Photonic integrated circuit, control method, device and medium

Abstract

The present application discloses a photonic integrated circuit, control method, device and medium, which are related to the field of optics. By controlling the electro-optic effect of the lithium niobate layer and the oscillation signal of the microwave oscillator through an external electrical signal, any effective refractive index distribution can be achieved in theory, realizing the programmable control of the metastructure waveguide, and promoting the reusability and sustainable use of the device; it has the ability to reset functions, and can switch in real time according to the written external voltage program, realizing true artificial intelligence; multiple functions can be achieved through a single structure, reducing production costs and technical barriers, and providing a way of scalability, with strong application potential; compared with thermo-optical and acousto-optic modulation technologies, the electro-optical control and microwave control provided by the present application have fast modulation speed, low cost and high repeatability; compared with two-dimensional materials and nonlinear modulation technologies, the electro-optical control and microwave control provided by the present application have stable working conditions and are easy to process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of optics, and in particular to a photonic integrated circuit, a control method, a device and a medium. Background Art

[0002] Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC), also known as photonic integration technology, is a low-cost, high-speed optical chip technology based on silicon photonics. It uses the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) microelectronics process based on silicon materials to realize the integrated preparation of photonic devices. This technology combines the ultra-large-scale logic and ultra-high precision manufacturing characteristics of CMOS technology with the advantages of ultra-high speed and ultra-low power consumption of photonic technology. Photonic integrated circuits shrink and integrate numerous optical components that were originally separate devices into an independent microchip, achieving high integration, low cost, and high-speed optical transmission.

[0003] At present, most PICs are dedicated photonic integrated circuits. Once processed and manufactured, their optical path structure and working performance are fixed and cannot be applied to a variety of application fields and scenarios.

[0004] It can be seen that providing a photonic integrated circuit that can achieve multi-functions is a technical problem that people in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a photonic integrated circuit, a control method, a device and a medium, which give the PIC programmable and tunable characteristics, so as to improve the performance of traditional waveguide devices, expand the scope of application and extend the functional scope of traditional waveguide devices.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a photonic integrated circuit, including a controller, a power supply, and also including: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer;

[0007] The lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate;

[0008] The silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer;

[0009] The microwave oscillator is a preset distance away from the silicon optical waveguide;

[0010] The power supply is connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer respectively;

[0011] The controller is connected to the power supply, and is used to adjust the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and obtain a first electric signal, and control the microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within the preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electric signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or is used to adjust the second electric signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer, and adjust the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electric signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after the refractive index is adjusted.

[0012] Preferably, the number of the power sources is the sum of the number of the lithium niobate layers and the number of the microwave oscillators.

[0013] Preferably, the silicon optical waveguide is a silicon strip waveguide, and the thickness of the silicon optical waveguide is 220 nm.

[0014] Preferably, there are a plurality of silicon strip waveguides; the number of the microwave oscillators in each group is 2, and they are respectively located on both sides of the silicon strip waveguide.

[0015] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application also provides a control method of a photonic integrated circuit, which is applied to a photonic integrated circuit including a controller and a power supply, and also includes: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer, wherein the lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; the silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; the microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide; the power supply is respectively connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer; the controller is connected to the power supply, and the method includes:

[0016] Adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and obtaining a first electrical signal and / or adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer and obtaining a second electrical signal;

[0017] The microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within the preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide is controlled according to the first electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer is adjusted according to the second electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after adjusting the refractive index.

[0018] Preferably, the step of adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator or adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer comprises:

[0019] Acquire a current optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide; wherein the optical response curve is at least one of a refraction curve, a transmission curve, and an optical loss curve;

[0020] Inputting the current optical response curve into a pre-predictive model, wherein the predictive model is a model that characterizes the relationship between the optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide and the structural characteristics of the silicon optical waveguide and the electrical signal provided by the power supply;

[0021] Outputting the target structural characteristics and target electrical signals corresponding to the current optical response curve through the prediction model;

[0022] Acquiring a current electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator or the lithium niobate layer;

[0023] Determining whether the current electrical signal is the same as the target electrical signal;

[0024] If not, the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator or the lithium niobate layer is adjusted from the current electric signal to the target electric signal.

