A time-domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of double exponential waves

Abstract

The present invention relates to a time domain calibration method for electromagnetic pulse measurement in the form of a double exponential wave, which solves the problem of selecting a standard pulse source waveform for calibration. The method comprises the following steps: 1. obtaining the frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system and constructing a database of waveforms to be measured; 2. calculating the peak value of the output waveform of each waveform to be measured after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system; 3. obtaining a library of optional standard pulse source waveforms; 4. calculating the theoretical value of the transmission coefficient when each optional standard pulse source waveform is used for calibration; 5. calculating the error when each waveform to be measured in the waveform database is measured using the transmission coefficient, and obtaining the error bound of the measurement result corresponding to each optional standard pulse source waveform, and selecting the optional standard pulse source waveform corresponding to the smallest error bound as the standard pulse source waveform s for transmission coefficient calibration. z (t); 6: using s z (t) Perform time domain calibration on the electromagnetic pulse measurement system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a calibration method for an electromagnetic pulse measurement system, in particular to a time domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of double exponential waves. Background Art

[0002] Electromagnetic pulse measurement systems primarily refer to pulsed electric field and pulsed current measurement systems. The measurement system must be calibrated before use. The concept of calibration is to calibrate certain parameters of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system using a standard source. For electromagnetic pulse measurement systems, calibration methods can be divided into time domain and frequency domain calibration methods, depending on the characteristics of the standard source. The standard source for time domain calibration generates a pulse signal, while the standard source for frequency domain calibration generates a series of sinusoidal signals. The characteristics of the measurement system are analyzed by analyzing the measurement system's response to the standard signal. Time domain calibration is commonly used to calibrate parameters such as the dynamic measurement range, linear range, transmission coefficient, and response time of electromagnetic pulse measurement systems. Frequency domain calibration is used to calibrate the frequency response, bandwidth, and other aspects of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system.

[0003] Electromagnetic pulse measurement systems have a wide bandwidth, with frequency response fluctuations within the operating frequency band of less than ±3dB. Therefore, when the frequency component of the measured signal is within the passband of the measurement system, the measurement system output waveform can be considered identical to the measured signal waveform, differing only in amplitude. The ratio between the measured signal and the measurement system output amplitude is the transmission coefficient. Therefore, the measurement system's transmission coefficient can be obtained through time-domain calibration. When using this measurement system to measure a pulse signal, the measured signal can be easily recovered by multiplying the measurement system output by the calibrated transmission coefficient. Currently, time-domain calibration is often performed using a square wave standard source. If the measured signal is a bi-exponential electromagnetic pulse, the difference in frequency component between the standard pulse source waveform and the bi-exponential electromagnetic pulse to be measured, coupled with fluctuations within the passband of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system's frequency response, can lead to errors when using the transmission coefficient to recover the measured waveform. Currently, there is no method to quantitatively analyze and optimize this error. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that there is an error when using the transmission coefficient to recover the waveform to be measured due to the difference in frequency components between the standard pulse source waveform and the electromagnetic pulse in the form of a double exponential wave to be measured, and there is fluctuation in the frequency response passband of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system. At present, there is no quantitative analysis and optimization method for this error. A time domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of a double exponential wave is provided. The method is characterized in that the standard pulse source waveform used for transmission coefficient calibration is optimized according to the signal range of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of a double exponential wave to be measured and the frequency response of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system, thereby minimizing the measurement error caused by the calibration pulse source waveform.

[0005] The design idea of the present invention is:

[0006] The difference between the standard pulse source waveform and the spectrum of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of a double exponential wave to be measured, as well as the fluctuations within the frequency response passband of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system, result in errors when using a calibrated transmission coefficient to recover the signal to be measured. In the present invention, the standard pulse source waveform for time domain calibration is determined based on the characteristics and range of the electromagnetic pulse signal in the form of a double exponential wave to be measured and the frequency response of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system. By defining and calculating the measurement error bounds caused by different standard pulse source waveforms, the standard pulse source waveform for time domain calibration is determined under the condition that the error bounds are minimized, so that the measurement error caused by the calibration pulse source waveform is minimized.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0008] A time domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of a double exponential wave is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Obtain the frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system; and according to the front edge t of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of the double exponential wave to be measured r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range of [R, F] is used to construct a waveform database to be tested, wherein the waveform database to be tested contains M waveforms to be tested, j is an imaginary number, and ω is the angular frequency;

