A laser heating device and a laser heating method

Abstract

The present invention provides a laser heating device and a laser heating method, belonging to the technical field of laser application equipment. The laser heating device includes a base plate, a workpiece placement plate, a horizontal movement mechanism, a longitudinal lifting mechanism, and a laser heating unit. The workpiece placement plate is parallel to the base plate and is connected to the base plate through the horizontal movement mechanism. The horizontal movement mechanism can drive the workpiece placement plate to move in a first direction and a second direction parallel to the base plate. The laser heating unit is connected to the base plate through the longitudinal lifting mechanism. The longitudinal lifting mechanism can drive the laser heating unit to lift in a direction perpendicular to the base plate. The laser heating unit is used to focus the received external laser in the form of a light spot on the workpiece placement plate. Using this laser heating device can completely and fully heat workpieces with irregular outer shapes, improving production efficiency and processing quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser application equipment, and in particular to a laser heating device and a laser heating method. Background Art

[0002] Laser heating is the process of heating a material using laser energy. Laser heating is a mature technology. It involves a laser beam emitted from a laser, transmitted and focused, and then irradiated onto the surface of a material. A portion of the laser beam is reflected, while another portion enters the material and is absorbed, becoming effective energy. Laser photons incident on the material undergo inelastic collisions with free electrons within the material, where they are absorbed by conduction band electrons. These absorbed electrons transition to a higher energy level and convert the absorbed energy into thermal oscillations, rapidly increasing the temperature of the material's surface.

[0003] In related technologies, laser heating quenching equipment typically consists of multiple laser processing heads connected to a laser. These heads are arranged linearly and direct the laser light emitted by the lasers to continuously heat the workpiece. Heat accumulation gradually increases the temperature until the specified austenite transformation temperature and quenching depth are reached at the final laser heating point. Laser quenching is achieved by controlling the laser quenching process parameters.

[0004] In the prior art, laser heating and quenching devices are typically used to process workpieces with regular, flat, or regularly arranged surfaces. However, when processing irregularly shaped workpieces with special-shaped surfaces, different locations on the workpiece's outer surface require different heating temperatures and laser irradiation areas. Existing laser heating and quenching devices, due to the uniform laser irradiation specifications of multiple laser processing heads, result in poor surface processing accuracy after heating, requiring frequent post-processing corrections and reducing production efficiency and processing quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a laser heating device and a laser heating method that can fully and completely heat workpieces with irregular shapes, thereby improving production efficiency and processing quality. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser heating device, comprising:

[0007] Base plate, workpiece placement plate, horizontal moving mechanism, longitudinal lifting mechanism and laser heating part,

[0008] The workpiece placement plate is used to hold workpieces. The workpiece placement plate is parallel to the base plate and is connected to the base plate through the horizontal movement mechanism. The horizontal movement mechanism is configured to be able to drive the workpiece placement plate to move along a first direction and a second direction parallel to the base plate, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular;

[0009] The laser heating part is connected to the base plate through the longitudinal lifting mechanism. The longitudinal lifting mechanism is configured to be able to drive the laser heating part to lift in a direction perpendicular to the base plate. The laser heating part is used to focus the received external laser in the form of a light spot on the workpiece placement plate.

[0010] Optionally, the laser heating part includes a connection bracket, a focusing structure fixing seat, and a plurality of right-angle focusing structures. The right-angle focusing structure includes a right-angle refraction member and a 45° refraction mirror. The right-angle refraction member includes a first tube body and a second tube body connected perpendicularly to each other. The inner hole of the first tube body communicates with the inner hole of the second tube body. The 45° refraction mirror is arranged at the bending connection of the first tube body and the second tube body. The hypotenuse mirror surface of the 45° refraction mirror is located at the inner hole bending of the first tube body and the second tube body. A first gradient lens is arranged in the first tube body, and a second gradient lens is arranged at the end of the second tube body. The first tube body is used to connect to an external optical fiber. The focusing structure fixing seat is in the shape of a strip plate and is provided with a plurality of mounting holes at equal intervals along the length direction. The second tube bodies of the plurality of right-angle focusing structures are inserted into the plurality of mounting holes one by one. The focusing structure fixing seat is connected to the longitudinal lifting mechanism through the connection bracket.

