Method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermenting mushroom residue, straw and earthworm manure

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer and discloses a method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermenting mushroom residue, straw and earthworm manure, wherein corn straw and mushroom residue are crushed and mixed, clay is added, and the auxiliary material is obtained by mixing the mixture of the crushed mushroom residue and straw with the mixed water of the color velvet leather fungus agent; the main material is obtained by uniformly mixing the earthworm manure with the enzyme bacteria preparation and carbon monoxide streptomycin; the total amount and humidity of the material are controlled, the main material and the auxiliary material are uniformly mixed, and then the mixture is placed in a fermentation tank for strip-pile fermentation; during the fermentation process, the height and width of the fermentation pile are controlled, the water content is adjusted, and the fermentation temperature and total fermentation time are controlled; and the high-quality organic fertilizer is obtained after stacking. The high-quality organic fertilizer is obtained by mixing and fermenting the appropriate amount of earthworm manure with the appropriate amount of crushed mushroom residue and straw, so that the toxic substances are decomposed and reduced, the harmful pests and diseases and grass species are inactivated at high temperature, the maximum amount of lignocellulose is decomposed, and the organic fertilizer with high nutrition, high aggregate and high active substances is formed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer, and particularly relates to a method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residue, straw and earthworm manure. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the research on the production of organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residue, straw and earthworm manure is relatively common, but most of the research and development are carried out from the perspective of plant nutrients, and many high-quality organic fertilizer products are invented, which is a very common technical means, but the development in the aspect of soil physical properties is not deep enough. The earthworm manure has a good soil aggregation effect, and contains a large amount of mucopolysaccharide, collagen, humic acid and the like, so that the soil aggregation effect is very obvious, and a large amount of beneficial bacteria, enzymes and other active substances are contained, so that the growth of crops can be stimulated and promoted. The aggregation effect and active substance utilization of the earthworm manure need to be further developed and standardized. Controllable materials, suitable fermentation inoculums and suitable material proportion can form as many aggregation substrates as possible, so that ideal aggregation materials and active substances are obtained, and high-quality modern organic fertilizer products are produced. At present, although the organic fertilizer produced by using earthworm manure has good effects, many users reflect that the nutrient content is low and the aftereffect is insufficient, especially the cow manure-earthworm manure organic fertilizer, which is at least 1% lower than the organic fertilizer directly produced from cow manure, the aggregation effect is not obvious, and the effect of active substances is not good. Therefore, it is urgent to design a new production method of high-quality organic fertilizer capable of reflecting the characteristics of earthworm manure.

[0003] The application is based on the original production of organic fertilizer by using earthworm manure, and the advantages of crude fiber and lignin are strengthened. Fresh earthworm manure is selected, the remaining crude fiber is fermented, suitable proportions of mushroom residue and straw, suitable and appropriate amount of inoculums are added, and suitable clay materials are added to increase the holding of nutrients, active substances and bacteria, and the utilization of inorganic colloid performance is also strengthened, so that the aggregation effect and active substance stimulation effect of earthworm manure are exerted, and multiple comprehensive nutrition effects are achieved.

[0004] Such organic fertilizer production can also produce substrate, which is essential for improving the level of facility agriculture production. Earthworm manure has the characteristics of large specific surface area and high porosity, rich in organic matter and various mineral elements, which can effectively improve soil fertility, increase crop yield and quality, and is very suitable for use as horticultural substrate. However, the earthworm manure sold on the market is basically only treated by simple air drying and sieving before being sold in bags, and there are many problems such as large difference in product moisture content, adulteration of insect eggs, weed seeds and live earthworm eggs. In addition, the key technologies such as the physical and chemical properties of the horticultural substrate produced by the combination of earthworm manure and other organic materials such as straw and fungus residue and the optimal formula are lacking, which affects the large-scale application of earthworm manure. Domestic deep processing enterprises urgently need fine processing formula technology of earthworm manure to improve product quality, form a fermentation process based on the combination of earthworm manure and other organic materials, and produce organic fertilizer by fine processing. The coarse part can be directly used to produce horticultural substrate, and the fine material can be used to produce organic fertilizer, thereby improving the economic benefit of enterprises. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residue, straw and earthworm manure.

