Electrostatic separator and electrostatic separator

Abstract

The present invention discloses an electrostatic separator and an electrostatic separator, which belongs to the technical field of dry electrostatic separator, and is used to solve the problems of low separation efficiency and low recovery efficiency of particles to be selected in the prior art. The electrostatic separator includes a shell, a power supply, a plurality of collecting troughs and a plurality of pairs of grading electrode plates; the shell is an open structure, which is connected to the external environment; the collecting trough is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the grading electrode plate is arranged on the inner wall of the shell; one end of the grading electrode plate is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end is grounded; a plurality of pairs of grading electrode plates are arranged in sequence along a direction gradually away from the discharge port of the medium cylinder, and the electric field force generated gradually increases. The present invention can be used for the electrostatic separation of particles to be selected, and can improve the separation effect of the particles to be selected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of dry electrostatic separation, and in particular relates to an electrostatic separator and an electrostatic separation device. Background Art

[0002] Triboelectric separation technology is a dry separation technology that uses the contact, collision and friction between mineral particles or between mineral particles and friction media to generate charges of different sizes and opposite polarities, which are then fed into a high-voltage electric field. Due to the different signs of the particles, the movement trajectories generated are also significantly different, which separates the two minerals. Among them, the effective separation of particles with different charges is one of the key factors affecting the separation efficiency and recovery efficiency.

[0003] In the prior art, a single field strength is usually used to electrostatically separate the charged particles to be selected. However, due to the complexity of the charging of the particle group, particles with different charges will exist in the particle group after friction charging. When these charged particles with different charges enter the electrostatic separation field of a single field strength, the particles with less charge will not be deflected sufficiently, and the particles with more charge will be deflected too early and collide with the electrode plate and rebound to the wrong collection tank, which will result in unsatisfactory product collection effect and affect product recovery efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide an electrostatic separator and an electrostatic separation device to solve the problem in the prior art that different charges of the particles to be selected result in low separation efficiency and separation accuracy after entering an electric field of a single field strength.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0006] The present invention provides an electrostatic separator, comprising a shell, a power supply, a plurality of collecting troughs and a plurality of pairs of grading electrode plates; the shell is an open structure, connected to the external environment; the collecting trough is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the grading electrode plate is arranged on the inner wall of the shell; one end of the grading electrode plate is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end is grounded; the plurality of pairs of grading electrode plates are arranged in sequence along a direction gradually away from a discharge port of a medium cylinder, and the electric field force generated is gradually increased.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer shell is divided into a plurality of levels of mutually connected accommodating chambers in a direction gradually away from the feed port, and a pair of graded electrode plates is arranged in each accommodating chamber; in each pair of graded electrode plates, one graded electrode plate is arranged on one side of the accommodating chamber, and the other graded electrode plate is arranged on the other side of the accommodating chamber, and the positions of the two graded electrode plates correspond to each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the number of the accommodating cavities is 3, and the number of the pairs of the graded electrode plates is 3 pairs.

[0009] Furthermore, the grading electrode plates are arranged obliquely and are rotatably connected to the housing; in each pair of grading electrode plates, the two grading electrode plates are arranged symmetrically with opposite inclination directions.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper end of the grading electrode plate is rotatably connected to the outer shell.

[0011] Furthermore, the voltage range of the graded electrode plates is 25-85 kV.

[0012] Furthermore, the collecting tank comprises a tank body and a partition, and the partition is slidably and detachably connected to a tank wall of the tank body.

[0013] The present invention also provides an electrostatic separation device, comprising the above-mentioned electrostatic separator.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the shell facing the friction charging cylinder is an opening, and the opening is arranged below the friction charging cylinder to serve as a feed port of the electrostatic separator.

[0015] Furthermore, there is a gap between the opening and the outlet of the friction charging cylinder, and the gap distance is 5 to 10 cm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects.

[0017] A) The electrostatic separator provided by the present invention can form multiple adjustable stepped electric fields through multiple pairs of grading electrode plates. Charged particles of different polarities are deflected laterally by electric field forces of different magnitudes and directions and fall into different collecting slots to achieve separation of the charged particles, thereby solving the problem that charged particles with relatively small charges do not have sufficient electric field force for deflection and that particles with relatively large charges are deflected too much and collide with the grading electrode plates, thereby improving the sorting efficiency of charged particles.

