Bulk solid waste gasification melting furnace and gasification melting method

Abstract

The present application discloses a bulk solid waste gasification melting furnace and a gasification melting method. The gasification reaction tower is provided with a uniform material device, an additive inlet, a raw material inlet and a fuel gas outlet, and is fixed with a gasification air gun and a melting air gun. The upper melting pool is placed in the lower melting pool and is located below the outlet of the gasification reaction tower. The lower melting pool is provided with a molten slag conditioning gun, a melting pool air gun, a slag discharge port and a matte discharge port. The solid waste is sent into the gasification reaction tower, and the additive is sprayed into the primary slag component adjusting furnace. The gasification air gun sprays oxygen and saturated water vapor into the gasification reaction tower to have a gasification reaction with semi-coke. The residual semi-coke and slag are gasified, burned, softened and melted by the flame of the melting air gun, and then flow into the upper melting pool and overflow to the lower melting pool. The molten slag conditioning gun sprays a conditioning agent into the lower melting pool to secondarily adjust the slag component, and the molten slag conditioning gun blows oxygen to secondarily melt the slag. The flue gas of the lower melting pool enters the gasification reaction tower upward. The hot dirty fuel gas is discharged from the fuel gas outlet. The present application realizes clean production of fuel gas from bulk solid waste.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a solid waste environmental protection disposal technology, in particular to a large solid waste gasification melting furnace and a gasification melting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Climate change is a global problem faced by mankind. In the perspective of carbon neutralization, the power, metallurgy, chemical industry, ceramics, building materials and other industries are exploring the production of fuel gas through general solid waste such as biomass, sludge, household garbage, industrial garbage and hazardous waste gasification technology, coupling with boiler, kiln clean combustion or based on clean gas extraction hydrogen, synthesis of alcohol oil and other deep processing, actively carrying out research on carbon emission reduction path of each industry, and obtaining the current industrial policy support.

[0003] At the same time, in order to cope with the key tasks of industrial layout agglomeration, low-carbon utilization, advanced technology and equipment, innovative mode and mechanism, standardized operation and management, the comprehensive disposal technology of large solid waste needs to meet the following requirements: (1) large-scale equipment to realize the industrial agglomeration and linkage effect of the base; (2) to realize the substitution of natural mineral resources and the synergistic effect of carbon reduction through comprehensive utilization of large solid waste; (3) to strengthen and promote the research and development and industrialization application of advanced technology and equipment; (4) to realize the collaborative disposal of multi-industry and multi-species solid waste, and to form replicable and popularized comprehensive utilization technology of large solid waste; (5) to strengthen the level of clean production and end-of-pipe disposal of large solid waste.

[0004] Large solid waste mainly includes household garbage, industrial garbage, sludge, coal gangue, fly ash, tailings (co-produced minerals), smelting slag, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste, crop straw, landfill soil (mineralized garbage in landfill), and other ordinary solid waste. In addition, there are medical waste and hazardous waste. The current disposal technology mainly includes landfill, composting and incineration technology, but there are the following shortcomings: (1) landfill occupies a large amount of land; (2) composting has a small processing capacity and is only suitable for organic, easily degradable and low heavy metal content solid waste; (3) the cost of controlling dioxin in solid waste incineration is high, and the unburned, heavy metal containing, dioxin emitting and odor emitting fly ash needs secondary disposal.

[0005] Solid waste gasification melting technology is a new type of solid waste resource utilization and heat utilization technology. The reducing atmosphere in the furnace can inhibit the generation of dioxin, the produced fuel gas has wide application, can be used as kiln fuel and chemical raw material, the metal can be recycled, and the molten slag can be used as building material raw material, such as producing artificial stone, rock wool and water quenching glass body, and the resource utilization efficiency is high. It is considered to be the most promising technology in the field of solid waste.

[0006] However, the existing solid waste gasification furnace has the following problems: (1) Most of them use coal gas generator technology, and the oxidation layer temperature is generally lower than the slag softening temperature. When the furnace condition fluctuates, the gasification furnace will have high slag hot burning loss rate, heavy metal leaching toxicity detection exceeding standard, etc.; (2) Due to the limitation of air distribution mechanism, the furnace size is small, and the gasification furnace is difficult to realize large-scale; (3) The hot dirty gas produced has low exhaust temperature, high hydrogen chloride, tar and dust content, and the direct utilization of hot dirty gas is greatly limited, such as coupling with coal-fired boiler incineration, which not only causes boiler corrosion, but also generates chlorides, dioxins and heavy metals to pollute fly ash and flue gas, which limits its application. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to solve the problems of the structure, gasification technology and gas purification technology of the existing solid waste gasification furnace, the present application provides a large-scale solid waste gasification melting furnace and a gasification melting method, which realizes clean production and application of solid waste gas. The characteristics are as follows: (1) The solid waste gasification melting furnace can be large-scale, and the single furnace capacity can even exceed that of a large-scale incinerator, such as a single furnace capacity of 1000 tons of household garbage gasification melting furnace, and a single furnace capacity of 500 tons of multi-source solid waste gasification melting furnace; (2) The heavy metals in the slag are melted at high temperature, part of which becomes alloy, and part of which is crystallized to achieve safe detoxification; the inert components in the slag are melted at high temperature, not only the solid waste reduction rate is high, but also the molten slag can be used as building material raw material, such as production of artificial stone, rock wool and water quenching glass body, etc.; (3) The design temperature of the hot dirty gas outlet of the gasification melting furnace is greater than 500 DEG C, the hot dirty gas is treated by dechlorination and dust removal in the purification tower to become hot clean gas, which can be used as a substitute for natural gas, reducing the energy consumption cost of enterprises; (4) Multi-source solid waste can be disposed of cooperatively, and local general solid waste and hazardous waste can be solved in one station, which is one of the most suitable technologies for large-scale solid waste disposal.

