Detection method of radial clearance of railway bearings

Abstract

A method for detecting the radial clearance of railway bearings relates to the technical field of bearing clearance detection. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the traditional method for measuring the radial clearance of railway bearings has multiple measurements resulting in large errors, which in turn affects the accuracy of the final measurement. The method is as follows: the bearing is placed on the surface of the measuring table, and the inner ring is radially cut into two parts: inner ring part A and inner ring part B; the outer ring is fixed, and all rolling elements are tightly attached to the raceway on the outer ring. The outer wall of inner ring part B is then tightly attached to the rolling element. The inner ring part A is combined with the inner ring part B to form a complete inner ring, and then moved in the opposite direction to the inner ring part B to the extreme position where it is tightly attached to the rolling element. The maximum displacement value of the inner ring part A is the radial clearance of the bearing. The present invention can obtain a method for detecting the radial clearance of railway bearings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bearing clearance detection, and in particular to a method for detecting the radial clearance of a railway bearing. Background Art

[0002] Bearing clearance is the gap between the rolling elements of a bearing and the inner and outer ring housings of the bearing. Bearing clearance refers to the amount of movement when the inner or outer ring of a bearing is fixed and the loose end is moved radially or axially when the bearing is not mounted on a shaft or bearing housing. It can be divided into radial and axial clearances depending on the direction of movement. The size of the clearance during operation (called working clearance) has a significant impact on the bearing's rolling fatigue life, temperature rise, noise, vibration and other performance. Railway bearings have extremely high safety requirements, so all finished bearings need to be tested for clearance to ensure that the bearings can be used normally. The clearance detection methods used in existing detection technologies have low accuracy, are significantly affected by human factors, and cannot cope with batch testing. Railway bearings are used on passenger trains, which have high safety requirements and require full inspection.

[0003] Traditional measurement methods require a person to physically push the bearing for measurement, significantly impacting the results. Furthermore, the outer ring, inner ring, and rolling elements all interact, influencing the measurement results. Clearance measurement is now done by measuring the outer or inner diameter. When measuring the outer and inner diameters, the rollers must be fixed against the raceways, resulting in higher accuracy. Separate measurements of the inner and outer raceway dimensions offer relatively high accuracy. The outer and inner diameter dimensions are then combined with the inner and outer raceway dimensions to calculate the bearing's radial clearance.

[0004] Through this conversion method, the measured clearance size is converted into the inner or outer circle size of the bearing, and then the clearance size can be calculated with the raceway size. However, multiple measurements will lead to increased errors and affect the accuracy of the final measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the traditional method for measuring the radial clearance of railway bearings has multiple measurements resulting in large errors, which in turn affects the accuracy of the final measurement, and to provide a method for detecting the radial clearance of railway bearings.

[0006] The detection method of the radial clearance of railway bearings is carried out according to the following steps:

[0007] Place the bearing on the surface of the measuring table and cut the inner ring 2 radially into inner ring part A 4 and inner ring part B 5. Fix the outer ring 1 and all rolling elements 3 tightly against the raceway on the outer ring 1. Then, press the outer wall of the inner ring part B 5 tightly against the rolling elements 3. Move the inner ring part A 4 from the state of being combined with the inner ring part B 5 to form a complete inner ring 2. Start moving it in the opposite direction of the inner ring part B 5 to the extreme position where it fits tightly against the rolling elements 3. The maximum displacement of the inner ring part A 4 is the radial clearance of the bearing.

[0008] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0009] (1) The present invention provides a method for detecting the radial clearance of railway bearings. The method cuts the inner ring of the bearing into two parts, one of which is used to be in close contact with the rolling element, and the other part moves in the opposite direction to an extreme position where it fits tightly with the rolling element. The maximum displacement value of the inner ring of the bearing is the radial clearance of the bearing. The present invention effectively solves the problem that in the traditional bearing radial clearance measurement process, the outer ring needs to be repeatedly moved to measure the radial clearance when the inner ring is fixed, and the repeated movement of the outer ring results in large measurement errors. When the outer ring is fixed, it is difficult to achieve effective and tight fit between the moving inner ring and the rolling element, and moving the inner ring is not as convenient as moving the outer ring.