[0018] B) The electrostatic separator provided by the present invention is different from a closed electric field. The electrostatic separator of this embodiment is an open separation field. After being charged, the particles to be selected enter the high-voltage electrostatic field through a narrow discharge port. Since it is an open separation field, the charged particles will not be affected by the continuous airflow in the electric field. The airflow only provides an initial velocity to the charged particles. The charged particles fall in the vertical direction of the electrostatic separation area only by their own gravity. In the horizontal direction, the electric field force provides horizontal acceleration to deflect them to produce different trajectories. They will not be disturbed by airflow turbulence, the force condition is simple, and the motion trajectory is relatively uniform and orderly.

[0019] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description, and some advantages can become obvious from the description, or can be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the embodiments of the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like components throughout the drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the electrostatic separator provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the electrostatic separation device provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a voltage stabilizing plate in an electric separation device provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 A top view of a rotating friction pin wheel in the electrostatic separation device provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 A top view of the umbrella spreader in the electrostatic separation device provided by the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 1-fan; 2-vibrating feeder; 3-feeding pipe; 4-flow meter; 5-feeding adjustment; 6-air supply pipeline; 7-concentration detection controller; 8-rotating motor; 9-rotating shaft; 10-wind bag; 11-atomizer; 12-rotating friction pin wheel; 121-needle seedling; 13-voltage stabilizing plate; 14-storage bin; 15-umbrella spreader; 151-fixed plate; 152-spiral blade; 16-medium cylinder; 17-grading electrode plate, 18-housing; 19-power supply; 20-collecting tank; 21-air outlet adjustment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] This embodiment provides an electrostatic separator. Figure 1, including a shell 18, a power supply 19, a plurality of collecting tanks 20 and a plurality of pairs of grading electrode plates 17, wherein the shell is an open structure connected to the external environment, the collecting tank 20 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 18, the grading electrode plate 17 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 18, one end of the grading electrode plate 17 is electrically connected to the power supply 19, and the other end is grounded, and the plurality of pairs of grading electrode plates 17 are arranged in sequence along a direction gradually away from the discharge port of the medium cylinder 16, and the electric field force generated gradually increases.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the electrostatic separator provided in this embodiment can form multiple adjustable stepped electric fields through multiple pairs of grading electrode plates 17. Charged particles of different polarities are deflected laterally by electric field forces of different magnitudes and directions and fall into different collecting troughs 20 to achieve separation of the charged particles, thereby solving the problem that charged particles with relatively small charges do not have sufficient electric field force for deflection and that particles with relatively large charges are deflected too much and collide with the grading electrode plates 17, thereby improving the sorting efficiency of the charged particles.

[0032] In addition, unlike a closed electric field, the electrostatic separator of this embodiment is an open sorting field. After being charged, the particles to be selected enter the high-voltage electrostatic field through a narrow discharge port. Since it is an open sorting field, the charged particles will not be affected by the continuous airflow in the electric field. The airflow only provides an initial velocity to the charged particles. The charged particles fall in the vertical direction of the electrostatic sorting area only by their own gravity. In the horizontal direction, the electric field force provides horizontal acceleration to deflect them to produce different trajectories. They will not be disturbed by airflow turbulence, the force situation is simple, and the motion trajectory is relatively uniform and orderly.

[0033] Exemplarily, the outer shell 18 is divided into a plurality of levels of interconnected accommodating chambers in a direction gradually away from the feed port, and a pair of grading electrode plates 17 is arranged in each accommodating chamber; in each pair of grading electrode plates 17, one grading electrode plate 17 is arranged on one side of the accommodating chamber, and the other grading electrode plate 17 is arranged on the other side of the accommodating chamber, and the positions of the two grading electrode plates 17 correspond to each other, so that a primary electric field can be formed.

[0034] In practical applications, the number of steps of the stepped electric field can be selected according to the difficulty of sorting the charged particles. For example, the number of accommodating cavities is 3 and the number of pairs of grading electrode plates 17 is 3, thereby forming a three-step stepped electric field.

