A cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) variety selection; (2) potted plant preparation; (3) cassava planting; (4) potted plant management; (5) first fertilization; (6) second fertilization; (7) spraying flower-inducing liquid; (8) flower preservation. The invention uses a matrix mixed with vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand to make the tubers sprout as soon as possible, and the potted plants are placed in an arch shed for cultivation to promote the growth of plants as soon as possible and advance the growth period. The phosphate fertilizer used in the first fertilization can make the stems and branches of the plants tough and promote the formation of flower buds. The potash fertilizer used in the second fertilization can promote the photosynthesis of the plants and promote the fruiting of the plants. After fertilization, sufficient water is poured to make the soil compacted so that the cassava is not easy to expand the tuberous roots. Then, the flower-inducing liquid is sprayed to make the plants bloom in advance and extend the flowering period. The invention makes the differentiation of cassava flower buds early, improves the flowering ability of cassava, and achieves the purpose of flowering and fruiting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering. Background Art

[0002] Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the three major tubers in the world. It is native to Guyana, Colombia, Brazil and Peru in South America. It is a highly adaptable, drought-resistant and high-yield tuber crop. Its tubers are rich in starch and are the main food crop for more than 600 million people in tropical and subtropical regions. It is known as the "king of starch" and "underground food".

[0003] The cassava planting area in Guangxi is about 4 million mu, accounting for more than 60% of the national cassava planting area; cassava has become one of the main economic crops in Guangxi. However, because Guangxi is a subtropical region, due to the influence of low temperatures, it can generally be planted in mid-March. According to the flowering and fruiting habits of cassava, it will bloom in batches in October until the end of December. It takes about 3-4 months for cassava fruits to grow to maturity, but due to the influence of low temperatures, most of the fruits harvested in January of the following year stop developing before they are mature, affecting the germination rate of cassava seeds. Therefore, how to improve the early flowering of cassava is the primary task of solving the current hybrid breeding. Breeding new cassava varieties with high yield, high starch and good stress resistance suitable for planting in Guangxi is both a need and a challenge.

[0004] Patent publication number CN 112715304 A discloses a cultivation method for improving cassava flowering. The method uses chemical dwarfing and chemical regulation to prevent cassava from growing too high stems during the growth period, promote premature flower bud differentiation of cassava, and improve the flowering ability of cassava. However, the cassava planting time is relatively late in this method, which limits the cassava flowering batch; and it is difficult to control the root growth of cassava when cassava is cultivated in the field, and the tubers are easy to swell. The root nutrition growth leads to a slightly later flower bud differentiation time, and the seeds are immature in the later stage.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving cassava flowering, which advances the cassava planting growth period and controls the growth of cassava stems and tubers, thereby promoting early flower bud differentiation of cassava, improving the cassava flowering ability, and achieving the purpose of flowering and fruiting. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering. Through a series of measures such as potting preparation, first fertilization, second fertilization, spraying of flower-inducing liquid and flower preservation, the cassava planting growth period is advanced, the growth of cassava stems and tubers is controlled, thereby promoting cassava to differentiate flower buds early, improving the ability of cassava to bloom, and achieving the purpose of flowering and fruiting.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Variety selection: Select excellent cassava varieties or strains with high bifurcation, bifurcation or trifurcation, strong stems, short plants, and strong stress resistance;

[0010] (2) Potting preparation: Place a mixture of vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand into the pot, with the amount of substrate used being 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the pot height;

[0011] (3) Cassava planting: In mid-February, in an arch shed covered with cold-proof cloth, 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the cassava stems are inserted into the potting medium using the direct planting method. One stem is planted in each pot, and water is applied regularly after planting.

[0012] (4) Potted plant management: When the new shoots on the seed stem grow to 15-20 cm and the outside temperature rises above 16°C, remove the cold-proof cloth;

[0013] (5) First fertilization: In early April, phosphate fertilizer is mainly used. Mix the phosphate fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the potting. The amount added should be 8 to 10 cm high.

