Evaluation method for fish passage facilities

Abstract

The application provides a kind of fish passing facility operation evaluation method, multi-stage fishway gentle position installs sonar fish detector, sonar fish detector detection angle covers the whole pool body of fishway gentle section, and sonar fish detector records and calculates the fish population quantity in fishway gentle pool body;The fish population quantity of each fishway gentle position is recorded respectively, and the fish passing efficiency of the whole fishway is calculated;The speed of the flow in the fishway is measured, the efficiency of the fish population passing at various speeds of the flow is calculated, the flow rate of the fishway is optimized and transformed according to the calculated fish population passing efficiency, and the fish passing facility operation is evaluated.The data obtained by evaluating the whole fish passing facility operation is also convenient for optimizing the length of the fishway, reducing the engineering cost, and has high scientific research and engineering value.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fish passing over dam, and in particular to a method for evaluating operation of fish passing facility. BACKGROUND

[0002] The life activities of fish, such as reproduction, foraging and overwintering, are mostly completed through migration to find the most suitable habitat at different stages. Fish habitat is an important part of river ecosystem, but water conservancy structures in the river block the connectivity of the river, which prevents the upstream migration of fish and to some extent destroys the fish habitat.

[0003] Building fish passing facilities is an important means to restore river connectivity, and fishways in the fish passing facilities are gradually becoming the main fish passing facilities. The design of fishways needs to consider the swimming behavior and swimming ability of fish, including the jumping ability of fish, the swimming endurance of fish, and the influence of various hydraulic factors on the swimming behavior of fish. Whether fish can pass through the water speed barrier in the fishway is one of the key factors for successful design, and the basis is to study the swimming ability of fish.

[0004] The scientific evaluation of the fish passing effect of fish passing facilities in the international mainly focuses on qualitative indicators (fishway effectiveness) and quantitative indicators (fish passing efficiency). There are various methods for monitoring the fish passing effect of fish passing facilities according to the evaluation indicators, and the indicators, parameters and effectiveness obtained by different methods are not the same. Generally, it can be divided into biological factor monitoring and non-biological factor monitoring. The biological factor monitoring is the difficulty of fish passing effect monitoring. The speed of fish group cannot be directly grasped by biological factor monitoring, and the number of fish passing cannot be grasped, which leads to large deviation of monitoring and evaluation data of most fish efficiency, and the fish passing effect of fish passing facility cannot be estimated and evaluated. SUMMARY

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a method for evaluating the operation of fish passing facility, which solves the problem that biological factor monitoring is the difficulty of fish passing effect monitoring, the speed of fish group cannot be directly grasped by biological factor monitoring, and the number of fish passing cannot be grasped, which leads to large deviation of monitoring and evaluation data of most fish efficiency, and the fish passing effect of fish passing facility cannot be estimated and evaluated.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a method for evaluating the operation of fish passing facility, the method comprising: S1, installing a sonar fish detector at a gentle position of a multi-stage fishway, the sonar fish detector covering the entire pool body of the gentle section of the fishway in terms of detection angle, and the sonar fish detector recording and calculating the number of fish groups in the gentle pool body of the fishway;

[0007] S2, recording the number of fish groups at the gentle position of each stage of the fishway respectively, and calculating the fish passing efficiency of the overall fishway;

[0008] S3, measure the velocity of the water flow inside the fishway, calculate the efficiency of the fish passing through at various water flow velocities, optimize and modify the flow velocity of the fishway according to the calculated fish passing efficiency, and evaluate the operation of the fish passing facility.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, the fish quantity detection of the sonar fish detector uses the echo integration method and / or the echo counting method.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the detection angle of the sonar fish detector is 90-120°.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, the specific steps in step S2 are as follows:

[0012] A1, install sonar fish detectors at multiple gentle positions of the fishway, marked as T1-T5, where T1 is the entrance of the downstream fishway and T5 is the exit of the upstream fishway;

[0013] A2, when the fish reaches the T1 position of the fishway entrance, mark the quantity of the fish at the entrance, and when the fish reaches the T2 position of the fishway, the sonar fish detector records the quantity of the fish at the T2 position again, and the marking is performed every 15-20 minutes, then the fish passing quantity efficiency formula of T1-T2 is:

[0014]