[0008] The large-scale solid waste gasification melting furnace of the present application comprises a gasification reaction tower and a molten pool. The gasification reaction tower is a cylinder with an open bottom, which is fixed by a reaction tower top cover and a reaction tower wall. The reaction tower top cover is provided with a uniform material device and an additive inlet. At least one raw material inlet and at least one gas outlet are arranged on the upper part of the reaction tower wall, and the gas outlet is arranged higher than the raw material inlet. At least one gasification air gun is fixed below the raw material inlet of the reaction tower wall, and at least one melting air gun is fixed below the gasification air gun. The bottom opening of the gasification reaction tower is the reaction tower outlet. A stock bin is fixed at the raw material inlet. The gas outlet is connected with a hot dirty gas main pipe.

[0009] The molten pool is composed of an upper molten pool and a lower molten pool; the upper molten pool is composed of an upper molten pool furnace bottom and an upper molten pool furnace wall fixed on the top of the upper molten pool furnace bottom; the lower molten pool is composed of a lower molten pool furnace bottom, a lower molten pool furnace wall and a molten pool top cover; the lower molten pool furnace wall is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace bottom; the molten pool top cover is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace wall and the bottom of the outer wall of the reaction tower furnace wall of the gasification reaction tower; the upper molten pool is located in the lower molten pool and directly below the outlet of the reaction tower of the gasification reaction tower; the upper molten pool furnace bottom is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace bottom; the inner wall size of the upper molten pool furnace wall is larger than the inner wall size of the outlet of the reaction tower; and the top surface of the upper molten pool furnace wall is spaced apart from the outlet of the reaction tower.

[0010] The lower molten pool furnace wall is provided with at least one molten slag conditioning gun; one end of the molten slag conditioning gun is inserted into the inner cavity of the lower molten pool furnace wall and is arranged higher than the upper molten pool furnace wall; the other end of the molten slag conditioning gun is connected with an oxygen pipeline; the oxygen pipeline is provided with a conditioning agent interface; the lower molten pool furnace wall is provided with at least one molten pool air gun; one end of the molten pool air gun is inserted into the inner cavity of the lower molten pool furnace wall and is arranged lower than the upper molten pool furnace wall; the oxygen interface of the molten pool air gun is connected with the oxygen pipeline; the gas interface of the molten pool air gun is connected with a gas branch pipeline; and the gas interface of the molten pool air gun is provided with a gas adjusting valve; the lower molten pool furnace wall is provided with at least one slag discharge port and at least one molten lead discharge port.

[0011] Preferably, the feed inlet of the stock bin is connected with the discharge port of a solid waste closed type feeding device; the solid waste closed type feeding device is selected from one or a combination of hydraulic push rod feeding devices, double bell feeding devices, screw extrusion feeding devices and sealing valves; when the combination of several is adopted, the combination includes transfer machines between the devices.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the gasification air gun is inserted into the inner cavity of the reaction tower furnace wall; the other end of the gasification air gun is connected with an oxygen pipeline; and the oxygen pipeline is provided with a water vapor interface.

[0013] Preferably, one end of the molten air gun is inserted into the inner cavity of the reaction tower furnace wall; the oxygen interface of the molten air gun is connected with an oxygen pipeline; the gas interface of the molten air gun is connected with a gas branch pipeline; and the gas interface of the molten air gun is provided with a gas adjusting valve.

[0014] Preferably, the uniform material device is provided with a power source; and the stirring rod of the uniform material device is inserted into the gasification reaction tower.

[0015] Preferably, the gas branch pipeline is provided with a natural gas interface.

[0016] Preferably, the gas inlet of the purification tower is connected with a hot dirty gas main pipeline; the hot dirty gas main pipeline is provided with a deacidifying agent interface; the gas outlet of the purification tower is connected with the gas inlet of a gas fan through a hot clean gas main pipeline; the gas outlet of the gas fan is connected with a gas utilization unit and a gas branch pipeline through another hot clean gas main pipeline.

[0017] The bulk solid waste gasification and melting method of the present application is as follows:

[0018] The solid waste is sent into the gasification reaction tower through the material bin and the raw material inlet to form a material layer; at the same time, the auxiliary agent is sprayed from the auxiliary agent inlet arranged on the top cover of the reaction tower to adjust the components of the slag once, and the material in the gasification reaction tower is stirred uniformly by the uniform material device; in the process of moving of the material to the outlet of the gasification reaction tower, the temperature is continuously increased, the hydrogen chloride generated by dechlorination is volatilized in the upper part of the gasification melting furnace, and is discharged from the gas outlet of the gasification melting furnace; and the material is continuously dried and pyrolyzed into water vapor, volatile matter and semi-coke in the process of moving; oxygen is sprayed into the gasification reaction tower through the gasification air gun, and saturated water vapor is sprayed into the gasification reaction tower through the water vapor interface and the gasification air gun, and a gasification reaction occurs with the semi-coke to generate CO2, CH4, CO and H2, and the residual semi-coke and slag are gasified, burned, slag softened and melted by the flame sprayed into the gasification reaction tower by the melting air gun, and the molten slag (the molten slag at this time also contains a large amount of slag) flows into the upper molten pool through the outlet of the reaction tower; after the upper molten pool is filled with molten slag, it overflows into the lower molten pool; the conditioning agent is sprayed into the lower molten pool through the conditioning agent interface and the molten slag conditioning gun to adjust the components of the molten slag twice, and the molten slag is secondarily melted by oxygen blowing through the molten slag conditioning gun, and the flame is sprayed into the lower molten pool by the molten pool air gun to keep the design temperature of the molten pool at 1450±50℃, so that the solid waste is sintered and solidified; if the molten slag in the lower molten pool reaches the upper limit of the slag line design, it is intermittently or continuously discharged through the slag discharge port, and the metal at the bottom of the lower molten pool is intermittently and periodically discharged through the molten lead discharge port; the flue gas of the lower molten pool flows upward into the upper molten pool, further melts the molten slag of the upper molten pool, and enters the gasification reaction tower upward through the outlet of the reaction tower; the fuel gas generated in the gasification reaction tower flows upward for dry distillation and drying of the solid waste, and the fuel gas containing hydrogen chloride, dust and tar becomes hot dirty fuel gas, which is discharged from the gas outlet of the gasification melting furnace and flows into the hot dirty fuel gas main pipe.

