An upward horizontal filling mining method based on double transport lane joint mining

Abstract

The present invention provides an upward horizontal filling mining method based on the joint mining of dual transport tunnels, which belongs to the technical field of underground mining methods for metal deposits. The mining method divides the mining unit into three steps for mining. The first and second steps adopt the upward horizontal layered filling mining method, and the third step adopts the upward horizontal approach filling mining method. The mining project of this mining method is divided into an outer segmented transport tunnel and an inner segmented transport tunnel. The outer segmented transport tunnel is first constructed as a passage connecting each plate area, and then the inner segmented transport tunnel is constructed to construct a mining field connecting road to mine each mining field, thereby reducing the number of forks in the outer segmented transport tunnel and ensuring the stability of the outer segmented transport tunnel in long-term service. A pedestrian ventilation shaft is set up between the outer segmented transport tunnel and the inner segmented transport tunnel. The polluted air is collected into the return air tunnel through the pedestrian ventilation shaft and does not flow through the outer segmented transport tunnel, which can greatly improve the ventilation status of the approach. This method has the advantages of fewer openings in the outer segmented tunnel, high safety and good ventilation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground mining methods for metal ore deposits, and in particular to an upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual-transport tunnel joint mining. Background Art

[0002] Metal deposits are deposits that can be used for industrial extraction of metal ores. However, with the continuous development of mining, shallow resources have been depleted, leading to a shift in mining towards deeper deposits. The rock at depth is subject to a more complex mechanical environment, making tunnels more susceptible to damage under long-term stress conditions. For ore bodies with long strike lengths, staged haulage tunnels require a longer service life, making them more susceptible to damage.

[0003] To improve the stability of the sectional haulage tunnel, it is necessary to reduce damage to it and avoid excavating too many crossroads. By arranging internal sectional haulage tunnels and constructing stope connecting roads to connect the various stopes, they can be used to transport ore from each stope, shifting the risk of multiple crossroads to the internal sectional haulage tunnels. Since the internal sectional haulage tunnels are only responsible for transporting ore from the stope, they have a shorter service life and higher safety.

[0004] Ventilation in the layered-and-fill mining method requires localized ventilation. Fans force fresh air through ducts and deliver it to the working face, while contaminated air is exhausted along the roadway. Current mining methods, however, hinder the effective exhaust of contaminated air due to poor or inappropriate placement of ventilation shafts within the haulage lanes, compromising the safety of miners. Some ventilation methods also route air through external haulage lanes, disrupting ventilation routes and posing safety risks to the working face. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The upward horizontal filling mining method based on the combined mining of double transport lanes provided by the present invention is intended to solve the problems of poor stability of the service lanes and difficulty in ventilation in layered mining.

[0006] The method comprises the following steps:

[0007] Construct the outer and inner stage transport tunnels, and construct a pedestrian ventilation shaft between them;

[0008] Construct a chute at a preset location and connect the chute with the external stage transport tunnel through a chute connecting road;

[0009] Excavate the stope connection road from the internal stage transport level;

[0010] Personnel and equipment enter the ore body through the segmented tunnels and the stope connecting roads to carry out mining operations.

[0011] It should be further explained that the method further includes:

[0012] After mining to the fifth layer in one step, long anchor cables are used to maintain the roof and then the roof is filled and connected. Then, one layer is mined in three steps and long anchor cables are used to maintain the roof and then the roof is filled and connected.

[0013] The second step of construction is to mine up to five layers and then fill the top. The third step of construction is to mine up to five layers and then fill the top of each layer.

[0014] When all the mining is transferred to the second lane, the three-step mining is converted to one-step mining.

[0015] It should be further explained that the method also includes: configuring stope structural parameters; adopting a pan-area multi-step upward horizontal layered combined with wide-entry filling mining method, and arranging the stope perpendicular to the ore body strike.

[0016] It should be further explained that the mining width of the first, second and third steps is 5m, the empty top height is 3.5~4.0m, the filling height of the first and second steps is 3.0~3.5m, the empty top is 0.5~1.0m, and the third step is top filling; after filling, the layer is changed, and the mining site is entered through the mining site connecting tunnel, and pressure mining is carried out from the lower plate to the upper plate. After pressure mining is completed, filling is carried out, leaving 0.5~1.0m to control the top, and repeating the steps of the previous layer for the next layer.

[0017] The top ore height is 3.0-3.5m. The filling height is 3.0-3.5m.

[0018] It should be further explained that the one-step mining method includes: after the fifth layer of the first lane is mined, a long anchor cable is constructed to connect the top and fill the gap, which is then used as the third part of the second lane. The long anchor cable is 15m long.