[0025] Preferably, establishing the prediction model comprises:

[0026] Acquiring sample data, wherein the sample data includes an electrical signal provided by the power supply, a structural characteristic of the silicon optical waveguide, and an optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide;

[0027] The sample data is input into an artificial intelligence model algorithm for training to obtain the prediction model.

[0028] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application also provides a control device for a photonic integrated circuit, which is applied to a photonic integrated circuit including a controller and a power supply, and also includes: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer, wherein the lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; the silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; the microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide; the power supply is connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer respectively; the controller is connected to the power supply, and the device includes:

[0029] an adjusting and acquiring module, used for adjusting the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and acquiring a first electric signal and / or adjusting the electric signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer and acquiring a second electric signal;

[0030] A control module is used to control the microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within the preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or adjust the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after the refractive index is adjusted.

[0031] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application also provides a control device for a photonic integrated circuit, comprising:

[0032] Memory for storing computer programs;

[0033] The processor is used to implement the steps of the above-mentioned photonic integrated circuit control method when executing the computer program.

[0034] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned photonic integrated circuit control method are implemented.

[0035] The photonic integrated circuit provided in the present application includes a controller, a power supply, and also includes: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer; the lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; the silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; the microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide; the power supply is connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer respectively; the controller is connected to the power supply, and is used to adjust the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and obtain a first electrical signal, and control the microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within the preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electrical signal; and / or is used to adjust the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer and obtain a second electrical signal, and adjust the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after the refractive index is adjusted. In this circuit, the electro-optic effect of the lithium niobate layer and the oscillation signal of the microwave oscillator are controlled by external electrical signals, so that any effective refractive index distribution can be realized in theory, realizing the programmable control of the metawaveguide and promoting the reusability and sustainable use of the device; it has the ability to reset functions and can switch in real time according to the programmed external voltage program to realize true artificial intelligence; multiple functions can be achieved through a single structure, reducing production costs and technical barriers, and providing a way of upgradeability, with strong application potential and huge commercial value; compared with thermo-optic and acousto-optic modulation technologies, the electro-optical control and microwave control provided by this application have fast modulation speed, low cost and high repeatability; compared with two-dimensional materials and nonlinear modulation technologies, the electro-optical control and microwave control circuits provided by this application have stable working conditions and are easy to process.

[0036] In addition, the present application also provides a control method, device and computer-readable storage medium for a photonic integrated circuit, which have the same or corresponding technical features as the above-mentioned photonic integrated circuit and have the same effects as above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of a photonic integrated circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG2( a ) is a refractive index profile of unmodulated silicon (side view);

[0040] FIG2( b ) is a diagram of effective refractive index distribution under voltage modulation (side view);

[0041] FIG2( c ) is another effective refractive index distribution diagram under voltage modulation (side view);

[0042] FIG3( a ) is a refractive index profile of unmodulated silicon (top view);

[0043] FIG3( b ) is a diagram of effective refractive index distribution under voltage modulation (top view);

[0044] FIG3( c ) is another effective refractive index distribution diagram under voltage modulation (top view);

[0045] FIG4( a ) is a diagram of the triangular network topology composed of meta-waveguides;

[0046] FIG4( b ) is a diagram showing the topological structure of a quadrilateral network composed of meta-waveguides;

[0047] FIG4( c ) is a diagram showing the topological structure of a hexagonal network composed of meta-waveguides;

[0048] FIG4( d ) is a diagram showing the topological structure of a heptagonal network composed of meta-waveguides;

[0049] Figure 5 A flow chart of a control method of a photonic integrated circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 6 A flow chart of a method for designing a meta-waveguide structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 7 A structural diagram of a control device for a photonic integrated circuit provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 8 A structural diagram of a control device for a photonic integrated circuit provided in another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] The core of this application is to provide a photonic integrated circuit, control method, device and medium, which give PIC programmable and tunable characteristics, so as to improve the performance of traditional waveguide devices, expand the scope of application and extend the functional scope of traditional waveguide devices.

