Simplified tipping bucket type total runoff sediment meter and calculation method for total runoff erosion sediment volume

Abstract

This invention patent protects a simplified tipping-bucket type total runoff sediment meter and a method for calculating the total sediment load from runoff erosion. The simplified tipping-bucket type total runoff sediment meter includes: a sampling bucket, a counting unit, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a random sampling unit. The sampling bucket is equipped with an inlet and two tipping buckets. The counting unit records the number of times the two tipping buckets are tipped. The first sampling unit is located at the bottom of the sampling bucket. The second sampling unit includes several outlets, all located at a first position. At least one random sampling unit is provided and connected to the outlets. After the runoff weight reaches a certain value, the bucket is tipped 90° to one side. The counting unit records the number of times the two tipping buckets are tipped. Runoff exceeding the first position flows out from the outlet of the second sampling unit. The random sampling unit collects runoff from one of the outlets. The runoff sediment is divided into several equal portions, and one or more portions are extracted, reducing the sampling volume, shortening the stirring time, and improving work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of surface runoff sediment hydrological monitoring, and particularly relates to a simple tipping bucket type total runoff sediment self-recording instrument and a calculation method for the total sediment volume of runoff erosion. Background Technique

[0002] Soil erosion is one of the most important ecological environment problems in the world, which seriously threatens regional food production, environmental quality and ecological security. Soil and water conservation is an important part of soil erosion prevention and control. In areas with large rainfall, especially on sloping lands with large altitude fluctuations, due to rainwater carrying sediment from high-altitude areas such as slopes and middle slopes and depositing it at low-altitude areas through erosion, the soil nutrients in high-altitude areas are also lost along with water and soil, seriously threatening local crop production and food security. Therefore, by measuring local runoff and sediment erosion amounts and collecting runoff sediment samples for nutrient loss analysis, and taking corresponding soil and water conservation measures according to different erosion degrees, it has important guiding significance for local soil erosion prevention and control, improving regional ecological environment quality, increasing food production and economic benefits, etc.

[0003] At present, most of the devices used for measuring and collecting runoff sediment in field experiments are based on the weighing principle. For example, invention patents with application numbers 202111357417.X, 202211061779.9, 202211278850.9, etc. use devices such as gravity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, water level gauges and electric push rods to complete the total collection of runoff sediment. However, due to the continuity and inhomogeneity of the entire runoff process, sampling will stop when measuring runoff and sediment, or due to heavy rainfall, it is impossible to complete the total collection of runoff and sediment during the entire runoff process. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure the total runoff sediment monitoring of the entire runoff process using the above devices. Moreover, all the above devices lack a collection device for the runoff sediment mixture throughout the entire runoff process and cannot complete the determination of nutrients or other components caused by subsequent soil and water loss. Even if all runoff sediment is collected by building a catchment pond and the sediment content can be measured by methods such as stirring, there are problems such as high labor intensity, low measurement accuracy, and lack of runoff process monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a simple tipping bucket type total runoff sediment self-recording instrument for the problems of lacking total runoff sediment monitoring and sampling throughout the entire runoff process, large runoff sediment volume, long stirring time, and low work efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following solutions:

[0006] A simple tipping bucket type total runoff sediment self-recording instrument, comprising:

[0007] The sampling unit comprises a sampling bucket, a counting unit, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a random sampling unit. The sampling bucket has a water inlet and a double-tipping bucket. The water inlet is located at the top of the sampling bucket, and the double-tipping bucket is located inside the sampling bucket and can rotate from 0 to 180°. The counting unit can record the number of times the double-tipping bucket flips. The first sampling unit is located at the bottom of the sampling bucket. The second sampling unit includes several water outlets, all of which are located at a first position on the sampling bucket, and the first position is lower than the bottom of the double-tipping bucket. At least one random sampling unit is provided, and the random sampling unit is connected to the water outlets.

[0008] Preferably, the first sampling unit is funnel-shaped, with its upper opening coinciding with the first position, and a one-way valve provided at its lower opening.

[0009] Preferably, the volume of the first sampling unit is the same as the volume from the first position to the bottom of the sampling bucket, and is the same as the volume of one of the two tipping buckets.

[0010] Preferably, the water outlets are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the sampling bucket, and the total number of water outlets is an even number.