[0014] (6) Second fertilization: In early May, when the cassava plants are 50-60 cm tall, apply potassium fertilizer. Mix the potassium fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the potting pot until it is full. Water it thoroughly to make the soil in the potting pot compacted.

[0015] (7) Spraying flower-inducing liquid: In mid-June, when the cassava buds begin to appear, spray the flower-inducing liquid. Add gibberellin powder to water and spray the flower-inducing liquid on the buds, leaves and roots of the cassava.

[0016] (8) Flower preservation: When branches or flower buds appear on cassava, remove the newly grown axillary buds or sprouted lateral buds in time and only keep the flower buds to promote flowering.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (5), the amount of phosphate fertilizer used is 150 to 200 g per potted plant.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (6), the amount of potassium fertilizer used is 50 to 75 g per potted plant.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (7), the step of spraying the flowering inducing liquid on the terminal buds and leaves is as follows: diluting the gibberellin powder with 500 to 600 times of water and spraying it on the terminal buds and leaves of cassava until the leaves are dripping with water, spraying 2 to 3 times, once every week.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (7), the step of spraying the flower-inducing liquid on the roots is as follows: diluting the gibberellin powder with water 200 to 300 times and spraying the cassava roots 2 to 3 times, once every week.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), the mixing ratio of vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand in the matrix is ​​3 to 4:2 to 3:1.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (2), the specifications of the potted plant are as follows: a height of 40 to 45 cm, a pot mouth diameter of 35 to 40 cm, and a bottom diameter of 30 to 35 cm.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (3), the cassava seed stem is 12 to 15 cm in length, and the buds are intact, fresh, and undamaged.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (3), the periphery of the arch shed is fixed with ground nails or compacted with soil blocks, and intelligent thermometers and hygrometers are placed inside and outside the arch shed to collect and record changes in temperature and humidity in real time.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (1), the cassava varieties are Nanzhi 199 and Huanan 5.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The present invention advances the cassava planting growth period through a series of measures such as potted plant preparation, first fertilization, second fertilization, spraying flower-inducing liquid and flower preservation, so that cassava is not easy to expand tuberous roots, and the plant is prompted to change from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, so that cassava can differentiate flower buds early, improve the ability of cassava to bloom, achieve the purpose of flowering and fruiting, and effectively solve the problem of cassava flowering difficulties in Guangxi planting areas. Compared with the traditional method, the present invention advances the cassava flowering period by 10 to 30 days, increases the flowering rate by more than 40%, increases the number of flowers by more than 15%, and the seed maturity reaches 100%. It can be seen that the method of the present invention can effectively control the vegetative growth of cassava, improve the maturity of seeds when harvested, and promote the selection and breeding of new varieties of cassava.

[0028] 2. The present invention uses potted plants to cultivate cassava tubers. The potted space is limited, so that the growth space of the tubers of the cassava plants is limited in the later growth period, and the tubers are not easy to expand. After the second fertilization, sufficient water is poured to make the soil in the potted plants compacted, which further makes it difficult for the cassava tubers to grow and expand, prompting the plants to switch from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, so that the plants can differentiate flower buds earlier and improve their flowering ability.

[0029] 3. The matrix used in potted plants of the present invention is vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand, and the ratio is carried out according to the growth requirements of cassava, so that the vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand make the cultivation matrix have a good loose structure, good air permeability and drainage performance, and can effectively maintain the looseness and permeability of the soil in the potted plants, thereby promoting the cassava tubers to sprout as soon as possible and shorten the growth period. At the same time, the direct planting method is adopted in the planting process, and the tubers are easy to survive and the seedlings return quickly.

[0030] 4. The present invention uses phosphorus fertilizer in the first fertilization, which can make the stems and branches of the plants tough, promote the formation of flower buds, and make the flowers large and colorful; uses potassium fertilizer in the second fertilization, which can promote plant photosynthesis and promote plant fruiting; in the early stage of flower buds, spray different concentrations of gibberellin flower-inducing liquid on the terminal buds, leaves and roots, which effectively regulates the flowering period of the plants, promotes the plants to differentiate flower buds earlier, bloom earlier, preserve flowers and enhance color, and prolong the flowering period.