[0006] The present application is implemented as follows: a method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residue, straw and earthworm manure, which comprises the following steps: crushing and mixing corn straw and mushroom residue, then adding 5-10% volume ratio of clay (<0.001 mm particles account for more than 50%), which needs to be sieved to 60 mesh or more, adding Cortinarius cinnamomeus agent, and mixing uniformly to obtain auxiliary materials; adding fermenting bacteria and Streptomyces thermocarbonophilus agent to earthworm manure, mixing uniformly to obtain main materials; mixing the main materials and the auxiliary materials uniformly, and then placing them in a fermentation tank for tank fermentation or strip pile fermentation; during the fermentation process, the height and width of the fermentation pile are controlled. The moisture content is adjusted, and the fermentation temperature and total fermentation time are controlled. The pile is placed and aged for at least 20 days to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0007] Further, the method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residue, straw and earthworm manure comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: material pretreatment: crushing corn straw and mushroom residue, mixing with 60 mesh clay, mixing Cortinarius cinnamomeus agent with water and adding to the mushroom residue and straw auxiliary materials, and preparing fermenting bacteria and Streptomyces thermocarbonophilus agent and adding fresh earthworm manure main materials;

[0009] Step 2: mixed fermentation: mixing the main materials and the auxiliary materials uniformly, and then placing them in a fermentation tank for tank fermentation or strip pile fermentation. The height and width of the fermentation pile are controlled, and the fermentation humidity, temperature and fermentation time are controlled.

[0010] Further, in step one, the corn stalks and mushroom residue are crushed into pieces less than 2-3 cm. The clay is crushed to less than 60 mesh, and the clay needs to have more than 50% of clay particles less than 0.001 mm.

[0011] Further, in step one, the color velvet corticiaceae agent is mixed with 0.3-0.4 kg of water 40-50 kg; the enzyme bacteria preparation is <0.5 mm wheat bran or agricultural fiber powder, and the enzyme bacteria are mixed uniformly at a ratio of 5:1.

[0012] Further, in step one, the total amount of the material is controlled at 100%, and the humidity is controlled at 65-70%.

[0013] Further, in step one, the mushroom residue and the straw are mixed at a ratio of 1:1, and the color velvet corticiaceae is added at a volume ratio of 1 ‰ of the total volume; the enzyme bacteria preparation is added to the fresh earthworm manure at a volume ratio of 5 ‰ of the total volume. The fresh earthworm manure also needs to add 1 ‰ of the thermophilic carbon monoxide streptomyces agent.

[0014] Further, in step two, the strip pile type fermentation is not higher than 2 m in height and more than 3 m in width; the humidity is adjusted at 65% in winter and 70% in summer.

[0015] Further, the temperature control in step two includes:

[0016] In summer: the temperature is raised to above 65℃ for 48 h for the first two times, and the pile is turned over once for 24 h after the temperature is raised to above 65℃ for the second time, and the total fermentation time is not less than 360 h until the temperature drops to below 40℃, and the post-ripening fermentation stage is entered.

[0017] In autumn: the pile is turned over once every 72 h when the temperature is above 65℃, and the total fermentation time is not less than 480 h until the fermentation pile temperature drops to 40℃, and the post-ripening fermentation stage is entered.

[0018] In which, in summer, when the humidity is less than 65%, water is added in time; in winter, when the room temperature is less than 15℃, 0.5-1 ‰ of the thermophilic carbon monoxide streptomyces agent is added again at the second time of turning over, and the post-ripening is placed for at least 20 days.

[0019] Another object of the present application is to provide a high-quality organic fertilizer prepared by the method of using mushroom residue, straw and earthworm manure to produce high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation, wherein the high-quality organic fertilizer is composed of 60-70% of earthworm manure, 10-20% of mushroom residue, 10-20% of corn straw and 5-10% of humic acid.

[0020] Further, the earthworm manure is directly used as raw earthworm manure.

[0021] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the technical solution to be protected by the present application has the advantages and positive effects of:

[0022] First, in view of the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems solved by the technical solution of the present application and the results and data obtained during the research and development are analyzed in detail and profoundly, and some creative technical effects brought about after solving the problems are described as follows:

[0023] The main purpose of adding the appropriate amount of enzyme to the fresh earthworm manure is to further decompose the residual large amount of crude protein, fat and cellulose by the yeast of the enzyme to form more agglomerated substances.

[0024] The addition of the colorful leather fungus agent (wood-rotting fungus agent) to the mushroom residue and straw is mainly to decompose the lignin and cellulose under the action of oxidase, lignin-degrading enzyme and especially laccase, so as to complete the overall fermentation process.

[0025] The addition of 5-10% clay can increase the holding capacity of nutrient substances and active substances, increase the inorganic colloid content and improve the agglomeration capacity of the organic fertilizer.

