A method for renewing the shape of mature pear trees

Abstract

The invention provides a method for renewing the shape of mature pear trees, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree shaping. The invention utilizes the nutrient branches sprouted from the base of the original pear tree trunk (20 to 40 cm from the ground) to cultivate the trunk and branches of the tree shape with two main branches or a single main branch trellis, and then cultivates the fruiting branch group, retains the original trunk and fruiting branches to continue to bear fruit before the new tree shape is formed, and gradually retracts and thins out the original fruiting branch group and trunk after the new tree shape branches cover the frame surface and have the ability to bear fruit, and the renewal can be completed in 5 to 6 years, so that the pear tree shape is renewed while the pear orchard yield is less affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree shaping, and in particular relates to a method for renewing the tree shape of mature pear trees. Background Art

[0002] With the development of simplified pear orchards, high-light-efficiency and easy-to-operate tree shapes such as double-arm forward-moving tree shapes are more conducive to simplified production. However, the pear trees commonly seen in coastal areas are naturally open-hearted trees. This tree shape has a short trunk and can withstand the impact of typhoons, but it is not conducive to mechanized operation. Once the tree shape is formed, it is difficult to change. At present, the replacement of pear tree shape mostly involves digging up the original pear trees and rebuilding the orchard, which seriously affects the pear orchard production during the replacement period. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for renewing the tree shape of mature pear trees, which utilizes the nutrient branches at the main trunk of the pear tree for cultivation, and the original fruit-bearing branch group continues to bear fruit. After the branches of the cultivated tree shape grow and have the ability to bear fruit, the original fruit-bearing branch group is gradually retracted and thinned out, thereby achieving less impact on the pear tree yield while renewing the tree shape of the pear tree.

[0004] The invention provides a method for renewing the tree shape of an adult pear tree, comprising the following steps: cultivating nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the original pear tree trunk (20 to 40 cm from the ground) into a trunk of a trellis-cultivated tree shape, then cultivating main branches and fruiting branch groups, retaining the original trunk and fruiting branches to continue to bear fruit before the trellis-cultivated tree shape is formed, and gradually retracting and thinning out the original tree shape fruiting branch groups and trunk after the new tree-shaped branches cover the frame surface and have the ability to bear fruit, and completing the renewal of the tree shape in 5 to 6 years.

[0005] Preferably, the trellis cultivation tree shape includes a two-main-branch trellis cultivation tree shape or a single-main-branch trellis cultivation tree shape.

[0006] Preferably, the fixed trunk height of the trellis-cultivated tree is 0.8 to 1.0 m, and the extension direction of the main branches is the same as the row direction, extending in the north-south direction.

[0007] Preferably, the cultivation of the tree shape in trellis cultivation includes cultivating strong branches that germinate naturally or promote germination by bud cutting, thinning out the remaining branches, and allowing the strong branches to grow upright in the first year.

[0008] Preferably, in May or June of the second year, when the base thickness of the strong branches is more than 1.0 cm, the branches are pulled to cultivate the main branches into new tree shapes;

[0009] During the winter pruning in the second year, the main branches of the new tree shape are tied to the horizontal frame, the main branch extension branches are at an angle of 20 to 30 degrees to the horizontal frame, the upper buds at the top of the main branch extension branches are selected and cut short, the branches on the main trunk and main branches are thinned out, and the upper and lower buds on the main branches are wiped out;

[0010] In May and June of the third year, select branches with vigorous growth and tie them to the horizontal trellis at an angle of 30 degrees, perpendicular to the main branches, to form side branches; during winter pruning, pull the main branches to the horizontal, tie the main branch extension branches with bamboo poles and other supports to an angle of 20 to 30 degrees with the horizontal trellis, and select the upper buds at the full part of the extension branches and cut them short; select side branches with a base diameter less than 1 / 2 of the main branch diameter on both sides of the main branch and tie them to the horizontal trellis, and remove the rest of the branches;

[0011] Repeat the work in the third year until the branches cover the entire surface of the frame.