[0019] The auxiliary agent comprises at least one of a reducing agent, a slag component adjusting agent and a fluxing agent; the reducing agent is crushed coal or coke; the slag component adjusting agent is limestone or quartz sand; and the fluxing agent is a mixture of one or more of soda ash, sodium fluorosilicate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, potassium carbonate, borax and dihydrogen ammonia phosphate.

[0020] The conditioning agent comprises at least one of a component adjusting agent, a color adjusting agent and a fluxing agent; the component adjusting agent is a mixture of one or more of clay, porcelain clay, magnetite, pottery clay, feldspar and quartz sand; the color adjusting agent is at least one of oxides of Li, Ti, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co and Fe, oxide-containing ore powder, industrial pigment and slag.

[0021] Preferably, for the hot dirty fuel gas transported in the hot dirty fuel gas main, the deacidifying agent is sprayed to make the acidic components into ash, the generated ash and the hot dirty fuel gas are mixed to flow into the purification tower for dust removal and deacidification, and the hot clean fuel gas and the ash are separated; the hot clean fuel gas after dust removal is sucked out of the purification tower by a fuel gas fan, and after being pressurized, part of it is sent to a fuel gas utilization unit, and the other part is sent to a melting air gun and a molten pool air gun for combustion support.

[0022] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The gasification melting furnace of the present application is designed as a countercurrent gasification, and the bed layer features that the temperature gradually increases in the continuous downward movement of the materials in the furnace, and the hydrogen chloride generated by the dechlorination of solid waste A is volatilized in the low-temperature section of the upper part of the gasification melting furnace, and is discharged from the gasification melting furnace through the fuel gas outlet, thereby reducing the corrosion of the high-temperature section of the lower part of the gasification melting furnace, and prolonging the service life of the gasification melting furnace.

[0024] 2. The gasification melting furnace of the present application circulates part of the self-produced fuel gas back into the gasification reaction tower to assist combustion, and the components such as CO2, H2O and CmHn (tar) in the backflow fuel gas participate in the secondary gasification of solid waste to generate CO and H2, thereby improving the quality of the fuel gas, and the present application is particularly suitable for the clean and safe disposal of low-calorific-value industrial organic solid waste, and saves auxiliary fuel consumption, thereby reducing the operation cost.

[0025] 3. The purification tower of the hot dirty fuel gas uses a dry deacidification and dust removal integrated device or similar technology to purify the hot dirty fuel gas, the purification tower is acid-resistant and high-temperature-resistant, the dry purification of the fuel gas does not produce waste water, and the sensible heat and tar of the hot dirty fuel gas can be fully utilized, thereby improving the energy-saving efficiency of the system.

[0026] 4. The gasification melting furnace is provided with a material uniformizing device to avoid the bed layer burning through phenomenon, and the fuel gas has a high calorific value.

[0027] 5. The gasification melting furnace of the present application sprays water vapor into the gasification reaction tower while the gasification air gun is supplying oxygen to the gasification reaction tower, so as to generate water gas reaction with the hot semi-coke in the gasification reaction tower, thereby increasing the CO and H2 components of the fuel gas, and therefore, the gasification melting furnace of the present application can be applied to the hydrogen production industry.

[0028] 6. The gasification melting furnace of the present application adopts a double molten pool structure, first melts the slag in the gasification reaction tower by the melting air gun, and then secondarily melts the slag in the upper molten pool by the molten slag conditioning gun, and the molten slag in the upper molten pool has a heat storage pool effect, which can effectively avoid the interference of the cold materials in the gasification reaction tower to the fluctuation of the molten slag level, temperature and pressure of the lower molten pool, and the furnace condition is more stable.

[0029] 7. The application is arranged with a melting air gun at the lower part of the gasification reaction tower, a molten slag conditioning gun at the upper molten pool, and a molten pool air gun at the lower molten pool, which meets the sintering and solidification of molten slag of various types of solid waste, and has a high glassification rate; especially, the melting air gun and the molten pool air gun assist the combustion of clean hot gas, the molten pool operates stably at a design temperature of 1450±50℃, and the consumption of expensive energy sources such as coke, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and finished oil is reduced;