[0011] Preferably, the volume of the random sampling unit is greater than the volume of any of the outlet diversions.

[0012] Preferably, the counting unit is a reed switch pulse counter, which is located on one side of the double tipping bucket.

[0013] Preferably, the sampling bucket adopts a detachable box body, with the upper part of the double-flipping bucket being the tipping bucket and the lower part of the double-flipping bucket being the collection funnel bucket.

[0014] Preferably, at least four mixing plates are provided on the inner wall of the collecting funnel, the mixing plates forming an acute angle with the horizontal plane and an obtuse angle with the connecting surface.

[0015] The method for calculating the total sediment load from runoff erosion includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. Obtain the runoff collected by the random sampling unit;

[0017] S2. Obtain the runoff within the first sampling unit;

[0018] S3. Obtain the number of times the double tipping bucket has flipped as recorded by the counting unit;

[0019] S4. Detect the runoff concentration in the random sampling unit and the runoff concentration in the first sampling unit;

[0020] S5. Calculate the total amount of sediment eroded by runoff.

[0021] Preferably, the formula for calculating the total sediment load from runoff erosion is as follows:

[0022] Total sediment load from runoff erosion M = C 随机采样单元 ×(n-1)×V 翻斗 +C 漏斗 ×V 漏斗 .

[0023] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0024] In the field, runoff sediment from a slope falls into a double funnel from the inlet. Once the runoff reaches a certain value, the funnels are flipped 90° to one side to transport the runoff sediment to the bottom of the sampling bucket. Simultaneously, a counting unit records the number of flips. Runoff transported to the bottom of the sampling bucket with a liquid level below the first position is collected in the first sampling unit, while runoff with a liquid level above the first position flows out from the outlet of the second sampling unit. A random sampling unit also collects runoff from one of the outlets. A large amount of runoff sediment is divided into several equal portions by multiple outlets. One or more portions are randomly selected and uniformly mixed, reducing the sampling volume and shortening the mixing time, thereby improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the simplified tipping bucket type total runoff sediment self-meter disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a top view of the simplified tipping bucket type total runoff sediment autometer disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the double-tipping rotating structure of the simplified tipping bucket type total runoff sediment self-meter disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0028] Among them: a simple tipping bucket type total runoff sediment self-counting instrument 10, a sampling bucket 100, a counting unit 200, a first sampling unit 300, a second sampling unit 400, a random sampling unit 500, a tipping bucket 130, a water inlet 110, a double tipping bucket 120, a reed switch pulse counter 210, a flow collecting funnel bucket 140, a water outlet 410, a one-way valve 141, a mixing plate 142, and a first position 143. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application.

[0030] It should be noted that when a device is considered to be "connected" to another device, it can be directly connected to the other device or there may be an intervening device present. The terms "inside," "top," "upper," "lower," "above," "below," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] See Figures 1 to 3 In a preferred embodiment, the simplified tipping bucket type total runoff sediment autostat 10 includes: a sampling bucket 100, a counting unit 200, a first sampling unit 300, a second sampling unit 400, and a random sampling unit 500. The sampling bucket 100 is provided with an inlet 110 and a double tipping bucket 120. The inlet 110 is located at the top of the sampling bucket 100, and the double tipping bucket 120 is located inside the sampling bucket 100 and can rotate from 0 to 180°. The counting unit 200 can record the number of times the double tipping bucket 120 flips. The first sampling unit 300 is located at the bottom of the sampling bucket 100. The second sampling unit 400 includes a plurality of outlets 410, all of which are located at a first position 143 of the sampling bucket 100, and the first position 143 is lower than the bottom of the double tipping bucket 120. At least one random sampling unit 500 is provided, and the random sampling unit 500 is connected to the outlets 410.

[0033] In the field, runoff sediment from the slope falls into the double funnel from the inlet 110. Once the runoff in the double funnel reaches a certain value, it flips 90° to one side to transport the runoff sediment to the bottom of the sampling bucket 100. At the same time, the counting unit 200 records the number of flips of the double funnel 120. The runoff transported to the bottom of the sampling bucket 100 is collected in the first sampling unit 300 if the liquid level is below the first position 143, and flows out from the outlet 410 of the second sampling unit 400 if the liquid level is above the first position 143. Meanwhile, the random sampling unit 500 collects the runoff from several outlets 410. A large amount of runoff sediment is divided into several portions by several outlets 410. One or more portions are randomly selected and uniformly stirred, reducing the sampling volume and shortening the uniform stirring time, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, the first sampling unit 300 is funnel-shaped, with its upper opening coinciding with the first position 143, and a one-way valve 141 provided at the lower opening of the first sampling unit 300.