[0012] Preferably, when pulling branches in May or June of the second year, the branches are pulled at a distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m from the ground, the branch extension direction is the same as the row direction, and the branch pulling angle is 45 to 60 degrees to the ground; when pruning in winter, lightly cut at the full buds at the tip of the branch.

[0013] Preferably, starting from the third year, the interval between two adjacent side branches is 20 to 30 cm.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The present invention utilizes the nutrient branches sprouted from the base of the original pear tree trunk (20 to 40 cm from the ground) to cultivate the trunk and branches into a two-branch or single-branch trellis cultivation tree shape, and then cultivates the fruiting branch group. Before the new tree shape is formed, the original trunk and fruiting branches are retained to continue to bear fruit. After the new tree-shaped branches cover the frame surface and have the ability to bear fruit, the original fruiting branch group and trunk are gradually retracted and thinned out. The renewal is completed in 5 to 6 years, achieving the goal of renewing the pear tree shape while having little impact on the pear orchard yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pear tree structure in the first winter after the update;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pear tree structure in the second winter after the update;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pear tree structure in the fourth winter after the update;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a bird's-eye view of the pear tree in winter, the fourth year after the update. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The invention provides a method for renewing the tree shape of an adult pear tree, comprising the following steps: cultivating nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the original pear tree trunk (20-40 cm from the ground) into the trunk and branches of a trellis-cultivated tree shape, then cultivating fruiting branch groups, retaining the original trunk and fruiting branches to continue to bear fruit before the trellis-cultivated tree shape is formed, and gradually retracting and thinning out the fruiting branch groups and trunk of the original tree shape after the new tree-shaped branches cover the frame surface and have the ability to bear fruit, and completing the renewal of the tree shape in 5-6 years.

[0021] The present invention does not specifically limit the original tree shape of mature pear trees, and preferably includes a natural open-heart shape. The renewal method of the present invention retains the original tree body for fruiting while cultivating a two-main-branch or single-main-branch trellis tree shape, thereby reducing the fruit yield loss caused by the change of tree shape. The renewal method of the present invention renews the original tree body: pear trees with no diseases and insect pests on the main trunk and the ability to produce branches are selected as renewal trees. Thin out branches whose branch extension direction is the same as the row direction; retain the original fruiting branch group for fruiting before the new tree shape is formed, "press the branches with fruits" to prevent the original tree shape branches from growing too vigorously; after the new tree shape has the ability to bear fruit, gradually thin out the original branches and trunks, and thin them back to the base of the original tree trunk in 2 to 3 years.

[0022] By using the renewal method of the present invention, the original tree shape can be updated to a two-main-branch or single-main-branch trellis cultivation tree shape: after promoting germination through natural germination or bud cutting, strong branches are selected for cultivation, and they are tied with bamboo poles in the first year to ensure their upright growth, increasing the thickness and height of the branches; the new tree shape has a fixed trunk height of 0.8 to 1.0 m, and the extension direction of the main branches is the same as the row direction, extending in the north-south direction.

[0023] The renewal method of the present invention can be divided into three stages, namely, cultivating nutrient branches, pulling branches for shaping, and orderly thinning out the original tree branches, wherein cultivating nutrient branches preferably includes: tying up the nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the original tree trunk (20 to 40 cm from the ground) to keep them growing upright; if there are no nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the trunk (20 to 40 cm from the ground), 7 to 10 days before the buds sprout in spring, use a hacksaw blade to carve buds above 2 to 4 buds located in the base of the original tree trunk (20 to 40 cm from the ground), and carve the buds deep into the phloem, and apply a branching hormone to promote bud sprouting. In spring, increase fertilizer and water management to promote branch growth. In May and June, select 1 to 2 strong branches to tie them with bamboo poles to grow upright, and the rest of the branches are thinned out from the base.