[0030] 8. In the production of building materials such as artificial stone and rock wool, there are problems such as high investment in melting equipment, high energy consumption for melting, high consumption of natural mineral resources, and difficulty in adding and mixing conditioning agents; the bulk solid waste gasification melting furnace of the application has the functions of slag storage, conditioning, and heat preservation in the molten pool, and the molten slag is fully melted, settled, clarified, and homogenized; especially, the composition of the molten slag is adjusted once by spraying additives into the gasification reaction tower, and the composition and color of the molten slag are adjusted twice by spraying molten slag conditioning agents into the molten pool, which solves the problems of low product quality and poor market adaptability caused by factors such as large composition fluctuation and color difference in the production of artificial stone and rock wool from solid waste slag; the secondary conditioning slag discharged from the molten pool discharge port of the application can be pressed into plates, molded into shapes using molds, and used to produce rock wool, which replaces natural mineral resources, reduces carbon emissions, and improves enterprise economic benefits;

[0031] 9. The gasification melting furnace of the application is arranged with a gasification air gun in the gasification reaction tower to form a reducing atmosphere in the gasification reaction tower; a melting air gun is arranged at the lower part of the gasification reaction tower to melt the slag once, a molten slag conditioning gun is arranged at the upper molten pool to melt the slag twice, and a molten pool air gun is arranged at the lower molten pool, so that the slag is fully mixed and melted; the heavy metals in the solid waste are converted into elemental alloys through reduction reaction and are separated by crystallization and settlement in the molten pool to form a slag layer and a metal liquid layer, so that the gasification melting furnace of the application can be applied to the metallurgical industry;

[0032] 10. The hot dirty gas generated by the gasification melting furnace of the application is beneficial to the corrosion resistance and dioxin inhibition of the downstream gas heat utilization unit after dust removal and dechlorination in the purification tower, which is a clean gas production technology; especially, the bulk solid waste clean gas production technology of the application is coupled with the coal-fired boiler production technology, and the application of hot clean gas does not pollute the fly ash, which not only can absorb a large amount of local solid waste to improve enterprise efficiency, but also meets the current urgent needs of carbon emission reduction in China. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bulk solid waste gasification melting furnace in Example One of the application.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bulk solid waste gasification melting furnace in Example Two of the application.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Gasification reaction tower; 2. Reactor tower top cover; 3. Additive inlet; 4. Silo; 5. Raw material inlet; 6. Reactor tower furnace wall; 7. Gasification air gun; 8. Melting air gun; 9. Slag conditioning gun; 10. Upper molten pool furnace wall; 11. Upper molten pool; 12. Upper molten pool furnace bottom; 13. Lower molten pool furnace bottom; 14. Reactor tower outlet; 15. Lower molten pool; 16. Matte discharge port; 17. Slag discharge port; 18. Lower molten pool furnace wall. 19. Molten pool air gun; 20. Molten pool top cover; 21. Homogenizing device; 22. Gas outlet; 23. Oxygen pipeline; 24. Oxygen supply device; 25. Gas blower; 26. Gas branch pipe; 27. Gas utilization unit; 28. Heat-cleaned gas main pipe; 29. ​​Purification tower; 30. Heat-dirty gas main pipe; A. Solid waste; B. Additives; C. Water vapor; D. Conditioning agent; E. Deacidifying agent; F. Ash; G. Natural gas. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention is a bulk solid waste gasification and melting furnace that can utilize bulk solid waste for fuel gas production, including a gasification reaction tower 1 and a melting pool. The gasification reaction tower 1 is a cylindrical body with a bottom opening, formed by fixing a reaction tower top cover 2 and a reaction tower furnace wall 6. The top cover 2 of the reaction tower is equipped with a material leveling device 21 and has an auxiliary agent inlet 3. The furnace wall 6 of the reaction tower can be a hollow cylindrical or square column, or it can adopt a variable cross-section design. At least one raw material inlet 5 and at least one gas outlet 22 are opened on the upper part of the furnace wall 6, wherein the gas outlet 22 is arranged higher than the raw material inlet 5. At least one gasification air gun 7 is fixed below the raw material inlet 5 of the reaction tower furnace wall 6 (when there are multiple gasification air guns 7, they are evenly distributed along the circumference), and at least one melting air gun 8 is fixed below the gasification air gun 7 of the reaction tower furnace wall 6 (when there are multiple melting air guns 8, they are evenly distributed along the circumference). The bottom opening of the gasification reaction tower 1 is the reaction tower outlet 14. A silo 4 is fixed at the raw material inlet 5. Solid waste A can be sealed and fed into the silo 4, and enter the gasification reaction tower 1 through the raw material inlet 5 to achieve sealed entry of solid waste raw material into the furnace, forming a material layer and being stably gasified above the gasification air gun 7. The gas outlet 22 is connected to the hot gas main pipe 30.

[0039] Specifically, the gasification melting furnace of the present invention can be classified as a counter-current gasification melting furnace based on the movement characteristics of solid waste A moving downward and gas moving upward in the opposite direction within the gasification reaction tower 1. As solid waste A moves downward continuously within the gasification melting furnace, the temperature continuously increases. The hydrogen chloride generated by the dechlorination of solid waste A volatilizes in the upper low-temperature section of the gasification melting furnace and is discharged from the gas outlet 22, reducing corrosion to the lower high-temperature section of the gasification melting furnace and extending the service life of the gasification melting furnace.

[0040] Specifically, the feed inlet of the bunker 4 is connected to the discharge port of the solid waste airtight feeding device, which is selected from one or a combination of hydraulic push rod feeding device, double-bell feeding device, screw extrusion feeding device and sealing valve.

