Configure a non-electric board for color matching

Abstract

The present invention provides an embodiment of a deadfront configured to hide a display when the display is not activated. The deadfront includes a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface. The second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. The deadfront also includes a neutral density filter disposed on the second major surface of the transparent substrate and an ink layer disposed on the neutral density filter. The deadfront defines at least one display area, wherein the deadfront transmits at least 60% of incident light; and at least one non-display area, wherein the deadfront transmits at most 5% of incident light. When the display is not activated, the contrast sensitivity between each of the at least one display area and each of the at least one non-display area is at least 15.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with application number 201980059216.6.

[0003] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 696,967, filed on July 12, 2018, the contents of which are relied upon and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Art

[0004] The present disclosure relates to electroless deadfronts for displays, and more particularly to electroless deadfronts having matching areas between display and non-display areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In one aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an electroless panel configured to hide a display when the display is not activated. The electroless panel includes a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface. The second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. The electroless panel also includes a neutral density filter disposed on the second major surface of the transparent substrate and an ink layer disposed on the neutral density filter. The electroless panel defines at least one display area, wherein the electroless panel transmits at least 60% of incident light; and at least one non-display area, wherein the electroless panel transmits at most 5% of incident light. When the display is not activated, the contrast sensitivity between each of the at least one display area and each of the at least one non-display area is at least 15.

[0006] In another aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a device including an electroless panel and a light source. The electroless panel has a first side and a second side. The second side is opposite the first side. The electroless panel includes a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface. The first major surface corresponds to the first side of the electroless panel, and the second major surface is opposite the first major surface. The electroless panel also includes a neutral density filter disposed on the second major surface of the transparent substrate and an ink layer disposed on the neutral density filter. The light source is disposed on the second side of the electroless panel. Light having a first intensity is emitted from the light source onto the second side of the electroless panel, and light transmitted through a display area of ​​the electroless panel has a second intensity. The second intensity is within 30% of the first intensity.

[0007] In yet another aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an article. The article includes an electroless panel and a display. The electroless panel has a first side and a second side, wherein the second side is opposite to the first side. The electroless panel includes a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface. The first major surface corresponds to the first side of the electroless panel, and the second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. The electroless panel also includes a neutral density filter disposed on the second major surface of the transparent substrate and an ink layer disposed on the neutral density filter. The ink layer includes ink having a reflectivity of less than 5%. The display is disposed on the second side of the electroless panel, and the internal reflectivity of the display is less than 5%. The ink layer defines a non-display area through which light from the display is not transmitted, and the absence of the ink layer defines a display area through which at least some light from the display is transmitted.

[0008] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the following detailed description, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from that description, or may be learned by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the following detailed description, claims, and accompanying drawings.

[0009] It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operation of the various embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment is illustrated.

[0011] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of layers of an electroless plate according to an exemplary embodiment is illustrated.

[0012] Figure 3 is a graph of contrast sensitivity based on ink reflectance and film transmittance for a display with a reflectance of 1%, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0013] Figure 4 is a graph of contrast sensitivity based on ink reflectance and display reflectance for a film having a transmission coefficient of 0.7, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0014] Figure 5 is a side view of a curved radio panel for use with a display according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0015] Figure 6According to an exemplary embodiment, the method for Figure 2 A front perspective view of the glass substrate of an electroless board.

[0016] Figure 7 A curved glass electroless panel is shown, the shape of which conforms to a curved display frame, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0017] Figure 8 A process for cold forming a glass electroless panel into a curved shape is illustrated according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0018] Figure 9 A process for forming a curved glass electroless panel using a curved glass layer according to an exemplary embodiment is illustrated.