[0024] The branch pulling and shaping of the present invention preferably includes: according to the growth characteristics of pear tree branches, in May and June of the second year, when the thickness of the base of the nutrient branch reaches more than 1.0 cm, the branch is supported by bamboo poles and pulled at a distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m from the ground, the branch extension direction is the same as the row direction, and the branch pulling angle is 45 to 60 degrees with the ground, and the nutrient branch is used as the main branch of the new tree shape; during winter pruning, the main branch is tied to the horizontal frame in a horizontal state, the main branch extension branch is tied to the horizontal frame with bamboo poles and other supports to 20 to 30 degrees, the upper buds are selected and cut short at the full position of the extension branch tip, the branches on the main trunk and main branches are thinned, and the buds on the back and lower back of the main branch are wiped out; the main branches are continued to be cultivated in the third year. In May and June, the branches with strong growth on the main branches are selected and tied to the horizontal frame at 30 degrees, perpendicular to the main branches, to form side branches. During winter pruning, pull the main branch to a horizontal level, tie the main branch extension branches with bamboo poles and other supports to a 20-30 degree angle with the horizontal trellis, and select and cut the upper buds at the full position of the extension branches. Select side branches with a base diameter less than 1 / 2 of the main branch diameter on both sides of the main branch and lure them to tie them to the horizontal trellis. All side branches are spaced 20-30 cm apart, and the rest are thinned out; repeat the work of the third year until the branches cover the entire trellis.

[0025] The orderly thinning of the original tree branches described in the present invention preferably includes: thinning out the branches that are consistent with the growth direction of the main branches (generally branches that are north-south based on the row direction) when cultivating new tree-shaped nutrient branches, to ensure that the nutrient branches have sufficient growth space and light conditions; in the later stage, retaining the original fruiting branch groups to bear fruit until the new tree-shaped branches cover the entire frame surface and have the ability to bear fruit, and then gradually retracting and thinning out the original tree-shaped branches to complete the tree renewal in 5 to 6 years.

[0026] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a method for renewing the shape of mature pear trees provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Targeting the Liyuan area in the coastal area of ​​Ningbo City.

[0029] 1. Cultivate nutrient branches: tie up the nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the original trunk of the Cuiguan Pear tree (20-40cm from the ground) with bamboo poles and other supports to keep them growing upright; if there are no nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the trunk (20-40cm from the ground), use a hacksaw blade to carve buds above 2-4 buds at the base of the original trunk (20-40cm from the ground) 7-10 days before the buds sprout in spring, and carve deep into the phloem, and apply branching hormone to promote bud germination. In spring, increase fertilizer and water management to promote branch growth. In May and June, select 1-2 strong branches and tie them with bamboo poles to grow upright ( Figure 1 ), and the remaining branches are thinned out from the base.

[0030] 2. Branch pulling and shaping: According to the growth characteristics of pear tree branches, in May and June of the second year, when the base thickness of the nutrient branches reaches more than 1.0 cm, use bamboo poles to support them and pull them at a distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m from the ground. The branch extension direction is the same as the row direction, and the branch pulling angle is 45 to 60 degrees to the ground. This nutrient branch is used as the main branch of the new tree shape. When pruning in winter, tie the main branch to the horizontal frame in a horizontal state, tie the main branch extension branch with bamboo poles and other supports to 20 to 30 degrees with the horizontal frame, select and shorten the upper buds at the full part of the extension branch tip, thin out the branches on the main trunk and main branches, and remove the upper and lower buds on the main branches ( Figure 2 ); In the third year, continue to cultivate the main branches. From May to June, select branches with vigorous growth and tie them to the horizontal trellis at 30 degrees, perpendicular to the main branch to form side branches. During winter pruning, pull the main branch to the horizontal, pull the main branch extension branches to 20-30 degrees with the horizontal trellis, and select the upper buds at the full part of the extension branch tip to be cut short. Select side branches with a base diameter less than 1 / 2 of the main branch diameter on both sides of the main branch, tie them to the horizontal trellis, and space all side branches 20-30cm apart. Remove the remaining branches; repeat the work of the third year until the branches cover the entire trellis surface ( Figure 3 and 4 ).