[0026] The high-quality organic fertilizer production method of the present application can decompose and reduce the toxic substances, inactivate the harmful pests and diseases and grass seeds by high temperature, and decompose the maximum amount of lignocellulose by mixing and fermenting the appropriate amount of earthworm manure and the appropriate amount of crushed mushroom residue and straw, so as to form the organic fertilizer with high nutrition, high agglomerate and high active substances.

[0027] Secondly, the technical solution is regarded as a whole or from the perspective of the product, the technical effects and advantages of the technical solution to be protected by the present application are described as follows:

[0028] Although the general fresh earthworm manure contains a large amount of aggregate material, active material, 18 kinds of amino acids and a high proportion of effective and available nutrients, it is a very good natural substrate or organic fertilizer. However, fermentation is necessary because it contains a large amount of grass seeds and a large number of harmful pathogens and pests. Through years of fermentation experience, a method for improving the total nutrient content of organic fertilizer by technical means and more fully utilizing the aggregate material and active material is summarized. Appropriate material adjustment and appropriate fermentation of bacterial agents can more fully utilize the characteristics of earthworm manure, fertilize the soil, improve the soil, and enhance the natural value of the soil, so that the product is unique in the organic fertilizer series with the characteristics of earthworm manure. The present application mainly solves the further fermentation and decomposition of crude fiber, lignin and crude protein by adding appropriate amount of wood-decomposing fungi, high-efficiency streptomycin and enzyme to obtain more nutrients, organic colloid and active material; appropriate amount of clay is used to hold nutrients and active material to increase inorganic colloid to obtain more aggregates. A large number of multi-stage aggregates are the highest indicators of soil fertility, and a large number of active substances make the soil full of vitality and activity, which is incomparable to ordinary organic fertilizer.

[0029] The present application forms as many aggregate substrates as possible by controllable material ratio to achieve ideal aggregate material and active material and then produce high-quality modern organic fertilizer products.

[0030] Thirdly, the creativity of the claims of the present application is also reflected in the following important aspects:

[0031] (1) The expected income and commercial value of the technical scheme of the present application after transformation are:

[0032] The organic fertilizer product produced by the technical scheme of the present application can reach the standard of NY / T "Organic Fertilizer", and the application effect of the finished product is very good due to the presence of natural beneficial microorganisms and active substances, which cannot be achieved by adding microorganisms, and the relative cost is also relatively low, more suitable for application in protected horticultural crops, and the profit space is huge.

[0033] (2) The technical scheme of the present application fills the technical gap in the industry at home and abroad: the present application focuses on the full utilization of the aggregate material and active material in earthworm manure, and plays a special role in increasing soil aggregates and organic fertilizer active material, which has special significance for improving soil, improving soil activity and overall fertility. Although there are many fermentation technologies for producing organic fertilizer from earthworm manure in China, there are few production technologies for obtaining optimal aggregate and active stimulation.

[0034] (3) The technical scheme of the present application solves the technical problems that people have been eager to solve but have failed to achieve success:

[0035] Earthworm manure has a large number of beneficial microorganisms and a large number of active substances because it has passed through the abdomen of animals twice, and has unique advantages for improving soil and stimulating plant growth which other livestock and poultry manure does not have, but there are two problems in the use of earthworm manure at present: first, because the earthworm manure has passed through the abdomen of animals twice, there are a large number of beneficial microorganisms, but also some pests and diseases, and direct application can cause plant diseases during growth; second, because the earthworm manure has passed through the abdomen twice, many easily decomposed nutrients have been digested and decomposed, and the organic matter content is relatively low, which cannot meet the standard specified in NY / T 525 Organic Fertilizer. The present application mainly solves the two problems. Therefore, mushroom residues with a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and some straws are added, which can achieve the purpose of killing pests and diseases and increasing the overall organic matter content and nutrient content of the earthworm manure product.

[0036] (4) The technical scheme of the present application overcomes the technical bias: many people believe that the organic matter and overall nutrients of earthworm manure are reduced through earthworm digestion. In fact, through suitable adjustment of material ratio and selection of suitable microbial agents, the organic matter and effective nutrients are not affected, and the active substances are increased, which improves the nutrient utilization rate; the increase of agglomerated substances improves the soil and improves the soil conservation effect, which is a very high-quality organic fertilizer that cannot be replaced by other organic fertilizers and is a natural soil fertilization material. Some people believe that the active substances are reduced or disappear after fermentation of earthworm manure, and have no effect on stimulating crop growth, which is not the case. Suitable material ratio and suitable microbial agents can play a greater role in agglomeration and stimulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0038] Figure 1 is a process flow chart of the method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residues, straws and earthworm manure provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram before treating cow dung with earthworm manure provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram after treating cow dung with earthworm manure provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 is a compost temperature curve provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0042] Figure 5is a seed germination index diagram of fermentation provided by the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.