[0011] Optionally, the first tube body includes an insertion tube section and an optical fiber connection section. The insertion tube section is connected to the second tube body. The optical fiber connection section includes an optical fiber male head and an optical fiber female head. The optical fiber male head is used to sleeve outside the optical fiber and is fixedly connected to one end of the optical fiber female head. The optical fiber is inserted into the inner hole of the optical fiber female head. The other end of the optical fiber female head is fixedly inserted into the inner hole of the optical fiber connection section. The first gradient lens is fixedly connected to the other end of the optical fiber female head. The end of the optical fiber is spaced from the first gradient lens.

[0012] Optionally, two glue injection holes are provided on the side wall of the other end of the optical fiber female head. The glue injection holes communicate with the inner hole of the optical fiber female head. The two glue injection holes are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis direction of the optical fiber female head.

[0013] Optionally, two fixing bolt holes are provided on the side wall of the insertion tube section. The two fixing bolt holes communicate with the inner hole of the insertion tube section. The two fixing bolt holes are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis direction of the insertion tube section.

[0014] Optionally, limiting protrusions are respectively and convexly provided at two ends of the focusing structure fixing seat in the length direction, and the two limiting protrusions have limiting surfaces that are parallel and oppositely arranged.

[0015] Optionally, first bolt holes are provided at two ends of the focusing structure fixing seat in the length direction, and second bolt holes matching the first bolt holes are correspondingly provided on the connecting bracket.

[0016] Optionally, the horizontal movement mechanism includes a first electric slide rail and two second electric slide rails. The two second electric slide rails are arranged along the first direction, and are arranged in parallel and at intervals between the two second electric slide rails. The first electric slide rail is arranged along the second direction, and two ends of the first electric slide rail are respectively slidably mounted on the two second electric slide rails, and the workpiece placement plate is slidably mounted on the first electric slide rail.

[0017] Optionally, a plurality of vacuum adsorption holes are uniformly and spacedly provided on the plate surface of the workpiece placement plate.

[0018] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser heating method, which is implemented based on the laser heating device described in the foregoing first aspect. The laser heating method includes:

[0019] Step 1, place the workpiece to be heated on the workpiece placement plate;

[0020] Step 2, use the horizontal movement mechanism to adjust the position of the workpiece placement plate relative to the laser heating part in the first direction and the second direction;

[0021] Step 3, use the longitudinal lifting mechanism to adjust the longitudinal distance between the laser heating part and the workpiece;

[0022] Step 4, focus the externally received laser in the form of a light spot on the workpiece placement plate through the laser heating part to heat and process the workpiece;

[0023] Step 5, repeat steps 2 to 4 to adjust the relative position and size of the light spot on the workpiece placement plate until all the surfaces to be heated of the workpiece are heated.

[0024] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention at least include:

[0025] By using the laser heating device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the orientation of the workpiece placement plate for holding the workpiece relative to the laser heating part can be adjusted in the horizontal X-axis and Y-axis directions by means of the horizontal movement mechanism; at the same time, the longitudinal distance between the laser heating part and the workpiece is adjusted by means of the longitudinal lifting mechanism to adjust the position and size of the light spot irradiated on the workpiece placement plate. For workpieces with different shapes, continuous irradiation processing can be carried out adaptively by adjusting the light spot, ensuring that all the irregularly shaped surfaces to be processed of the workpiece with an irregular shape can be heated completely and sufficiently, effectively improving the production efficiency and processing quality. Description of the Drawings