[0055] PIC, also known as photonic integration technology, is a low-cost, high-speed optical chip technology based on silicon photonics. It uses CMOS microelectronics technology based on silicon materials to realize the integrated preparation of photonic devices. This technology combines the ultra-large-scale logic and ultra-high precision manufacturing characteristics of CMOS technology with the advantages of ultra-high speed and ultra-low power consumption of photonic technology. Photonic integrated circuits shrink and integrate the numerous optical components of the original separate devices into an independent microchip to achieve high integration, low cost, and high-speed optical transmission. Compared with traditional discrete optical module devices, silicon photonic devices have higher integration and are more suitable for future high-speed traffic transmission and processing needs. At the same time, tighter integration reduces the packaging and manufacturing costs of optical modules. PIC core devices mainly include optical active and passive devices based on silicon semiconductor materials, including silicon-based semiconductor lasers (responsible for converting electrical signals into optical signals), silicon-based photodetectors (responsible for converting optical signals into electrical signals), silicon-based optical modulators (responsible for increasing the bandwidth of optical signals), planar waveguides (responsible for the transmission of optical signals on silicon-based materials), grating couplers (responsible for aligning with externally connected optical fibers to reduce insertion loss), etc. Compared to traditional electronic integrated circuits, PICs use optical signals instead of electrical signals to transmit data, and use waveguides instead of electronic wires as the transmission medium. Compared to their electronic equivalents, optical signals are able to increase speed and provide more bandwidth. At present, research in the field of PIC based on silicon photonics is booming, especially because it is compatible with existing CMOS manufacturing technology using materials such as silicon and silicon dioxide. In the field of PIC, optical waveguides are widely used in photonic integrated circuits. They are able to transfer light energy and signals from one optical element to another and are the most important part of PIC.

[0056] A metasurface is generally composed of an array of optical scatterers. It is a cleverly designed artificial electromagnetic interface that can flexibly control the macroscopic properties of electromagnetic waves such as phase, polarization, and transmission by controlling the microstructure at the subwavelength scale. In the past, people's research focus was generally on the regulation and application of free-space light fields by metasurfaces. However, in recent years, subwavelength structures such as metasurfaces have been integrated on various optical waveguide platforms to develop new optoelectronic devices for applications such as optical information processing, biochemical detection, sensing, and artificial intelligence. Metawaveguides are a new type of optical waveguide that combines the concept of "metasurfaces" with optical waveguide platforms and integrates metasurfaces or metamaterials on various optical waveguide structures. Metawaveguides can flexibly and freely regulate optical signals in waveguides at the subwavelength scale, significantly improving the performance indicators of traditional integrated waveguide devices, reducing device size, expanding the scope of application, and developing a variety of optoelectronic devices with new functions.

[0057] At present, most PICs are dedicated photonic integrated circuits. Once processed and manufactured, their optical path structure and working efficiency remain fixed and cannot be applied to a variety of application fields and scenarios. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of fixed functions and single structures of existing photonic integrated circuits and realize miniaturized and integrated metasurface optoelectronic devices, this application designs a new type of programmable photonic integrated circuit based on the dynamic control function of optical metasurfaces. The effective refractive index distribution of the on-chip optical waveguide is reconfigured by electro-optical modulation and microwave modulation, thereby realizing the re-control of the optical signal. The programmability also gives the chip the function of automatic error correction.

[0058] In order to enable people in the technical field to better understand the present application scheme, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. This embodiment provides a photonic integrated circuit, which includes a controller, a power supply, and also includes: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer;

[0059] The lithium niobate layer is on a glass substrate;

[0060] Silicon optical waveguides and microwave oscillators are located on the lithium niobate layer;

[0061] The microwave oscillator is a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide;

[0062] The power source is connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer respectively;

[0063] The controller is connected to the power supply, and is used to adjust the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and obtain a first electric signal, and control the microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electric signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or is used to adjust the second electric signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer, and adjust the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electric signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after the refractive index is adjusted.

[0064] For metasurfaces, tunability is an important requirement for the practical application of metasurfaces. Currently, metasurfaces can be regulated by mechanical deformation, electrical integration component encoding, or direct use of refractive index tunable materials. Among them, mechanical deformation, electrical integration, etc. mainly work in the microwave band, while refractive index tunable materials can change the refractive index of the metasurface structural unit through external thermal, electrical and optical excitations to regulate the properties of the entire wavefront. Metasurfaces based on refractive index tunable materials are often easier to integrate and can work in the optical frequency band than tunable metasurfaces using other methods. Thermo-optic effect-based regulation and phase change-based regulation are the two main methods of refractive index regulation at this stage: using the thermo-optic effect of the material to change the refractive index of the material by changing the temperature, and the typical material used is silicon; using external excitation to make the phase change material produce a phase change, and using the difference in refractive index between different phases to achieve regulation of the metasurface. Common materials include liquid crystal, sulfide glass, vanadium dioxide, etc. In this embodiment, based on the electro-optic modulation characteristics of the lithium niobate layer and the control technology of the microwave oscillator, the effective refractive index distribution of the optical waveguide is made tunable.