[0031] 3. Orderly thinning of existing tree branches: When cultivating new tree-shaped nutrient branches, thin out branches that are consistent with the growth direction of the main branches (generally branches that are north-south based on the row direction) to ensure that the nutrient branches have enough growth space and light conditions; in the later stage, retain the original fruiting branch groups until the new tree shape covers the entire frame and has the ability to bear fruit, then gradually retract and thin out the original tree branches to complete tree renewal in 5 to 6 years.

[0032] The per-acre yield of the pear orchard from the first to the fifth year after the renewal was statistically analyzed, as shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1 Pear orchard yield per mu after update (k g )

[0034] First Year Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Update Tree 1631.5 1832.4 1329.9 1603.8 1917.6 Tree not updated 2039.4 2137.8 1994.7 2004.6 2011.4

[0035] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for renewing the shape of mature pear trees, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the original natural open-heart-shaped pear tree trunk are cultivated into the trunk and branches of the trellis-cultivated tree shape, and then the fruiting branch group is cultivated, and the original trunk and fruiting branches are retained before the trellis-cultivated tree shape is formed to continue to bear fruit, and after the new tree-shaped branches cover the frame surface and have the ability to bear fruit, the fruiting branch group and trunk of the original tree shape are gradually retracted and thinned out, and the tree shape renewal is completed in 5 to 6 years; the base of the trunk of the natural open-heart-shaped pear tree is 20 to 40 cm above the ground; The trellis cultivation tree shape includes a two-main-branch trellis cultivation tree shape or a single-main-branch trellis cultivation tree shape; The fixed trunk height of the tree cultivated on the trellis is 0.8-1.0m, and the extension direction of the main branches is the same as the row direction, extending in the north-south direction.

2. The method for renewing the shape of mature pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation of the tree shape cultivated on the trellis includes cultivating strong branches that germinate naturally or promote germination by cutting buds, thinning out other branches, and making the strong branches grow upright in the first year to cultivate the trunk of the new tree shape.

3. The method for renewing the shape of mature pear trees according to claim 2, characterized in that: In May or June of the second year, when the base thickness of the strong branches is more than 1.0 cm, the branches are pulled to cultivate the main branches of the new tree shape; During the winter pruning in the second year, the main branches of the new tree shape are tied to the horizontal frame surface, the main branch extension branches are tied to an angle of 20 to 30 degrees with the horizontal trellis, the upper buds at the top of the main branch extension branches are selected and cut short, the branches on the main trunk and main branches are thinned out, and the upper and lower buds on the main branches are wiped out; In May and June of the third year, select branches with vigorous growth and tie them to the horizontal trellis at an angle of 30 degrees, perpendicular to the main branches, to form side branches; during winter pruning, pull the main branches to the horizontal, tie the main branch extension branches with supports to an angle of 20 to 30 degrees to the horizontal trellis, and select the upper buds at the top of the extension branches for short cuts; select side branches with a base diameter less than 1 / 2 of the main branch diameter on both sides of the main branch and tie them to the horizontal trellis, and remove the rest of the branches; Repeat the work in the third year until the branches cover the entire surface of the frame.

4. The method for renewing the shape of mature pear trees according to claim 3, characterized in that: When pulling branches in May and June of the second year, pull them at a distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m from the ground. The branch extension direction is the same as the row direction, and the pulling angle is 45 to 60 degrees to the ground. When pruning in winter, lightly cut at the full buds at the tip of the branch.

5. The method for renewing the shape of mature pear trees according to claim 3, characterized in that: Starting from the third year, the distance between two adjacent side branches is 20 to 30 cm.

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