[0019] The first to fourth layers are filled with 0.5 to 1.0 m of empty top, and the fifth layer is filled from the top to the top;

[0020] The first to fourth layers are first filled with 2.5m of 1:20 filling body, and then filled with 0.5m of 1:10 filling body, with the top empty for 0.5~1.0m; the fifth layer is first filled with 3.0~3.5m of 1:20 filling body, and then filled with 0.5m of 1:10 filling body.

[0021] The two-step mining method includes: after the fifth layer is mined in the branch lane, the top is connected and filled, which serves as the second-step mining of the second branch lane; the first to fourth layers are filled with 0.5-1.0m of empty top, and the fifth layer is connected with the top filling; the first to fourth layers are first filled with 1:20 filling body for 2.5m, and then filled with 1:10 filling body for 0.5m, with an empty top of 0.5-1.0m; the fifth layer is first filled with 1:20 filling body for 3.0-3.5m, and then filled with 1:10 filling body for 0.5m of cementation.

[0022] The three-step mining method includes: after the fifth layer is mined in the first lane, the mining is switched to the second lane, and the second lane is changed to one-step mining;

[0023] The first layer is first constructed to the upper wall with a specification of 3.0~4.0m*3.5~4.0m, that is, a temporary pillar with a thickness of 1.0~2.0m is left on the side close to the adjacent first-step mining, and then a long anchor cable is constructed. Finally, the wall is expanded to the design specification and the top is filled.

[0024] It should be further explained that 3.0 to 3.5 m of filling material was first used with the 1:20 filling material, and then 0.5 m of filling material was cemented and filled with the 1:10 filling material.

[0025] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] The upward horizontal filling mining method based on the joint mining of dual transport tunnels provided by the present invention is divided into an outer segmented transport tunnel and an inner segmented transport tunnel. The outer segmented transport tunnel is constructed first as a channel connecting various disk areas, and then the inner segmented transport tunnel is constructed to construct a mining field connecting road to mine each mining field, thereby reducing the number of forks in the outer segmented transport tunnel and ensuring the stability of the outer segmented transport tunnel in long-term service.

[0027] A pedestrian ventilation shaft is set up between the outer segmented transport lane and the inner segmented transport lane. The polluted air flows into the return air lane through the pedestrian ventilation shaft and does not flow through the outer segmented transport lane, which can greatly improve the ventilation status of the approach.

[0028] The present invention also serves as a second emergency exit to cope with unexpected safety accidents. This method has the advantages of fewer openings in the external segmented lane, high safety and good ventilation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the description. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 This is the front view of the upward horizontal filling mining method based on the joint mining of double transport lanes;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a side view of the upward horizontal filling mining method based on the joint mining of double transport lanes;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a top view of the upward horizontal filling mining method based on the joint mining of double transport tunnels.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1-External segmented transport tunnel, 2-Mine chute, 3-Internal segmented transport tunnel, 4-Chute connecting road, 5-Segment connecting road, 6-Long anchor cable, 7-1:20 filling body, 8-1:10 filling body, 9-Anchor rod, 10-Top pillar, 11-Stope connecting road, 12-Pedestrian ventilation shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] See also Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual-transport lane joint mining provided by the present invention includes the following methods:

[0037] Configure the stope structure parameters; adopt a multi-step upward horizontal layered mining method with wide access and backfilling in a panel-type, multi-step method, with the stope arranged perpendicular to the orebody strike. The first, second, and third steps each have a 5m mining width, with a 3.5-4.0m open roof height. The first and second steps are backfilled at a 3.0-3.5m height, with a 0.5-1.0m open roof. The third step is backfilled with top filling. Steps one and two are layered, while step three is backfilled, with backfilling carried out in a two-step, one-step sequence. After backfilling, the next layer is moved to the stope via a stope connecting tunnel. Pressure mining is carried out from the lower wall to the upper wall, with the top ore height at 3.0-3.5m. After pressure mining, backfill is applied to a 3.0-3.5m height, leaving 0.5-1.0m for top control. Repeat the previous steps for the next layer.

[0038] The present invention also relates to mining and cutting operations. Specifically, using an external-vein mining alignment system, an external and internal staging tunnel are first constructed, with a pedestrian ventilation shaft constructed between them. A chute is then constructed at an appropriate location and connected to the external staging tunnel via a chute connecting road. A stope connecting road is then excavated from the internal staging tunnel, allowing personnel and equipment to enter the ore body via the connecting road between the staging tunnel and the stope to conduct mining operations.

[0039] The present invention also relates to a mining sequence, specifically comprising the following steps: after mining to the fifth layer in one step, long anchor cables are used to maintain the roof, followed by backfilling and top filling; then, mining to the first layer in three steps, maintaining the roof with long anchor cables, followed by backfilling and top filling; then, mining to the fifth layer in two steps, followed by backfilling and top filling; and finally, mining to the fifth layer in three steps, with each layer backfilled and top filling. When all mining is carried out in the second lane, the three-step mining process is converted to the one-step mining process.