[0065] The lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate, and a silicon optical waveguide and a microwave oscillator are placed on the lithium niobate layer. The microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide, and the preset distance is not limited. The power supply is connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer. There is no limitation on the shape, thickness, area, etc. of the silicon optical waveguide, glass substrate, and lithium niobate layer, which are determined according to actual conditions. For example, the silicon optical waveguide can be a silicon strip waveguide or other silicon optical waveguide, such as a silicon slit waveguide, a silicon V-shaped waveguide, etc. There is no limitation on the light source input to the silicon optical waveguide, such as a single-mode fiber laser with a wavelength of 1550nm or other optical communication bands. The signal light is incident from one end of the waveguide, and after passing through the modulation structure, it is emitted from the port on the other side to realize programmable control of the output signal. In this application, the light field in the waveguide can be artificially controlled during the transmission process. In this way, the light waves are distributed on demand and rerouted in space under software control. The modulation structure in the embodiment of the present application refers to a microwave oscillator and a lithium niobate layer. In practice, there may be other modulation structures, all of which are within the protection scope of the present application. Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of a photonic integrated circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1As shown, the lithium niobate layer 2 is located on the glass substrate 1 ; the silicon strip waveguide 4 and the microwave oscillator 3 are located on the lithium niobate layer 2 ; there are two microwave oscillators 3 , which are distributed on both sides of the silicon strip waveguide 4 .

[0066] Specifically, the microwave oscillator is controlled by applying an external voltage signal to realize the excitation of microwaves near the waveguide, and the refractive index of the material in the waveguide is disturbed under the action of the nearby microwave signal, thereby making the effective refractive index of the light field mode in the waveguide. The electro-optic modulation platform is made with lithium niobate material as the substrate, and the optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are both placed on the lithium niobate layer. The refractive index of the lithium niobate thin film layer is controlled by an external voltage signal, and the refractive index of the material in the waveguide is also disturbed under the action of the electro-optic effect of the lithium niobate thin film layer, resulting in changes in the characteristics of the light wave passing through the waveguide, and the modulation of the phase, amplitude, intensity and polarization state of the optical signal is modulated. It should be noted that the effective refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide can be adjusted by microwave control alone, or by electro-optical control alone, or by microwave control and electro-optical control together. The external voltage controls the electro-optical effect of lithium niobate and the microwave oscillation signal. In theory, any effective refractive index distribution can be achieved, including periodicity and irregularity. Figure 2(a) is a refractive index distribution diagram of unmodulated silicon (side view), Figure 2(b) is an effective refractive index distribution diagram under one voltage modulation (side view), and Figure 2(c) is an effective refractive index distribution diagram under another voltage modulation (side view); Figure 3(a) is a refractive index distribution diagram of unmodulated silicon (top view), Figure 3(b) is an effective refractive index distribution diagram under one voltage modulation (top view), and Figure 3(c) is an effective refractive index distribution diagram under another voltage modulation (top view).

[0067] The photonic integrated circuit provided in this embodiment includes a controller, a power supply, and also includes: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer; the lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; the silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; the microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide; the power supply is connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer respectively; the controller is connected to the power supply, and is used to adjust the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and obtain a first electric signal, and control the microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electric signal; and / or to adjust the electric signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer and obtain a second electric signal, and adjust the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electric signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after adjusting the refractive index. The PIC is endowed with programmable and tunable characteristics, and the light wave is artificially and dynamically controlled under an external electric control signal, providing a novel solution for realizing compact and high-performance dynamic control of light fields. In this circuit, the electro-optic effect of the lithium niobate layer and the oscillation signal of the microwave oscillator are controlled by an external electrical signal, so that any effective refractive index distribution can be realized in theory, realizing the programmable control of the metawaveguide and promoting the reusability and sustainable use of the device; it has the ability to reset functions and can switch in real time according to the written external voltage program to realize true artificial intelligence; multiple functions can be achieved through a single structure, reducing production costs and technical barriers, and providing a way of upgradeability, with strong application potential and huge commercial value; compared with thermo-optical and acousto-optic modulation technologies, the electro-optical control and microwave control provided in the embodiments of the present application have fast modulation speed, low cost and high repeatability; compared with two-dimensional materials and nonlinear modulation technologies, the electro-optical control and microwave control circuits provided in the embodiments of the present application have stable working conditions and are easy to process.