[0044] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residues, straw and earthworm manure, which is described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0045] As shown in Figure 1 The method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residues, straw and earthworm manure provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0046] S101, corn straw and mushroom residues are crushed and mixed, the Phlebia fastuosum agent is mixed with water and then added to the mushroom residues and straw, 5-10% of clay (<0.001mm particles account for more than 50%) by volume is additionally added, which needs to be sieved to more than 60 meshes, and then uniformly mixed to obtain auxiliary materials;

[0047] S102, the enzyme bacteria are added to the earthworm manure, and 1‰ of the Streptomyces carbonophilus bacteria agent is additionally added to the fresh earthworm manure; the materials are prepared and uniformly mixed to obtain main materials, and then the main materials and the auxiliary materials are uniformly mixed and placed in a fermentation tank for strip-pile fermentation;

[0048] S103, during the fermentation process, the height and width of the fermentation pile are controlled, the water content is adjusted, and the fermentation temperature and total fermentation time are controlled, and after the maturation of the pile for at least 20 days, the high-quality organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, the fermentation process in the method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermentation of mushroom residues, straw and earthworm manure provided by the embodiment of the present application is realized by using a strip-pile type turning machine.

[0050] The high-quality organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises 60-70% of earthworm manure + 10-20% of mushroom residues, 10-20% of corn straw + 5-10% of humic acid, and the above materials are uniformly calculated by volume ratio.

[0051] Among them, the earthworm manure is directly used as raw earthworm manure; the corn straw is crushed to less than 2-3cm of crushed material; the mushroom residues are crushed to less than 2-3cm of crushed material;

[0052] The Phlebia fastuosum agent: 0.3-0.4kg is mixed with 40-50kg of water, and then the mushroom residues and straw auxiliary materials are added.

[0053] Enzyme bacteria preparation material: <0.5mm wheat bran or agricultural fiber powder: enzyme bacteria = 5:1, to be added to the main material of earthworm manure.

[0054] 1. The total amount of material is controlled at 100%, the humidity is controlled at 65-70%, and the total fermentation time is 360 (summer) -480 (autumn) hours.

[0055] 2. The auxiliary material mushroom residue and straw are mixed at a ratio of 1:1, and the enzyme bacteria preparation is added at a ratio of 1‰ of the total volume; the enzyme bacteria preparation is added to the main material earthworm manure at a ratio of 5‰ of the total volume, and then the main material and the auxiliary material are mixed uniformly into the fermentation tank. The strip pile type fermentation pile height is not <2m, and the width is >3m. The moisture content is adjusted to 65% (winter) or 70% (summer).

[0056] 3. Temperature control:

[0057] Summer: the first two times, the temperature is raised to above 65℃ for 48h, and the pile is turned over once, and then the temperature is raised to above 65℃ for 24h once, and the total fermentation time is not less than 360h until the temperature drops to below 40℃, and enters the post-fermentation stage.

[0058] Autumn: turn over the pile every 72h at above 65℃, and the total fermentation time is not less than 480h, until the fermentation pile temperature drops to 40℃, stop turning over the pile, and enter the post-fermentation stage.

[0059] When the humidity is lower than 65% in summer, water is added in time. When the room temperature is lower than 15℃ in winter, 5‰ of the enzyme bacteria preparation is added again at the second time of turning over the pile, and the post-fermentation is at least 20 days.

[0060] The embodiment of the present application has achieved some positive effects in the process of research and development or use, and indeed has great advantages compared with the prior art, which will be described below in combination with the data, graphs and the like of the test process.

[0061] 1. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the contrast chart before and after treating cow dung with earthworm manure.

[0062] 2. The composting test is carried out by using earthworm manure, straw and mushroom residue, 3 parallel groups of composting are made, 5-10% of humic acid is added to each group, and the group ratio is shown in Table 1:

[0063] Table 1

[0064]

[0065] 3. Test results:

[0066] (1) Composting temperature

[0067] The fermentation temperature is an important reference index for aerobic fermentation. According to the harmless treatment standard, when the temperature reaches 65℃ and maintains for 360 hours, the fermentation product can meet the needs of the present application. The T1, T2 and T3 temperatures reach the harmless standard (≧55℃). Since the T1 temperature exceeds 70℃, the fermentation product quality will be affected. The T3 time in the high temperature zone does not meet the requirements of the present application. Therefore, only the T2 treatment meets the test requirements, as shown in Table 1. Figure 4

[0068] (2) Seed germination index of fermentation

[0069] The seed germination index can test whether the fermentation product is toxic to plants. When the value is greater than 50%, it is considered to be basically rotten. When the value is 80-85%, it has no toxic effect on plants. Only T1 does not meet the rotten standard, as shown in Table 2. Figure 5

[0070] (3) Fertilizer efficiency test

[0071] In summary, the fermentation product of T2 treatment has the best fertilizer efficiency. Table 2 shows the seedling index of the fermentation product of each treatment and other horticultural substrate components.