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a laser heating device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic structure diagram of the laser heating part provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic structure diagram of the focusing structure fixing seat provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a right-angle focusing structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the right-angle focusing structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 is as Figure 2 the outer contour schematic diagram of the long light spot in;

[0033] Figure 7 is a flowchart of the laser heating method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1-base plate; 2-workpiece placement plate; 3-horizontal moving mechanism; 4-longitudinal lifting mechanism; 5-laser heating part; 21-vacuum adsorption hole; 31-first electric slide rail; 32-second electric slide rail; 51-connecting bracket; 52-focusing structure fixing seat; 53-right-angle focusing structure; 54-first ladder lens; 55-second ladder lens; 511-second bolt hole; 521-mounting hole; 522-limiting protrusion; 523-first bolt hole; 531-right-angle refraction member; 531a-first tube body; 531b-second tube body; 531c-fiber male connector; 531d-fiber female connector; 531e-glue injection hole; 531f-fixing bolt hole; 532-45° refraction mirror; 5221-limiting surface; 5311-insertion tube section; 5312-fiber connection section; m-fiber; n-waist-shaped bin; n1-branching hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] In related technologies, laser heating quenching equipment typically consists of multiple laser processing heads connected to a laser. These heads are arranged linearly and direct the laser light emitted by the lasers to continuously heat the workpiece. Heat accumulation gradually increases the temperature until the specified austenite transformation temperature and quenching depth are reached at the final laser heating point. Laser quenching is achieved by controlling the laser quenching process parameters.

[0037] In the prior art, laser heating and quenching devices are typically used to process workpieces with regular, flat, or regularly arranged surfaces. However, when processing irregularly shaped workpieces with special-shaped surfaces, different locations on the workpiece's outer surface require different heating temperatures and laser irradiation areas. Existing laser heating and quenching devices, due to the uniform laser irradiation specifications of multiple laser processing heads, result in poor surface processing accuracy after heating, requiring frequent post-processing corrections and reducing production efficiency and processing quality.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a laser heating device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the laser heating unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a focusing structure fixing seat provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the right-angle focusing structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a right-angle focusing structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 Yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the outer contour of the long light spot in .Figures 1 to 6 As shown, through practice, the applicant provides a laser heating device, including a base plate 1, a workpiece placement plate 2, a horizontal movement mechanism 3, a longitudinal lifting mechanism 4, and a laser heating unit 5.

[0039] Among them, the workpiece placement plate 2 is used to hold the workpiece. The workpiece placement plate 2 is parallel to the base plate 1 and is connected to the base plate 1 through the horizontal movement mechanism 3. The horizontal movement mechanism 3 is configured to be able to drive the workpiece placement plate 2 to move in a first direction and a second direction parallel to the base plate 1, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

[0040] The laser heating unit 5 is connected to the base plate 1 through the longitudinal lifting mechanism 4. The longitudinal lifting mechanism 4 is configured to be able to drive the laser heating unit 5 to lift and lower in a direction perpendicular to the base plate 1. The laser heating unit 5 is used to focus the received external laser in the form of a light spot on the workpiece placement plate 2.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present invention, when laser heating processing of a workpiece with an irregular shape is required, first place the workpiece on the workpiece placement plate 2, and use the horizontal movement mechanism 3 to adjust the position of the workpiece placement plate 2 relative to the laser heating unit 5 in the first direction and the second direction. To move the part of the workpiece that needs to be heated preferentially to a suitable position below the laser heating unit 5. Then use the longitudinal lifting mechanism 4 to adjust the longitudinal distance between the laser heating unit 5 and the workpiece. Ensure that the laser light spot focused by the laser heating unit 5 subsequently can stably irradiate on the position to be processed of the workpiece. Then the received external laser can be focused on the workpiece placement plate 2 in the form of a light spot through the laser heating unit 5 to heat and process the current position to be processed of the workpiece. Then, the position of the workpiece placement plate 2 relative to the laser heating unit 5 can be adjusted again by using the horizontal movement mechanism 3, and at the same time, the longitudinal distance between the laser heating unit 5 and the workpiece placement plate 2 can be adjusted by using the longitudinal lifting mechanism 4 to further adjust the relative position and size of the light spot on the workpiece placement plate 2, so as to realize continuous heating of other positions to be processed on the workpiece with an irregular shape that have not been heated until all the surfaces to be heated of the workpiece are heated.

