Micro-interface oscillating absorber, regenerator, carbon capture and regeneration system and method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of CO2 capture, utilization and storage technology, and specifically discloses a micro-interface oscillation absorber with low energy consumption, a regenerator, a carbon capture and regeneration system and a method. The micro-interface oscillation absorber is provided with an oscillation absorption unit, which can form countless high specific surface area absorption liquid droplets, which react with CO2 in high-speed rotating raw material gas, increase the effective phase interface area of gas and liquid, strengthen the interaction between the two phases, effectively improve the CO2 capture efficiency, and reduce the loss of absorption liquid. Using the micro-interface oscillation absorber to capture CO2, the high-speed rotation of the raw material gas and the injection of the absorption liquid mainly rely on the initial speed of the absorption liquid sent into the absorber body, and no additional pressure is needed, so the energy consumption in the CO2 capture process is low. Based on the same working principle, the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is provided with an oscillation regeneration unit, which can effectively desorb CO2 to regenerate the rich liquid into absorption liquid, and no additional high-frequency oscillation is needed, so the energy consumption is also low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of CO2 capture, utilization and storage technology, specifically relating to a micro-interface oscillation absorber, regenerator, carbon capture and regeneration system and method. Background Technology

[0002] CO2 is a greenhouse gas that absorbs long-wave radiation reflected from the ground and re-emits it, making it a major contributor to the greenhouse effect. Methods for CO2 capture include chemical absorption, physical adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation. Chemical absorption is the most mature technology, but it still suffers from problems such as low regeneration efficiency, high energy consumption, and large capture equipment requirements.

[0003] Currently, researchers have further developed more efficient methods and devices for carbon capture and regeneration based on chemical absorption. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN104307337A discloses a method and system for capturing and separating carbon dioxide from flue gas from a hot blast stove. The method includes: the flue gas from the hot blast stove outlet is treated with temperature control and then injected into a high-pressure mixing absorption tower through a flue gas pressurization device; an ammonia solution is pressurized and injected into the absorption tower through an ammonia pressurization device; the solution formed in the absorption tower flows from the bottom into a high-frequency oscillating separation tower through a guide pipe; residual unabsorbed dissolved gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the absorption tower through a constant pressure emission device; the mixed liquid entering the high-frequency oscillating separation tower from the bottom of the absorption tower is used to precipitate carbon dioxide through a high-frequency oscillator installed in the high-frequency oscillating separation tower; the precipitated carbon dioxide is collected after concentration detection; and the ammonia solution at the bottom is collected again to remove impurities and then recycled.

[0004] Although the above methods and systems use pressurized flue gas and ammonia water to inject CO2 into a high-pressure mixing absorption tower after pressurization, and introduce a high-frequency oscillator in the separation tower to utilize the instability of ammonium bicarbonate solution to cause CO2 to precipitate from the ammonia water, thereby improving the CO2 desorption efficiency and ammonia water regeneration efficiency, the use of flue gas pressurization and ammonia water pressurization devices to promote CO2 absorption and high-frequency oscillators to promote CO2 precipitation results in high energy consumption of the equipment used in both the CO2 capture and CO2 desorption processes, which is not conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection, and the manufacturing and operating costs are also high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a micro-interface oscillation absorber, which aims to improve CO2 capture efficiency while reducing energy consumption.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a micro-interface oscillation absorber, including an absorber body, an absorber demisting device, and an oscillation absorption unit;

[0007] The top of the absorber body is provided with a purified gas outlet, the side is provided with a raw material gas inlet and an absorber liquid inlet, and the bottom is provided with an absorber liquid outlet.

[0008] The absorber demisting device is installed in the inner cavity of the absorber body, and its outlet side corresponds to the purified gas outlet.

[0009] The oscillation absorption unit is disposed in the inner cavity of the absorber body and is located below the absorber demisting device; there are at least two oscillation absorption units, which are evenly distributed around the center line of the absorber body;

[0010] The oscillation absorption unit includes a vertically arranged absorption unit body, which is a cylindrical structure with a closed upper end. The inner cavity of the absorption unit body is an absorption swirl chamber, which is mainly composed of a first columnar cavity and a first conical cavity that are connected vertically.

[0011] The absorption unit body has an air inlet on its side wall. The air inlet of the absorption unit is tangent to the absorption swirling cavity and is connected to the raw material gas inlet.

[0012] At least two first spray structures are provided on the side wall of the main body of the absorption unit below the air inlet of the absorption unit. The first spray structure includes at least two absorption spray holes evenly distributed along the circumference of the main body of the absorption unit, and each absorption spray hole is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorber.

[0013] The absorption unit body is provided with a first degassing pipe along its center line. The upper end of the first degassing pipe has an air outlet corresponding to the air inlet side of the absorber demisting device. Its lower end has an air inlet that passes through the central part of the upper end of the absorption unit body into the absorption swirling cavity and extends to the lower side of all the absorption spray holes.

[0014] The lower opening of the first conical cavity is the bottom outlet of the absorption unit, which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body.

[0015] Furthermore, the micro-interface oscillating absorber also includes an absorber downcomer;

[0016] The underflow port of the absorption unit is provided with an underflow pipe, which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body through the underflow pipe.

[0017] The absorber downcomer is located in the inner cavity of the absorber body and between two adjacent oscillating absorption units. Its upper liquid inlet corresponds to the air inlet side of the absorber demisting device, and its lower liquid outlet is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body.

[0018] Furthermore, the column-to-cone ratio of the absorption vortex-generating cavity is 2 to 3:1;

[0019] The first degassing tube extends into the absorption swirling cavity to a depth of 1 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the height of the first columnar cavity, and the inner diameter of the first degassing tube is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the first columnar cavity.

[0020] The cone angle of the first conical cavity is 20° to 30°.

[0021] Based on the same working principle, the present invention also provides a micro-interface oscillation regenerator that can effectively desorb CO2 and has low energy consumption, which includes a regenerator body, a regenerator demisting device and an oscillation regeneration unit.

[0022] The top of the regenerator body is provided with an acid gas outlet, the side is provided with a regenerator air inlet, a regenerator liquid inlet and a regenerator first liquid outlet, and the bottom is provided with a regenerator second liquid outlet.

[0023] The regenerator demister is located inside the regenerator body, with its outlet side corresponding to the acid gas outlet.

[0024] The oscillation regeneration unit is disposed in the inner cavity of the regenerator body and is located below the regenerator demister; there are at least two oscillation regeneration units, which are evenly distributed around the center line of the regenerator body;

[0025] The oscillation regeneration unit includes a vertically arranged regeneration unit body, which is a cylindrical structure with a closed upper end. The inner cavity of the regeneration unit body is a regeneration swirl cavity, which is mainly composed of a second columnar cavity and a second conical cavity that are connected vertically.

[0026] The main body of the regeneration unit is provided with a regeneration unit air inlet on its side wall. The flow direction of the regeneration unit air inlet is tangent to the regeneration vortex chamber and is connected to the regenerator air inlet.

[0027] At least two second liquid spraying structures are provided on the side wall of the main body of the regeneration unit below the air inlet of the regeneration unit. The second liquid spraying structure includes at least two regeneration liquid spraying holes evenly distributed along the circumference of the main body of the regeneration unit, and each regeneration liquid spraying hole is connected to the liquid inlet of the regenerator.

[0028] The regeneration unit body is provided with a second degassing pipe along its center line. The upper end of the second degassing pipe has an air outlet corresponding to the air inlet side of the regenerator demisting device. Its lower end has an air inlet that passes through the central part of the upper end of the regeneration unit body into the regeneration vortex chamber and extends to the lower side of all regeneration spray holes.

[0029] The lower opening of the second conical cavity is the underflow port of the regeneration unit, which is connected to the lower part of the internal cavity of the regenerator body.

[0030] Furthermore, the micro-interface oscillation regenerator also includes a regenerator downcomer and a vent pipe;

[0031] The underflow port of the regeneration unit is provided with an underflow pipe of the regeneration unit, and the underflow pipe of the regeneration unit is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body.