[0010] (2) In order to ensure the accuracy and convenience of clearance detection data, the present invention improves the method of detecting radial clearance based on the shape and characteristics of railway bearings, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement results and meeting the requirements of batch detection.

[0011] The present invention can obtain a method for detecting the radial clearance of a railway bearing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a schematic top view of the structure for measuring radial clearance after the inner ring is cut radially in the present invention. 1 is the outer ring, 3 is the rolling element, 4 is part A of the inner ring, 5 is part B of the inner ring, 6 is a measuring ruler, and 7 is measuring point A.

[0013] Figure 2 Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the radial clearance measurement after the inner ring is cut radially in the present invention. 1 is the outer ring, 3 is the rolling element, 4 is part A of the inner ring, 5 is part B of the inner ring, 6 is a measuring ruler, and 7 is measuring point A.

[0014] Figure 3 Schematic cross-section of the radial clearance measurement using the fixed inner ring in Comparative Example 1, 1 is the outer ring, 2 is the inner ring, 3 is the rolling element, 6 is the measuring ruler, and 8 is the measuring point B;

[0015] Figure 4This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of measuring radial clearance by fixing the outer ring in Comparative Example 2, where 1 is the outer ring, 2 is the inner ring, 3 is the rolling element, 6 is the measuring ruler, and 9 is the measuring point C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Specific implementation method 1: The detection method of the radial clearance of railway bearings in this implementation method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0017] Place the bearing on the surface of the measuring table and cut the inner ring 2 radially into inner ring part A 4 and inner ring part B 5. Fix the outer ring 1 and all rolling elements 3 tightly against the raceway on the outer ring 1. Then, press the outer wall of the inner ring part B 5 tightly against the rolling elements 3. Move the inner ring part A 4 from the state of being combined with the inner ring part B 5 to form a complete inner ring 2. Start moving it in the opposite direction of the inner ring part B 5 to the extreme position where it fits tightly against the rolling elements 3. The maximum displacement of the inner ring part A 4 is the radial clearance of the bearing.

[0018] Specific embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment 1 is that the bearing is a railway bearing.

[0019] The other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0020] Specific embodiment three: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment one or two in that: the inner ring A portion 4 is 1 / 3 of the inner ring 2.

[0021] The other steps are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.

[0022] Specific embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 3 is that the maximum displacement value of the inner ring A part 4 is measured by a measuring ruler.

[0023] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 1 to 3.

[0024] Specific embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments 1 to 4 in that the measuring position of the measuring ruler is the measuring point A7.

[0025] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 1 to 4.

[0026] Specific embodiment 6: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiments 1 to 5 is that a measuring ruler instrument 6 is provided on the measuring ruler.

[0027] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 1 to 5.

[0028] Specific embodiment seven: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments one to six in that: the rolling elements 3 are evenly arranged on the cage, and the cage is arranged between the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2 .

[0029] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 1 to 6.

[0030] The following examples are used to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] Example 1: Figure 1-2 As shown in the figure, the detection method of the radial clearance of railway bearings is carried out in the following steps:

[0032] Place the bearing on the surface of the measuring table and cut the inner ring 2 radially into inner ring part A 4 and inner ring part B 5. Fix the outer ring 1 and all rolling elements 3 tightly against the raceway on the outer ring 1. Then, press the outer wall of the inner ring part B 5 tightly against the rolling elements 3. Move the inner ring part A 4 from the state of being combined with the inner ring part B 5 to form a complete inner ring 2. Start moving it in the opposite direction of the inner ring part B 5 to the extreme position where it fits tightly against the rolling elements 3. The maximum displacement of the inner ring part A 4 is the radial clearance of the bearing.