[0072] Table 2

[0073]

[0074] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which is within the spirit and principles of the present application, should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.​​

Claims

1. A method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermenting mushroom residue, straw, and earthworm castings, characterized in that, The method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermenting mushroom residue, straw, and earthworm castings includes: crushing and mixing corn straw and mushroom residue, adding colored velvet cover agent and 5%~10% clay (by volume) passing through 60 mesh, mixing evenly to obtain auxiliary material; adding enzyme bacteria to earthworm castings and adding 1‰ thermophilic carbon monoxide streptomyces, mixing evenly to obtain main material; after evenly mixing the main material and auxiliary material, placing them in a fermentation tank for windrow fermentation; during the fermentation process, controlling the height and width of the fermentation pile, adjusting the moisture content, and controlling the fermentation temperature and total fermentation time, and allowing it to mature for at least 20 days to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer; The method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermenting mushroom residue, straw, and earthworm castings includes the following steps: Step 1, material pretreatment: After crushing and mixing corn stalks and mushroom residue, mix colored velvet leather cover fungicide with water and add mushroom residue and straw-clay auxiliary material, then prepare enzyme bacteria-thermophilic carbon monoxide streptomyces preparation material and add earthworm castings as main material; Step 2, mixed fermentation: After the main ingredients and auxiliary ingredients are mixed evenly, they are placed in a fermentation tank for windrow fermentation. The height and width of the fermentation pile are controlled, as well as the fermentation humidity, temperature and fermentation time. In step one, the corn stalks and mushroom residue are crushed into pieces smaller than 2-3 cm. In step one, mushroom residue and straw are mixed in a 1:1 ratio, and the amount of *Variegata rubescens* added is calculated at a volume ratio of 1‰ of the total volume; enzyme bacteria are added to the main material earthworm castings at a volume ratio of 5‰ of the total volume. In step two, the height of the windrow fermentation pile should not be less than 2m and the width should be greater than 3m; the moisture content should be adjusted to 65% in winter and 70% in summer. In step one, 0.3-0.4 kg of colored velvet leather cover microbial agent is diluted with 40-50 kg of water; the enzyme bacteria are prepared by mixing wheat bran or agricultural fiber powder (<0.5 mm) and enzyme bacteria in a 5:1 ratio. High-quality organic fertilizer, by volume ratio, includes 60-70% earthworm castings, 10-20% mushroom residue, 10-20% corn stalks, and 5-10% humic acid, with the ratio of earthworm castings: mushroom residue: corn stalks being 4:1:1, and the total amount of high-quality organic fertilizer materials being 100%.

2. The method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermenting mushroom residue, straw, and earthworm castings as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the total amount of material is controlled at 100%, and the humidity is controlled at 65-70%.

3. The method for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by fermenting mushroom residue, straw, and earthworm castings as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control in step two includes: Summer: Turn the pile once every 48 hours after the first two temperature increases to above 65℃. After that, turn the pile once every 24 hours when the temperature is above 65℃. The total fermentation time should not be less than 360 hours until the temperature drops below 40℃, and then enter the post-ripening fermentation stage. In autumn: When the temperature is above 65℃, turn the pile every 72 hours. The total fermentation time should not be less than 480 hours until the temperature of the fermentation pile drops to 40℃. Stop turning the pile and enter the post-ripening fermentation stage. In summer, when the humidity is below 65%, water should be added promptly; in winter, when the room temperature is below 15℃, 5‰ of enzyme agent should be added again during the second turning of the pile, and the pile should be left to mature for at least 20 days.

4. A high-quality organic fertilizer prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which utilizes mushroom residue, straw, and earthworm castings for fermentation to produce high-quality organic fertilizer, characterized in that... High-quality organic fertilizer, by volume ratio, includes 60-70% earthworm castings, 10-20% mushroom residue, 10-20% corn stalks, and 5-10% humic acid.

5. The high-quality organic fertilizer as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Earthworm castings are raw earthworm castings that can be used directly.

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