[0032] The regenerator downcomer is located in the inner cavity of the regenerator body and between two adjacent oscillating regeneration units. Its upper liquid inlet corresponds to the air inlet side of the regenerator demister, and its lower liquid outlet is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body.

[0033] The vent pipe is vertically installed inside the regenerator body and is located below the regenerator demister.

[0034] Furthermore, the column-to-cone ratio of the regenerated vortex cavity is 2 to 3:1;

[0035] The second degassing tube extends into the regeneration and swirl chamber to a depth of 1 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the height of the second columnar cavity, and the inner diameter of the second degassing tube is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the second columnar cavity.

[0036] The cone angle of the second conical cavity is 20° to 30°.

[0037] The present invention also provides a carbon capture and regeneration system with low energy consumption, including a feed gas blower, a CO2 absorber, a rich liquid pump, a lean liquid pump, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and an absorbent regenerator; wherein the CO2 absorber is the micro-interface oscillation absorber described above, and the absorbent regenerator is the micro-interface oscillation regenerator described above.

[0038] The outlet of the raw material gas blower is connected to the raw material gas inlet of the micro-interface oscillation absorber.

[0039] The absorber outlet of the micro-interface oscillation absorber is connected to the inlet of the rich liquid pump, the outlet of the rich liquid pump is connected to the medium inlet of the first heat exchanger, and the medium outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the regenerator inlet of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator.

[0040] The first liquid outlet of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the second heat exchanger, the heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the air inlet of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator, the medium inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the medium outlet of the hot medium source, and the medium outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the medium inlet of the cold medium source.

[0041] The second outlet of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger, the heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the lean liquid pump, and the outlet of the lean liquid pump is connected to the inlet of the absorber of the micro-interface oscillation absorber.

[0042] Furthermore, the aforementioned carbon capture and regeneration system also includes a first condenser, a second condenser, a first separator, a second separator, and a filter;

[0043] The purified gas outlet of the micro-interface oscillation absorber is connected to the tangential air inlet of the first separator, and the bottom liquid outlet of the first separator is connected to the liquid inlet of the rich liquid pump.

[0044] The acid gas outlet of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the tangential inlet of the second separator through the first condenser. The bottom liquid outlet of the second separator is connected to the liquid inlet of the lean liquid pump. The liquid outlet of the lean liquid pump is connected to the absorber inlet of the micro-interface oscillation absorber through the second condenser.

[0045] The filter is connected in parallel to the pipe between the inlet of the second condenser and the absorber.

[0046] The present invention also provides a carbon capture and regeneration method, which uses the above-described carbon capture and regeneration system to capture CO2 and regenerate the absorbent.

[0047] Furthermore, the above-mentioned carbon capture and regeneration method includes an equipment control step, which includes:

[0048] The operating temperature of the micro-interface oscillation absorber is controlled to be no more than 40℃, the operating pressure is 20 kPa~6 MPa, and the gas-liquid ratio is 150~300:1;

[0049] The operating temperature of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is controlled at 110℃~150℃, the operating pressure is 1 Kpa~100Kpa, the gas-liquid ratio is 50~100:1, the temperature of the lean liquid flowing out of the second outlet of the regenerator is 110℃~120℃, and the temperature of the rich liquid flowing in through the inlet of the regenerator is 90℃~100℃.

[0050] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0051] 1) This micro-interface oscillating absorber has multiple oscillating absorption units evenly distributed around the centerline of the absorber body in the inner cavity of the absorber body. The raw gas inlet is connected to the absorption unit inlet on the side wall of the absorption unit body. The raw gas flowing in from the raw gas inlet is then tangentially fed into the absorption swirling cavity through the absorption unit inlet, causing the raw gas to form a high-speed swirling vortex in the absorption swirling cavity. At the same time, the absorber liquid inlet is connected to multiple absorption spray holes on the side wall of the absorption unit body. The absorbent liquid is then radially sprayed into the absorption swirling cavity through the absorption spray holes. The injected absorbent liquid is continuously cut by the high-speed rotating raw gas, forming numerous absorbent liquid droplets with high specific surface area. This greatly increases the gas-liquid mass transfer area. Furthermore, the self-rotation coupling of the absorbent liquid droplets in the swirling field induces the micro-interface oscillation process, which can accelerate the frequency of internal and external exchange of the absorbent liquid droplets. Therefore, it greatly improves the reaction rate of CO2 in the raw gas with the absorbent liquid, effectively improves the CO2 capture efficiency, and reduces the loss of absorbent liquid. In addition, during the CO2 capture process using this micro-interface oscillating absorber, the high-speed rotation of the raw gas and the injection of the absorbent liquid mainly rely on the initial velocity of its delivery into the absorber body, without the need for additional pressurization. Therefore, the energy consumption during the CO2 capture process is low, and since there is no additional pressurization equipment, the manufacturing and usage costs are also low.

[0052] 2) This micro-interface oscillation regenerator incorporates multiple oscillation regeneration units evenly distributed around the centerline of the regenerator body within its internal cavity. The regenerator's air inlet is connected to the regeneration unit air inlet on the side wall of the regeneration unit body. Hot steam flowing in from the regenerator's air inlet is then tangentially introduced into the regeneration vortex-forming chamber through the regeneration unit air inlet, creating a high-speed vortex. Simultaneously, the regenerator's liquid inlet is connected to multiple regeneration spray holes on the side wall of the regeneration unit body. The rich liquid formed after CO2 absorption by the absorbent is radially injected into the regeneration vortex-forming chamber through these holes. The injected rich liquid is continuously cut by the high-speed rotating hot steam, and the rich liquid jet forms numerous rich liquid droplets under the shearing action of the high-speed steam vortex. The swirling motion of liquid droplets in the regeneration vortex chamber overcomes the limitations imposed by gravity and generates intense micro-interface oscillations, greatly increasing the contact area between the rich liquid and the hot steam, as well as the degree of liquid apical movement. This effectively promotes heat transfer and mixing, causing the microbubbles in the rich liquid to continuously migrate and coalesce under the action of swirling turbulence, and finally separate under the centrifugal field, completing the desorption of CO2. After CO2 is released from the rich liquid, it becomes a lean liquid. Under the action of gravity, the lean liquid flows from the bottom outlet of the regeneration unit to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body. Then, most of the lean liquid can flow out from the second outlet of the regenerator body at the bottom of the regenerator body, realizing the regeneration of the absorbent. A small part of the lean liquid (mainly the aqueous phase in the lean liquid) can flow out from the first outlet of the regenerator body on the side of the regenerator body, and can be reheated and reused as hot steam. In addition, during the process of desorbing CO2 and regenerating the absorbent using this micro-interface oscillation regenerator, the high-speed rotation of hot steam and the injection of rich liquid mainly rely on the initial speed of its delivery into the regenerator body, without the need for additional high-frequency oscillation. Therefore, the energy consumption during the CO2 desorption process is low, and since there is no additional high-frequency oscillation equipment, the manufacturing and use costs are also low.

[0053] 3) The CO2 absorber and absorbent regenerator used in this carbon capture and regeneration system are the micro-interface oscillation absorbers mentioned above. The system captures CO2 and regenerates the absorbent, which is not only highly efficient and energy-saving, but also environmentally friendly and cost-saving. It is suitable for carbon capture in various scenarios, has a large gas-liquid ratio, small equipment height and volume, and is easy to maintain, simple in structure, has no internal moving parts, and is not afraid of clogging and scaling.