[0068] In practice, the same power supply can be used to power the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer, or different power supplies can be used to power the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer. However, since the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer adjust the effective refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide differently under different voltage signals, and thus realize different functions, such as interconnection, information processing, coupling, etc., it is preferred to use different power supplies to power the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer. In a preferred embodiment, the number of power supplies is the sum of the number of lithium niobate layers and the number of microwave oscillators.

[0069] A power source is connected to a microwave oscillator or a lithium niobate layer, and the power source is controlled by a controller to apply voltage to the microwave oscillator or the lithium niobate layer. It should be noted that the number of power sources selected in this embodiment is the sum of the number of lithium niobate layers and the number of microwave oscillators, which is suitable for the case where the sum of the number of lithium niobate layers and the number of microwave oscillators is small. If the sum of the number of lithium niobate layers and the number of microwave oscillators increases, there are too many power sources in the circuit, resulting in a more complicated circuit structure.

[0070] The number of power supplies provided in this embodiment is the sum of the number of lithium niobate layers and the number of microwave oscillators, so that different external voltage signals can be provided to the lithium niobate layers and the microwave oscillators through different power supplies, thereby realizing multiple modulations of the effective refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide and realizing multiple functions.

[0071] Photonic integrated circuits use CMOS microelectronics technology based on silicon materials to realize the integrated preparation of photonic devices. This technology combines the ultra-large-scale logic and ultra-high precision manufacturing characteristics of CMOS technology with the advantages of ultra-high speed and ultra-low power consumption of photonic technology. Therefore, in order to be compatible with the standard CMOS 220nm processing technology, the preferred embodiment is that the silicon optical waveguide is a silicon strip waveguide with a thickness of 220nm. Figure 1 In the process, the silicon strip waveguide has a thickness of 220nm and a width of 300nm to 500nm, which is compatible with the standard CMOS 220nm processing technology. The lithium niobate layer has a thickness of 100nm to 300nm, and the surrounding medium can be air or water.

[0072] In order to improve the bandwidth and efficiency of photonic integrated circuits, so as to process complex optical calculations and realize real-time regulation and switching of multiple different functions, a preferred implementation is that there are multiple silicon strip waveguides; the number of microwave oscillators in each group is 2, and they are located on both sides of the silicon strip waveguide respectively.

[0073] Figure 4(a) is a triangular network topology diagram composed of meta-waveguides, Figure 4(b) is a quadrilateral network topology diagram composed of meta-waveguides, Figure 4(c) is a hexagonal network topology diagram composed of meta-waveguides, and Figure 4(d) is a heptagonal network topology diagram composed of meta-waveguides. In Figures 4(a), 4(b), 4(c), and 4(d), the connected lines represent multiple meta-waveguide connections, and the black rectangles represent microwave oscillators. Specifically, in Figure 4(a), the metawaveguides form a triangle, and a group of microwave oscillators are placed on both sides of each metawaveguide; in Figure 4(b), the metawaveguides form a rectangle, and there is no microwave oscillator on both sides of the metawaveguide, or there is a group of microwave oscillators, or there are two groups of microwave oscillators; in Figure 4(c), the metawaveguides form a hexagon, and there is no microwave oscillator on both sides of the metawaveguide, or there is a group of microwave oscillators; in Figure 4(d), the metawaveguides form a heptagon, and there is no microwave oscillator on both sides of the metawaveguide, or there is a group of microwave oscillators.

[0074] The network topology structure composed of multiple meta-waveguides provided in this embodiment improves the bandwidth and efficiency of photonic integrated circuits, can handle complex optical calculations, and realize real-time regulation and switching of multiple different functions.

[0075] A photonic integrated circuit is described above. This embodiment also provides a control method for a photonic integrated circuit, which is applied to a photonic integrated circuit including a controller and a power supply, and also includes: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer, wherein the lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; the silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; the microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide; the power supply is respectively connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer; and the controller is connected to the power supply. Figure 5 A flow chart of a control method of a photonic integrated circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 5 As shown, the method includes:

[0076] S10: adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and obtaining a first electrical signal and / or adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer and obtaining a second electrical signal;

[0077] S11: controlling a microwave signal of a microwave oscillator within a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or adjusting the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after adjusting the refractive index.