[0031] 5. After planting, the cassava tubers are placed in an arch shed covered with cold-proof cloth for cultivation, which can provide relatively stable environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity for the growth of cassava, promote the rapid growth and development of cassava, and after the temperature rises, the cold-proof cloth is opened to promote the photosynthesis of the plant, improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of the plant, make the plant grow rapidly, and advance the growth period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further described in detail below by way of examples. These examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) Variety selection: Select Nanzhi 199, which has a three-branched plant shape, thick stems, short plants, and strong resistance to stress;

[0036] (2) Potting preparation: Place a substrate mixed with vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand in a ratio of 3:2:1 into a potting pot. The potting specifications are 40 cm in height, 35 cm in diameter at the top and 30 cm in diameter at the bottom. The amount of substrate used is 1 / 2 of the potting height.

[0037] (3) Cassava planting: In mid-February, cover the top of the arch shed with cold-proof cloth, fix the perimeter of the arch shed with ground nails or compact it with soil blocks, place intelligent thermometers and hygrometers inside and outside the arch shed to collect and record the changes in temperature and humidity in real time, and adopt the direct planting method. Select cassava seed stems with a length of 14 cm, intact buds, freshness, and no damage. Insert 1 / 2 of the cassava seed stems into the potting medium, plant one seed stem in each pot, and water regularly after planting;

[0038] (4) Potted plant management: When the new shoots on the seed stem grow to 15-20 cm and the outside temperature rises above 16°C, remove the cold-proof cloth;

[0039] (5) First fertilization: In early April, phosphate fertilizer is mainly used for each potted plant. Use 180g of phosphate fertilizer for each potted plant. Mix the phosphate fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the potted plant. The amount added is 10cm high.

[0040] (6) Second fertilization: In early May, when the cassava plants are 50-60 cm tall, apply potassium fertilizer. Use 60 g of potassium fertilizer per potted plant. Mix the potassium fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the pot, filling it to the top of the pot. Water it enough to make the soil in the pot compact.

[0041] (7) Spraying flower-inducing liquid: In mid-June, when the cassava buds begin to appear, spray the flower-inducing liquid. Dilute the gibberellin powder with 500 times of water and spray it on the buds and leaves of the cassava until the leaves are wet. Spray it twice, once a week. At the same time, dilute the gibberellin powder with 200 times of water and spray it on the roots of the cassava. Spray it twice, once a week.

[0042] (8) Flower preservation: When branches or flower buds appear on cassava, remove the newly grown axillary buds or sprouted lateral buds in time and only keep the flower buds to promote flowering.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) Variety selection: Select Nanzhi 199, which has a three-branched plant shape, thick stems, short plants, and strong resistance to stress;

[0046] (2) Potting preparation: Place a substrate mixed with vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand in a ratio of 4:3:1 into a potting pot. The potting specifications are 40 cm in height, 35 cm in diameter at the top and 30 cm in diameter at the bottom. The amount of substrate used is 1 / 3 of the potting height.

[0047] (3) Cassava planting: In mid-February, cover the top of the arch shed with cold-proof cloth, fix the perimeter of the arch shed with ground nails or compact it with soil blocks, place intelligent thermometers and hygrometers inside and outside the arch shed to collect and record the changes in temperature and humidity in real time, and adopt the direct planting method. Select cassava seed stems with a length of 12 cm, intact buds, freshness, and no damage. Insert 1 / 3 of the cassava seed stems into the potting medium, plant one seed stem in each pot, and water regularly after planting;

[0048] (4) Potted plant management: When the new shoots on the seed stem grow to 15-20 cm and the outside temperature rises above 16°C, remove the cold-proof cloth;

[0049] (5) First fertilization: In early April, phosphate fertilizer is mainly used for fertilization. Use 150g of phosphate fertilizer for each potted plant. Mix the phosphate fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the potted plant. The amount added is 8cm high.