[0041] Specifically, one end of the gasification lance 7 is inserted into the cavity of the reaction tower furnace wall 6, and the other end is connected to the oxygen pipeline 23, which is provided with a water vapor interface; oxygen is blown into the gasification reaction tower 1 through the oxygen pipeline 23 and the gasification lance 7, so as to generate CO2, CH4, CO and H2 and other fuel gas components and slag from the solid waste A; further, the gasification lance 7 blows oxygen into the gasification reaction tower 1, and at the same time, water vapor C is sprayed into the gasification reaction tower 1 through the water vapor interface and the gasification lance 7 to generate water gas reaction with the hot semi-coke in the gasification reaction tower 1, thereby increasing the CO and H2 components of the fuel gas; therefore, the gasification melting furnace can be applied to the hydrogen production industry.

[0042] Specifically, one end of the gasification lance 7 is inserted into the cavity of the reaction tower furnace wall 6; the oxygen interface of the gasification lance 8 is connected to the oxygen pipeline 23, and the fuel gas interface of the gasification lance 8 is connected to the fuel gas branch pipe 26; and the fuel gas interface of the gasification lance 8 is provided with a fuel gas regulating valve, which can flexibly control the heating temperature of the slag in the gasification reaction tower 1 by adjusting the fuel gas flow, so as to achieve one-time melting of the slag, and the molten slag and the un-melted slag are discharged into the molten pool through the reaction tower outlet 14.

[0043] Specifically, the uniform material device 21 is provided with a power source, the stirring rod of the uniform material device 21 is inserted into the gasification reaction tower 1 and extends to the position of the inner material layer (bed layer), the solid waste A in the gasification reaction tower 1 is stirred, the airflow in the furnace and the uniform distribution of the solid waste are achieved, the bed layer burning phenomenon is avoided, and the fuel gas calorific value is high.

[0044] Specifically, the gasification reaction tower 1 is added with the auxiliary agent B through the auxiliary agent inlet 3, so as to achieve one-time adjustment of the component ratio of the slag Ca-Si-Al and reduction of the melting point of the slag.

[0045] The molten pool is a double molten pool structure, which is composed of an upper molten pool 11 and a lower molten pool 15; the double molten pool is arranged in a stacking and embedding mode; the upper molten pool 11 is composed of an upper molten pool furnace bottom 12 and an upper molten pool furnace wall 10 fixed on the top of the upper molten pool furnace bottom 12, and forms a shallow pool structure, which has a molten slag heat storage pool function and receives all the primary molten slag of the gasification reaction tower 1, effectively avoids the interference of the cold materials in the gasification reaction tower 1 on the molten slag liquid level, temperature and pressure fluctuation of the lower molten pool 15, and makes the furnace condition more stable; the lower molten pool 15 is composed of a lower molten pool furnace bottom 13, a lower molten pool furnace wall 18 and a molten pool top cover 20; the lower molten pool furnace wall 18 is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace bottom 13; the molten pool top cover 20 is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace wall 18 and the outer wall bottom of the reaction tower furnace wall 6 of the gasification reaction tower 1; the upper molten pool 11 is arranged in the lower molten pool 15 and located directly below the reaction tower outlet 14 of the gasification reaction tower 1; the upper molten pool furnace bottom 12 is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace bottom 13; the inner wall size of the upper molten pool furnace wall 10 is greater than the inner wall size of the reaction tower outlet 14; the top surface of the upper molten pool furnace wall 10 is spaced from the reaction tower outlet 14, which serves as a molten slag overflow port of the upper molten pool 11 and a channel for flue gas flowing into the gasification reaction tower 1 from the lower molten pool 15.

[0046] The lower molten pool furnace wall 18 is provided with at least one slag conditioning lance 9 (when the slag conditioning lance 9 is multiple, it is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction); one end of the slag conditioning lance 9 is inserted into the inner cavity of the lower molten pool furnace wall 18 and is arranged higher than the upper molten pool furnace wall 10, and the other end is connected with an oxygen pipeline 23, and the oxygen pipeline 23 is provided with a conditioning agent interface; the slag in the upper molten pool 11 is oxygenated through the oxygen pipeline 23 and the slag conditioning lance 9, so that the slag is secondarily melted; while the slag in the upper molten pool 11 is oxygenated, the conditioning agent D can be sprayed into the slag conditioning lance 9 through the conditioning agent interface and the slag conditioning lance 9, so that the mixed slag is melted, so that when the slag component of the lower molten pool 15 cannot meet the design requirements after being adjusted by the first component of the auxiliary agent B, the slag component can be secondarily adjusted to meet the higher requirements of slag resource utilization, such as producing artificial stone, rock wool and water-quenched glass body, and the economic benefits of bulk solid waste disposal are improved. The lower molten pool furnace wall 18 is provided with at least one molten pool air lance 19; one end of the molten pool air lance 19 is inserted into the inner cavity of the lower molten pool furnace wall 18 and is arranged lower than the upper molten pool furnace wall 10, and the slag cannot be higher than the molten pool air lance 19 during use; the oxygen interface of the molten pool air lance 19 is connected with the oxygen pipeline 23, the gas interface of the molten pool air lance 19 is connected with the gas branch pipe 26, and the gas interface of the molten pool air lance 19 is provided with a gas regulating valve, so that the temperature of the lower molten pool 15 can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the gas flow, so that the molten pool temperature can be kept at the design temperature of 1450±50℃. The lower molten pool furnace wall 18 is provided with at least one slag discharge port 17, which is regularly or continuously discharged according to the upper limit of the slag line design (not higher than the molten pool air lance 19), and the slag can be used as a building material raw material, such as producing artificial stone, rock wool and water-quenched glass body, replacing natural mineral resources and reducing carbon emissions. The lower molten pool furnace wall 18 is provided with at least one matte discharge port 16 arranged close to the lower molten pool bottom 13; the lowest matte discharge port 16 can empty the entire molten body of the lower molten pool 15, and the metal liquid is regularly or continuously discharged to the casting mold and cooled to become a metal ingot according to the upper limit of the metal liquid surface design of the lower molten pool 15, so that the gasification melting furnace can be applied to the metallurgical industry.