[0019] Figure 10 An exemplary vehicle interior including electronic devices according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Referring generally to the accompanying drawings, various embodiments of an electroless plate are provided. Typically, an electroless plate is a structure used in a display that blocks the visibility of display components, icons, graphics, etc. when the display is off, but allows the display components to be easily viewed when the display is on. As will be discussed in more detail herein, the electroless plate includes a substrate having a neutral density filter applied thereto. The neutral density filter transmits a relatively high amount of light, for example, at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80% of the light, so as not to distort any colors of the display and not to significantly reduce the brightness of the display. Additionally, a layer of ink having an ink reflectance within a specific range is applied to the neutral density filter to help produce the electroless plate effect.

[0021] Specifically, the ink layer increases the contrast sensitivity so that a viewer cannot easily distinguish between the display area and the non-display area of ​​the electroless panel, which areas might otherwise be noticeable due to the high transmittance of the neutral density filter. That is, when the display is turned off, the internal reflection coefficient of the display can make the display area more visible to the viewer than the non-display area due to the high transmittance of the neutral density filter. Providing an ink layer with a suitable reflectance in the non-display area can significantly improve the contrast sensitivity so that the human eye cannot easily distinguish between the display area and the non-display area. In addition, by providing a neutral density filter with high transmittance, the electroless panel does not significantly reduce the brightness of the underlying display unit. The embodiments of the electroless panel discussed herein are provided as examples and not as limitations.

[0022] Figure 1is a partial cross-sectional view of an electronic device 100 including a touch interface 102. In an embodiment, the electronic device 100 is a standalone device, such as a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smart phone, a digital music player, a portable game console, a television, etc. That is, the standalone electronic device 100 is mainly a display screen or an interactive panel that is not incorporated into another structure, device or equipment. In other embodiments, the electronic device 100 is incorporated into another structure, device or equipment, and such an electronic device 100 is a control panel that allows interaction with the structure, device or equipment, such as a control panel located in a vehicle, on a household appliance, for an elevator, etc. Figure 10 In the illustrated vehicle, the electronic device 100 may be incorporated into a portion of its interior surface 101. For example, the electronic device 100 may be a display / touch device disposed on the instrument panel (i.e., it may form an instrument cluster display, a center stack display, or the like), a display / touch device disposed on a seatback, an armrest, a pillar, a door panel, a floor, a headrest, a steering wheel, a sun visor, or the like. Vehicles may include passenger cars, heavy trucks, marine vessels, aircraft, and the like. In one or more embodiments, the electronic device 100 may be a standalone display / touch device disposed within the vehicle's cab.

[0023] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment illustrated in FIG, the electronic device 100 includes a touch interface 102, a housing 104, a radio board 106, a light source (e.g., a display unit 108), and a circuit board 110. The housing 104 at least partially surrounds the touch interface 102 and, in the illustrated embodiment, provides a support surface 112 for the radio board 106. Additionally, in a standalone device, the housing 104 may provide a boundary for the electronic device 100, while when the electronic device 100 is incorporated into another structure, device, or apparatus, the housing 104 may simply provide a mount for the electronic device 100 within the larger overall structure, device, or apparatus. In either configuration, the radio board 106 covers at least a portion of the touch interface 102 and may be positioned within the housing 104 to provide a substantially flat viewing surface 114. The circuit board 110 provides power to the touch interface 102 and the display unit 108 and processes input from the touch interface 102 to generate a corresponding response on the display unit 108.

[0024] The touch interface 102 may include one or more touch sensors to detect one or more touch or capacitive inputs, such as due to a user's finger, stylus, or other interactive device being placed near or on the non-electrical board 106. The touch interface 102 can generally be any type of interface that is configured to detect changes in capacitance or other electrical parameters that can be associated with user input. The touch interface 102 can be operably connected to the circuit board 110 and / or communicate with the circuit board 110. The touch interface 102 is configured to receive input from an object (e.g., based on position information of the user's finger or data from an input device). The display unit 108 is configured to display one or more output images, graphics, icons, and / or videos of the electronic device 100. The display unit 108 can be substantially any type of display mechanism, such as a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic LED (OLED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, or the like.