[0035] When rainfall is low and the volume of runoff sediment is insufficient to reach the set value of the double tipping bucket 120, the double tipping bucket 120 is manually moved to allow the runoff sediment to fall into the first sampling unit 300. The first sampling unit 300 is then set in a funnel shape, with the upper opening of the funnel coinciding with the first position 143. The one-way valve 141 at the bottom of the funnel-shaped first sampling unit 300 is opened, and the runoff sediment automatically slides out of the one-way valve 141 due to its own weight. The funnel shape and the one-way valve 141 solve the problem of insufficient collection of runoff sediment due to its small volume, while also making the operation of the device simpler and faster.

[0036] Specifically, the volume of the first sampling unit 300 is the same as the volume from the first position 143 to the bottom of the sampling bucket 100, and is the same as the volume of one of the tipping buckets of the double tipping bucket 120.

[0037] The upper opening of the funnel-shaped first sampling unit 300 coincides with the first position 143. The volume from the first position 143 to the bottom of the sampling bucket 100 is the same as the volume of the first sampling unit 300. Simultaneously, the fixed volume of each tipping bucket of the double tipping bucket 120 is also set to the volume of the first sampling unit 300, so that V... 第一采样单元 =V 第一位置 =V 双翻斗一个翻斗 When the double tipping bucket 120 flips once or is manually turned once, the runoff sediment is taken out from the first sampling unit 300. When the double tipping bucket 120 flips more than once and the liquid level exceeds the first position 143, the runoff sediment is divided into several equal parts and flows out from several outlets 410 set at the first position 143. By adopting an equal volume setting, the problem of insufficient collection due to small runoff sediment volume is solved, and the counting is more accurate, thus making the calculated volume more accurate.

[0038] In one specific implementation, to consider sampling accuracy, the water outlets 410 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the sampling bucket 100, and the total number of water outlets 410 is an even number.

[0039] Several outlets 410 divide the runoff sediment into several equal portions. The outlets 410 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sampling bucket 100, for example, a total of 4, 6, or 8 outlets 410 are set. Two outlets 410 are randomly selected and connected to the random sampling unit 500. The two random sampling units 500 are used to verify each other to ensure that the sampling bucket 100 is level. If the sampling bucket 100 is not level, the average runoff concentration of the two random sampling units 500 is used. If the sampling bucket 100 is level, it is used as the verification data, and the runoff concentration of one of the random sampling units 500 is used. This realizes the collection of runoff and the detection of runoff concentration, while avoiding the problem of uneven sampling caused by the non-level sampling bucket 100, thereby improving the accuracy of collection and making the detection data more accurate and reliable.

[0040] Furthermore, the volume of the random sampling unit 500 is greater than the volume of any of the outlets 410 that divert water.

[0041] When collecting runoff sediment, the random sampling unit 500 collects the runoff from two of the outlets 410, while the remaining outlets 410 discharge runoff sediment. Each outlet 410 carries average runoff sediment with the same outflow volume. The volume of the random sampling unit 500 is greater than the volume of runoff sediment discharged from each outlet 410, ensuring that the collected runoff sediment is 2 / p, where p is the number of outlets 410. This allows the total amount of runoff sediment to be calculated by multiplying the volume of the random sampling unit 500 by the number of outlets 410, making collection more convenient and accurate and avoiding the problem of inaccurate runoff sediment collection caused by the small volume of the random sampling unit 500.

[0042] Furthermore, the counting unit 200 adopts a reed switch pulse counter 210, which is located on one side of the double tipping bucket 120.

[0043] A reed switch pulse counter 210 is installed on one side of the double tipping bucket 120. The double tipping bucket 120 is installed horizontally. When runoff sediment causes the double tipping bucket 120 to tilt 90° to one side for the first time, the reed switch pulse counter 210 counts once. When it tilts 180° to the other side, the reed switch pulse counter 210 counts a second time. The reed switch pulse counter 210 is easy to install, accurate, and stable, requiring no external solar battery or other power source. It is also shock-resistant, improving work efficiency and measurement accuracy.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, for ease of operation, the sampling bucket 100 adopts a detachable box body, with the top of the double tipping bucket 120 being a tipping bucket 130 and the bottom of the double tipping bucket 120 being a collection funnel bucket 140.