[0054] 4) This carbon capture and regeneration method, by effectively controlling the operating parameters of the micro-interface oscillating absorber and the micro-interface oscillating regenerator, can not only further improve the efficiency of capturing CO2 and regenerating the absorbent, but also help ensure the long-term stable operation of the system and guarantee the service life of each device in the carbon capture and regeneration system. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the micro-interface oscillation absorber in this invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of multiple oscillation absorption units in the internal cavity of the absorber body in this invention;

[0057] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the oscillation absorption unit in this invention;

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator in this invention;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of multiple oscillation regeneration units in the internal cavity of the regenerator body in this invention;

[0060] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the oscillation regeneration unit in this invention;

[0061] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the carbon capture and regeneration system in this invention;

[0062] The components in the diagram are labeled as follows: raw material gas blower 100, CO2 absorber 200, absorber body 210, purified gas outlet 211, raw material gas inlet 212, absorber liquid inlet 213, absorber liquid outlet 214, absorber demister 220, oscillating absorption unit 230, first cylindrical cavity 231, first conical cavity 232, absorption unit inlet 233, absorber spray hole 234, first degassing pipe 235, absorption unit underflow pipe 236, absorber downcomer 240, rich liquid pump 310, lean liquid pump 320, first heat exchanger 410, second heat exchanger 420, and absorbent regenerator 50. 0. Regenerator body 510, acid gas outlet 511, regenerator air inlet 512, regenerator liquid inlet 513, regenerator first liquid outlet 514, regenerator second liquid outlet 515, regenerator demister 520, oscillating regeneration unit 530, second cylindrical cavity 531, second conical cavity 532, regeneration unit air inlet 533, regeneration spray hole 534, second degassing pipe 535, regeneration unit underflow pipe 536, regenerator downcomer 540, vent pipe 550, first condenser 610, second condenser 620, first separator 710, second separator 720, filter 800. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for ease of description, not indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention; the term "multiple" refers to two or more; the expression "mainly composed of or constituted by" is interpreted as also including structural components not mentioned in the sentence; the term "micro-interface oscillation" refers to: in a swirling flow field, particles revolve along a cylindrical-conical spiral while simultaneously rotating at high speed around their own axis. This self-revolutionary motion will cause periodic changes in the force between the medium and the microparticles, causing deformation of the two-phase interface, thereby promoting oscillation of the two-phase interface. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0065] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the micro-interface oscillation absorber includes an absorber body 210, an absorber demisting device 220, and an oscillation absorption unit 230.

[0066] The absorber body 210 is the main component of this micro-interface oscillation absorber, primarily used for the installation of other parts. The absorber body 210 can have various structures, such as a rectangular box, a cylindrical or prismatic tank, and can be made of various materials, such as carbon steel or stainless steel. The top of the absorber body 210 has a purified gas outlet 211, its side has a raw material gas inlet 212 and an absorber liquid inlet 213, and its bottom has an absorber liquid outlet 214. The purified gas outlet 211 is usually connected to the upper part of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210, and the raw material gas inlet 212 and the absorber liquid inlet 213 are usually connected to the absorber body 210. Corresponding to the middle of the inner cavity, the absorber outlet 214 is usually connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210; the raw gas after CO2 absorption forms purified gas, and the purified gas outlet 211 is mainly used to discharge the purified gas; the raw gas inlet 212 is mainly used to introduce the raw gas to be treated into the micro-interface oscillating absorber, and the raw gas can be of various types, such as flue gas, natural gas, coal gas, etc.; the absorber inlet 213 is mainly used to introduce the absorbent liquid for absorbing CO2 into the micro-interface oscillating absorber, and the absorbent liquid can be of various types, such as ionic liquid, amine solution, etc.; the absorbent liquid after absorbing CO2 forms a rich liquid, and the absorber outlet 214 is mainly used to discharge the rich liquid.

[0067] The absorber demister 220 is installed inside the absorber body 210, with its outlet side corresponding to the purified gas outlet 211. The absorber demister 220 is mainly used to demister within the absorber body 210, preventing the discharged purified gas from carrying away excessive absorbent liquid, thus reducing absorbent liquid loss and preventing environmental pollution. The absorber demister 220 is generally located above the raw material gas inlet 212 and the absorber liquid inlet 213. It can be of various types, such as an upper and lower partition screen spaced apart, and demister packing material placed between the upper and lower partition screens. The upper and lower partition screens are typically made of hydrophilic materials, preferably hydrophilic stainless steel wire mesh. The demister packing material is typically made of water-repellent materials. To facilitate replacement of the demister packing material, a packing loading / unloading port corresponding to the demister packing material is usually provided on the absorber body 210.

[0068] The oscillating absorption unit 230 is mainly used to generate micro-interface oscillations to effectively absorb CO2. It is usually made of corrosion-resistant materials, preferably stainless steel. The oscillating absorption unit 230 is disposed in the inner cavity of the absorber body 210 and is located below the absorber demister 220. There are at least two oscillating absorption units 230, which are evenly distributed around the center line of the absorber body 210 so that all the oscillating absorption units 230 can achieve a relatively good working state. The oscillating absorption unit 230 can be configured as a single-stage, multi-stage series, or multi-stage parallel structure. The pressure drop of a single-stage oscillating absorption unit 230 is usually controlled below 500 Pa.

[0069] The oscillation absorption unit 230 includes a vertically arranged absorption unit body, which is a cylindrical structure closed at the top. The inner cavity of the absorption unit body is an absorption swirl-generating cavity, which is mainly composed of a first columnar cavity 231 and a first conical cavity 232 connected vertically. The first columnar cavity 231 can be a variety of columnar structures, preferably a cylindrical structure; the first conical cavity 232 can be a variety of conical structures, preferably a conical structure.

[0070] The absorption unit body has an absorption unit air inlet 233 on its side wall. The flow direction of the absorption unit air inlet 233 is tangent to the absorption swirling cavity and is connected to the raw material gas inlet 212. This facilitates the formation of a swirling flow from the absorption unit air inlet 233 into the absorption swirling cavity. In order to achieve a good flow guiding effect, a swirling flow guiding structure, such as a spiral flow guiding groove, can also be set on the cavity wall of the absorption swirling cavity.

[0071] At least two first liquid spray structures are provided on the side wall of the main body of the absorption unit below the air inlet 233 of the absorption unit. The first liquid spray structure includes at least two absorption liquid spray holes 234 evenly distributed along the circumference of the main body of the absorption unit. Each absorption liquid spray hole 234 is connected to the liquid inlet 213 of the absorber. By setting multiple absorption liquid spray holes 234, not only are the inlets of the gas and liquid phases separated, but the flow field coupling and linkage function of the gas and liquid phases is also provided, which increases the absorption and reaction function of the gas phase and the liquid phase and enhances the absorption effect of CO2. Preferably, 8 to 20 rows of first liquid spray structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction on the side wall of the main body of the absorption unit, and preferably the number of absorption liquid spray holes 234 in each row of first liquid spray structures is controlled to be 8 to 15, and the aperture of the absorption liquid spray holes 234 is controlled to be 0.7 to 2.0 mm. Figure 3 In this embodiment, eight rows of first spray structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction on the side wall of the main body of the absorption unit.

[0072] A first degassing pipe 235 is provided along the center line of the main body of the absorption unit. The upper outlet of the first degassing pipe 235 corresponds to the air inlet side of the absorber demister 220. The lower inlet extends from the center of the upper part of the main body of the absorption unit into the absorption swirling chamber and extends to the lower side of all the absorption spray holes 234. The purpose of extending the lower inlet of the first degassing pipe 235 to the lower side of all the absorption spray holes 234 is to minimize the risk of the formed absorbent droplets being carried out through the first degassing pipe 235, thus ensuring that the absorbent droplets can fully absorb CO2. The extended part of the first degassing pipe 235 can also form an annular channel with the cavity wall of the absorption swirling chamber, which further facilitates the formation of swirling flow of the raw gas.

[0073] The lower opening of the first conical cavity 232 is the underflow port of the absorption unit, and the underflow port of the absorption unit is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210.

