality of fourth positioning holes corresponding to the third positioning holes; The adjusting bolt (771) is sequentially passed through the third positioning hole and the fourth positioning hole.

5. The full-face tunnel boring machine for deep coal-bearing soft rock environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling device (80) comprises: A bearing (81) is installed between the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) and the outer Kelly frame (40), and is configured such that its inner ring is interference-fitted with the drilling and fixing traction rod (50), and its outer ring is interference-fitted with the outer Kelly frame (40).

6. The full-face tunnel boring machine for deep coal-bearing soft rock environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling and fixing traction rod (50) meets the following working conditions: (1) When the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) is required to be used, the distance between the full-face tunnel boring machine (1000) and the soft rock layer occurrence environment is 1 to 1.5 times the tunneling diameter D; (2) When the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) is used to anchor the full-face tunnel boring machine (1000), the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) is driven into the tunneling face (201) to a depth of at least 1.5 times the tunneling diameter D.

7. The full-face tunnel boring machine for deep coal-bearing soft rock environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a driving device (90), which is connected to the second end (52) of the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) and is configured to drive the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) to rotate.

8. The full-face tunnel boring machine for use in deep coal-bearing soft rock environments according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also included: a control system (100), comprising: a first load sensor (101), mounted on the telescopic device (60), configured to monitor the thrust load of the telescopic device (60); a second load sensor (102), mounted on the clamping device (70), configured to monitor the clamping load of the clamping device (70); A drilling rate sensor (103) is mounted on the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) and is configured to monitor the drilling rate of the drilling and fixing traction rod (50); A rotation rate sensor (104) is mounted on the drilling and fixing traction rod (50) and is configured to monitor the rotation rate of the drilling and fixing traction rod (50); and a feedback unit (105) is coupled to the driving device (90), the first load sensor (101), the second load sensor (102), the drilling rate sensor (103) and the rotation rate sensor (104), respectively, and is configured to adjust the output power of the driving device (90) based on the thrust load, the clamping load, the drilling rate and the rotation rate.

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