[0015] η 1-2 is the fish passing quantity efficiency of T1-T2; N2 is the marked fish quantity entering the T2 position; N1 is the marked fish quantity entering the T1 position;

[0016] A3, according to the fish passing efficiency of the adjacent positions, calculate the cumulative percentage of the fish in each channel, then the cumulative percentage is the fish passing efficiency of the whole fishway:

[0017]

[0018] η is the fish passing efficiency of the fishway, N i is the passing quantity of the test fish marked at the i-th monitoring section; N i+1 is the fish quantity of the previous section of the i-th monitoring section, and n represents the number of monitoring sections set;

[0019] A4, according to the above calculation formula and the statistical fish passing efficiency data, perform variance analysis, use R Development Core Team language and SPSS software to statistically analyze the data, and obtain a comprehensive fish passing efficiency analysis table;

[0020] A5, according to the fish passing efficiency, grade and evaluate the operation of the fish passing facility, and complete the evaluation of the operation of the fish passing facility.

[0021] In the preferred embodiment, the specific steps in step S3 are as follows:

[0022] B1, according to the difference of fish continuous swimming time under different flow rate, fish swimming speed can be divided into continuous swimming speed, endurance swimming speed and burst swimming speed, using multi-tail sample fish, the full length L of the fish is measured, and an electronic tracking tag is arranged on the fish, the fish with the tag is passed through the fishway, the swimming speed V of the fish is monitored, and the fish swimming endurance in the fishway is analyzed by using linear regression method;

[0023] log (E) = beta0 + beta1V + beta2L + beta3T + e

[0024] In the formula, E is the endurance of the fish, L is the full length of the fish, T is the test water temperature, V is the swimming speed of the fish, e is a normally distributed error term, beta0-beta3 is the fishway parameter, beta0 is the fishway horizontal height parameter, beta1 is the average flow velocity data, beta2 is the average fish size length coefficient, and beta3 is the water temperature coefficient of each quarter;

[0025] B2, the endurance curve of the fish E and the swimming speed V of the fish can be calculated according to the formula in B1, the length d of the fishway and the swimming speed V of the fish are known S , then the relationship between the speed of the flow and the swimming speed of the fish is calculated as follows:

[0026] V f = V S -

[0027] In the formula, is the swimming passing time of the fish under V S , V f is the speed of the flow, and V f is obtained.

[0028] B3, the greater the speed of the flow, the longer the passing time of the fish group, the passing time of the fish group is proportional to the passing efficiency of step S2, the greater the speed of the flow of the fishway, the lower the passing efficiency of the fish group.

[0029] The application provides an evaluation method for operation of fish passing facilities, sonar fish detection instruments are installed at flat positions of multi-stage fishways, fish groups are more gathered at the flat positions of the fishways, variable data obtained are accurate, passing efficiencies between adjacent marking points are estimated by counting fish groups at the flat positions of the multi-stage fishways, the passing efficiency of each stage is calculated and accumulated to form the passing efficiency of the whole fishway, and the obtained fishway fish passing efficiency is lower than the actual efficiency. Fish samples are calculated, fish group passing times under different water speeds are obtained by monitoring the fishway under different water speeds, the passing times are compared with the passing efficiencies, the whole fish passing facility operation is evaluated, the obtained data are convenient for optimizing the length of the fishway and reducing engineering cost, and the application has high scientific research and engineering values. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0031] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sonar fish finder for fish passage layout according to the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the detection range of the sonar fish finder of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Dam; 2. Fishway; 3. Flat section of the fishway; 4. Sonar fish finder; 5. Sonar detection area. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figs. 1-2 As shown, an evaluation method for the operation of a fish passage facility includes: installing a sonar fish finder 4 at a gentle section of the multi-level fish passage; the sonar fish finder 4 has a detection angle covering the entire pool body of the gentle section of the fish passage; and the sonar fish finder 4 records and calculates the number of fish inside the pool body of the gentle section of the fish passage.

[0036] Record the number of fish in the gentle sections of each level of the fishway, and calculate the overall fish passage efficiency of the fishway.

[0037] The velocity of the water flow inside the fishway is measured, the efficiency of the fish passing through at various water flow velocities is calculated, the flow velocity of the fishway is optimized and modified based on the calculated efficiency of the fish passing through the dam, and the operation of the fish passage facility is evaluated.