[0078] The control method of the photonic integrated circuit provided in this embodiment has corresponding technical features to the photonic integrated circuit provided above. The embodiment of the photonic integrated circuit has been described in detail above, and the embodiment of the control method of the photonic integrated circuit will not be repeated here, and has the same beneficial effects as the photonic integrated circuit mentioned above.

[0079] The structure of the meta-waveguide is relatively complex. In order to meet higher requirements such as large-scale integration, the intuitive design method based on traditional physical models faces great challenges. In order to obtain the best performance, multiple parameters need to be designed. When designing parameters, the preferred implementation is that the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator or the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer includes:

[0080] Obtaining a current optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide; wherein the optical response curve is at least one of a refraction curve, a transmission curve, and an optical loss curve;

[0081] Inputting the current optical response curve into a pre-predictive model, wherein the predictive model is a model that characterizes the relationship between the optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide and the structural characteristics of the silicon optical waveguide and the electrical signal provided by the power supply;

[0082] Output the target structural characteristics and target electrical signals corresponding to the current optical response curve through the prediction model;

[0083] Acquire the current electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator or the lithium niobate layer;

[0084] Determine whether the current electrical signal is the same as the target electrical signal;

[0085] If not, the electric signal supplied to the microwave oscillator or the lithium niobate layer is adjusted from the current electric signal to the target electric signal.

[0086] Building a predictive model involves:

[0087] Acquiring sample data, wherein the sample data includes an electrical signal provided by a power supply, structural characteristics of the silicon optical waveguide, and an optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide;

[0088] The sample data is input into the artificial intelligence model algorithm for training to obtain a predictive model.

[0089] In this embodiment, a neural network algorithm is introduced to complete the design of the meta-waveguide structure. The optical response curve of the meta-waveguide (such as optical loss curve, transmission curve, mode field area, etc.) is the standard for realizing circuit design. The external driving voltage signal is designed based on artificial intelligence algorithms (such as deep learning, optical reservoir, etc.), and the connection and corresponding rules between the meta-waveguide structure characteristics, optical response and external voltage are established by training a large amount of data. Once the data training is completed, the predicted structure of the meta-waveguide can be directly output according to the required spectrum, and the required external voltage signal can be output.

[0090] With its powerful wavefront manipulation capability, metawaveguides have important application prospects in the fields of free-space light beam deflection, polarization control, holographic imaging, and optical quantum information processing. According to the classification of design methods, metawaveguides can be designed by forward design (based on physics and experience) or by reverse design (based on various computer optimization algorithms). For forward-designed metawaveguides, it is generally based on the metastructure unit, first analyzing and designing the characteristics of the superstructure array, then combining it with a specific waveguide platform, fine-tuning the design parameters, and then designing the superstructure waveguide device. For the reverse design method, it is generally based on the device function that you want to achieve, then determining the objective function, and then optimizing it with the help of computer algorithms, and finally obtaining the corresponding device structure.

[0091] In the process of positive design, the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer can be adjusted, and the function to be achieved can be determined according to the effective reflectivity of the silicon optical waveguide. When the function achieved is not the desired function, the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer can be adjusted continuously, and a judgment can be made as to whether the desired function is achieved, and the adjustment can be stopped after the desired function is achieved. In the process of reverse design, the parameters of the meta-waveguide and the externally applied voltage can be determined according to the desired function. Figure 6 A flow chart of a method for designing a meta-waveguide structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, the method includes:

[0092] S12: Drive external voltage through artificial intelligence algorithm design;

[0093] S13: Electro-optical modulation of lithium niobate layer and microwave oscillator signal modulation;

[0094] S14: Design of programmable meta-waveguide parameters;

[0095] S15: Establish the characteristic curve of the metastructure waveguide.

[0096] Figure 6 In the process, the design sequence from step S12 to step S15 is positive design, and the design sequence from step S15, step S14, step S13, and step S12 is reverse design.

[0097] The design concept of combining "positive design" and "reverse design" provided in this embodiment can significantly increase design flexibility and efficiency.