[0010] Step 2: Based on the frequency response curve H(jω) in step 1 and the waveform database to be measured, calculate the peak value of the output waveform of each waveform to be measured after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system;

[0011] Step 3: Based on the leading edge t of the double exponential wave electromagnetic pulse to be measured r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range of [R, F] forms an optional standard pulse source waveform library, which includes N optional standard pulse source waveforms;

[0012] Step 4: Calculate the theoretical value of the transmission coefficient when calibrating the electromagnetic pulse measurement system using each optional standard pulse source waveform;

[0013] Step 5: Based on the theoretical value of each transmission coefficient in step 4 and the peak value of each output waveform in step 2, calculate the error when using the transmission coefficient to measure each waveform to be measured in the waveform database, and obtain the error bound of the measurement result corresponding to each optional standard pulse source waveform. Select the optional standard pulse source waveform corresponding to the smallest error bound as the standard pulse source waveform s for transmission coefficient calibration. z (t);

[0014] Step 6: Use the standard pulse source waveform s obtained in step 5 z(t) Perform time domain calibration on the electromagnetic pulse measurement system.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 1, the front edge t of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of a double exponential wave to be measured is r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range of [R, F], the method of constructing the waveform database to be tested is as follows:

[0016] Assume that the frontier step length is U and the half-width step length is P, then at the frontier t r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w Within the range [R, F], ((WQ) / U+1)((FR) / P+1) waveforms to be tested can be formed, and the ((WQ) / U+1)((FR) / P+1) waveforms to be tested constitute a waveform database to be tested.

[0017] Furthermore, the step 1 further includes preprocessing the waveform database to be measured to obtain a discrete waveform database to be measured after polarity unification and amplitude normalization processing, specifically:

[0018] By formula Perform polarity unification and amplitude normalization on each waveform to be tested in the waveform database, where xx l (n) represents the sample of the lth waveform to be tested in the waveform database before preprocessing, n represents the time series, x l (n) represents the lth waveform to be measured after preprocessing, l=1,2...M.

[0019] Furthermore, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0020] 2.1 Calculate the output waveform of each waveform to be measured in the waveform database after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with the transfer function H(jω);

[0021] The calculation formula of the output waveform is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] in Denotes discrete Fourier transform and inverse discrete Fourier transform, y l (n) represents the output waveform of the lth waveform to be measured after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with the transfer function H(jω);

[0024] 2.2 Based on the M output waveforms obtained in step 2.1, calculate the peak value of each output waveform;

[0025] By formula p l =||y l (n)||∞ Calculate the peak value of each output waveform, where p l Indicates the peak value of the lth output waveform.

[0026] Furthermore, the step 3 further includes pre-processing the optional standard pulse source waveform library to obtain the optional standard pulse source waveform library after polarity unification and amplitude normalization processing;

[0027] By formula Perform polarity unification and amplitude normalization on each optional standard pulse source waveform in the optional standard pulse source waveform library, where ss i (n) represents the sampling of the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform before preprocessing, s i (n) represents the i-th selectable standard pulse source waveform after preprocessing, i=1,2......N, n represents the time series.

[0028] Furthermore, the step 4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0029] 4.1 Calculate the output waveform of each optional standard pulse source waveform after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with a transfer function of H(jω);

[0030] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] in, They represent discrete Fourier transform and inverse discrete Fourier transform, sy i (n) represents the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform s i (n) Output waveform after passing through the system with transfer function H(jω);

[0033] 4.2 Based on each optional standard pulse source waveform in the optional standard pulse source waveform library in step 3 and the output waveform of each optional standard pulse source waveform in step 4.1 after passing through the system with the transfer function H(jω), calculate the peak value of each optional standard pulse source waveform and the peak value of its output waveform respectively;

[0034] The peak value S of the i-th selectable standard pulse source waveform i For: S i =||s i (n)|| ∞ ;

[0035] After the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform passes through the system with the transfer function H(jω), the peak value SY of the output waveform is i For: SY i =||sy i (n)||∞ ;

[0036] 4.3 Based on the peak value of each optional standard pulse source waveform and the peak value of its output waveform in step 4.2, calculate the theoretical value of the transmission coefficient corresponding to each optional standard pulse source waveform;