[0035] In order to achieve adjustable angle of the stepped electric field, the grading electrode plate 17 is tilted and rotatably connected to the shell 18. Exemplarily, the upper end of the grading electrode plate 17 is rotatably connected to the shell 18, and in each pair of grading electrode plates 17, the two grading electrode plates 17 are tilted in opposite directions and symmetrically arranged. In this way, by rotating the grading electrode plate 17, the tilt angle of the grading electrode plate 17 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the distance between the pair of grading electrode plates 17 and the generated voltage, wherein the voltage range is 25 to 85 kV.

[0036] In order to be able to adjust the layout position and layout mode of the collecting slot 20 according to the movement deviation of the charged particles, the structure of the collecting slot 20, specifically, includes a slot body and a partition, the internal space of the slot body is divided into a plurality of collecting slots 20 by the partition, the partition is slidably and detachably connected to the slot wall of the slot body, and by adjusting the relative position of the partition and the slot body, the position of the corresponding collecting slot 20 can be changed, thereby being able to adjust the layout position and layout mode of the collecting slot 20 according to the movement deviation of the charged particles.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] This embodiment also provides an electric separation device, see Figure 2 , including the above-mentioned electrostatic separator.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the electrostatic separator provided in this embodiment are substantially the same as the beneficial effects of the electrostatic separator provided in the first embodiment, and are not elaborated here one by one.

[0040] Exemplarily, one end of the housing 18 facing the medium cylinder 16 is open, and the opening is arranged below the medium cylinder 16 as a feed inlet, and there is a gap from the outlet of the medium cylinder 16, and the gap distance is 5 to 10 cm.

[0041] It should be noted that the above-mentioned electrostatic separation device also includes an air supply unit, a feeding unit, a friction charging cylinder and a modified atomization unit, wherein the air supply unit, the air supply pipeline 6, the friction charging cylinder and the electrostatic separator are connected in sequence, the discharge port of the feeding unit and the air outlet of the modified atomization unit are both connected to the air supply pipeline 6, the feed port of the friction charging cylinder is connected to the air outlet of the air supply pipeline 6, the discharge port of the friction charging cylinder is connected to the feed port of the electrostatic separator, the air supply unit is used to provide an airflow from the air supply unit to the friction charging cylinder, the feeding unit is used to provide particles to be selected, and the modified atomization unit is used to provide an atomized surface modifier, the particles to be selected and the atomized surface modifier are mixed in the air supply pipeline 6 and enter the friction charging cylinder under the airflow transport.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the electrostatic separation device provided in this embodiment combines atomization modification technology and particle dispersion technology with friction charging separation technology to solve the problem of unsatisfactory charging separation effect of selected particles in industry and improve the efficiency and separation effect of friction charging of selected particles.

[0043] Specifically, on the one hand, the airflow provided by the air supply unit is used as the conveying medium, which can not only break up the particle group formed by the particles to be selected and enhance the dispersion of the particle group to be selected, but also carry the atomized surface modifier to modify the surface of the particles to be selected, so that the surface modifier is wrapped on the particle group to be selected, and the purpose of dry modification is achieved. This technology can simplify the process flow, is flexible and easy to adjust. On the other hand, in the process of surface modification of the particles to be selected, by selecting a suitable surface modifier, not only can the charge difference between the particles to be selected be enlarged, but also the agglomeration tendency between the particles to be selected can be changed.

[0044] Exemplarily, the air outlet direction of the air supply duct 6 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 9. In this way, during the operation of introducing the modified selected particles, the modified selected particles are fed into the medium cylinder 16 under the lateral force of the airflow. Not only can the collision intensity between the selected particles and the rotating friction pin wheel 12 and the inner wall of the medium cylinder 16 be adjusted by adjusting the airflow speed, but the charging time of the selected particles in the medium cylinder 16 will not be shortened, thereby effectively improving the charging efficiency of the selected particles in the medium cylinder 16.