[0045] The sampling bucket 100 is divided into upper and lower parts by adopting a split box design. The upper part of the double tipping bucket 120 is divided into a tipping bucket 130 and a collecting funnel bucket 140. The upper tipping bucket 130 and the lower collecting funnel bucket 140 are snap-fitted together and sealed at the connection. When the tipping bucket 130 and the collecting funnel bucket need to be maintained, they can be separated, making the maintenance and cleaning of the sampling bucket more convenient and quick.

[0046] Furthermore, at least four mixing plates 142 are provided on the inner wall of the collecting funnel 140. The mixing plates 142 form an acute angle with the horizontal plane and an obtuse angle with the connecting surface.

[0047] When runoff sediment falls from the double tipping bucket 120 into the collecting funnel bucket 140, the water and sediment in the runoff are unevenly distributed. At least four mixing plates 142 are installed on the inner wall of the collecting funnel bucket 140. The mixing plates 142 are installed at the same horizontal plane, and each mixing plate 142 has the same length and width. The mixing plate 142 forms an acute angle with the horizontal plane and an obtuse angle with the connecting surface. The slope of the mixing plate 142 is adjusted according to the size of the angle so that the mixing plate 142 is spirally distributed downward. The runoff falls on the mixing plate 142. The spiral arrangement makes the sediment and water in the runoff evenly mixed, thereby avoiding sediment sedimentation in the runoff and the problem of uneven runoff concentration flowing out of the outlet 410.

[0048] In this embodiment, a method for calculating the total sediment erosion amount of runoff using a simple tipping bucket type total runoff sediment meter 10 is also provided, including the following steps: S1, acquiring the runoff collected by the random sampling unit 500; S2, acquiring the runoff within the first sampling unit 300; S3, acquiring the number of times the double tipping bucket 120 is flipped as recorded by the counting unit 200; S4, detecting the runoff concentration of the runoff within the random sampling unit 500 and the runoff concentration of the runoff within the first sampling unit 300; S5, calculating the total sediment erosion amount of runoff.

[0049] After the sampling bucket 100 is installed, samples are collected from the sampling bucket 100 after rainfall ends. The runoff volume V is obtained from the random sampling unit 500, and the runoff volume V within the first sampling unit 300 is also obtained. 漏斗 The counting unit 200 records the number of flips n of the double funnel. The runoff concentration C within the random sampling unit 500 is then detected. 随机采样单元Runoff concentration C within the random sampling unit and the first sampling unit 300 漏斗 Total runoff V 总量 = The number of times the double funnel flips n × the volume V of the double funnel 120 翻斗 Simplified to V 总 =nV 翻斗 Based on the known volume and runoff concentration, the total amount of sediment eroded by runoff is calculated. Runoff samples are collected to reduce the volume of runoff samples and improve the efficiency of collection. At the same time, the formula M=CV is used to calculate the total amount of sediment eroded by runoff, which reduces the workload and improves the efficiency.

[0050] Specifically, the formula for calculating the total sediment load of runoff erosion is: Total sediment load of runoff erosion M = C 随机采样单元 ×(n-1)×V 翻斗 +C 漏斗 ×V 漏斗 Where M represents the total sediment load (g) eroded by each runoff; C 随机采样单元 For random sampling unit 500, runoff concentration (g·L⁻¹) is collected; n is the number of times the double-tumbling bucket 120 is turned; C 漏斗 The runoff concentration (g·L⁻¹) collected by the first sampling unit 300; V 翻斗 V represents the volume of the tipping bucket (L); 漏斗 The volume of the first sampling unit 300.