[0037] The theoretical value k of the transmission coefficient corresponding to the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform i for:

[0038] Furthermore, the step 5 includes the following steps:

[0039] 5.1 After calibrating the transmission coefficient with each optional standard pulse source waveform, use the electromagnetic pulse measurement system to measure each waveform to be measured in the waveform database to obtain the error bound of the measurement result obtained using the transmission coefficient;

[0040] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0041] δ i =1-k i p l∞

[0042] Among them, δ i It represents the error bound of the measurement result obtained by calibrating the transmission coefficient of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system using the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform and measuring the signal in the waveform library to be measured by the electromagnetic pulse measurement system;

[0043] 5.2 Based on the error bounds of each standard pulse source waveform in step 5.1, select the waveform of the optional standard pulse source corresponding to the smallest error bound as the standard pulse source waveform for transmission coefficient calibration.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0045] 1. The present invention makes full use of the frequency response of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system and the prior knowledge of the double exponential wave electromagnetic pulse to be measured (frontier t r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range [R, F]) is used to quantitatively give the error bound of the measurement result caused by the optional standard pulse source waveform for calibration theoretically, and the optional standard pulse source waveform corresponding to the smallest error bound is selected as the standard pulse source waveform for transmission coefficient calibration, thereby minimizing the measurement error caused by the calibration pulse source waveform.

[0046] 2. The present invention proposes a time domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of double exponential waves based on the error bound. This method provides a method for selecting the waveform of a standard pulse source when calibrating the transmission coefficient, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of a standard pulse source.

[0047] 3. The method proposed in the present invention can be integrated into the standard pulse source control program. According to the frequency response characteristics of the measurement system and the range of the double-exponential wave electromagnetic pulse to be measured, the output waveform of the optional standard pulse source waveform can be adjusted to provide high-quality calibration results, providing a reference for the construction of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system calibration platform.

[0048] 4. The time domain calibration method proposed in this invention can be extended to other forms of electromagnetic pulse signal measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is an experimental setup for obtaining the frequency response of an electromagnetic pulse current measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] FIG2( a ) is a diagram showing the relationship between frequency and amplitude of an electromagnetic pulse current measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] FIG2( b ) is a diagram showing the relationship between frequency and phase shift of an electromagnetic pulse current measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a waveform diagram of an electromagnetic pulse in the form of a double exponential wave in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 is a distribution diagram of the output amplitudes of all waveforms to be measured in the waveform database to be measured after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention, where P represents the amplitude;

[0054] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a time domain calibration test device for a pulse current measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 A flow chart of an embodiment of the time domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of double exponential waves according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0057] The present invention proposes a time domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of double exponential waves. The main improvement of the calibration method is that: according to the range of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of double exponential waves to be measured and the frequency response of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system, the standard pulse source waveform used for time domain calibration of the transmission coefficient is optimized, such as Figure 6 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0058] Step 1: Obtain the frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system; and according to the front edge t of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of the double exponential wave to be measured r The range [Q, W] and half-width t wThe range [R, F] is used to construct a waveform database to be tested, wherein the waveform database to be tested contains M waveforms to be tested, H represents the transfer function, j is an imaginary number, ω is the angular frequency, and in this embodiment, t r and t w The unit is ns;

[0059] The method for obtaining the frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system is as follows;

[0060] The frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system can be obtained from the product manual;

[0061] Alternatively, the frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system is obtained through frequency domain calibration results, and the relevant parameters of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system used meet the test requirements;

[0062] The method of obtaining the frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system through the frequency domain calibration result is as follows: if the selected electromagnetic pulse measurement system is an electromagnetic pulse current measurement system, Figure 1 The connection mode is used to perform frequency domain calibration. The frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system is calculated based on the measurement results, as shown in Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b). The ±3dB bandwidth of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system is about 200MHz.