[0045] Taking into account that the modification of the selected particles is mainly carried out in the air supply duct 6, in order to ensure the sufficient modification of the selected particles, the diameter of the above-mentioned air supply duct 6 is 0.12-0.16m, the length is 5-7m, and the distance between the connection between the modified atomization unit and the connecting duct and the connection between the connecting duct and the friction charging cylinder is 3-5m.

[0046] In order to control the flow rate of the selected particles entering the friction charging cylinder, an air outlet regulating member 21 is provided on the air supply duct 6, for example, a stainless steel insert, which partially covers the discharge port of the air supply duct 6. By adjusting the area of ​​the discharge port covered by the air outlet regulating member 21, the size of the discharge port opening of the air supply duct 6 can be controlled, thereby controlling the flow rate of the selected particles entering the friction charging cylinder.

[0047] In order to prevent the particles to be selected from being pre-charged by friction with the air supply pipeline 6 during the transportation process of the air supply pipeline 6, the air supply pipeline 6 is grounded through a wire.

[0048] Specifically, the air supply unit includes a fan 1 and an air bag 10 , the air outlet of the fan 1 is connected to the air inlet of the air bag 10 , and the air outlet of the air bag 10 is connected to the air inlet of the air supply pipeline 6 .

[0049] In order to detect the air flow rate, a flow meter 4 is provided on the air supply pipeline 6. In this way, the real-time air flow rate data is detected by the flow meter 4 in real time, and it is determined whether the real-time air flow rate data is within the threshold range. If not, the real-time air flow rate is adjusted by the air bag 10 until the real-time air flow rate is within the threshold range, so that the feed concentration in the air supply pipeline 6 and the collision strength of the selected particles can be adjusted. For example, the air flow rate is 100-1000m 3 / h, the air supply pressure is 0.1~0.6MPa.

[0050] Exemplarily, the feeding unit is a vibrating feeder 2, which includes a storage tank and a vibrator. The discharge port of the storage tank is connected to the air supply pipeline 6. The vibrator is used to drive the storage tank to reciprocate at a certain inclination angle. The vibration frequency of the storage tank is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the vibrator, thereby controlling the feeding speed. Exemplarily, the vibration frequency is 2000-5000 Hz, and the maximum amplitude is ±13 mm.

[0051] In order to realize automatic feeding, the above-mentioned storage tank is arranged above the air supply pipeline 6, and the discharge port of the storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the storage tank, and the discharge port is connected to the air supply pipeline 6 through the feeding pipe 3. The feeding pipe 3 is arranged obliquely, and the access direction of the feeding port of the feeding pipe 3 is parallel to the bottom of the storage tank. In this way, the particles to be selected can slide directly into the air supply pipeline 6 by gravity under the action of the exciter.

[0052] In addition, the feeding speed can also be adjusted in the following manner: a feeding adjustment member 5 partially covering the feeding outlet of the feeding pipe 3 is provided at the feeding outlet of the feeding pipe 3, for example, a stainless steel insert. By adjusting the area of ​​the feeding outlet covered by the feeding adjustment member 5, the size of the opening of the feeding outlet of the feeding pipe 3 can be controlled, thereby controlling the feeding speed.

[0053] As for the structure of the modified atomization unit, specifically, the modified atomization unit includes an atomizer 11 (for example, an ultrasonic atomizer) and a storage bin 14, the drug outlet of the atomizer 11 is connected to the drug inlet of the storage bin 14, the air inlet of the storage bin 14 and the air outlet of the storage bin 14 are both connected to the air supply pipeline 6, and along the air supply direction, the flow meter 4, the outlet of the feeding pipe 3, the air inlet of the storage bin 14 and the air outlet of the storage bin 14 are arranged in sequence, the storage bin 14 is used to store the atomized surface modifier, the maximum drug loading is 100L, and the maximum atomization speed of the atomizer 11 is 500L / h.