[0047] Specifically, the gas branch pipe 26 is provided with a natural gas interface, and during the start-up and shutdown of the gasification melting furnace, natural gas G is supplied to adjust the gas quality in the gas branch pipe 26, so as to stabilize the flame temperature of the molten pool air lance 19 and the melting air lance 8; stable operation during start-up and shutdown is beneficial to the maintenance of the gasification melting furnace.

[0048] Example two

[0049] Based on example one, the bulk solid waste gasification melting furnace of the present application further comprises a purification tower 29, which is a gasification melting furnace capable of realizing gas purification on the basis of bulk solid waste gas production.

[0050] The gas inlet of the purification tower 29 is connected with the hot dirty gas main pipe 30, and the hot dirty gas main pipe 30 is provided with a deacidifying agent interface; the hot dirty gas containing dust, tar and hydrogen chloride and other components generated by the gasification melting furnace flows into the hot dirty gas main pipe 30 through the gas outlet 22, and at the same time, the powdery deacidifying agent E is sprayed into the hot dirty gas main pipe 30 through the deacidifying agent interface, so as to remove the acidic pollutants (such as hydrogen chloride) in the hot dirty gas. The purification tower 29 is preferably a dry purification device, which purifies the hot dirty gas after the deacidification reaction to achieve dust removal and deacidification, and separates the hot clean gas and ash F, wherein the hot clean gas is the main product, and the ash F is collected and disposed separately; for example, the purification tower 29 can use a dry deacidification and dust removal integrated device (referring to the patents with application numbers 202211289389.7 or 202222775100.4) or other similar technologies to purify the hot dirty gas; of course, the purification tower 29 can also use other hot dirty gas purification technologies according to different gas uses to optimize the process flow.

[0051] The gas outlet of the purification tower 29 is connected with the gas fan 25 through a hot clean gas main pipe 28, and the gas fan 25 is connected with the gas utilization unit 27 and the gas branch pipe 26 through another hot clean gas main pipe 28; the gas fan 25 sucks the hot clean gas separated from the purification tower 29 through the hot clean gas main pipe 28, and after being pressurized, a part of the hot clean gas is sent to the downstream gas utilization unit 27 to achieve clean utilization of the hot clean gas, and another part of the hot clean gas is sent to the molten pool air gun 19 and the melting air gun 8 through the gas branch pipe 26, thereby forming a gas production supplementary combustion adjustment system of low-calorific-value solid waste A, and saving auxiliary fuel consumption. The present application assists gasification by part of the self-produced backflow gas, and the components such as CO2, H2O and CmHn (tar) in the backflow gas participate in the gasification reaction of the solid waste A again to generate CO and H2, thereby improving the gas quality, and the present application is particularly suitable for clean and safe disposal of low-calorific-value industrial organic solid waste.

[0052] Example three

[0053] The bulk solid waste gasification melting method of the present application is as follows:

[0054] The solid waste A is sent to the feeding bin 4 through the solid waste closed feeding device, and is sent into the gasification reaction tower 1 through the raw material inlet 5 to form a material layer; at the same time, the auxiliary agent B is sprayed into the auxiliary agent inlet 3 arranged on the reaction tower top cover 2 to adjust the slag components at one time, and the material in the gasification reaction tower 1 is stirred uniformly by the material uniformizing device 21;

[0055] During the downward movement of the material to the reaction tower outlet 14 of the gasification reaction tower 1, the temperature continues to rise, and the hydrogen chloride generated by dechlorination is volatilized in the upper low-temperature section of the gasification melting furnace, is discharged from the gas outlet 22 of the gasification melting furnace, reduces the corrosion of the lower high-temperature section of the gasification melting furnace, and prolongs the service life of the gasification melting furnace; and the material also continuously dries and pyrolyzes into water vapor, volatile matter and semi-coke during the downward movement; oxygen is injected into the gasification reaction tower 1 through the gasification air gun 7, and saturated steam C is injected into the gasification reaction tower 1 through the steam interface and the gasification air gun 7, and a gasification reaction occurs with the semi-coke to generate CO2, CH4, CO and H2, and the residual semi-coke and slag are gasified, burned, slag softened and melted by the flame injected into the gasification reaction tower 1 by the melting air gun 8, and the molten slag (the molten slag at this time also contains a large amount of slag) flows into the upper molten pool 11 through the reaction tower outlet 14; after the upper molten pool 11 is filled with molten slag, it overflows into the lower molten pool 15;

[0056] The tempering agent D is injected into the lower molten pool 15 through the tempering agent interface and the molten slag tempering gun 9, the components of the molten slag are secondarily adjusted, and the molten slag is secondarily melted by oxygen blowing through the molten slag tempering gun 9, which is beneficial to the resource utilization of the molten slag, such as the production of artificial stone, rock wool and water-quenched glass body, etc., and the flame is injected into the lower molten pool 15 through the molten pool air gun 19 to keep the design temperature of the molten pool at 1450±50℃, realizing the sintering and solidification of the molten slag of solid waste and a high glassification rate; if the molten slag in the lower molten pool 15 reaches the upper limit of the slag line design, it is intermittently or continuously discharged through the slag discharge port 17, and the metal at the bottom of the lower molten pool 15 is intermittently and periodically discharged through the matte discharge port 16;

