Environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and specifically relates to an environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials of the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, measured by mass percentage, include 10% to 20% hydrocarbon surfactant, 0.2% to 0.3% thickener, 0.2% to 0.3% cosolvent, 0.4% to 1.2% nano-scale multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the balance water, and the hydrocarbon surfactant is a surfactant compounded with an anionic surfactant and a sulfonate zwitterionic surfactant. The environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is environmentally friendly and fluorine-free, and has good stability and fire extinguishing performance. In addition, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention has a simple preparation process and low preparation cost, and is suitable for extinguishing Class B oil liquid fires.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and in particular relates to an environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Foam fire extinguishing agent is considered to be the most effective technical means to extinguish Class B flammable liquid fires. Traditional foam fire extinguishing agent uses fluorocarbon surfactant as the core component. It has the characteristics of spreading quickly on the burning oil surface and inhibiting the volatilization of flammable liquids. Therefore, it can quickly extinguish oil fires and is widely used in the petrochemical field. With the further use of aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent around the world, the perfluorooctane sulfonic acid contained in its core component, the long-chain fluorocarbon surfactant, has extremely high chemical and thermal stability, can be active in the food chain and accumulate and migrate therewith, and has serious ecological destructive power and environmental protection problems. Therefore, countries around the world have successively formulated increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations to restrict the use of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid.

[0003] In order to solve the environmental disadvantages brought by fluorocarbon surfactants in traditional foam fire extinguishing agents, scholars at home and abroad have made relevant development work. There are two main solutions to replace the harmful long-chain fluorocarbon surfactants in foam fire extinguishing agents: one is to use short-chain (C4-C6) fluorocarbon surfactants with better environmental performance in the formula of foam fire extinguishing agents instead of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, and the other is to use a variety of non-toxic and environmentally friendly non-fluorine surfactants to develop completely fluorine-free environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agents. To fundamentally solve the environmental problems brought by foam fire extinguishing agents, the use of raw materials that are completely fluorine-free, that is, the second approach mentioned above has become the solution that has received the most attention. However, the fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing agents that have been developed so far are still difficult to reach the level of fluorine-containing foam fire extinguishing agents in terms of fire extinguishing performance and anti-burning ability. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a fluorine-free environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent with better fire extinguishing effect and its preparation method to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the current foam fire extinguishing agent, the present invention aims to provide an environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The foam fire extinguishing agent is environmentally friendly and fluorine-free, and has fire extinguishing and fire control performance that meets the fire extinguishing agent standards. Another purpose of the present invention is to simplify the fire extinguishing agent preparation process from complex to simple, thereby reducing the preparation cost.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent, wherein the raw material composition comprises, by mass percentage:

[0006]

[0007] The balance was deionized water.

[0008] Among them, the hydrocarbon surfactant is a surfactant compounded with anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate and sulfonate zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762 (purchased from Shanghai Yaotian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.). Hydrocarbon surfactants have excellent foaming properties and are green, non-toxic, non-irritating, and easily degradable. The hydrophilic groups of anionic hydrocarbons are negatively charged, and they have excellent performance, low price, and a variety of types; the molecules of amphoteric hydrocarbon surfactants can simultaneously ionize anionic and cationic hydrophilic groups in aqueous solution.

[0009] Nanoscale multi-walled carbon nanotubes have a hexagonal concentrically arranged tubular structure and are resistant to high temperatures, which can increase the stability and fire extinguishing performance of foam fire extinguishing agents.

[0010] The thickener is xanthan gum, which can increase the viscosity of the solution, enhance the stability of the foam, and improve the anti-burning performance.

[0011] The cosolvent is urea, which can not only play a role in dissolving, but also reduce the freezing point of the fire extinguishing agent product, and improve the stability, dispersibility and film-forming property of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) preparing sodium α-olefin sulfonate, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and deionized water and stirring them thoroughly to obtain a mixed solution A;

[0014] (2) Prepare YT-Y762, xanthan gum, urea and deionized water and stir them thoroughly to form a mixed solution B;

[0015] (3) Mixing solution A and solution B under stirring conditions, and stirring thoroughly to form a mixed solution C;

[0016] (4) Add an appropriate amount of water to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and stir at high speed for 20 minutes to obtain an environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0018] All raw materials of the present invention have good biodegradability and little environmental pollution. Moreover, after the fire extinguishing agent is released, it is environmentally friendly and safe, and will not have harmful adverse effects on the human environment. The present invention utilizes a biodegradable, highly surface-active anionic and zwitterionic hydrocarbon surfactant compound system to replace the fluorocarbon surfactant in the traditional aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent, completely does not contain fluorocarbon surfactants, develops an environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent suitable for extinguishing flammable liquid fires, fundamentally solves the ecological problems caused by fluorocarbon surfactants in traditional AFFF, and optimizes the components and ratios while ensuring that the fire extinguishing agent maintains excellent stability.