[0063] B. Figure 3 As shown, according to the front edge t of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of a double exponential wave to be measured r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range of [R, F], the method of constructing the waveform database to be tested is as follows:

[0064] Assume that the frontier step length is U and the half-width step length is P, then at the frontier t r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w Within the range [R, F], ((WQ) / U+1)((FR) / P+1) waveforms to be tested can be formed, and ((WQ) / U+1)((FR) / P+1) waveforms to be tested constitute a waveform database to be tested, that is, M=((WQ) / U+1)((FR) / P+1). In this embodiment, the units of U and P are ns;

[0065] For example, assuming that the front edge of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of a double exponential wave to be measured is t r The range is [5ns, 20ns], and the half-width t w The range is [30ns, 200ns], the leading edge step length is set to 0.5ns, the half-width step length is set to 1ns, and at the leading edge t r The range is [5ns, 20ns], and the half-width t wUnder the premise that the range is [30ns, 200ns], M = 31 × 171 = 5301 waveforms to be tested can be generated, that is, M = 5301; the waveform database A to be tested is generated according to the user's test requirements;

[0066] To facilitate subsequent processing, all waveforms to be tested in the waveform database to be tested are preprocessed by polarity unification and amplitude normalization to obtain the preprocessed waveform database to be tested. The method for obtaining the preprocessed waveform database to be tested is as follows:

[0067] The waveform to be measured after preprocessing is calculated using the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, xx l (n) represents the lth waveform to be tested in the waveform database before preprocessing, n represents time, x l (n) represents the lth waveform to be measured after preprocessing, l = 1, 2...M;

[0070] Step 2: Based on the frequency response curve H(jω) in step 1 and the waveform database to be measured, calculate the peak value of the output waveform of each waveform to be measured after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system. The results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 In the figure, the horizontal axis and vertical axis are the leading edge and half width of the waveform to be measured, respectively, and the vertical axis represents the peak value;

[0071] 2.1 Calculate the output waveform of each waveform to be measured in the waveform database obtained in step 1 after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with the transfer function H(jω), and the number of output waveforms is M;

[0072] The calculation formula of the output waveform is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] in Denotes discrete Fourier transform and inverse discrete Fourier transform, y l (n) represents the output waveform of the lth waveform to be measured after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with the transfer function H(jω);

[0075] 2.2 Based on the M output waveforms obtained in step 2.1, calculate the peak value of each output waveform;

[0076] By formula p l =||y l (n)|| ∞ Calculate the peak value of each output waveform, where p l Indicates the peak value of the lth output waveform;

[0077] Step 3: Based on the leading edge t of the double exponential wave electromagnetic pulse to be measured r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range of [R, F] is formed to form an optional standard pulse source waveform library, which includes N standard pulse source waveforms that can be used to calibrate the transmission coefficient of the measurement system;

[0078] Assume that there are three optional standard pulse source waveforms, that is, N = 3, the first one is the leading edge t r =5ns, half-width t w =30ns double exponential wave, the second one is the leading edge t r =10ns, half-width t w =100ns double exponential wave, the third one is the leading edge t r =20ns, half-width t w =200ns double exponential wave;

[0079] To facilitate subsequent processing, polarity unification and amplitude normalization preprocessing are performed on the N optional standard pulse source waveforms in the optional standard pulse source waveform library to obtain an optional standard pulse source waveform library consisting of the N preprocessed optional standard pulse source waveforms.

[0080] The optional standard pulse source waveform after preprocessing is calculated by the following formula;

[0081]

[0082] Among them, ss i (t) represents the sampling of the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform before preprocessing. The sampling must satisfy the Nyquist sampling theorem. s i (t) represents the waveform of the i-th selectable standard pulse source after preprocessing, i=1, 2...N, N=3;

[0083] Step 4: Based on the optional standard pulse source waveform library in step 3, calculate the theoretical value of the transmission coefficient when each optional standard pulse source waveform in the optional standard pulse source waveform library is used to calibrate the electromagnetic pulse measurement system;

[0084] 4.1 As Figure 5 As shown, the output waveform of each optional standard pulse source waveform after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with a transfer function of H(jω) is calculated;

[0085] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] in, They represent Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform, syi (n) represents the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform s i (n) Output waveform after passing through the system with transfer function H(jω);

[0088] 4.2 Based on each optional standard pulse source waveform in the optional standard pulse source waveform library in step 3 and the output waveform of each optional standard pulse source waveform in step 4.1 after passing through the system with the transfer function H(jω), calculate the peak value of each optional standard pulse source waveform and the peak value of its output waveform respectively;

[0089] The peak value S of the i-th selectable standard pulse source waveform i For: S i =||s i (n)|| ∞ ;