[0074] During use, the raw gas flowing in from the raw gas inlet 212 is tangentially fed into the absorption and swirling chamber through the absorption unit inlet 233, enabling the raw gas to form a high-speed air vortex in the absorption and swirling chamber. Meanwhile, the absorption liquid flowing in from the absorber liquid inlet 213 is radially sprayed into the absorption and swirling chamber through the absorption liquid spraying holes 234, causing the sprayed absorption liquid to be continuously cut by the high-speed rotating raw gas, thereby forming countless absorption liquid droplets with a high specific surface area, greatly increasing the gas-liquid mass transfer area. Moreover, the self-rotation coupling-induced micro-interface oscillation process of the absorption liquid droplets in the swirling flow field can accelerate the frequency of the internal and external exchange of the absorption liquid droplets. Therefore, the reaction rate between CO2 and the absorption liquid is greatly increased, the efficiency of CO2 capture is effectively improved, and the loss of the absorption liquid is further reduced. Additionally, during the process of capturing CO2, the high-speed rotation of the raw gas and the spraying of the absorption liquid mainly rely on their initial velocities when fed into the absorber body 210, without the need for additional pressurization, so the energy consumption is low. The rich liquid flows from the bottom outlet of the absorption unit into the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210 under the action of gravity, and finally flows out from the absorber liquid outlet 214. The purified gas is discharged to the upper part of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210 through the first gas discharge pipe 235, and is discharged from the purified gas outlet 211 after demisting by the absorber demisting device 220.

[0075] For the convenience of guiding the rich liquid, for another example Figure 3 as shown, an absorption unit bottom flow pipe 236 is provided at the bottom outlet of the absorption unit, and is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210 through the absorption unit bottom flow pipe 236;

[0076] To prevent the condensed absorption liquid in the absorber demisting device 220 from dripping from the upper gas outlet of the first gas discharge pipe 235 into the absorption and swirling chamber and affecting the absorption of CO2, a shielding structure is usually provided at the upper gas outlet of the first gas discharge pipe 235, for example: Figure 1 the "person"-shaped shielding shed shown;

[0077] For the convenience of guiding the condensed absorption liquid in the absorber demisting device 220 to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210, for another example Figure 1 as shown, the micro-interface oscillation absorber further includes an absorber downcomer 240. The absorber downcomer 240 is arranged in the inner cavity of the absorber body 210 and is located between two adjacent oscillation absorption units 230. Usually, multiple vertical absorber downcomers 240 can be provided according to the size of the absorber and actual needs. The upper liquid inlet of the absorber downcomer 240 corresponds to the air inlet side of the absorber demisting device 220, and the lower liquid outlet of the absorber downcomer 240 is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210.

[0078] Preferably, the column-to-cone ratio of the absorption swirl chamber is controlled at 2 to 3:1. The column-to-cone ratio of the absorption swirl chamber refers to the height ratio of the first columnar cavity 231 to the first conical cavity 232. When the column-to-cone ratio is within this range, the first columnar cavity 231 is longer, allowing CO2 to react more fully with the absorbent. The first conical cavity 232 is shorter, which allows the rich liquid to flow out of the absorption swirl chamber at a faster speed, thereby enabling the oscillating absorption unit 230 to achieve a better CO2 capture effect.

[0079] The first degassing tube 235 extends into the absorption swirling chamber to a depth of 1 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the height of the first columnar cavity 231, and the inner diameter of the first degassing tube 235 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the first columnar cavity 231; in this way, the purified gas in the absorption swirling chamber can be smoothly discharged, while not affecting the reaction between the absorbent liquid and CO2.

[0080] Preferably, the cone angle of the first cone cavity 232 is controlled to be 20° to 30°. This ensures that the flow rate of the rich liquid out of the absorption vortex cavity reaches a better state, which indirectly improves the CO2 capture effect.

[0081] Combination Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides a micro-interface oscillation regenerator, which includes a regenerator body 510, a regenerator demisting device 520 and an oscillation regeneration unit 530.

[0082] The regenerator body 510 is the main component of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator, primarily used for the installation of other parts. The regenerator body 510 can have various structures, such as a rectangular box, cylindrical, or prismatic tank. It can be made of various materials, such as carbon steel or stainless steel. The top of the regenerator body 510 has an acid gas outlet 511, its sides have a regenerator air inlet 512, a regenerator liquid inlet 513, and a first regenerator liquid outlet 514, and its bottom has a second regenerator liquid outlet 515. The acid gas outlet 511 is typically connected to the upper part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510, and the regenerator air inlet 512 and liquid inlet 513 are connected to the upper part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510. 13 usually corresponds to the middle of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510. The first liquid outlet 514 and the second liquid outlet 515 of the regenerator usually correspond to and are connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510. The desorbed CO2 is acid gas. The acid gas outlet 511 is mainly used to discharge acid gas. The regenerator inlet 512 is mainly used to introduce hot steam that transfers heat and mass with the rich liquid into the micro-interface oscillating regenerator. The regenerator liquid inlet 513 is mainly used to introduce the rich liquid into the micro-interface oscillating regenerator. After CO2 is precipitated from the rich liquid, it becomes a lean liquid. The first liquid outlet 514 of the regenerator is mainly used to discharge the aqueous phase in the lean liquid. The second liquid outlet 515 of the regenerator is mainly used to discharge most of the lean liquid, that is, the regenerated absorbent.

[0083] The regenerator demister 520 is installed inside the regenerator body 510, with its outlet side corresponding to the acid gas outlet 511. The regenerator demister 520 is mainly used to demister within the regenerator body 510, preventing the discharged acid gas from carrying away excessive absorbent and reducing absorbent loss. The regenerator demister 520 is generally located above the regenerator inlet 512, regenerator liquid inlet 513, and regenerator first liquid outlet 514. It can be of various types, including upper and lower partitions spaced vertically, and demister packing material placed between the upper and lower partitions. The upper and lower partitions are typically made of hydrophilic materials, preferably hydrophilic stainless steel wire mesh. The demister packing material is typically made of water-repellent materials. To facilitate replacement of the demister packing material, a corresponding packing loading / unloading port is usually provided on the regenerator body 510.

[0084] The oscillating regeneration unit 530 is mainly used to generate micro-interface oscillations to effectively desorb CO2. It is usually made of corrosion-resistant materials, preferably stainless steel. The oscillating regeneration unit 530 is located in the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510 and below the regenerator demister 520. There are at least two oscillating regeneration units 530, which are evenly distributed around the center line of the regenerator body 510 so that all the oscillating regeneration units 530 can achieve a relatively good working state. The oscillating regeneration unit 530 can be configured as a single-stage, multi-stage series, or multi-stage parallel structure. The pressure drop of a single-stage oscillating regeneration unit 530 is usually controlled below 500 Pa.

[0085] The oscillation regeneration unit 530 includes a vertically arranged regeneration unit body, which is a cylindrical structure closed at the top. The inner cavity of the regeneration unit body is a regeneration swirl cavity, which is mainly composed of a second columnar cavity 531 and a second conical cavity 532 connected vertically. The second columnar cavity 531 can be a variety of columnar structures, preferably a cylindrical structure; the second conical cavity 532 can be a variety of conical structures, preferably a conical structure.

[0086] The main body of the regeneration unit is provided with a regeneration unit air inlet 533 on its side wall. The flow direction of the regeneration unit air inlet 533 is tangent to the regeneration vortex cavity and is connected to the regenerator air inlet 512. This facilitates the formation of a vortex flow from the regeneration unit air inlet 533 into the regeneration vortex cavity. In order to achieve a good flow guiding effect, a vortex flow guiding structure, such as a spiral flow guiding groove, can also be provided on the cavity wall of the regeneration vortex cavity.

[0087] At least two second liquid spray structures are provided on the side wall of the main body of the regeneration unit below the air inlet 533 of the regeneration unit. The second liquid spray structure includes at least two regeneration liquid spray holes 534 evenly distributed along the circumference of the main body of the regeneration unit. Each regeneration liquid spray hole 534 is connected to the liquid inlet 513 of the regenerator. By setting multiple regeneration liquid spray holes 534, not only are the inlets of the gas and liquid phases separated, but the flow field coupling and linkage function of the gas and liquid phases is also provided, which increases the absorption and reaction function of the gas phase and the liquid phase and enhances the desorption effect of CO2. Preferably, 8 to 20 rows of second liquid spray structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction on the side wall of the main body of the regeneration unit, and preferably the number of regeneration liquid spray holes 534 in each row of second liquid spray structures is controlled to be 8 to 15, and the aperture of the regeneration liquid spray holes 534 is controlled to be 0.7 to 2.0 mm. Figure 6 In this embodiment, five rows of second spray structures are arranged at intervals along the height direction on the side wall of the main body of the regeneration unit.