[0057] The flue gas of the lower molten pool 15 flows upward into the upper molten pool 11, further melts the molten slag of the upper molten pool 11, and enters the gasification reaction tower 1 upward through the reaction tower outlet 14;

[0058] The flue gas of the lower molten pool 15 flows upward into the upper molten pool 11, further melts the molten slag of the upper molten pool 11, and enters the gasification reaction tower 1 upward through the reaction tower outlet 14;

[0059] Oxygen is supplied to the gasification air gun 7, the melting air gun 8, the molten slag tempering gun 9 and the molten pool air gun 19 through the oxygen pipeline 23 of the oxygen supply device 24 (such as an oxygen generating station), and fuel gas is supplied to the melting air gun 8 and the molten pool air gun 19 through the fuel gas branch pipe 26, realizing the operation function of each air gun;

[0060] Specifically, the auxiliary agent B contains at least one of a reducing agent, a slag component adjusting agent and a fluxing agent; the reducing agent is crushed coal, coke, etc.; the slag component adjusting agent is limestone, quartz sand, etc.; and the fluxing agent is one or more mixed materials of soda ash, sodium fluorosilicate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, potassium carbonate, borax, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.

[0061] Specifically, the conditioning agent D comprises at least one of a component conditioner, a color conditioner and a fluxing agent; the component conditioner is one or more mixtures of clay, porcelain clay, magnetite, pottery clay, feldspar and quartz sand; the color conditioner is at least one of oxides of Li, Ti, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co and Fe, oxide-containing ore powder, industrial pigment (such as red iron oxide) and slag (such as red mud).

[0062] Embodiment Four

[0063] Based on the embodiment three, the bulk solid waste gasification and melting method of the present application is as follows:

[0064] The hot dirty fuel gas contains dust, tar and hydrogen chloride and other acid gases, and direct utilization has problems such as difficulty in conveying, corrosion of pipelines and heat utilization equipment, and application is greatly limited;

[0065] Therefore, for the hot dirty fuel gas conveyed in the hot dirty fuel gas main pipe 30, the deacidifying agent E is sprayed to make the acid components such as hydrogen chloride into ash F, and the generated ash F and the hot dirty fuel gas mixed flow into the purification tower 29 for dust removal and deacidification, and the hot clean fuel gas and the ash F are separated;

[0066] The hot clean fuel gas after dust removal is sucked out of the purification tower 29 by the fuel gas fan 25, and after being pressurized, part of it is sent to the fuel gas utilization unit 27 to achieve resource utilization of the hot clean fuel gas, and the other part is sent to the melting air gun 8 and the molten pool air gun 19 for combustion through the fuel gas branch pipe 26, which constitutes a gas production supplementary combustion adjustment system for low-calorific-value solid waste, saving auxiliary fuel consumption.

[0067] Specifically, the deacidifying agent E is a calcium-based deacidifying agent, a sodium-based deacidifying agent, a magnesium-based deacidifying agent or an amino deacidifying agent commonly used in the fuel gas purification and flue gas purification industries, such as Ca(OH)2, CaO, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Mg(OH)2, MgO and NH3; the deacidifying agent ratio is obtained by Ca / S ratio and Ca / 2Cl ratio tests according to deacidification efficiency, and is generally 1-3.

Claims

1. A gasification-melting furnace for the gasification of solid waste, comprising a gasification reactor and a molten bath, characterized in that: The gasification reaction tower is a cylinder with an open bottom, which is fixed by a reaction tower top cover and a reaction tower furnace wall; the reaction tower top cover is provided with a uniform material device and an additive inlet; at least one raw material inlet and at least one fuel gas outlet are arranged on the upper part of the reaction tower furnace wall, wherein the fuel gas outlet is arranged higher than the raw material inlet; at least one gasification air gun is fixed to the reaction tower furnace wall below the raw material inlet; at least one melting air gun is fixed to the reaction tower furnace wall below the gasification air gun; one end of the melting air gun is inserted into the inner cavity of the reaction tower furnace wall; the oxygen interface of the melting air gun is connected with an oxygen pipeline, and the fuel gas interface of the melting air gun is connected with a fuel gas branch pipe; a fuel gas adjusting valve is arranged at the fuel gas interface of the melting air gun; the bottom opening of the gasification reaction tower is the reaction tower outlet; a material bin is fixed at the raw material inlet; the fuel gas outlet is connected with a hot dirty fuel gas main pipe. The molten pool is composed of an upper molten pool and a lower molten pool; the upper molten pool is composed of an upper molten pool furnace bottom and an upper molten pool furnace wall fixed on the top of the upper molten pool furnace bottom; the lower molten pool is composed of a lower molten pool furnace bottom, a lower molten pool furnace wall and a molten pool top cover; the lower molten pool furnace wall is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace bottom; the molten pool top cover is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace wall and the outer wall bottom of the reaction tower furnace wall of the gasification reaction tower; the upper molten pool is arranged in the lower molten pool and directly below the reaction tower outlet of the gasification reaction tower; the upper molten pool furnace bottom is fixed on the lower molten pool furnace bottom; the inner wall size of the upper molten pool furnace wall is larger than the inner wall size of the reaction tower outlet; the top surface of the upper molten pool furnace wall is spaced apart from the reaction tower outlet. The lower molten pool furnace wall is provided with at least one molten slag conditioning gun; one end of the molten slag conditioning gun is inserted into the inner cavity of the lower molten pool furnace wall and arranged higher than the upper molten pool furnace wall, and the other end is connected with an oxygen pipeline; the lower molten pool furnace wall is provided with at least one molten pool air gun; one end of the molten pool air gun is inserted into the inner cavity of the lower molten pool furnace wall and arranged lower than the upper molten pool furnace wall; the oxygen interface of the molten pool air gun is connected with an oxygen pipeline, and the fuel gas interface of the molten pool air gun is connected with a fuel gas branch pipe; a fuel gas adjusting valve is arranged at the fuel gas interface of the molten pool air gun; the lower molten pool furnace wall is provided with at least one molten slag outlet and at least one molten lead outlet. The gas inlet of the purification tower is connected with the hot dirty fuel gas main pipe, and the hot dirty fuel gas main pipe is provided with a deacidifying agent interface; the gas outlet of the purification tower is connected with the gas inlet of the fuel gas fan through a hot clean fuel gas main pipe, and the gas outlet of the fuel gas fan is connected with a fuel gas utilization unit and the fuel gas branch pipe through another hot clean fuel gas main pipe.