[0025] In embodiments, the display unit 108 has an internal reflection coefficient based on the configuration of the display unit 108. For example, a direct-lit backlit LCD display unit 108 may include several layers in front of the light source, such as polarizers, glass layers, thin-film transistors, liquid crystals, color filters, etc., to internally reflect some of the light from the light source. In embodiments, the display unit 108 has an internal reflection coefficient of no greater than 5%. In other embodiments, the display unit 108 has an internal reflection coefficient of 0.75% to 4%.

[0026] As previously mentioned, the electroless plate 106 provides a decorative surface that conceals any graphics, icons, displays, etc. until the backlight of the display unit 108 is activated. Additionally, in embodiments, the electroless plate 106 provides a protective surface for the touch interface 102. As will be discussed more fully below, the electroless plate 106 is configured to allow user interactions to be transmitted through the thickness of the electroless plate 106 for detection by the touch interface 102.

[0027] Having described the general structure of the electronic device 100, the structure of the non-electrical board product 106 will now be described. Figure 2As shown in FIG, electroless panel product 106 includes substrate 120, neutral density filter 122, and ink layer 124. In embodiments, substrate 120 is glass, glass-ceramic, or plastic. For example, a suitable glass substrate 120 may include at least one of silicate, borosilicate, aluminosilicate, aluminoborosilicate, alkali aluminosilicate, and alkaline earth aluminosilicate. Such glass may be chemically or thermally strengthened, and embodiments of such glass are provided below. Exemplary glass-ceramics suitable for electroless panel 106 include at least one of the Li2OxAl2O3xnSiO2 system (LAS system), the MgOxAl2O3xnSiO2 system (MAS system), and the ZnOxAl2O3xnSiO2 system (ZAS system). Exemplary plastic substrates suitable for electroless panel 106 include at least one of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and polycarbonate (PC). In embodiments, the thickness of substrate 120 (ie, the distance between first major surface 126 and second major surface 128 ) is no more than about 1 mm, no more than about 0.8 mm, or no more than about 0.55 mm.

[0028] In an embodiment, substrate 120 is selected to be transparent. In an embodiment, a transparent substrate is one in which at least 70% of light having a wavelength of about 390 nm to about 700 nm incident on first major surface 126 is transmitted through second major surface 128. In further embodiments of the transparent substrate, at least 80% of such light is transmitted from first major surface 126 through second major surface 128, and in other embodiments, at least 90% of such light is transmitted from first major surface 126 through second major surface 128.

[0029] A neutral density filter 122 is disposed on the first surface 126 of the substrate 120. As used herein, a "neutral density filter" is an electroless layer that substantially equally reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum so as not to alter the hue of light transmitted through the electroless layer. As described above with respect to the substrate 120, the neutral density filter 122 is selected to be at least 60% transparent. In other embodiments, the neutral density filter 122 is selected to be at least 70% transparent. In other embodiments, the neutral density filter 122 is selected to be at least 80% transparent.

[0030] In an embodiment, the neutral density filter 122 is a film. For example, in one embodiment, the neutral density filter is a film comprising one or more layers of polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In certain embodiments, the film comprises a coloring component, such as a dye, a pigment, a metallized layer, ceramic particles, carbon particles, and / or nanoparticles (e.g., vanadium dioxide). In an embodiment, the coloring component is encapsulated in a laminating adhesive layer between the polyester layers. In an embodiment, the film is adhered to the substrate 120 using an adhesive layer (e.g., an acrylic adhesive). In one embodiment, the neutral density filter 122 is a polyester film comprising carbon particles, having a thickness of approximately 50 μm and a transparency of 70%, such as Prestige 70 (available from 3M, St. Paul, MN).

[0031] In other embodiments, the neutral density filter 122 is an ink coating. In one embodiment, the neutral density filter 122 is printed onto the substrate 120. In one embodiment, the ink coating is printed onto the substrate using screen printing, inkjet printing, spin coating, various photolithography techniques, and the like. In one embodiment, the ink coating includes a dye and / or pigment. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the ink coating is a CYMK neutral black having an L* of 50 to 90 according to the CIE L*a*b* color space.