[0042] By using the laser heating device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the orientation of the workpiece placement plate 2 for holding the workpiece relative to the laser heating unit 5 can be adjusted in the horizontal X-axis and Y-axis directions by using the horizontal movement mechanism 3; at the same time, the longitudinal distance between the laser heating unit 5 and the workpiece can be adjusted by using the longitudinal lifting mechanism 4 to adjust the position and size of the light spot irradiated on the workpiece placement plate 2. For workpieces with different shapes, continuous irradiation processing can be carried out adaptively by adjusting the light spot, ensuring that all the irregularly shaped surfaces to be processed of the workpiece can be heated completely and sufficiently, effectively improving production efficiency and processing quality.

[0043] Optionally, the laser heating unit 5 includes a connection bracket 51, a focusing structure fixing seat 52, and a plurality of right-angle focusing structures 53. The right-angle focusing structure 53 includes a right-angle refractive member 531 and a 45° refractive mirror 532. The right-angle refractive member 531 includes a first tube body 531a and a second tube body 531b that are perpendicularly connected to each other. The inner hole of the first tube body 531a communicates with the inner hole of the second tube body 531b. The 45° refractive mirror 532 is disposed at the bending connection of the first tube body 531a and the second tube body 531b. The hypotenuse mirror surface of the 45° refractive mirror 532 is located at the inner hole bending of the first tube body 531a and the second tube body 531b. A first gradient lens 54 is disposed inside the first tube body 531a, and a second gradient lens 55 is disposed at the end of the second tube body 531b. The first tube body 531a is used to connect to an external optical fiber m. The focusing structure fixing seat 52 is in the shape of a strip plate and is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 521 at equal intervals along the length direction. The second tube bodies 531b of the plurality of right-angle focusing structures 53 are inserted into the plurality of mounting holes 521 in one-to-one correspondence. The focusing structure fixing seat 52 is connected to the longitudinal lifting mechanism 4 through the connection bracket 51. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal lifting mechanism 4 is a manual lifting platform. A horizontally placed oval bin n is fixed on the liftable moving plate thereon. A plurality of optical fibers introduced from the outside are gathered and stored in the oval bin n and extend out through a plurality of wire splitting holes n1 at one end and are connected to the first tube bodies 531a of the plurality of right-angle refractive members 53 in one-to-one correspondence. The external laser beam enters the inside of the right-angle refractive member 531 under the guidance of the optical fiber m, emits from the end and diverges onto the first gradient lens 54 and then becomes parallel light and irradiates on the hypotenuse mirror surface of the 45° refractive mirror. Then, under the reflection of the hypotenuse mirror surface of the 45° refractive mirror 532, it is perpendicularly projected onto the second gradient lens 55 through the inner hole of the second tube body 531b, and after passing through the second gradient lens 55, it becomes convergent light again, converges to the light output focus and then diverges and irradiates on the workpiece to be processed, forming a defocused light spot. At the same time, the plurality of right-angle focusing structures 53 are inserted into the focusing structure fixing seat 52 in parallel. The defocused light spots guided by the plurality of right-angle focusing structures 53 will form an orderly cross-overlap, and finally form a long light spot as shown in Figure 6 shown. It can expand the laser heating range, heat multiple workpieces at the same time, or heat the irregular workpiece to be processed as a whole, further improving the production efficiency and processing quality.