[0098] In the above embodiments, the control method of the photonic integrated circuit is described, and the present application also provides an embodiment corresponding to the control device of the photonic integrated circuit. It should be noted that the present application describes the embodiments of the device part from two perspectives, one is based on the perspective of the functional module, and the other is based on the perspective of the hardware.

[0099] This embodiment also provides a control device for a photonic integrated circuit, which is applied to a photonic integrated circuit including a controller and a power supply, and further includes: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer, wherein the lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; the silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; the microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide; the power supply is respectively connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer; the controller is connected to the power supply, Figure 7 A structural diagram of a control device for a photonic integrated circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is based on the perspective of functional modules and includes:

[0100] The regulating and acquiring module 10 is used to regulate the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and acquire the first electric signal and / or regulate the electric signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer and acquire the second electric signal;

[0101] The control module 11 is used to control the microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or adjust the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after the refractive index is adjusted.

[0102] Since the embodiments of the device part correspond to the embodiments of the method part, the embodiments of the device part refer to the description of the embodiments of the method part, which will not be described here. And it has the same beneficial effects as the control method of the photonic integrated circuit mentioned above.

[0103] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a control device for a photonic integrated circuit provided in another embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is based on the hardware perspective, such as Figure 8 As shown, the control device of the photonic integrated circuit includes:

[0104] A memory 20, for storing computer programs;

[0105] The processor 21 is used to implement the steps of the method for controlling the photonic integrated circuit mentioned in the above embodiment when executing the computer program.

[0106] Among them, the processor 21 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, etc. The processor 21 can be implemented in at least one hardware form of a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and a programmable logic array (PLA). The processor 21 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor is a processor for processing data in the awake state, also known as a central processing unit (CPU); the coprocessor is a low-power processor for processing data in the standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 21 may be integrated with a graphics processing unit (GPU), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the display screen. In some embodiments, the processor 21 may also include an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, which is used to process computing operations related to machine learning.

[0107] The memory 20 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. The memory 20 may also include a high-speed random access memory, and a non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory storage devices. In this embodiment, the memory 20 is at least used to store the following computer program 201, wherein, after the computer program is loaded and executed by the processor 21, it can implement the relevant steps of the control method of the photonic integrated circuit disclosed in any of the aforementioned embodiments. In addition, the resources stored in the memory 20 may also include an operating system 202 and data 203, etc., and the storage method may be temporary storage or permanent storage. Among them, the operating system 202 may include Windows, Unix, Linux, etc. The data 203 may include, but is not limited to, the data involved in the control method of the photonic integrated circuit mentioned above, etc.

[0108] In some embodiments, the control device of the photonic integrated circuit may further include a display screen 22 , an input / output interface 23 , a communication interface 24 , a power supply 25 , and a communication bus 26 .

[0109] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 8 The structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the control device of the photonic integrated circuit, and may include more or less components than those shown in the figure.

[0110] The control device of the photonic integrated circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a memory and a processor. When the processor executes the program stored in the memory, it can implement the following method: the control method of the photonic integrated circuit, the effect is the same as above.

[0111] The present application also provides an embodiment corresponding to a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps recorded in the above method embodiment are implemented.

[0112] It is understandable that if the method in the above embodiment is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code.

[0113] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the present application includes the above-mentioned control method of the photonic integrated circuit, and the effect is the same as above.

[0114] In summary, this application is based on a programmable photonic integrated circuit of a meta-waveguide, which controls the structure of the waveguide through computer software programming, promoting the reusability and sustainable use of the device. This device has the ability to reset functions and can switch in real time according to the programmed external voltage program to achieve true artificial intelligence. This application can achieve multiple functions through a single structure, reducing production costs and technical barriers, and provides a way of scalability, which has strong application potential and huge commercial value.

[0115] By combining optical metasurfaces with programmable waveguide technology, on the one hand, the efficiency of the interaction between light and artificial material structures can be further improved, thereby improving the performance of traditional devices, expanding the scope of application, and reducing the size of devices; on the other hand, the platform of metamaterials and new computer design methods of reverse design can be used to achieve the light-guiding effect that is difficult to achieve with traditional natural material waveguides, study new physical phenomena, and expand the functional scope of traditional waveguide devices. The combination of the structure and technology described in this application has the advantages of low energy consumption and programmable dynamic control. Through electro-optical control and microwave control, dual-channel control can achieve more complex functions. Finally, compared with thermo-optical and acousto-optic modulation technologies, the electro-optical control and microwave modulation of this application are fast, low-cost, and highly repeatable; compared with two-dimensional materials and nonlinear modulation technologies, the electro-optical control and microwave control of this application have stable working conditions, convenient processing, and are compatible with CMOS technology.