[0054] In order to detect the concentration of the surface modifier in real time, the above-mentioned electroselection device also includes a concentration detection controller 7 for detecting the concentration of the surface modifier. For example, there are two concentration detection controllers 7, one of which is arranged on the inner wall of the storage bin, and the other is arranged at the air outlet of the air supply duct 6. In this way, the real-time surface modifier concentration data is detected in real time by the concentration detection controller 7, and it is determined whether the real-time surface modifier concentration data reaches the threshold value. If it does not reach the threshold value, the real-time surface modifier concentration data is adjusted by the atomizer 11 until the real-time surface modifier concentration data reaches the threshold value. The above method can detect the concentration of the surface modifier in real time, and control the working time of the atomizer 11 according to the set concentration threshold value, so as to prevent the situation that the selected particles are agglomerated due to the high concentration of the surface modifier or the problem of insufficient modification due to the low concentration of the surface modifier.

[0055] Exemplarily, the air inlet of the storage bin 14 and the air outlet of the storage bin 14 are connected to the air supply duct 6 via a connecting pipe, and a pressure stabilizing plate 13 is provided on the connecting pipe. The pressure stabilizing plate 13 can stabilize the airflow input into the storage bin 14 and the airflow output from the storage bin 14, so that the atomized surface modifier can enter the air supply duct 6 under the transportation of a stable airflow to perform surface modification on the selected particles.

[0056] Specifically, the voltage stabilizing plate 13 includes a plate body, see Figure 3 A plurality of through holes are provided on the plate body, and the opening rate of the voltage stabilizing plate 13 is adjustable. In practical applications, the opening rate can be adjusted by partially blocking the through holes, and a concentrated airflow is dispersed into multiple airflows through the through holes, thereby achieving voltage stabilization.

[0057] The structure of the friction charging cylinder includes a medium cylinder 16, a rotating motor 8, a rotating shaft 9, a rotating friction pin wheel 12 and an umbrella spreader 15. The rotating shaft 9, the rotating friction pin wheel 12 and the umbrella spreader 15 are located in the medium cylinder 16. One end of the rotating shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the rotating motor 8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the umbrella spreader 15 after passing through the rotating friction pin wheel 12. The rotating motor 8 drives the rotating friction pin wheel 12 and the spreader to rotate around the rotating shaft 9 through the rotating shaft 9, and the rotation speed is 50 to 500 r / min. In this way, the particles to be selected enter the medium cylinder 16, and the rotating friction pin wheel 12 is rotated and frictionally charged with the particles to be selected. The charged particles to be selected pass through the umbrella spreader 15 and evenly enter the electrostatic separator. In the process of friction charging of the particles to be selected by the friction charging cylinder of such structure, the particles to be selected experience multiple levels of friction charging, such as collision and impact of the rotating friction pin wheel 12, rebound to the inner wall of the medium cylinder 16, movement and spreading on the umbrella spreader 15, and sliding along the medium cylinder 16, so that the particles to be selected can be fully charged. In addition, the high-speed rotating friction pin wheel 12 can also use mechanical force to hit the particle group to be selected, overcome the adhesion between the particle groups to be selected, enhance the dispersion of the particle group to be selected, and thus improve the agglomeration phenomenon between the particles to be selected.

[0058] As for the structure of the medium cylinder 16, specifically, it includes a cylindrical cylinder and an inverted cone cylinder connected in sequence (for example, welded) from top to bottom, the feed port of the medium cylinder 16 is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder, and the discharge port of the medium cylinder 16 is arranged at the bottom end of the cone cylinder, wherein the rotating shaft 9, the rotating friction pin wheel 12 and the umbrella spreader 15 are all arranged in the cylindrical cylinder. With the medium cylinder 16 of the above structure, on the one hand, the setting of the cylindrical cylinder can effectively increase the volume inside the medium cylinder 16, so as to accommodate the rotating shaft 9, the rotating friction pin wheel 12 and the umbrella spreader 15, and on the other hand, the setting of the inverted cone cylinder can appropriately reduce the movement speed of the particles to be selected, prolong the friction and falling time of the particles to be selected, so that the particles to be selected can be fully charged.