[0019] The surfactants of the present invention are sodium α-olefin sulfonate and YT-Y762. Sodium α-olefin sulfonate can make the foam in the fire extinguishing agent more delicate, stable and rich; YT-Y762 has a low impact on surface tension and has better foaming performance than sodium dodecyl sulfate. The combination of the two can form a dense foam layer on the surface of the combustion object, which has a further barrier effect on the outside air, can not only have a good cooling effect, but also improve the fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0020] The present invention adds multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which are tubular structures composed of hexagonal carbon atoms. Adding a small amount of nanoparticles can not only effectively increase the skeleton strength of the foam and improve the foam stability, but also reduce the fire extinguishing time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the fire extinguishing process of the fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 after pre-combustion for 1 minute;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the anti-burning process of the fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of examples, but it should be understood that these examples are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The total weight of the fire extinguishing agent comprises 12% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 8% YT-Y762 surfactant, 0.3% xanthan gum, 0.3% urea, 0.8% multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 78.6% deionized water; the anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to 20% deionized water and stirred fully, so that the anionic surfactant, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and water are fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; the zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, thickener, urea and 20% deionized water are stirred fully to form a mixed solution B; the mixed solution A in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solution B in step (2) under stirring conditions to form a mixed solution C; the remaining 38.6% deionized water is added to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent concentrate is obtained after high-speed stirring for 20 minutes. The main properties of the fire extinguishing agent are shown in Table 1.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] The total weight of the fire extinguishing agent comprises 10% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 5% YT-Y762 surfactant, 0.2% xanthan gum, 0.2% urea, 1.2% multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 83.4% deionized water; the anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to 20% deionized water and stirred fully, so that the anionic surfactant, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and water are fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; the zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, thickener, urea and 20% deionized water are stirred fully to form a mixed solution B; the mixed solution A in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solution B in step (2) under stirring conditions to form a mixed solution C; the remaining 43.4% deionized water is added to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent concentrate is obtained after high-speed stirring for 20 minutes. The main properties of the fire extinguishing agent are shown in Table 1.

[0029] Example 3

[0030] The total weight of the fire extinguishing agent comprises 8% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 2% YT-Y762 surfactant, 0.2% xanthan gum, 0.2% urea, 0.4% multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 89.2% deionized water; the anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to 20% deionized water and stirred fully, so that the anionic surfactant, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and water are fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; the zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, thickener, urea and 20% deionized water are stirred fully to form a mixed solution B; the mixed solution A in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solution B in step (2) under stirring conditions to form a mixed solution C; the remaining 49.2% deionized water is added to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent concentrate is obtained after high-speed stirring for 20 minutes. The main properties of the fire extinguishing agent are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Example 4

[0032] The total weight of the fire extinguishing agent comprises 12% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 8% YT-Y762 surfactant, 0.3% xanthan gum, 0.3% urea, 1.2% multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 78.2% deionized water; the anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to 20% deionized water and stirred fully, so that the anionic surfactant, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and water are fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; the zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, thickener, urea and 20% deionized water are stirred fully to form a mixed solution B; the mixed solution A in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solution B in step (2) under stirring conditions to form a mixed solution C; the remaining 38.2% deionized water is added to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent concentrate is obtained after high-speed stirring for 20 minutes. The main properties of the fire extinguishing agent are shown in Table 1.