[0044] Exemplarily, in an embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal movement mechanism 3 includes a first electric slide rail 31 and two second electric slide rails 32. The two second electric slide rails 32 are arranged along a first direction, and are arranged in parallel and spaced apart between the two second electric slide rails 32. The first electric slide rail 31 is arranged along a second direction, and both ends of the first electric slide rail 31 are slidably mounted on the two second electric slide rails 32 respectively. The workpiece placement plate 2 is slidably mounted on the first electric slide rail 31. By controlling the sliding of the workpiece placement plate 2 on the first electric slide rail 31 and controlling the overall sliding of the first electric slide rail 31 on the two second electric slide rails 32, the position adjustment of the workpiece in the horizontal direction is realized.

[0045] Optionally, the first pipe body 531a includes an insertion pipe section 5311 and an optical fiber connection section 5312. The insertion pipe section 5311 is connected to the second pipe body 531b. The optical fiber connection section 5312 includes an optical fiber male head 531c and an optical fiber female head 531d. The optical fiber male head 531c is used for sleeving outside the optical fiber m and fixedly connecting to one end of the optical fiber female head 531d. The optical fiber m is inserted into the inner hole of the optical fiber female head 531d. The other end of the optical fiber female head 531d is fixedly inserted into the inner hole of the optical fiber connection section 5312. The first gradient lens 54 is fixedly connected to the other end of the optical fiber female head 531d. The end of the optical fiber m is arranged at an interval from the first gradient lens 54. Exemplarily, in an embodiment of the present invention, by setting the optical fiber connection section 5312 for guiding and connecting and fixing the optical fiber m to be detachably connected to the first pipe body 531a, it is convenient for the staff to disassemble, replace the optical fiber m or the first gradient lens 54, and perform maintenance when the laser heating device is not in use, improving the practicability of the laser heating device.

[0046] Optionally, two glue injection holes 531e are provided on the side wall of the other end of the optical fiber female head 531d. The glue injection holes 531e communicate with the inner hole of the optical fiber female head 531d. The two glue injection holes 531e are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis direction of the optical fiber female head 531d. Exemplarily, in an embodiment of the present invention, after the first gradient lens 54 is assembled in place in the optical fiber female head 531d, glue can be dripped through the two glue injection holes 531e for bonding and fixing. Adopting the integral connection form of the first gradient lens 54 and the optical fiber female head 531d, the structure is simple and the installation is convenient.

[0047] Optionally, two fixing bolt holes 531f are provided on the side wall of the insertion pipe section 5311. The two fixing bolt holes 531f communicate with the inner hole of the insertion pipe section 5311. The two fixing bolt holes 531f are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis direction of the insertion pipe section 5311. Exemplarily, in an embodiment of the present invention, after the optical fiber connection section 5312 and the insertion pipe section 5311 are assembled in place, bolts can be inserted through the two fixing bolt holes 531f and tightened to avoid loosening during work, improving the assembly stability of the laser heating device.

[0048] Optionally, limiting protrusions 522 are respectively and protrudingly provided at both ends of the focusing structure fixing seat 52 in the length direction, and the two limiting protrusions 522 have limiting surfaces 5221 that are parallel and oppositely arranged. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the focusing structure fixing seat 52 and the opposite limiting surfaces 5221 on the two end limiting protrusions 522 jointly define a "U"-shaped installation groove. After a plurality of right-angle focusing structures 53 are cooperatively installed, the two limiting protrusions 522 can play a role in limiting and fixing from both sides, avoiding the relative rotation of the right-angle focusing structure 53 around the mounting hole 521, and further improving the assembly stability of the laser heating device.

[0049] Optionally, first bolt holes 523 are provided at both ends of the focusing structure fixing seat 52 in the length direction, and corresponding second bolt holes 511 are provided on the connecting bracket 51. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, the focusing structure fixing seat 52 corresponds to the second bolt holes 511 on the connecting bracket 51 through the first bolt holes 523 on the outer sides of both ends and is bolted, with a simple structure and convenient disassembly and assembly.