[0040] 1) Single-stage mining: 1#, 4#, 7#, 10#, 13#, and 16#. After the fifth layer of the first lane is mined, long anchor cables are installed to connect the top and fill the gap. This serves as the third-stage mining for the second lane. Long anchor cables are 15m long. Layers 1 to 4 are filled with 0.5-1.0m of top fill, and layer 5 is connected and filled with top fill. Layers 1 to 4 are first filled with 1:20 fill material for 2.5m, then cemented with 1:10 fill material for 0.5m, leaving 0.5-1.0m of top fill. Layer 5 is first filled with 1:20 fill material for 3.0-3.5m, then cemented with 1:10 fill material for 0.5m.

[0041] 2) Second-step mining: For 2#, 5#, 8#, 11#, and 14#, after mining the fifth layer in the first lane, the top layer will be filled and backfilled, which will serve as the second-step mining for the second lane. Layers 1 to 4 will be filled with 0.5-1.0m of top fill, and layer 5 will be filled with top fill. Layers 1 to 4 will first be filled with 1:20 fill material for 2.5m, followed by 0.5m of 1:10 fill material with cementation, leaving 0.5-1.0m of top fill. Layer 5 will first be filled with 1:20 fill material for 3.0-3.5m, followed by 0.5m of 1:10 fill material with cementation.

[0042] 3) Three-step mining: 3#, 6#, 9#, 12#, and 15#. After the fifth layer is mined in the first lane, the second lane will be mined, and then the second lane will be mined in one-step mining. The first layer is first mined to the hanging wall with a 3.0-4.0m*3.5-4.0m specification. That is, a 1.0-2.0m thick temporary pillar is left on the side adjacent to the first-step mining. Then long anchor cables are installed. Finally, the wall is expanded to the design specifications and the top is filled. First, 1:20 fill material is used to fill 3.0-3.5m, and then 1:10 fill material is used to cement and fill 0.5m.

[0043] It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Furthermore, as a refinement and expansion of the specific implementation of the above embodiment, in order to fully illustrate the specific implementation process of this embodiment, another upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual haulage lane joint mining is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0045] Using an external-vein mining system, the outer staging tunnel 1 and inner staging tunnel 3 are first constructed, with a pedestrian ventilation shaft 12 built between them. A staging connection road 5 is also located between the outer staging tunnel 1 and the inner staging tunnel 3. A chute 2 is constructed at an appropriate location and connected to the outer staging tunnel 1 via a chute connection road 4. A stope connection road 11 is excavated from the inner staging tunnel 2. Personnel and equipment enter the ore body through the staging tunnel and stope connection road 11 to conduct mining operations.

[0046] After mining reaches the fifth layer in one step, long anchor cables 6 are installed to maintain the roof, followed by backfilling. The long anchor cables 6 are also equipped with anchor rods 9. A top post 10 is located on one side of the long anchor cables 6. Next, mining is performed in three steps to the first layer, with the long anchor cables 6 used to maintain the roof, followed by backfilling. Then, mining is performed in two steps to the fifth layer, followed by backfilling. Finally, mining is performed in three steps to the fifth layer, with backfilling added to each layer. Once all mining has been completed in the second lane, the three-step mining process is converted to one-step mining.

[0047] 1) Single-stage mining: 1#, 4#, 7#, 10#, 13#, and 16#. After the fifth layer of the first lane is mined, long anchor cables are installed to connect the top and fill the gap. This serves as the third mining section of the second lane. The long anchor cables are 15m long. Layers 1 to 4 are filled with 0.5-1.0m of top fill, and layer 5 is connected and filled with top fill. Layers 1 to 4 are first filled with 1:20 fill material for 2.5m, then 1:10 fill material 8 is cemented to fill 0.5m, leaving 0.5-1.0m of top fill. Layer 5 is first filled with 1:20 fill material 7 for 3.0-3.5m, then 1:10 fill material 8 is cemented to fill 0.5m.

[0048] 2) Second-step mining: For 2#, 5#, 8#, 11#, and 14#, after mining the fifth layer in the first lane, the top layer will be filled and backfilled, which will serve as the second-step mining for the second lane. Layers 1 to 4 will be filled with 0.5-1.0m of top fill, and layer 5 will be filled with top fill. Layers 1 to 4 will first be filled with 1:20 fill material for 2.5m, followed by 0.5m of 1:10 fill material with cementation, leaving 0.5-1.0m of top fill. Layer 5 will first be filled with 1:20 fill material for 3.0-3.5m, followed by 0.5m of 1:10 fill material with cementation.