[0050] (6) Second fertilization: In early May, when the cassava plants are 50-60 cm tall, apply potassium fertilizer. Use 50 g of potassium fertilizer per potted plant. Mix the potassium fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the pot, filling it to the top of the pot. Water it enough to make the soil in the pot compact.

[0051] (7) Spraying flower-inducing liquid: In mid-June, when the cassava buds begin to appear, spray the flower-inducing liquid. Dilute the gibberellin powder with 600 times of water and spray it on the buds and leaves of the cassava until the leaves are wet. Spray it three times, once a week. At the same time, dilute the gibberellin powder with 300 times of water and spray it on the roots of the cassava. Spray it three times, once a week.

[0052] (8) Flower preservation: When branches or flower buds appear on cassava, remove the newly grown axillary buds or sprouted lateral buds in time and only keep the flower buds to promote flowering.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering comprises the following steps:

[0055] (1) Variety selection: Choose Huanan No. 5, which has a three-branched plant shape, thick stems, short plants, and strong resistance to stress;

[0056] (2) Potting preparation: Place a substrate mixed with vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand in a ratio of 3:3:1 into a potting pot. The potting specifications are 45 cm in height, 40 cm in diameter at the top and 35 cm in diameter at the bottom. The amount of substrate used is 1 / 2 of the potting height.

[0057] (3) Cassava planting: In mid-February, cover the arch shed with cold-proof cloth, fix the perimeter of the arch shed with ground nails or compact it with soil blocks, place intelligent thermometers and hygrometers inside and outside the arch shed to collect and record the changes in temperature and humidity in real time, and adopt the direct planting method. Select cassava seed stems with a length of 15 cm, intact buds, freshness, and no damage. Insert 1 / 2 of the cassava seed stems into the potting medium, plant one seed stem in each pot, and water regularly after planting;

[0058] (4) Potted plant management: When the new shoots on the seed stem grow to 15-20 cm and the outside temperature rises above 16°C, remove the cold-proof cloth;

[0059] (5) First fertilization: In early April, phosphate fertilizer is mainly used for each potted plant. Use 200g of phosphate fertilizer for each potted plant. Mix the phosphate fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the potted plant. The amount added is 10cm high.

[0060] (6) Second fertilization: In early May, when the cassava plants are 50-60 cm tall, apply potassium fertilizer. Use 75 g of potassium fertilizer per potted plant. Mix the potassium fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the pot, filling it to the top of the pot. Water it enough to make the soil in the pot compact.

[0061] (7) Spraying flower-inducing liquid: In mid-June, when the cassava buds begin to appear, spray the flower-inducing liquid. Dilute the gibberellin powder with 500 times of water and spray it on the buds and leaves of the cassava until the leaves are wet. Spray it twice, once a week. At the same time, dilute the gibberellin powder with 200 times of water and spray it on the roots of the cassava. Spray it twice, once a week.

[0062] (8) Flower preservation: When branches or flower buds appear on cassava, remove the newly grown axillary buds or sprouted lateral buds in time and only keep the flower buds to promote flowering.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the substrate in step (2) of Comparative Example 1 is ordinary farmland soil, and the conditions of the other steps are the same as those of Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the fertilizer used in the second fertilization in step (6) of Comparative Example 2 is nitrogen fertilizer, and the conditions of the other steps are the same as those of Example 1.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] Taking "Publication No. CN 112715304 A, Invention Name: A Cultivation Method for Improving Cassava Flowering" as a comparison, specifically the method of planting Nanzhi 199 in Example 2 of the specification is used as Comparative Example 3.

[0069] The flowering conditions of cassava in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were statistically analyzed, and the specific data are shown in Table 1 below.