[0090] After the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform passes through the system with the transfer function H(jω), the peak value SY of the output waveform is i For: SY i =||sy i (n)|| ∞ ;

[0091] 4.3 Through formula Calculate and obtain the theoretical value k of the transmission coefficient corresponding to each optional standard pulse source waveform;

[0092] The transmission coefficient k corresponding to the i-th standard pulse source i The calculation formula is:

[0093] Due to s i (t) is the waveform of the i-th selectable standard pulse source after normalization preprocessing, so S i =1;

[0094] In this embodiment, the calculated transmission coefficient theoretical value k1 corresponding to the first optional standard pulse source waveform is 1.0781, the calculated transmission coefficient theoretical value k2 corresponding to the second optional standard pulse source waveform is 1.0520, and the calculated transmission coefficient theoretical value k3 corresponding to the third optional standard pulse source waveform is 1.047.

[0095] Step 5: Based on the theoretical value of each transmission coefficient in step 4 and the peak value of each output waveform in step 2, calculate the error when using the transmission coefficient to measure each waveform to be measured in the waveform database, and obtain the error bound of the measurement result corresponding to each optional standard pulse source waveform. Select the optional standard pulse source waveform corresponding to the smallest error bound as the standard pulse source waveform s for transmission coefficient calibration. z (t);

[0096] 5.1 After calibrating the transmission coefficient with each optional standard pulse source waveform, use the electromagnetic pulse measurement system to measure each waveform to be measured in the waveform database to obtain the error bound of the measurement result obtained using the transmission coefficient;

[0097] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0098] δ i =||1-k i p l || ∞

[0099] Among them, δ i It represents the error bound of the measurement result obtained by calibrating the transmission coefficient of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system using the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform and measuring the signal in the waveform library to be measured by the electromagnetic pulse measurement system;

[0100] Specifically: The error ranges corresponding to the three optional standard pulse sources are calculated to be [-2.9% 0%], [-0.4% 2.4%], and [0.2.8%], respectively. The corresponding error bounds are δ1 = 2.9%, δ2 = 2.4%, and δ3 = 2.8%;

[0101] 5.2 Based on the error bounds of each standard pulse source waveform in step 5.1, select the waveform of the optional standard pulse source corresponding to the smallest error bound as the standard pulse source waveform for transmission coefficient calibration;

[0102] Among them, the smallest error bound is δ2=2.4%, then s z (t) = s2(t), that is, the standard pulse source waveform selected by the present invention is the leading edge t r =10ns, half-width t w = 100ns double exponential wave.

[0103] Step 6: Use the transmission coefficient obtained in step 5 to calibrate the standard pulse source waveform s z (t) Selecting a standard pulse source based on the measurement range of the measurement system and performing time domain calibration on the double exponential wave electromagnetic pulse measurement system;

[0104] According to the standard pulse source, the oscilloscope outputs V source and the current sensor output V out Calibration to obtain the time domain transmission coefficient k cal

[0105]