2. The gasification-melting furnace for solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: The material inlet of the material bin is connected with the material outlet of the solid waste closed type feeding device; the solid waste closed type feeding device is selected from one or a combination of hydraulic push rod feeding device, double bell feeding device, screw extrusion feeding device and sealing valve; when several combinations are used, the transfer machine between the devices is included.

3. The gasification-melting furnace for solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: One end of the gasification air gun is inserted into the inner cavity of the reaction tower furnace wall, and the other end is connected with an oxygen pipeline; the oxygen pipeline is provided with a water vapor interface.

4. The gasification-melting furnace for solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: The uniform material device is provided with a power source; the stirring rod of the uniform material device is inserted into the gasification reaction tower.

5. The gasification-melting furnace for solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: The fuel gas branch pipe is provided with a natural gas interface.

6. A method of gasification melting of solid waste using the gasification melting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method specifically comprises the following steps: The solid waste is sent into the gasification reaction tower through the material bin and the raw material inlet to form a material layer; at the same time, the auxiliary agent is sprayed from the auxiliary agent inlet arranged on the top cover of the reaction tower to adjust the components of the slag once, and the material in the gasification reaction tower is stirred uniformly by the uniform material device; during the downward movement of the material to the outlet of the gasification reaction tower, the temperature is continuously increased, the hydrogen chloride generated by dechlorination is volatilized in the upper part of the gasification melting furnace, and is discharged from the gas outlet of the gasification melting furnace; and the material is continuously dried and pyrolyzed into water vapor, volatile matter and semi-coke during the downward movement; oxygen is sprayed into the gasification reaction tower through the gasification air gun, and saturated water vapor is sprayed into the gasification reaction tower through the water vapor interface and the gasification air gun, and a gasification reaction occurs with the semi-coke to generate CO2, CH4, CO and H2; the residual semi-coke and slag are gasified, burned, softened and melted by the flame sprayed into the gasification reaction tower by the melting air gun, and the molten slag flows into the upper molten pool through the outlet of the reaction tower; after the upper molten pool is filled with molten slag, it overflows into the lower molten pool; the conditioning agent is sprayed into the lower molten pool through the conditioning agent interface and the molten slag conditioning gun to adjust the components of the molten slag twice, and the molten slag is secondarily melted by oxygen blowing through the molten slag conditioning gun, and the flame is sprayed into the lower molten pool by the molten pool air gun to keep the design temperature of the molten pool at 1450±50℃, so as to realize the sintering and solidification of the molten slag of the solid waste; if the molten slag in the lower molten pool reaches the upper limit of the slag line design, it is intermittently or continuously discharged from the slag discharge port, and is pressed into a plate, cast into a shape and produced into rock wool; the metal at the bottom of the lower molten pool is intermittently discharged from the matte discharge port, and becomes a metal ingot after being cooled in a casting mold; the flue gas of the lower molten pool flows upward into the upper molten pool, further melts the molten slag of the upper molten pool, and enters the gasification reaction tower upward through the outlet of the reaction tower; the fuel gas generated in the gasification reaction tower countercurrently upward dry distillation and dries the solid waste, and the fuel gas containing hydrogen chloride, dust and tar becomes hot dirty fuel gas, which is discharged from the gas outlet of the gasification melting furnace, flows into the hot dirty fuel gas main pipe and is treated. The auxiliary agent comprises at least one of a reducing agent, a slag component adjusting agent and a fluxing agent; the reducing agent is crushed coal or coke; the slag component adjusting agent is limestone or quartz sand; and the fluxing agent is one or more mixed materials of soda ash, sodium fluorosilicate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, potassium carbonate, borax and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The conditioning agent comprises at least one of a component adjusting agent, a color adjusting agent and a fluxing agent; the component adjusting agent is one or more mixed materials of clay, porcelain clay, magnetite, pottery clay, feldspar and quartz sand; the color adjusting agent is at least one of oxides of Li, Ti, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co and Fe, ore powder containing oxides, industrial pigments and slag; The hot dirty fuel gas transported in the hot dirty fuel gas main pipe is sprayed with a deacidifying agent to make the acidic components into ash, and the generated ash and hot dirty fuel gas are mixed to flow into a purification tower for dust removal and deacidification, and the hot clean fuel gas and ash are separated; the hot clean fuel gas after dust removal is sucked out of the purification tower by a fuel gas fan, is pressurized, and part of it is sent to a fuel gas utilization unit, and the other part is sent to the melting air gun and the molten pool air gun for combustion support through a fuel gas branch pipe; the deacidifying agent is a calcium-based deacidifying agent, a sodium-based deacidifying agent, a magnesium-based deacidifying agent or an amino deacidifying agent.

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