[0059] In order to further improve the charging effect of the selected particles, the structure of the rotating friction pin wheel 12 includes multiple charging layers arranged axially along the rotating shaft 9, see Figure 4There is a gap between two adjacent charged layers, and each charged layer includes a plurality of needle seedlings 121 radially arranged with the rotating shaft 9 as the center, with a gap between each needle seedling 121, and the plurality of needle seedlings 121 are evenly arranged, and the axis of each needle seedling 121 is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 9, and there is a gap between the top of the needle seedling 121 and the inner wall of the medium cylinder 16. Compared with the existing rotating friction rod, the rotating friction pin wheel 12 of this structure has densely arranged and evenly distributed needle seedlings 121, and the principle of dynamic filtration and penetration probability is applied, and the needle seedlings 121 can perform multi-level impact collision on the particle group to be selected, and in the process of fully charging the particles to be selected, it also has a three-dimensional dispersion effect to ensure that the scattered material does not agglomerate.

[0060] In order to improve the uniformity of the cloth, the umbrella cover spreader 15 includes a fixed disk 151 (for example, a circular disk) and a plurality of spiral blades 152 arranged along the circumference of the fixed disk 151, see Figure 5 , relative to the radial direction of the fixed disk 151, the spiral blade 152 is inclined 12 to 18 degrees (for example, 15 degrees) clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby forming an umbrella shape. In this way, after the particles to be selected are charged by the rotating friction pin wheel 12 and fall on the umbrella spreader 15, the movement path of the particles to be selected can be effectively extended, and the time and probability of the particles to be selected dispersing the charge can be further increased. Then, under the action of centrifugal force, they evenly move outward and are distributed in the inverted cone. In addition, the umbrella spreader 15 allows the particles to be dispersed within the maximum allowable range, thereby improving the dispersion uniformity of the particles to be selected.

[0061] It should be noted that in order to prevent confusion in the charging of the particles to be tested, the materials of the umbrella spreader 15, the rotating friction needle wheel 12 and the medium tube 16 are the same, and can be selected according to the friction charging characteristics of the particles to be selected. The purpose is to make different particles to be selected be charged with different polarities after collision and friction with them. Exemplarily, the materials of the three are PVC.

[0062] Based on the above-mentioned structure of the electrostatic separation device, specifically, the separation method includes the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Setting the threshold of the smoke concentration detection controller 7 according to the surface modifier concentration required by the selected particles;

[0064] Add the surface modifier to the atomizer 11, adjust the opening rate of the voltage stabilizing plate 13 to zero, turn on the atomizer 11, and atomize the surface modifier;

[0065] When the reading of the smoke concentration detection controller 7 on the inner wall of the storage bin 14 reaches the set concentration of the drug, close the discharge adjustment member at the discharge end of the feed pipe 3 and the air outlet adjustment member 21 at the discharge port of the air supply pipeline 6, turn on the fan, and open the opening rate of the voltage stabilizing plate 13 to the maximum;

[0066] After the smoke concentration detection controller 7 at the outlet of the air supply pipeline 6 shows a value reaching the set agent concentration threshold, the air outlet adjustment member 21 at the outlet of the air supply pipeline 6 is opened;

[0067] According to the flow meter reading, the opening rate of the voltage stabilizing plate 13 is adjusted, and after the pressure drop and air flow in the air supply pipeline 6 are stabilized, the voltage of each grading electrode plate 17 is set, and the power supply is started. After the voltage is stabilized, the rotating motor 8 is turned on, and after the rotating shaft 9 reaches a stable rotation state, the frequency of the exciter of the vibrating feeder 2 is set;

[0068] Open the feed adjustment member 5 at the discharge end of the feed pipe 3 and start the vibrating feeder 2;

[0069] The particles to be selected slide down the feed pipe 3 into the air supply pipe 6, where they are fully mixed and modified with the atomized surface modifier by a stable and uniform airflow;

[0070] Step 2: The modified particles to be selected are carried by the airflow into the friction charging cylinder. Under the action of the high-speed rotating friction pin wheel 12, the particles to be selected are fully dispersed and fully charged after collision and friction with the rotating friction pin wheel 12 to obtain charged particles.