[0088] A second degassing pipe 535 is provided on the main body of the regeneration unit along its center line. The upper end of the second degassing pipe 535 corresponds to the air inlet side of the regenerator demister 520, and its lower end air inlet enters the regeneration vortex chamber from the central part of the upper end of the main body of the regeneration unit and extends to the lower side of all regeneration spray holes 534. Figure 6 (not shown in the image) This allows the lower air inlet of the second degassing pipe 535 to extend to the lower side of all regeneration spray holes 534, mainly to minimize the risk of the formed rich liquid droplets being carried out through the second degassing pipe 535, ensuring that the rich liquid droplets can fully desorb CO2; the extended part of the second degassing pipe 535 can also form an annular channel with the cavity wall of the regeneration swirl chamber, further facilitating the formation of swirls from the hot steam;

[0089] The lower opening of the second conical cavity 532 is the underflow port of the regeneration unit, which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510.

[0090] During operation, the hot vapor flowing in from the regenerator air inlet 512 is tangentially fed into the regeneration swirl chamber through the regeneration unit air inlet 533, enabling the hot vapor to form a high-speed air vortex in the regeneration swirl chamber. Meanwhile, the rich liquid flowing in from the regenerator liquid inlet 513 is radially sprayed into the regeneration swirl chamber through the regeneration liquid spraying holes 534, allowing the sprayed rich liquid to be continuously cut by the high-speed rotating hot vapor. The rich liquid jet forms countless rich liquid droplets under the shearing action of the high-speed steam swirl. The swirling motion of the rich liquid droplets in the regeneration swirl chamber overcomes the limitation of gravity on them and generates intense micro-interface oscillations, greatly increasing the contact area between the rich liquid and the hot steam as well as the degree of liquid turbulence, effectively promoting the heat transfer and mixing effect. As a result, the fine bubbles in the rich liquid migrate and coalesce continuously under the action of rotational turbulence and are finally separated under the centrifugal field to complete CO2 desorption. The lean liquid flows to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510 under the action of gravity from the regeneration unit underflow port. Most of the lean liquid can flow out from the second liquid outlet 515 at the bottom of the regenerator body 510 to realize the regeneration of the absorbent liquid, and a small part of the lean liquid can flow out from the first liquid outlet 514 on the side of the regenerator body 510 and can be reheated and reused as hot vapor. The acid gas is discharged to the upper part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510 through the second gas pipe 535 and is discharged from the acid gas outlet 511 after demisting by the regenerator demister 520.

[0091] For the convenience of guiding the lean liquid, for another example Figure 6 As shown, a regeneration unit underflow pipe 536 is provided at the regeneration unit underflow port and is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510 through the regeneration unit underflow pipe 536;

[0092] To prevent the condensed absorbent liquid in the regenerator demister 520 from dripping from the upper gas outlet of the second gas pipe 535 into the regeneration swirl chamber and affecting the CO2 desorption, a shielding structure is usually provided at the upper gas outlet of the second gas pipe 535. For example: Figure 4 The "V"-shaped shielding shed as shown;

[0093] For the convenience of guiding the condensed absorbent liquid in the regenerator demister 520 to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510, for another example Figure 4 As shown, this micro-interface oscillation regenerator further includes a regenerator downcomer 540. The regenerator downcomer 540 is arranged in the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510 and is between two adjacent oscillation regeneration units 530. Usually, multiple vertical regenerator downcomers 540 can be provided according to the size of the regenerator and actual needs. The upper liquid inlet of the regenerator downcomer 540 corresponds to the air inlet side of the regenerator demister 520, and the lower liquid outlet of the regenerator downcomer 540 is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510;

[0094] For the convenience of the hot vapor flowing in the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510, for another example Figure 4 As shown, the micro-interface oscillation regenerator also includes a vent pipe 550, which is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510 and located below the regenerator demister 520; multiple vent pipes 550 can usually be provided according to the size of the regenerator and actual needs.

[0095] Preferably, the column-to-cone ratio of the regeneration vortex-forming cavity is controlled at 2 to 3:1. The column-to-cone ratio of the regeneration vortex-forming cavity refers to the height ratio of the second columnar cavity 531 to the second conical cavity 532. When the column-to-cone ratio is within this range, the second columnar cavity 531 is longer, which allows for sufficient mass transfer between the hot vapor and the rich liquid. The second conical cavity 532 is shorter, which allows for a faster outflow rate of the lean liquid from the regeneration vortex-forming cavity, thereby enabling the oscillating regeneration unit 530 to achieve a better CO2 desorption effect.

[0096] The second degassing tube 535 extends into the regeneration vortex chamber to a depth of 1 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the height of the second columnar cavity 531, and the inner diameter of the second degassing tube 535 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the second columnar cavity 531; in this way, it can be ensured that the acid gas in the regeneration vortex chamber can be smoothly discharged, while basically not affecting the interaction between the rich liquid and the hot vapor.

[0097] Preferably, the cone angle of the second cone cavity 532 is controlled to be 20° to 30°. This ensures that the flow rate of the lean liquid out of the regeneration vortex cavity reaches a better state, which indirectly improves the desorption effect of CO2.

[0098] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also provides a carbon capture and regeneration system with low energy consumption, including a raw gas blower 100, a CO2 absorber 200, a rich liquid pump 310, a lean liquid pump 320, a first heat exchanger 410, a second heat exchanger 420, and an absorbent regenerator 500; the CO2 absorber 200 is the micro-interface oscillation absorber described above, and the absorbent regenerator 500 is the micro-interface oscillation regenerator described above.

[0099] The outlet of the raw material gas blower 100 is connected to the raw material gas inlet 212 of the micro-interface oscillation absorber;

[0100] The absorber outlet 214 of the micro-interface oscillation absorber is connected to the inlet of the rich liquid pump 310, the outlet of the rich liquid pump 310 is connected to the medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 410, and the medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 410 is connected to the regenerator inlet 513 of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator.

[0101] The first liquid outlet 514 of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the second heat exchanger 420, the heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger 420 is connected to the regenerator air inlet 512 of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator, the medium inlet of the second heat exchanger 420 is connected to the medium outlet of the hot medium source, and the medium outlet of the second heat exchanger 420 is connected to the medium inlet of the cold medium source.

[0102] The second outlet 515 of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger 410, the heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger 410 is connected to the inlet of the lean liquid pump 320, and the outlet of the lean liquid pump 320 is connected to the absorber inlet 213 of the micro-interface oscillation absorber.

[0103] Among them, the raw material gas blower 100 is mainly used to transport raw material gas. It is usually necessary to ensure that the flow rate of the raw material gas reaches a certain level so that it can form a swirling flow after entering the absorption swirling chamber.

[0104] The CO2 absorber 200 is mainly used to capture CO2 in the raw gas.

[0105] The rich solution pump 310 is mainly used to transport the rich solution into the absorbent regenerator 500; the lean solution pump 320 is mainly used to transport the lean solution into the CO2 absorber 200.

[0106] The first heat exchanger 410 is mainly used to heat the rich liquid by utilizing the residual heat of the lean liquid flowing out of the second outlet 515 of the regenerator before the rich liquid flows into the micro-interface oscillating regenerator from the regenerator inlet 513, so as to increase the temperature of the rich liquid, avoid wasting heat energy, and facilitate the desorption of CO2.

[0107] The second heat exchanger 420 is mainly used to heat the aqueous phase in the lean liquid flowing out of the first outlet 514 of the regenerator into hot steam through an external heat source, so as to facilitate heat transfer and desorption of CO2 with the rich liquid.

[0108] The first heat exchanger 410 and the second heat exchanger 420 can have various structures, such as mainly consisting of two symmetrically arranged heat exchange plates, with a heat exchange channel between the two heat exchange plates. The heat exchange channel can have various structures such as "M", "V", and "S".