[0051] Total sediment erosion by runoff M = runoff concentration C 总 ×Runoff volume V 总 The runoff concentration, under the configuration of the sampling bucket 100, is divided into the runoff concentration C of the first sampling unit 300. 漏斗 The runoff concentration C of the random sampling unit 500 随机采样单元 The volume of the first sampling unit 300 located at the lower part of the sampling barrel 100 is V. 漏斗 The volume of the random sampling unit 500 is the total runoff volume V. 总 Subtracting the volume of the first sampling unit 300 gives V 漏斗 Total runoff volume V 总 =n×V 翻斗 The volume V of the simplified random sampling unit 500 is replaced. 随机采样单元 =n×V 翻斗 -V 漏斗 In the above steps, the volume V of one tipping bucket of the double tipping bucket 120 is... 翻斗 The volume V of the first sampling unit 300 漏斗 They are equal, therefore V 随机采样单元 = (n-1)×V 翻斗The runoff erosion sediment volume in the first sampling unit 300 and the runoff erosion sediment volume in the random sampling unit 500 are calculated respectively:

[0052] The runoff erosion sediment load M1 of the first sampling unit 300 is C 漏斗 ×V 翻斗 ;

[0053] The runoff erosion sediment content M2 = C of the random sampling unit 500 随机采样单元 ×(n-1)×V 翻斗 ;

[0054] Total sediment load from runoff erosion M = M1 + M2 = C 漏斗 ×V 翻斗 +C 随机采样单元 ×(n-1)×V 翻斗 =(C 漏斗 +C 随机采样单元 ×(n-1))×V 翻斗 If the number of random sampling units 500 exceeds one, the average runoff concentration of the random sampling units 500 is used. The final calculation model for total runoff erosion sediment load is obtained as M = (C... 漏斗 +C 随机采样单元 ×(n-1))×V 翻斗 The simple tipping bucket total runoff sediment self-counting instrument 10 obtains the corresponding known quantities, which are then substituted into the calculation model, making the calculation of the total runoff erosion sediment volume more convenient, reducing sampling difficulty, and improving work efficiency without affecting the accuracy of the calculation data.

[0055] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the device deployment method of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several adjustments and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A simple tipping-bucket type total runoff sediment self-meter, characterized in that, include: A sampling bucket, wherein the sampling bucket is provided with a water inlet and a double tipping bucket, the water inlet is located at the top of the sampling bucket, the double tipping bucket is located inside the sampling bucket, and the double tipping bucket can rotate 0~180°; A counting unit, which is capable of recording the number of times the double tipping buckets are flipped; A first sampling unit is disposed at the bottom of the sampling bucket; The second sampling unit includes a plurality of water outlets, the bottom of which is located at a first position on the sampling bucket, and the first position is lower than the bottom of the double tipping bucket; and A random sampling unit, wherein at least one random sampling unit is provided, and the random sampling unit is connected to the water outlet; The sampling bucket adopts a detachable box body, with the upper part of the double tipping bucket being the tipping bucket and the lower part of the double tipping bucket being the collection funnel bucket; At least four mixing plates are provided on the inner wall of the collecting funnel. The mixing plates form an acute angle with the horizontal plane and an obtuse angle with the connecting surface.

2. The simplified tipping bucket type total runoff and sediment self-meter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first sampling unit is funnel-shaped, with its upper opening coinciding with the first position, and a one-way valve installed at its lower opening.

3. The simplified tipping bucket type total runoff and sediment self-meter as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The volume of the first sampling unit is the same as the volume from the first position to the bottom of the sampling bucket, and is also the same as the volume of one of the two tipping buckets.

4. The simplified tipping bucket type total runoff and sediment self-meter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water outlets are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the sampling bucket, and the total number of water outlets is an even number.

5. The simplified tipping bucket type total runoff and sediment self-meter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The volume of the random sampling unit is greater than the volume of any of the outlet diversions.

6. The simplified tipping bucket type total runoff and sediment self-meter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The counting unit is a reed switch pulse counter, which is located on one side of the double tipping bucket.

7. A method for calculating the total sediment load from runoff erosion, characterized in that, The method applied to the simplified tipping bucket type total runoff sediment autometer as described in any one of claims 1-6 includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the runoff collected by the random sampling unit; S2. Obtain the runoff within the first sampling unit; S3. Obtain the number of times the double tipping bucket has flipped as recorded by the counting unit; S4. Detect the runoff concentration in the random sampling unit and the runoff concentration in the first sampling unit; S5. Calculate the total sediment load caused by runoff erosion; The formula for calculating the total sediment load from runoff erosion is as follows: Total sediment load from runoff erosion M = C 随机采样单元 ×(n-1)×V 翻斗 +C 漏斗 ×V 漏斗 .

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