[0033] The bearing is a railway bearing.

[0034] The inner ring A portion 4 is 1 / 3 of the inner ring 2.

[0035] The maximum displacement value of the inner ring A portion 4 is measured by a measuring ruler.

[0036] The measuring position of the measuring ruler is measuring point A7.

[0037] The measuring ruler is provided with a measuring ruler instrument 6.

[0038] The rolling elements 3 are evenly arranged on the retaining frame, and the retaining frame is arranged between the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2.

[0039] Comparative Example 1:

[0040] The radial clearance is measured for bearings in a non-preloaded state and subjected to radial load. The radial clearance G is the radial distance that the outer ring 1 moves from one radial eccentric limit position to the opposite limit position relative to the inner ring 2 at any radial angle when no external load is applied. The specific steps for measuring the radial clearance are as follows:

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, place the bearing on the surface of the measuring table, fix the inner ring 2, push the outer ring 1 in the radial direction by hand until it stops, and measure the maximum displacement value a; then push the outer ring 1 in the opposite direction by hand until it stops, and measure the minimum displacement value b. At this time, the radial clearance G = ab.

[0042] From this, we can know that when measuring the radial clearance, it is necessary to push the rolling element 3 to the extreme position of the bearing and measure the extreme positions of the rolling elements 3 on both sides. The above method can also fix the outer ring 1 and push the inner ring 2 to measure the position of the inner ring 2. However, the inner ring 2 is not as convenient as the outer ring 1 in the pushing process and measurement. Therefore, the traditional measurement method is to push the outer ring 1 to measure the radial clearance of the bearing.

[0043] Comparative Example 2:

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, pushing the inner ring 2 forces all rolling elements 3 to rest against the outer raceway. The diameter of the inscribed circle of the rolling elements 3 is the bearing's inner circle dimension. Pushing the outer ring 1 forces all rolling elements 3 to rest against the inner raceway. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the rolling elements 3 is the bearing's outer circle dimension. When pushing the inner ring 2, the rolling elements 3 press against the outer raceway. The radial movement of the inner ring 2 is the inner circle dimension. Subtracting the inner raceway dimension from the inner circle dimension gives the maximum radial movement of the inner ring 2, which is the bearing's radial clearance. Similarly, subtracting the outer raceway dimension from the outer circle dimension gives the bearing's radial clearance.

Claims

1. The detection method of radial clearance of railway bearings is characterized by The detection method is carried out in the following steps: Place the bearing on the surface of the measuring table, and cut the inner ring (2) radially into two parts: inner ring part A (4) and inner ring part B (5); fix the outer ring (1), and at the same time, make all the rolling elements (3) close to the raceway on the outer ring (1); then make the outer wall of the inner ring part B (5) close to the rolling element (3); and move the inner ring part A (4) from the state of being combined with the inner ring part B (5) to form a complete inner ring (2) in the opposite direction to the inner ring part B (5) to the extreme position where it is closely fitted with the rolling element (3). The maximum displacement value of the inner ring part A (4) is the radial clearance of the bearing.

2. The method for detecting radial clearance of railway bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that The bearing is a railway bearing.

3. The method for detecting radial clearance of railway bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that The inner ring A portion (4) is 1 / 3 of the inner ring (2).

4. The method for detecting radial clearance of railway bearings according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that The maximum displacement of the inner ring A part (4) is measured by a measuring ruler.

5. The method for detecting radial clearance of railway bearings according to claim 4, characterized in that The measuring position of the measuring ruler is measuring point A (7).

6. The method for detecting radial clearance of railway bearings according to claim 5, characterized in that The measuring ruler is provided with a measuring ruler instrument (6).

7. The method for detecting radial clearance of railway bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that The rolling bodies (3) are evenly arranged on the retaining frame, and the retaining frame is arranged between the outer ring (1) and the inner ring (2).

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