[0116] The above is a detailed introduction to a photonic integrated circuit, control method, device and medium provided by the present application. The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referenced to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part description. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

[0117] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

Claims

1. A photonic integrated circuit, comprising a controller, a power supply, It is characterized in that Also includes: Silicon optical waveguides, microwave oscillators, lithium niobate layers; The lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; The silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; The microwave oscillator is a preset distance away from the silicon optical waveguide; The power supply is connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer respectively; The controller is connected to the power supply, and is used to adjust the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and obtain a first electric signal, and control the microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within the preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electric signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or is used to adjust the second electric signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer, and adjust the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electric signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after the refractive index is adjusted.

2. The photonic integrated circuit according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The number of the power sources is the sum of the number of the lithium niobate layers and the number of the microwave oscillators.

3. The photonic integrated circuit according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The silicon optical waveguide is a silicon strip waveguide, and the thickness of the silicon optical waveguide is 220 nm.

4. The photonic integrated circuit according to claim 3, It is characterized in that There are multiple silicon strip waveguides; the number of the microwave oscillators in each group is 2, and they are respectively located on both sides of the silicon strip waveguide.

5. A control method for a photonic integrated circuit, It is characterized in that The invention is applied to a photonic integrated circuit including a controller and a power supply, and further including: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer, wherein the lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; the silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; the microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide; the power supply is respectively connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer; the controller is connected to the power supply, and the method comprises: Adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and obtaining a first electrical signal and / or adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer and obtaining a second electrical signal; The microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within the preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide is controlled according to the first electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer is adjusted according to the second electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after adjusting the refractive index.

6. The control method of the photonic integrated circuit according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The step of adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator or adjusting the electrical signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer comprises: Acquire a current optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide; wherein the optical response curve is at least one of a refraction curve, a transmission curve, and an optical loss curve; Inputting the current optical response curve into a pre-predictive model, wherein the predictive model is a model that characterizes the relationship between the optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide and the structural characteristics of the silicon optical waveguide and the electrical signal provided by the power supply; Outputting the target structural characteristics and target electrical signals corresponding to the current optical response curve through the prediction model; Acquiring a current electrical signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator or the lithium niobate layer; Determining whether the current electrical signal is the same as the target electrical signal; If not, the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator or the lithium niobate layer is adjusted from the current electric signal to the target electric signal.

7. The control method of the photonic integrated circuit according to claim 6, It is characterized in that Establishing the prediction model includes: Acquiring sample data, wherein the sample data includes an electrical signal provided by the power supply, a structural characteristic of the silicon optical waveguide, and an optical response curve of the silicon optical waveguide; The sample data is input into an artificial intelligence model algorithm for training to obtain the prediction model.

8. A control device for a photonic integrated circuit, It is characterized in that The invention is applied to a photonic integrated circuit including a controller and a power supply, and further including: a silicon optical waveguide, a microwave oscillator, and a lithium niobate layer, wherein the lithium niobate layer is located on a glass substrate; the silicon optical waveguide and the microwave oscillator are located on the lithium niobate layer; the microwave oscillator is at a preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide; the power supply is connected to the microwave oscillator and the lithium niobate layer respectively; the controller is connected to the power supply, and the device includes: an adjusting and acquiring module, used for adjusting the electric signal provided by the power supply to the microwave oscillator and acquiring a first electric signal and / or adjusting the electric signal provided by the power supply to the lithium niobate layer and acquiring a second electric signal; A control module is used to control the microwave signal of the microwave oscillator within the preset distance from the silicon optical waveguide according to the first electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the microwave signal; and / or adjust the refractive index of the lithium niobate layer according to the second electrical signal so as to control the refractive index of the silicon optical waveguide according to the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate layer after the refractive index is adjusted.

9. A control device for a photonic integrated circuit, It is characterized in that include: Memory for storing computer programs; A processor, configured to implement the steps of the photonic integrated circuit control method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, It is characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the control method of the photonic integrated circuit according to any one of claims 5 to 7 are implemented.

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