[0070] The method for detecting the maturity of the seeds in Table 1 is: using a 50% ethanol aqueous solution wet weight buoyancy method to distinguish whether the cassava seeds are mature, randomly selecting 100 seeds from each of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, first soaking them in clean water for 6 hours, and then treating them with a 50% ethanol aqueous solution for wet weight buoyancy. If the seeds sink to the bottom of the liquid, it indicates that the seeds are mature. If the seeds float on the liquid surface or in the middle of the liquid, it indicates that the seeds are not mature enough. In this way, whether the seeds are mature is counted, and the results are shown in the data in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1 Cassava flowering situation

[0072]

[0073] As shown in Table 1 above, compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the flowering period of cassava in Example 1 of the present invention is advanced by 10 to 30 days; compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the flowering rate of cassava in Example 1 is increased by 42.86% and 47.06%, respectively; compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the number of cassava flowers in Example 1 is increased by 15.25%, 25.93%, and 47.83%, respectively; compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the maturity of cassava seeds in Example 1 is increased by 5.26%, 4.17%, and 17.65%, respectively. From the data comparison, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can effectively control the vegetative growth of cassava, so that cassava is transformed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, promotes cassava to differentiate flower buds early, improves flowering ability, increases the number of flowers, and improves the maturity of seeds when harvested, which promotes the breeding of new varieties of cassava.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for promoting cassava flowering, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Variety selection: Select excellent cassava varieties or strains with high bifurcation, bifurcated or trifurcated plant type, thick stems, short plants, and strong stress resistance; (2) Potting preparation: Place a matrix composed of a mixture of vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand into the potting, with the amount of the matrix used being 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the potting height; the mixing ratio of vermiculite, perlite and coarse sand in the matrix being 3 to 4:2 to 3:1; (3) Cassava planting: In mid-February, in an arch shed covered with cold-proof cloth, use the direct planting method to insert 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the cassava stems into the potting medium. Plant one stem in each pot and water regularly after planting. (4) Potted plant management: When the new shoots on the seed stem grow to 15-20 cm and the outside temperature rises above 16°C, remove the cold-proof cloth; (5) First fertilization: In early April, phosphate fertilizer is mainly used. After mixing the phosphate fertilizer with fine soil and stirring evenly, add it into the potting. The amount of phosphate fertilizer added is 8 to 10 cm high. The amount of phosphate fertilizer used is 150 to 200 g per potting. (6) Second fertilization: In early May, when the cassava plants are 50 to 60 cm tall, apply potassium fertilizer. Mix the potassium fertilizer with fine soil and add it to the potting pot until it is full to the top. Then water the potting pot enough to make the soil compacted. The amount of potassium fertilizer used is 50 to 75 g per potting pot. (7) Spraying flower-inducing liquid: In mid-June, when the cassava buds begin to appear, spray the flower-inducing liquid. Dilute gibberellin powder with water and spray the flower-inducing liquid on the buds, leaves and roots of the cassava. (8) Flower preservation: When branches or flower buds appear on cassava, remove the newly grown axillary buds or sprouted lateral buds in time and only keep the flower buds to promote flowering.

2. The method for promoting cassava flowering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the step of spraying the flowering inducing liquid on the terminal buds and leaves is as follows: diluting the gibberellin powder with water by 500 to 600 times and spraying it on the terminal buds and leaves of cassava until the leaves are dripping with water. The step of spraying is performed 2 to 3 times, once every week.

3. The method for promoting cassava flowering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the step of spraying the flower-inducing liquid on the roots is as follows: diluting the gibberellin powder with water by 200 to 300 times and spraying the cassava roots 2 to 3 times, once every week.

4. The method for promoting cassava flowering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the specifications of the potted plant are 40-45 cm in height, 35-40 cm in diameter at the mouth of the pot, and 30-35 cm in diameter at the bottom.

5. The method for promoting cassava flowering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the cassava seed stem is 12 to 15 cm in length, and the buds are intact, fresh, and undamaged.

6. The method for promoting cassava flowering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the periphery of the arch shed is fixed with ground nails or compacted with soil blocks, and intelligent thermometers and hygrometers are placed inside and outside the arch shed to collect and record changes in temperature and humidity in real time.

7. The method for promoting cassava flowering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the cassava varieties are Nanzhi 199 and Huanan 5.

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