[0038] Sonar fish finders (4) were installed at the gentler sections of the multi-level fishway. These sections showed higher fish populations, resulting in accurate variable data. Statistical analysis of fish populations at these gentler sections allowed for estimation of the passage efficiency between adjacent marker points. The passage efficiency of each level was calculated and accumulated to form the overall passage efficiency of the entire fishway. However, the obtained fishway passage efficiency was lower than the actual efficiency. Further calculations were performed on sampled fish, and monitoring was conducted at different water speeds to obtain the passage time of fish at different speeds. This passage time was then compared with the passage efficiency.

[0039] In the preferred embodiment, the fish count detection of the sonar fish finder 4 employs the echo integration method and / or the echo counting method. The echo integration method assumes that the total scattered energy of a group of fish is the sum of the scattered energy of all individual targets. Therefore, the total scattered energy is obtained through an integrator, and then the average integral value of the echo signal is calculated. Combined with the pre-determined target intensity value of each individual target, the number of targets can be estimated.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the detection angle of the sonar fish detector 4 is 90-120°. This facilitates covering the entire fish passageway flat position, facilitates detecting the fish population inside the fish passageway 2, and facilitates estimating the number of fish population.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] Further illustrated in combination with Embodiment 1, as shown in the structure, Figs. 1-2

[0043] A1, the sonar fish detector 4 is installed at the multi-stage flat position of the fish passageway 2, marked as T1-T5, wherein T1 is the downstream fish passageway entrance, and T5 is the upstream exit of the fish passageway, as shown in the structure, Fig. 1

[0044] A2, when the fish population reaches the T1 position of the fish passageway 2 entrance, the number of fish population at the entrance is marked, and the number of fish population at the T2 position of the fish passageway 2 is recorded again by the sonar fish detector 4, and the marking is performed every 15-20 minutes, then the efficiency of the number of fish passing through T1-T2 is calculated according to the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] η = N2 / N1 1-2 is the efficiency of the number of fish passing through T1-T2; N2 is the number of marked fish entering the T2 position; and N1 is the number of marked fish entering the T1 position;

[0047] A3, according to the efficiency of fish passing through adjacent positions, the cumulative percentage of fish in each channel is calculated, and the cumulative percentage is the efficiency of fish passing through the entire fish passageway:

[0048]

[0049] η = N2 / N1 i is the efficiency of fish passing through the fish passageway; N i+1 is the number of fish passing through the i-th monitoring section; N i+1 is the number of fish at the i-th monitoring section; and R represents the number of monitoring sections set;

[0050] A4, according to the above calculation formula and statistical fish passing efficiency data, the data is analyzed by using RDeve]opmentCore Team language and SPSS software, and a comprehensive fish passing efficiency analysis table is obtained;

[0051] A5, according to the efficiency of fish passing, the operation of fish passing facilities is classified and evaluated, and the evaluation of fish passing facility operation is completed.

[0052] Embodiment 3

[0053] Further illustrated in combination with Embodiments 1-2, asFigs. 1-2 The structure is shown, B1, the fishway 2 distinguishes the continuous swimming speed of fish at different speeds, and the continuous swimming speed, the endurance swimming speed and the burst swimming speed, adopts a plurality of sample fish, measures the full length L of the fish, and sets an electronic tracking tag on the fish, the fish with the tag is passed through the fishway 2, the swimming speed V of the fish is monitored, the fish swimming endurance in the fishway 2 is analyzed by using the linear regression method;

[0054] log(E)=β0+β1V+β2L+β3T+e

[0055] In the formula, E is the endurance of the fish, L is the full length of the fish, T is the test water temperature; V is the swimming speed of the fish, e is a normally distributed error term, β0-β3 is the fishway 2 parameter, β0 is the horizontal height parameter of the fishway 2, β1 is the average flow speed data, β2 is the average fish size length coefficient, and β3 is the water temperature coefficient of each quarter;

[0056] The fish is marked by using a GPS marker, the fishway is monitored by using a marker telemetry recording device, and the swimming speed of the fish is collected.

[0057] B2, the endurance curve of the fish E and the swimming speed V of the fish can be calculated according to the formula in B1, the length d of the fishway and the swimming speed V of the fish are known S , the relationship between the speed of the flow and the swimming speed of the fish is calculated as follows:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, is the swimming passing time of the fish at V S , V f is the speed of the flow; V f is obtained, the speed of the flow and the passing time of the fish

[0060] B3, the greater the speed of the flow, the longer the passing time of the fish, the passing time of the fish is proportional to the passing efficiency of step S2, the greater the speed of the flow of the fishway 2, the lower the passing efficiency of the fish.