[0050] Optionally, a plurality of vacuum adsorption holes 21 are evenly spaced on the plate surface of the workpiece placement plate 2. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the workpiece is placed on the workpiece placement plate 2 for processing, the workpiece can be stably adsorbed on the workpiece placement plate 2 by providing negative pressure through the vacuum adsorption holes 21, avoiding the shaking of the workpiece during position movement, and further improving the processing stability.

[0051] Figure 7 is a flowchart of the laser heating method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 7 shown, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a laser heating method, which is implemented based on Figures 1 to 5 the above-mentioned laser heating device, and the placement method includes the following steps:

[0052] S1, Place the workpiece to be heated on the workpiece placement plate 2.

[0053] S2, Use the horizontal movement mechanism 3 to adjust the position of the workpiece placement plate 2 relative to the laser heating unit 5 in the first direction and the second direction.

[0054] S3, Use the longitudinal lifting mechanism 4 to adjust the longitudinal distance between the laser heating unit 5 and the workpiece.

[0055] S4, Focus the externally received laser in the form of a light spot on the workpiece placement plate 2 through the laser heating unit 5 to heat and process the workpiece.

[0056] S5. Repeat S2 to S4 to adjust the relative position and size of the light spot on the workpiece placement plate 2 until all the surfaces of the workpiece to be heated are heated.

[0057] By using the laser heating device and the laser heating method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the orientation of the workpiece placement plate 2 for holding the workpiece relative to the laser heating part 5 can be adjusted in the horizontal X-axis and Y-axis directions by means of the horizontal moving mechanism 3; at the same time, the longitudinal distance between the laser heating part 5 and the workpiece is adjusted by means of the longitudinal lifting mechanism 4 to adjust the position and size of the light spot irradiated on the workpiece placement plate 2. For workpieces with different shapes, continuous irradiation processing can be carried out adaptively by adjusting the light spot, ensuring that all the irregular-shaped surfaces to be processed of the workpiece with an irregular shape can be heated completely and sufficiently, effectively improving the production efficiency and processing quality.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the specification and claims of the present invention for patent application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms such as "a" or "one" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but indicate that there is at least one. The terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or objects appearing before "comprising" or "including" cover the elements or objects listed after "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "up", "down", "left" and "right" are only used to indicate relative position relationships, and when the absolute position of the object to be described changes, the relative position relationships may also change accordingly.

[0059] The above are only optional embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser heating device, characterized in that, Comprising: a base plate (1), a workpiece placement plate (2), a horizontal movement mechanism (3), a longitudinal lifting mechanism (4), and a laser heating unit (5), the workpiece placement plate (2) is used for placing workpieces, the workpiece placement plate (2) is parallel to the base plate (1) and is connected to the base plate (1) through the horizontal movement mechanism (3), the horizontal movement mechanism (3) is configured to be able to drive the workpiece placement plate (2) to move along a first direction and a second direction parallel to the base plate (1), and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular; the laser heating unit (5) is connected to the base plate (1) through the longitudinal lifting mechanism (4), the longitudinal lifting mechanism (4) is configured to be able to drive the laser heating unit (5) to lift in a direction perpendicular to the base plate (1), and the laser heating unit (5) is used for focusing the received external laser in the form of a light spot on the workpiece placement plate (2); the laser heating unit (5) includes a connection bracket (51), a focusing structure fixing seat (52), and a plurality of right-angle focusing structures (53), the right-angle focusing structure (53) includes a right-angle refraction member (531) and a 45° refraction mirror (532), the right-angle refraction member (531) includes a first tube body (531a) and a second tube body (531b) connected perpendicularly to each other, the inner hole of the first tube body (531a) communicates with the inner hole of the second tube body (531b), the 45° refraction mirror (532) is arranged at the bending connection of the first tube body (531a) and the second tube body (531b), the hypotenuse mirror surface of the 45° refraction mirror (532) is located at the inner hole bending of the first tube body (531a) and the second tube body (531b), a first gradient lens (54) is arranged in the first tube body (531a), a second gradient lens (55) is arranged at the end of the second tube body (531b), the first tube body (531a) is used for connecting with an external optical fiber (m), the focusing structure fixing seat (52) is in the shape of a strip plate and is provided with a plurality of mounting holes (521) at equal intervals along the length direction, the second tube bodies (531b) of the plurality of right-angle focusing structures (53) are inserted into the plurality of mounting holes (521) in one-to-one correspondence, the focusing structure fixing seat (52) is connected to the longitudinal lifting mechanism (4) through the connection bracket (51), and the defocused light spots guided by the plurality of right-angle focusing structures (53) form a long light spot for simultaneously heating a plurality of workpieces or integrally heating a special-shaped workpiece to be processed.