[0049] 3) Three-step mining: 3#, 6#, 9#, 12#, and 15#. After the fifth layer is mined in the first lane, the second lane will be mined, and then the second lane will be mined in one-step mining. The first layer is first mined to the hanging wall with a 3.0-4.0m*3.5-4.0m specification. That is, a 1.0-2.0m thick temporary pillar is left on the side adjacent to the first-step mining. Then long anchor cables are installed. Finally, the wall is expanded to the design specifications and the top is filled. First, 1:20 fill material is used to fill 3.0-3.5m, and then 1:10 fill material is used to cement and fill 0.5m.

[0050] Based on the aforementioned upward horizontal filling mining method based on joint mining with dual haulage lanes, the mining project is divided into an outer haulage lane and an inner haulage lane. The outer haulage lane is constructed first as a channel connecting the various panels, and then the inner haulage lane is constructed to construct a stope connection road to return to the various stopes. This reduces the number of intersections in the outer haulage lane and ensures the long-term stability of the outer haulage lane. A pedestrian ventilation shaft is established between the outer and inner haulage lanes. The polluted air flows through the pedestrian ventilation shaft into the return air lane, bypassing the outer haulage lane, which greatly improves the ventilation status of the approach.

[0051] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual transport lane joint mining, characterized in that the method include: Constructing an outer segmented transport tunnel (1) and an inner segmented transport tunnel (3), and constructing a pedestrian ventilation shaft (12) between the two; Constructing a ore chute (2) at a preset position, and connecting the ore chute (2) with an external stage transport tunnel (1) via a chute connecting road (4); Excavate the stope connection road (11) from the internal segmented transport tunnel (3); Personnel and equipment enter the ore body from the external construction section transport tunnel (1) or the internal construction section transport tunnel (3) and the stope connecting road (11) to carry out mining operations; The method also includes: After mining to the fifth layer in one step, long anchor cables (6) are installed to maintain the roof and then fill and connect the roof. Then, mining to one layer in three steps and long anchor cables (6) are used to maintain the roof and then fill and connect the roof. The second step of construction is to mine up to five layers and then fill the top. The third step of construction is to mine up to five layers and then fill the top of each layer. When all the mining is transferred to the second lane, the three-step mining is converted to one-step mining; The one-step mining method includes: after the fifth layer of the first lane is mined, a long anchor cable is constructed to connect the top and fill the gap, which is then used as the third step mining of the second lane. The long anchor cable is 15m long. The first to fourth layers are filled with 0.5~1.0m of empty top, and the fifth layer is filled from the top to the top; For the first to fourth layers, first fill 2.5m with 1:20 filling material, then fill 0.5m with 1:10 filling material, leaving 0.5~1.0m of empty top. For the fifth layer, first fill 3.0~3.5m with 1:20 filling material, then fill 0.5m with 1:10 filling material. The two-step mining method includes: after the fifth layer is mined in the first lane, the top is filled and the second lane is mined in the second step; the first to fourth layers are filled with 0.5-1.0m of empty top, and the fifth layer is filled with the top; the first to fourth layers are first filled with 1:20 filling material for 2.5m, and then filled with 1:10 filling material for 0.5m, leaving the top 0.5-1.0m; the fifth layer is first filled with 1:20 filling material for 3.0-3.5m, and then filled with 1:10 filling material for 0.5m of empty top; The three-step mining method includes: after the fifth layer is mined in the first lane, the mining is switched to the second lane, and the second lane is changed to one-step mining; The first layer is first constructed to the upper wall with a specification of 3.0~4.0m*3.5~4.0m, that is, a temporary pillar with a thickness of 1.0~2.0m is left on the side close to the adjacent first-step mining, and then a long anchor cable is constructed. Finally, the wall is expanded to the design specification and the top is filled.

2. The upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual transport lane joint mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method also includes: configuring stope structural parameters; adopting a pan-area multi-step upward horizontal layered combined with wide-entry filling mining method, and arranging the stope perpendicular to the ore body trend.

3. The upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual transport lane joint mining according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The mining width of the first, second and third steps is 5m, the empty top height is 3.5~4.0m, the filling height of the first and second steps is 3.0~3.5m, the empty top is 0.5~1.0m, and the third step is top filling; after filling, the layer is changed and the stope is entered through the stope connecting tunnel, and pressure mining is carried out from the lower wall to the upper wall. After pressure mining is completed, filling is carried out, leaving 0.5~1.0m to control the top, and repeating the steps of the previous layer for the next layer.

4. The upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual transport lane joint mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: First fill 3.0~3.5m with 1:20 filling body, and then fill 0.5m with 1:10 filling body.

5. The upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual transport lane joint mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top ore is 3.0~3.5m high.

6. The upward horizontal filling mining method based on dual transport lane joint mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Filling height 3.0~3.5m.

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