[0061] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present application, and should not be regarded as limitations of the present application, the protection scope of the present application should be the technical solutions recited in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features recited in the claims as the protection scope. That is, the equivalent replacement improvement within this range is also within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the operation of a fish passage facility, characterized by: The method includes: S1, installing a sonar fish finder (4) at the gentle section of the multi-level fishway, the sonar fish finder (4) detects the angle covering the entire pond body of the gentle section of the fishway, and the sonar fish finder (4) records and calculates the number of fish inside the pond body of the gentle section of the fishway. S2. Record the number of fish in the gentle sections of each level of the fishway and calculate the overall fish passage efficiency. S3. Measure the velocity of the water flow inside the fishway, calculate the efficiency of the fish passing through at various water flow velocities, optimize and modify the flow velocity of the fishway based on the calculated efficiency of the fish passing through the dam, and evaluate the operation of the fish passage facilities. The specific steps in step S2 are as follows: A1. Install sonar fish finders (4) at the multi-level gentle positions of the fishway (2), marked as T1-T5, where T1 is the downstream fishway inlet and T5 is the upstream fishway outlet; A2. When the fish reach the entrance of the fishway (2) at point T1, mark the number of fish at the entrance. When the fish reach the entrance of the fishway (2) at point T2, the sonar fish finder (4) records the number of fish at point T2 again. Mark the fish every 15-20 minutes. The efficiency formula for calculating the number of fish passing through T1-T2 is as follows: In the formula The efficiency of the number of fish passing through from T1 to T2; The number of marked fish that enter position T2; The number of marked fish that enter position T1; A3. Based on the fish passage efficiency of adjacent positions, calculate the cumulative percentage of fish in each channel. The cumulative percentage is the overall fish passage efficiency of the fishway. In the formula To improve the efficiency of fish passage, For the first i The number of test fish passing through each monitoring section marked with markers; For the first i The number of fish at the previous monitoring section. n Indicates the number of monitoring sections set; A4. Based on the above calculation formula and statistical data on fish passage efficiency, perform analysis of variance. Use R Development Core Team language and SPSS software to perform statistical analysis of the data and obtain a comprehensive fish passage efficiency analysis table. A5. Based on the efficiency of fish passage, classify and evaluate the operation of the fish passage facilities to complete the evaluation of the operation of the fish passage facilities.

2. The evaluation method for the operation of a fish passage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fish population detection of the sonar fish finder (4) adopts the echo integration method and / or echo counting method.

3. The evaluation method for the operation of a fish passage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sonar fish finder (4) has a detection angle of 90-120°.

4. The evaluation method for the operation of a fish passage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps in step S3 are as follows: B1. Based on the difference in the continuous swimming time of fish under different flow rates, the swimming speed of fish can be divided into continuous swimming speed, endurance swimming speed and burst swimming speed. Multiple sample fish were used to measure the total length L of the fish and set electronic tracking tags on the fish. The fish with tags used the fish passage (2) to cross the dam and monitor the swimming speed V of the fish. The linear regression method was used to analyze the swimming endurance of the fish inside the fish passage (2). In the formula, E represents the fish's endurance, L represents the fish's total length, T represents the test water temperature, V represents the fish's swimming speed, and e represents the normal distribution error term. For the fishway (2) parameters, The horizontal height parameter of the fishway (2) This is the average velocity data of the water flow. This is the average size and length coefficient of the fish school. For each quarter, the water temperature coefficient is used; B2. Based on the formula in B1, the endurance curve relating the fish's endurance E to its swimming speed V can be calculated, given the length d of the fishway and the fish's swimming speed. The formula for calculating the relationship between the speed of the water flow and the swimming speed of the fish is: In the formula For the fish Swimming time The velocity of the water flow; [the result is missing] The speed of the water flow and the time it takes for a fish to pass through. ; B3. The greater the speed of the water flow, the longer the fish will take to pass through. The passage time of the fish is directly proportional to the passage efficiency of step S2. The greater the speed of the water flow in the fishway (2), the lower the passage efficiency of the fish.

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