[0109] A heat source is mainly used to provide heat, such as steam; a cold source is mainly used to store the cold medium formed after the heat source has cooled down, such as condensate.

[0110] The absorbent regenerator 500 is mainly used to desorb CO2 from the rich liquid and regenerate the rich liquid into an absorbent that can absorb CO2 again.

[0111] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, the working principle of the above carbon capture and regeneration system is as follows:

[0112] The raw gas is fed into the CO2 absorber 200 by the raw gas blower 100, and a strong gas phase swirling flow field is generated in the oscillating absorption unit 230. At the same time, under the conveying action of the lean liquid pump 320, the high-temperature (compared to the rich liquid) lean liquid flowing out from the second outlet 515 of the regenerator exchanges heat with the low-temperature (compared to the lean liquid) rich liquid flowing out from the absorber outlet 214 when it flows through the first heat exchanger 410. Then, it enters the CO2 absorber 200 from the absorber inlet 213 and is radially sprayed into the absorption swirling chamber from the absorption spray hole 234 to absorb CO2 and form rich liquid. The rich liquid flows out from the absorber outlet 214 under the action of gravity. The raw gas after CO2 absorption is formed into purified gas and is discharged from the purified gas outlet 211.

[0113] Under the transport action of the rich liquid pump 310, the low-temperature rich liquid flowing out of the absorber outlet 214 exchanges heat with the high-temperature lean liquid flowing out of the regenerator second outlet 515 when it flows through the first heat exchanger 410. Then, it enters the absorbent regenerator 500 from the regenerator inlet 513 and is radially sprayed into the regeneration swirl chamber from the regeneration spray hole 534. At the same time, the aqueous phase of the lean liquid flowing out of the regenerator first outlet 514 exchanges heat with the heat medium output from the heat medium source when it flows through the second heat exchanger 420, and becomes hot steam, which then flows out of the regenerator air inlet 514. 12 enters the regeneration vortex chamber of the oscillating regeneration unit 530 and undergoes heat and mass transfer with the injected rich liquid, desorbing CO2 and forming a lean liquid. The lean liquid flows from the bottom outlet of the regeneration unit to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510 under the action of gravity. Most of the lean liquid can flow out from the second outlet 515 of the regenerator body 510 at the bottom, realizing the regeneration of the absorbent. A small part of the lean liquid (i.e., the aqueous phase part of the lean liquid) can flow out from the first outlet 514 of the regenerator body 510 on the side. The desorbed CO2 is acid gas and is discharged from the acid gas outlet 511.

[0114] Compared to traditional packed absorber towers, the carbon capture and regeneration system described above has an absorption efficiency of over 98% for CO2 in flue gas and can reduce the consumption of absorbent liquid by about 80%.

[0115] Preferred, for example Figure 7 As shown, the carbon capture and regeneration system also includes a first condenser 610, a second condenser 620, a first separator 710, a second separator 720, and a filter 800;

[0116] The purified gas outlet 211 of the micro-interface oscillating absorber is connected to the tangential inlet of the first separator 710, and the bottom liquid outlet of the first separator 710 is connected to the liquid inlet of the rich liquid pump 310. The first separator 710 is mainly used to further separate the purified gas discharged from the purified gas outlet 211 into gas and liquid, so as to reduce the loss of absorbent and reduce environmental pollution. The first separator 710 can be of various types, preferably a micro-cyclone separator.

[0117] The acid gas outlet 511 of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the tangential inlet of the second separator 720 via the first condenser 610. The bottom liquid outlet of the second separator 720 is connected to the liquid inlet of the lean liquid pump 320. The liquid outlet of the lean liquid pump 320 is connected to the absorber inlet 213 of the micro-interface oscillation absorber via the second condenser 620. The first condenser 610 is mainly used to reduce the temperature of the acid gas discharged from the acid gas outlet 511 to facilitate gas-liquid separation. The second separator 720 is mainly used to further separate the acid gas into gas and liquid to reduce the loss of absorbent and facilitate the utilization and storage of CO2. The second separator 720 can be of various types, preferably a micro-cyclone separator. The second condenser 620 is mainly used to reduce the temperature of the lean liquid to facilitate its absorption of CO2.

[0118] The filter 800 is connected in parallel on the pipe between the second condenser 620 and the absorber inlet 213. The filter 800 is mainly used to remove impurities from the lean liquid before it flows into the absorber inlet 213, so as to ensure the continuous and effective operation of the entire system. The filter 800 can be of various types, preferably an activated carbon filter with good filtration effect and low cost.

[0119] The present invention also provides a carbon capture and regeneration method, which uses the above-described carbon capture and regeneration system to capture CO2 and regenerate the absorbent.

[0120] Preferably, the above-described carbon capture and regeneration method includes an equipment control step, which includes:

[0121] The operating temperature of the micro-interface oscillation absorber is controlled to be no more than 40℃, the operating pressure is 20 kPa~6 MPa, and the gas-liquid ratio is 150~300:1;

[0122] The operating temperature of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is controlled at 110℃~150℃, the operating pressure is 1 Kpa~100Kpa, the gas-liquid ratio is 50~100:1, the temperature of the lean liquid flowing out of the second outlet 515 of the regenerator is 110℃~120℃, and the temperature of the rich liquid flowing into the inlet 513 of the regenerator is 90℃~100℃.

[0123] This carbon capture and regeneration method, by effectively controlling the operating parameters of the micro-interface oscillating absorber and the micro-interface oscillating regenerator, not only further improves the efficiency of CO2 capture and absorbent regeneration, but also ensures long-term stable operation of the system and extends the service life of each device in the carbon capture and regeneration system. Compared with traditional packed-bed absorption processes, this method can reduce absorbent loss by more than 70% and energy consumption by more than 40%.

[0124] Example 1

[0125] In the decarbonization and regeneration process of a 10,000-ton / day natural gas liquefaction unit, the CO2 removal from natural gas and the efficient regeneration of the absorbent liquid according to the carbon capture and regeneration method provided by this invention are as follows:

[0126] (1) Material properties and related parameters

[0127] Natural gas is used as the feedstock, and its main components and volume percentages are: methane 94.0%, nitrogen 1.5%, and carbon dioxide 4.5%. The micro-interface oscillation absorber is designed with a temperature of 120℃, a pressure of 5.0 MPa, and a gas-liquid ratio of 300:1. The micro-interface oscillation regenerator is designed with a temperature of 200℃, a pressure of 0.1 MPa, and a gas-liquid ratio of 80:1.

[0128] (2) Dimensions and structure of micro-interface oscillation absorber and micro-interface oscillation regenerator

[0129] Micro-interface oscillation absorber: Its absorber body 210 is a cylindrical pressure vessel made of 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 16 mm; the inner diameter of the absorber body 210 is DN600, and the tangent elevation is 2885 mm; eight sets of oscillation absorption units 230 connected in pairs are arranged in the inner cavity of the absorber body 210, the height of the oscillation absorption unit 230 is 850 mm, and the column-cone ratio of the absorption vortex cavity is 2.35; each oscillation absorption unit 230 is provided with 10 rows of first spray structures, each row of first spray structures includes 12 absorption spray holes 234, for a total of 120 absorption spray holes 234, and the diameter of the absorption spray holes 234 is 1 mm; three support plates for fixing and isolation are arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210, and the oscillation absorption unit 230 passes through the three support plates, which are made of 304SS stainless steel with a thickness of 10 mm. mm; the absorber body 210 has two absorber downcomers 240 that pass through three support plates in its inner cavity. The absorber downcomers 240 have a diameter of 79 mm and are made of S30408 ​​stainless steel; the absorber demister 220 is a baffle plate demister with a corrugation of 100°, a plate spacing of 15 mm, and is made of 316L stainless steel.