Claims

1. A time domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of double exponential waves, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Obtain the frequency response curve H(jω) of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system; and according to the front edge t of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of the double exponential wave to be measured r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range of [R, F] is used to construct a waveform database to be tested, wherein the waveform database to be tested contains M waveforms to be tested, j is an imaginary number, and ω is the angular frequency; Step 2: Based on the frequency response curve H(jω) in step 1 and the waveform database to be measured, calculate the peak value of the output waveform of each waveform to be measured after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system; Step 3: Based on the leading edge t of the double exponential wave electromagnetic pulse to be measured r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range of [R, F] forms an optional standard pulse source waveform library, which includes N optional standard pulse source waveforms; Step 4: Calculate the theoretical value of the transmission coefficient when calibrating the electromagnetic pulse measurement system using each optional standard pulse source waveform; Step 5: Based on the theoretical value of each transmission coefficient in step 4 and the peak value of each output waveform in step 2, calculate the error when using the transmission coefficient to measure each waveform to be measured in the waveform database, and obtain the error bound of the measurement result corresponding to each optional standard pulse source waveform. Select the optional standard pulse source waveform corresponding to the smallest error bound as the standard pulse source waveform s for transmission coefficient calibration. z (t); Step 6: Use the standard pulse source waveform s obtained in step 5 z (t) Time domain calibration of electromagnetic pulse measurement systems; The step 4 specifically includes the following steps: 4.1 Calculate the output waveform of each optional standard pulse source waveform after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with a transfer function of H(jω); The calculation formula is as follows: in, They represent discrete Fourier transform and inverse discrete Fourier transform, sy i (n) represents the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform s i (n) Output waveform after passing through the system with transfer function H(jω); 4.2 Based on each optional standard pulse source waveform in the optional standard pulse source waveform library in step 3 and the output waveform of each optional standard pulse source waveform in step 4.1 after passing through the system with the transfer function H(jω), calculate the peak value of each optional standard pulse source waveform and the peak value of its output waveform respectively; The peak value S of the i-th selectable standard pulse source waveform i For: S i =||s i (n)|| ∞ ; After the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform passes through the system with the transfer function H(jω), the peak value SY of the output waveform is i For: SY i =||sy i (n)|| ∞ ; 4.3 Based on the peak value of each optional standard pulse source waveform and the peak value of its output waveform in step 4.2, calculate the theoretical value of the transmission coefficient corresponding to each optional standard pulse source waveform; The theoretical value k of the transmission coefficient corresponding to the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform i for: The step 5 comprises the following steps: 5.1 After calibrating the transmission coefficient with each optional standard pulse source waveform, use the electromagnetic pulse measurement system to measure each waveform to be measured in the waveform database to obtain the error bound of the measurement result obtained using the transmission coefficient; The calculation formula is as follows: d i =||1-k i p l || ∞ Among them, δ i It represents the error bound of the measurement result obtained by calibrating the transmission coefficient of the electromagnetic pulse measurement system using the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform and measuring the signal in the waveform library to be measured by the electromagnetic pulse measurement system; 5.2 Based on the error bounds of each standard pulse source waveform in step 5.1, select the waveform of the optional standard pulse source corresponding to the smallest error bound as the standard pulse source waveform for transmission coefficient calibration.

2. The time domain calibration method for measuring a double exponential wave electromagnetic pulse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the front edge t of the electromagnetic pulse in the form of a double exponential wave to be measured is r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w The range of [R, F], the method of constructing the waveform database to be tested is as follows: Assume that the frontier step length is U and the half-width step length is P, then at the frontier t r The range [Q, W] and half-width t w Within the range [R, F], ((WQ) / U+1)((FR) / P+1) waveforms to be tested can be formed, and the ((WQ) / U+1)((FR) / P+1) waveforms to be tested constitute a waveform database to be tested.

3. The time domain calibration method for measuring a double exponential wave electromagnetic pulse according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step 1 further includes pre-processing the waveform database to be tested to obtain a discrete waveform database to be tested after polarity unification and amplitude normalization, specifically: By formula Perform polarity unification and amplitude normalization on each waveform to be tested in the waveform database, where xx l (n) represents the sample of the lth waveform to be tested in the waveform database to be tested, n represents the time series, x l (n) represents the lth waveform to be measured after preprocessing, l=1,2...M.

4. The time domain calibration method for measuring a double exponential wave electromagnetic pulse according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step 2 specifically includes the following steps: 2.1 Calculate the output waveform of each waveform to be measured in the waveform database after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with the transfer function H(jω); The calculation formula of the output waveform is as follows: in Denotes discrete Fourier transform and inverse discrete Fourier transform, y l (n) represents the output waveform of the lth waveform to be measured after passing through the electromagnetic pulse measurement system with the transfer function H(jω); 2.2 Based on the M output waveforms obtained in step 2.1, calculate the peak value of each output waveform; By formula p l =||y l (n)|| ∞ Calculate the peak value of each output waveform, where p l Indicates the peak value of the lth output waveform.

5. The time domain calibration method for measuring electromagnetic pulses in the form of double exponential waves according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step 3 further includes pre-processing the optional standard pulse source waveform library to obtain the optional standard pulse source waveform library after polarity unification and amplitude normalization processing; By formula Perform polarity unification and amplitude normalization on each optional standard pulse source waveform in the optional standard pulse source waveform library, where ss i (n) represents the sampling of the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform before preprocessing, s i (n) represents the i-th optional standard pulse source waveform after preprocessing, i=1,2...N, and n represents the time series.

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