2. The laser heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first pipe body (531a) includes an insertion pipe section (5311) and an optical fiber connection section (5312). The insertion pipe section (5311) is connected to the second pipe body (531b). The optical fiber connection section (5312) includes an optical fiber male head (531c) and an optical fiber female head (531d). The optical fiber male head (531c) is used to sleeve outside the optical fiber (m) and fixedly connect to one end of the optical fiber female head (531d). The optical fiber (m) is inserted into the inner hole of the optical fiber female head (531d). The other end of the optical fiber female head (531d) is fixedly inserted into the inner hole of the insertion pipe section (5311). The first stepped lens (54) is fixedly connected to the other end of the optical fiber female head (531d). The end of the optical fiber (m) is arranged at an interval from the first stepped lens (54).

3. The laser heating device according to claim 2, wherein Two glue injection holes (531e) are provided on the side wall of the other end of the optical fiber female head (531d). The glue injection holes (531e) communicate with the inner hole of the optical fiber female head (531d). The two glue injection holes (531e) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axial direction of the optical fiber female head (531d).

4. The laser heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two fixing bolt holes (531f) are provided on the side wall of the insertion pipe section (5311). The two fixing bolt holes (531f) communicate with the inner hole of the insertion pipe section (5311). The two fixing bolt holes (531f) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axial direction of the insertion pipe section (5311).

5. The laser heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that At both ends of the focusing structure fixing seat (52) in the length direction, limiting protrusions (522) are respectively protruded. The two limiting protrusions (522) have limiting surfaces (5221) that are parallel and opposite to each other.

6. The laser heating device according to claim 5, characterized in that, At both ends of the focusing structure fixing seat (52) in the length direction, first bolt holes (523) are provided. On the connecting bracket (51), second bolt holes (511) corresponding to and matching the first bolt holes (523) are provided.

7. The laser heating device according to claim 1, wherein, The horizontal movement mechanism (3) includes a first electric slide rail (31) and two second electric slide rails (32). The two second electric slide rails (32) are arranged along the first direction. The two second electric slide rails (32) are arranged in parallel and at intervals. The first electric slide rail (31) is arranged along the second direction. Both ends of the first electric slide rail (31) are slidably installed on the two second electric slide rails (32). The workpiece placement plate (2) is slidably installed on the first electric slide rail (31).

8. The laser heating device according to claim 7, wherein, A plurality of vacuum adsorption holes (21) are evenly spaced on the plate surface of the workpiece placement plate (2).

9. A laser heating method, characterized in that, The laser heating method is realized based on the laser heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The laser heating method includes: Step 1, place the workpiece to be heated on the workpiece placement plate (2); Step 2, use the horizontal movement mechanism (3) to adjust the position of the workpiece placement plate (2) relative to the laser heating part (5) in the first direction and the second direction; Step 3: Use the vertical lifting mechanism (4) to adjust the vertical distance between the laser heating part (5) and the workpiece; Step 4: The external laser received by the laser heating part (5) is focused on the workpiece placement plate (2) in the form of a light spot to heat and process the workpiece; Step 5: Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 to adjust the relative position and size of the light spot on the workpiece placement plate (2) until all the surfaces of the workpiece to be heated are heated.

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