[0130] Micro-interface oscillation regenerator: Its regenerator body 510 is a cylindrical pressure vessel made of 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 16 mm; the inner diameter of the regenerator body 510 is DN600, and the tangent elevation is 2885 mm; five sets of oscillation regeneration units 530 connected in series are arranged in the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510, and the specifications and materials of the oscillation regeneration units 530 are the same as those of the oscillation absorption units 230; three support plates for fixing and isolation are arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510, and the oscillation regeneration units 530 pass through the three support plates. The support plates are made of 304SS stainless steel with a thickness of 10 mm; two regenerator downcomers 540 passing through the three support plates and four vent pipes 550 are arranged in the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510. The diameter of the regenerator downcomer 540 is 79 mm, and the material is S30408 ​​stainless steel; the diameter of the vent pipes 550 is 120 mm, and the length is 600 mm. mm, material is S30408 ​​stainless steel; the regenerator demister 520 adopts a baffle plate type demister with a corrugation arc of 100°, a plate spacing of 15mm, and material is 316L stainless steel.

[0131] (3) Specific process

[0132] The operating pressure of the micro-interface oscillating absorber was maintained at 4.0 MPa, with the feed gas at a feed temperature of 30°C, a feed pressure of 4.2 MPa, and a feed concentration of 417 Nm³. 3 A flow rate of / h is fed into the micro-interface oscillating absorber; the absorbent is a monoethanolamine (MEA) solution, and the feed pressure is 4.2 MPa with a flow rate of 1.5 m. 3 A flow rate of [value missing] / h is fed into the micro-interface oscillating absorber. The gas and liquid phases react fully in the oscillating absorption unit 230. CO2 is absorbed by the absorbent, and the purified feed gas passes sequentially through the absorber demister 220 and the first separator 710 for gas-liquid separation. After online analysis and meeting the standards, it is discharged into the atmosphere. Simultaneously, the rich liquid enters the first heat exchanger 410, where it is preheated to approximately 95°C by the 120°C regenerated lean liquid, and then fed at a feed pressure of 0.2 MPa and a flow rate of 1.5 m [value missing]. 3 A flow rate of / h is injected into the micro-interface oscillating regenerator, which is maintained at an operating pressure of 0.02 MPa, and enters the oscillating regeneration unit 530 together with hot steam. Through heat and mass transfer, CO2 is desorbed from the rich liquid and transferred to the steam, thereby completing the regeneration of the absorbent.

[0133] (4) Results Analysis

[0134] According to the carbon capture and regeneration method provided by this invention, CO2 removal from natural gas reduces the CO2 volume fraction in natural gas from 4.5% to 23 ppm, with a capture efficiency of up to 95%. Compared with traditional packed absorption processes, this method reduces absorbent loss by 80% and energy consumption by 40%. It also features a high gas-liquid ratio, and the equipment height is much lower than that of traditional plate towers, facilitating equipment maintenance and reducing manufacturing and operating costs.

[0135] Example 2

[0136] In a 50,000-ton / year flue gas carbon dioxide cyclone absorption and regeneration process, the CO2 removal from the flue gas and the efficient regeneration of the absorbent liquid according to the carbon capture and regeneration method provided by this invention are as follows:

[0137] (1) Material properties and related parameters

[0138] Flue gas is used as the feed gas, with a CO2 volume percentage of 12%. The micro-interface oscillating absorber is designed with a temperature of 100℃, a pressure of 50 kPa, and a gas-liquid ratio of 200:1. The micro-interface oscillating regenerator is designed with a temperature of 200℃, a pressure of 150 kPa, and a gas-liquid ratio of 70:1.

[0139] (2) Dimensions and structure of micro-interface oscillation absorber and micro-interface oscillation regenerator

[0140] Micro-interface oscillation absorber: Its absorber body 210 is a cylindrical pressure vessel made of 304SS stainless steel with a thickness of 10 mm; the inner diameter of the absorber body 210 is DN3200, and the tangent elevation is 8700 mm; ten sets of parallel oscillation absorption units 230 are arranged in the inner cavity of the absorber body 210, the height of the oscillation absorption unit 230 is 2500 mm, and the column-cone ratio of the absorption vortex cavity is 2.5; each oscillation absorption unit 230 is provided with 18 rows of first spray structures, each row of first spray structures includes 15 absorption spray holes 234, totaling 270 absorption spray holes 234, the diameter of the absorption spray holes 234 is 0.8 mm; three support plates for fixing and isolation are arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the absorber body 210, and the oscillation absorption unit 230 passes through the three support plates, the support plates are made of 304SS stainless steel with a thickness of 15 mm. mm; the absorber body 210 has three absorber downcomers 240 that pass through three support plates in its inner cavity. The absorber downcomers 240 have a diameter of 90 mm and are made of S30408 ​​stainless steel; the absorber demister 220 uses a wire mesh demister and wire mesh module with a diameter of 1 mm, both of which are made of 304SS stainless steel.

[0141] Micro-interface oscillation regenerator: Its regenerator body 510 is a cylindrical pressure vessel made of 304SS stainless steel with a thickness of 10 mm; the inner diameter of the regenerator body 510 is DN1800, and the tangent elevation is 5900 mm; five sets of oscillation regeneration units 530 connected in series are arranged in the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510, and the specifications and materials of the oscillation regeneration units 530 are the same as those of the oscillation absorption units 230; three support plates for fixing and isolation are arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510, and the oscillation regeneration units 530 pass through the three support plates. The support plates are made of 304SS stainless steel with a thickness of 15 mm; three regenerator downcomers 540 passing through the three support plates and five vent pipes 550 are arranged in the inner cavity of the regenerator body 510. The diameter of the regenerator downcomers 540 is 90 mm, and the material is S30408 ​​stainless steel; the diameter of the vent pipes 550 is 325 mm, and the length is 830 mm. mm, the material is S30408 ​​stainless steel; the regenerator demister 520 uses a wire mesh demister and wire mesh module with a diameter of 1 mm, both of which are made of 304SS stainless steel.

[0142] (3) Specific process

[0143] The operating pressure of the micro-interface oscillating absorber was maintained at 30 kPa, with the feed gas at a feed temperature of 40°C, a feed pressure of 50 kPa, and a feed concentration of 29465 Nm. 3 A flow rate of / h is fed into the micro-interface oscillating absorber; the absorbent is an amino-functionalized ionic liquid, and the feed pressure is 250 kPa, with a flow rate of 150 m... 3 A flow rate of [flow rate] / h is fed into the micro-interface oscillating absorber. The gas and liquid phases react fully in the oscillating absorption unit 230. CO2 is absorbed by the absorbent, and the purified feed gas passes sequentially through the absorber demister 220 and the first separator 710 for gas-liquid separation. After online analysis and meeting the standards, it is discharged into the atmosphere. Simultaneously, the rich liquid enters the first heat exchanger 410, where it is preheated to approximately 90°C by the 120°C regenerated lean liquid, and then fed at a feed pressure of 250 kPa and a flow rate of 150 m³ / h. 3 A flow rate of / h is injected into a micro-interface oscillating regenerator maintained at an operating pressure of 100 kPa, and enters the oscillating regeneration unit 530 together with hot steam. Through heat and mass transfer, CO2 is desorbed from the rich liquid and transferred to the steam, thereby completing the regeneration of the absorbent.

[0144] (4) Results Analysis

[0145] According to the carbon capture and regeneration method provided by this invention, CO2 is removed from flue gas, reducing the CO2 content in the flue gas from 12% to 1%, with a capture efficiency as high as 92%. Compared with the traditional packed absorption process, this method reduces absorbent loss by 70% and energy consumption by 40%; at the same time, it also has a high gas-liquid ratio, and the equipment height is much lower than that of traditional plate towers, which facilitates equipment maintenance and reduces equipment investment by 70%.