[0071] The charged particles fall onto the umbrella spreader 15, and under the action of the rotating spiral blades 152, the particles are evenly spread through the bottom of the inverted cone and fall into the electrostatic separator;

[0072] Step 3: In the gradient electric field, the positively charged particles are offset toward the negative plate in the grading electrode plate 17, and the negatively charged particles are offset toward the positive plate in the grading electrode plate 17. The charged particles with a large mass-to-charge ratio are deflected in advance in the collecting groove 20 of the primary electrode plate under the action of the electric field force, and the charged particles with a small charge-to-mass ratio continue to move downward and enter the next electric field for deflection, separation and collection, and finally the separation of particles with different charge-to-mass ratios is achieved.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrostatic separation device, characterized in that: It includes an air supply unit, a feeding unit, a friction charging cylinder, a modified atomization unit and an electrostatic separator; The electrostatic separator comprises a housing, a power supply, a plurality of collecting troughs and a plurality of pairs of grading electrode plates; the housing is an open structure and is connected to the external environment; the collecting trough is arranged at the bottom of the housing, and the grading electrode plate is arranged on the inner wall of the housing; one end of the grading electrode plate is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end is grounded; the plurality of pairs of grading electrode plates are arranged in sequence in a direction gradually away from the discharge port of the medium cylinder, and the electric field force generated gradually increases; The air supply unit, air supply pipeline, friction charging cylinder and electrostatic separator are connected in sequence, the discharge port of the feeding unit and the air outlet of the modified atomization unit are both connected to the air supply pipeline, the feed port of the friction charging cylinder is connected to the air outlet of the air supply pipeline, and the discharge port of the friction charging cylinder is connected to the feed port of the electrostatic separator; The friction charging cylinder comprises a medium cylinder, a rotating motor, a rotating shaft, a rotating friction pin wheel and an umbrella spreader, wherein the rotating shaft, the rotating friction pin wheel and the umbrella spreader are located in the medium cylinder, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the rotating motor, and the other end is fixedly connected to the umbrella spreader after passing through the rotating friction pin wheel, and the rotating motor drives the rotating friction pin wheel and the spreader to rotate around the rotating shaft through the rotating shaft; The rotating friction pin wheel comprises multiple charged layers arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, with a gap between two adjacent charged layers, and each charged layer comprises multiple needles radially arranged with the rotating shaft as the center, with a gap between each needle; The umbrella spreader includes a fixed disk and a plurality of spiral blades arranged along the circumference of the fixed disk, and the spiral blades are inclined clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the radial direction of the fixed disk; The feeding unit is a vibrating feeder, which includes a material storage tank and a vibrator, and the material outlet of the material storage tank is connected to the air supply pipeline through a feeding pipe; The modified atomization unit comprises an atomizer and a storage bin, the drug outlet of the atomizer is connected to the drug inlet of the storage bin, the air inlet of the storage bin and the air outlet of the storage bin are both connected to an air supply pipeline, a voltage stabilizing plate is provided on the connecting pipeline, and along the air supply direction, the material outlet of the feeding pipe, the air inlet of the storage bin and the air outlet of the storage bin are arranged in sequence; The electroselection device also includes a concentration detection controller for detecting the concentration of the surface modifier. There are two concentration detection controllers, one of which is arranged on the inner wall of the storage bin and the other is arranged at the air outlet of the air supply pipeline.

2. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is divided into a plurality of mutually connected accommodating chambers in a direction gradually away from the feed inlet, and a pair of graded electrode plates is arranged in each accommodating chamber; In each pair of grading electrode plates, one grading electrode plate is arranged on one side of the accommodating cavity, and the other grading electrode plate is arranged on the other side of the accommodating cavity, and the positions of the two grading electrode plates correspond to each other.

3. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the accommodating cavities is 3, and the number of the pairs of the grading electrode plates is 3.

4. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grading electrode plate is tilted and rotatably connected to the housing; In each pair of grading electrode plates, the two grading electrode plates are inclined in opposite directions and are symmetrically arranged.

5. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end of the grading electrode plate is rotatably connected to the shell.

6. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage range of the grading electrode plate is 25~85kV.

7. The electrostatic separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The collecting tank comprises a tank body and a partition plate, and the partition plate is slidably and detachably connected to the tank wall of the tank body.

8. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the shell facing the triboelectric charging cylinder is an opening, and the opening is arranged below the triboelectric charging cylinder and serves as a feed port for the electrostatic separator.

9. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: There is a gap between the opening and the outlet of the friction charging cylinder, and the gap is 5-10 cm.

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