[0033] Example 5

[0034] The total weight of the fire extinguishing agent comprises 12% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 8% YT-Y762 surfactant, 0.3% xanthan gum, 0.3% urea, 0.4% multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 79% deionized water; the anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to 20% deionized water and stirred fully, so that the anionic surfactant, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and water are fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; the zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, thickener, urea and 20% deionized water are stirred fully to form a mixed solution B; the mixed solution A in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solution in step (2) under stirring conditions to form a mixed solution C; the remaining 39% deionized water is added to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent concentrate is obtained after high-speed stirring for 20 minutes. The main properties of the fire extinguishing agent are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 1

[0036] The total weight of the fire extinguishing agent comprises 12% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 8% YT-Y762 surfactant, 0.3% xanthan gum, 0.3% urea, 0.8% aluminum oxide and 78.6% deionized water; the anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate and aluminum oxide are added to 20% deionized water and stirred fully, so that the anionic surfactant, aluminum oxide and water are fully mixed to form a mixed solution A; the zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, thickener, urea and 20% deionized water are stirred fully to form a mixed solution B; the mixed solution A in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solution B in step (2) under stirring conditions to form a mixed solution C; the remaining 38.6% deionized water is added to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent concentrate is obtained after high-speed stirring for 20 minutes. The main properties of the fire extinguishing agent are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 2

[0038] The total weight of the fire extinguishing agent comprises 20% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 0.3% xanthan gum, 0.3% urea, 0.8% multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 78.6% deionized water; anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to 20% deionized water and stirred fully to fully mix the anionic surfactant, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and water to form a mixed solution A; a thickener, urea and 20% deionized water are stirred fully to form a mixed solution B; under stirring conditions, the mixed solution A in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solution B in step (2) to form a mixed solution C; the remaining 38.6% deionized water is added to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent concentrate is obtained after high-speed stirring for 20 minutes. The main properties of the fire extinguishing agent are shown in Table 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 3

[0040] The total weight of the fire extinguishing agent comprises 20% of YT-Y762 surfactant, 0.3% of xanthan gum, 0.3% of urea, 0.8% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 78.6% of deionized water; the multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to 20% of deionized water and stirred fully to fully mix the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and water to form a mixed solution A; the zwitterionic surfactant, thickener, urea and 20% of deionized water are stirred fully to form a mixed solution B; the mixed solution A in step (1) is slowly added to the mixed solution B in step (2) under stirring conditions to form a mixed solution C; the remaining 38.6% of deionized water is added to the mixed solution C obtained in step (3), and the environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agent concentrate is obtained after high-speed stirring for 20 minutes. The main properties of the fire extinguishing agent are shown in Table 1.

[0041] The foam fire extinguishing agent obtained in the above Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was mixed with water at a volume ratio of 6:94 to prepare a foam solution. The performance test was carried out with reference to GB15308-2006 foam fire extinguishing agent, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1 Performance test results

[0043]

[0044] As shown in Table 1, the foam physical and chemical properties and fire extinguishing experiments were conducted on the examples and control examples. The best result in the 25% liquid separation experiment was in Example 1, and the best result in the foaming experiment was in Example 2. The environmentally friendly synthetic foam fire extinguishing agents of Examples 1 and 2 all met the standard requirements in various test items and had the best effect. The two groups showed excellent foam stability, fire extinguishing performance and anti-burning performance.

[0045] The invention adopts biodegradable fluorine-free raw materials as the main components, has no pollution to the environment, has rich and stable foam, good fire extinguishing performance, simple production process, low production energy consumption, easy to obtain raw materials and low cost, easy to realize industrial production, has broad application prospects, and is conducive to popularization and application.

[0046] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the structure of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing agent comprises, by weight percentage, 12% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 8% sulfonate zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, 0.8% nano-scale multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 0.3% xanthan gum, 0.3% urea, and 78.6% deionized water; or 10% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 5% sulfonate zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, 1.2% nano-scale multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 0.2% xanthan gum, 0.2% urea, and 83.4% deionized water; or 12% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, 8% sulfonate zwitterionic surfactant YT-Y762, 0.4% nano-scale multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 0.3% xanthan gum, 0.3% urea, and 79% deionized water.

2. A method for preparing the environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method steps are as follows: (1) preparing a mixed solution A comprising an anionic surfactant, nano-scale multi-walled carbon nanotubes and deionized water; (2) preparing a mixed solution B comprising a sulfonate zwitterionic surfactant, xanthan gum, urea and deionized water; (3) Mixing solution A and solution B under stirring conditions; (4) Deionized water is added to the mixed solution obtained in step (3), and the mixture is stirred at high speed for 20 minutes to obtain an environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent.

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