Claims

1. A micro-interface oscillation absorber, characterized in that: It includes an absorber body (210), an absorber demister (220), an oscillating absorption unit (230), and an absorber downcomer (240). The absorber body (210) is provided with a purified gas outlet (211) at the top, a raw material gas inlet (212) and an absorber liquid inlet (213) on its side, and an absorber liquid outlet (214) at its bottom. The absorber demisting device (220) is installed in the inner cavity of the absorber body (210), and its outlet side corresponds to the purified gas outlet (211). The oscillation absorption unit (230) is disposed in the inner cavity of the absorber body (210) and is located below the absorber demisting device (220); there are at least two oscillation absorption units (230), which are evenly distributed around the center line of the absorber body (210). The oscillation absorption unit (230) includes a vertically arranged absorption unit body. The absorption unit body is a cylindrical structure with the upper end closed. The inner cavity of the absorption unit body is an absorption swirl cavity. The absorption swirl cavity is composed of a first columnar cavity (231) and a first conical cavity (232) that are connected vertically. The column-to-cone ratio of the absorption swirl cavity is 2 to 3:

1. The absorption unit body has an absorption unit air inlet (233) on its side wall. The flow direction of the absorption unit air inlet (233) is tangent to the absorption vortex chamber and is connected to the raw material gas inlet (212). At least two first spray structures are provided on the side wall of the main body of the absorption unit below the air inlet (233) of the absorption unit. The first spray structure includes at least two absorption spray holes (234) evenly distributed along the circumference of the main body of the absorption unit. Each absorption spray hole (234) is connected to the liquid inlet (213) of the absorber. The absorption unit body is provided with a first degassing pipe (235) along its center line. The upper end of the first degassing pipe (235) is opposite to the air inlet side of the absorber demisting device (220). The lower end of the first degassing pipe (235) is inserted into the absorption swirling cavity from the central part of the upper end of the absorption unit body and extends to the lower side of all the absorption spray holes (234). The depth of the first degassing pipe (235) into the absorption swirling cavity is 1 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the height of the first columnar cavity (231). The inner diameter of the first degassing pipe (235) is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the first columnar cavity (231). The lower opening of the first conical cavity (232) is the underflow port of the absorption unit. An underflow pipe (236) of the absorption unit is provided on the underflow port of the absorption unit. The underflow port of the absorption unit is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body (210) through the underflow pipe (236). The cone angle of the first conical cavity (232) is 20° to 30°. The absorber downcomer (240) is located in the inner cavity of the absorber body (210) and between two adjacent oscillating absorption units (230). Its upper liquid inlet corresponds to the air inlet side of the absorber demisting device (220), and its lower liquid outlet is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the absorber body (210).

2. A micro-interface oscillation regenerator, characterized in that: It includes a regenerator body (510), a regenerator demister (520), an oscillating regeneration unit (530), a regenerator downcomer (540), and a vent pipe (550). The top of the regenerator body (510) is provided with an acid gas outlet (511), the side is provided with a regenerator air inlet (512), a regenerator liquid inlet (513) and a regenerator first liquid outlet (514), and the bottom is provided with a regenerator second liquid outlet (515). The regenerator demister (520) is located in the inner cavity of the regenerator body (510), and its outlet side corresponds to the acid gas outlet (511). The oscillation regeneration unit (530) is disposed in the inner cavity of the regenerator body (510) and is located below the regenerator demister (520); there are at least two oscillation regeneration units (530), which are evenly distributed around the center line of the regenerator body (510). The oscillation regeneration unit (530) includes a vertically arranged regeneration unit body. The regeneration unit body is a cylindrical structure with the upper end closed. The inner cavity of the regeneration unit body is a regeneration vortex cavity. The regeneration vortex cavity is composed of a second columnar cavity (531) and a second conical cavity (532) that are connected vertically. The column-to-cone ratio of the regeneration vortex cavity is 2 to 3:

1. The side wall of the main body of the regeneration unit is provided with a regeneration unit air inlet (533), and the flow direction of the regeneration unit air inlet (533) is tangent to the regeneration vortex cavity and connected to the regenerator air inlet (512). At least two second liquid spraying structures are provided on the side wall of the main body of the regeneration unit below the air inlet (533) of the regeneration unit. The second liquid spraying structure includes at least two regeneration liquid spraying holes (534) evenly distributed along the circumference of the main body of the regeneration unit. Each regeneration liquid spraying hole (534) is connected to the liquid inlet (513) of the regenerator. A second degassing pipe (535) is provided on the main body of the regeneration unit along its center line. The upper end of the second degassing pipe (535) is opposite to the air inlet side of the regenerator demister (520). The lower end of the air inlet passes through the central part of the upper end of the regeneration unit body into the regeneration vortex chamber and extends to the lower side of all the regeneration spray holes (534). The depth of the second degassing pipe (535) extending into the regeneration vortex chamber is 1 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the height of the second columnar cavity (531). The inner diameter of the second degassing pipe (535) is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the second columnar cavity (531). The lower opening of the second conical cavity (532) is the underflow port of the regeneration unit. The underflow port of the regeneration unit is provided with a regeneration unit underflow pipe (536). The underflow port of the regeneration unit is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body (510) through the regeneration unit underflow pipe (536). The cone angle of the second conical cavity (532) is 20° to 30°. The regenerator downcomer (540) is located in the inner cavity of the regenerator body (510) and between two adjacent oscillating regeneration units (530). Its upper liquid inlet corresponds to the air inlet side of the regenerator demister (520), and its lower liquid outlet is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the regenerator body (510). The vent pipe (550) is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the regenerator body (510) and is located below the regenerator demisting device (520).

3. A carbon capture and regeneration system, comprising a feed gas blower (100), a CO2 absorber (200), a rich liquor pump (310), a lean liquor pump (320), a first heat exchanger (410), a second heat exchanger (420), and an absorbent regenerator (500); characterized in that: The CO2 absorber (200) is the micro-interface oscillation absorber according to claim 1, and the absorbent regenerator (500) is the micro-interface oscillation regenerator according to claim 2. The outlet of the raw material gas blower (100) is connected to the raw material gas inlet (212) of the micro-interface oscillation absorber; The absorber outlet (214) of the micro-interface oscillation absorber is connected to the inlet of the rich liquid pump (310), the outlet of the rich liquid pump (310) is connected to the medium inlet of the first heat exchanger (410), and the medium outlet of the first heat exchanger (410) is connected to the regenerator inlet (513) of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator. The first liquid outlet (514) of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the second heat exchanger (420), the heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger (420) is connected to the regenerator air inlet (512) of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator, the medium inlet of the second heat exchanger (420) is connected to the medium outlet of the hot medium source, and the medium outlet of the second heat exchanger (420) is connected to the medium inlet of the cold medium source. The second outlet (515) of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger (410), the heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger (410) is connected to the inlet of the lean liquid pump (320), and the outlet of the lean liquid pump (320) is connected to the absorber inlet (213) of the micro-interface oscillation absorber.

4. The carbon capture and regeneration system according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a first condenser (610), a second condenser (620), a first separator (710), a second separator (720), and a filter (800); The purified gas outlet (211) of the micro-interface oscillation absorber is connected to the tangential air inlet of the first separator (710), and the bottom liquid outlet of the first separator (710) is connected to the liquid inlet of the rich liquid pump (310). The acid gas outlet (511) of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is connected to the tangential inlet of the second separator (720) through the first condenser (610). The bottom liquid outlet of the second separator (720) is connected to the liquid inlet of the lean liquid pump (320). The liquid outlet of the lean liquid pump (320) is connected to the absorber inlet (213) of the micro-interface oscillation absorber through the second condenser (620). The filter (800) is connected in parallel on the pipe between the second condenser (620) and the absorber inlet (213).

5. A method for carbon capture and regeneration, characterized in that: This method uses the carbon capture and regeneration system described in claim 3 or 4 to capture CO2 and regenerate the absorbent.

6. The carbon capture and regeneration method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The equipment control steps include: The operating temperature of the micro-interface oscillation absorber is controlled to be no more than 40℃, the operating pressure is 20 kPa~6 MPa, and the gas-liquid ratio is 150~300:1; The operating temperature of the micro-interface oscillation regenerator is controlled at 110℃~150℃, the operating pressure is 1 kPa~100 kPa, the gas-liquid ratio is 50~100:1, the temperature of the lean liquid flowing out of the second outlet (515) of the regenerator is 110℃~120℃, and the temperature of the rich liquid flowing into the inlet (513) of the regenerator is 90℃~100℃.

Images