[0032] Neutral density filter 122 is selected to be a gray or black level. In one embodiment, the neutral density filter is selected such that a*=b*=0 and L*≦50, referring to the CIE L*a*b* color space. In other embodiments, the neutral density filter is selected such that a*=b*=0 and L*≦60, and in yet other embodiments, the neutral density filter is selected such that a*=b*=0 and L*≦75.

[0033] An ink layer 124 is disposed over the neutral density filter 122. As will be discussed more fully below, the ink layer 124 is selected based on its reflectance. In one embodiment, the reflectance of the ink used in the ink layer 124 is between 0.1% and 5%. In another embodiment, the reflectance of the ink is between 1% and 4%. The ink layer 124 is an opaque layer (i.e., having a transmittance of less than 5% for visible light, or preferably, a transmittance of 0%) that blocks visibility of any components beneath the electroless panel 106 in those areas. For example, the ink layer 124 can be used to block visibility of connections to the display unit 108, the border of the display unit 108, circuitry, etc., located beneath the electroless panel 106. Thus, in one embodiment, the ink layer 124 is used to define a display area 132 of the electroless panel 106 (i.e., the area intended to be visible to a viewer when the display unit is turned on) and a non-display area 134 of the electroless panel 106 (i.e., the area not intended to be visible to a viewer, regardless of whether the display is turned off or on). In an embodiment, ink layer 124 is selected to have an optical density of at least 3. Ink layer 124 can be applied using screen printing, inkjet printing, spin coating, various photolithography techniques, and the like. In an embodiment, ink layer 124 has a thickness of 1 μm to 20 μm. In an embodiment, ink layer 124 is also selected to be gray or black; however, ink layer 124 may be other colors as desired to match any other color in electroless plate 106.

[0034] Ink layer 124 is disposed on neutral density filter 122 and helps reduce the visual effects caused by the internal reflection coefficient of display unit 108. In this way, ink layer 124 prevents high contrast between the display area and the non-display area covered by electroless plate 106, so that when viewing second major surface 128 when the display is turned off, the viewer will not be able to distinguish between the display area and the non-display area.

[0035] Contrast sensitivity is a way of quantifying how easily the human eye can distinguish between two areas of different contrast. Contrast sensitivity, as used in this article, is calculated using the following formula:

[0036] CS≈R N +R I / |R D –R I |

[0037] CS is contrast sensitivity, R N is the reflectivity of the second major surface 128 of the substrate, R I is the reflectivity of the ink, R D is the internal reflection coefficient of the display. R N 、R I , and R D An exemplary representation of each of Figure 2 Shown in.

[0038] According to the formula, the average human eye cannot perceive a contrast sensitivity of at least 20. Therefore, in an embodiment, when the display unit 108 is turned off, the electroless panel 106 has a contrast sensitivity of at least 15 between the display area 132 and the non-display area 134. In other embodiments, when the display unit 108 is turned off, the electroless panel 106 has a contrast sensitivity of at least 17 between the display area 132 and the non-display area 134. In other embodiments, the electroless panel 106 has a contrast sensitivity of at least 20 between the display area 132 and the non-display area 134.

[0039] A specific contrast sensitivity is achieved by taking into account the transparency of the neutral density filter 122, the reflectance of the ink in the ink layer 124, and the reflectance of the display unit 108. For example, Figure 3 A graph is provided showing the contrast sensitivity between the icon display area 132 and the non-display area 134 for a display cell having an internal reflection coefficient of 1%, as a function of the transmission coefficient of the neutral density filter 122 and the reflection coefficient of the ink in the ink layer 124. The levels of contrast sensitivity are shown in a color spectrum, with dark blue representing a contrast sensitivity of 0 and yellow representing a contrast sensitivity of 20. It can be seen that for a neutral density filter 122 having a relatively high transmission of 60% to 80%, a contrast sensitivity of 20 can be achieved using ink having a reflection coefficient of approximately 1%.

[0040] Figure 4 A graph is provided showing contrast sensitivity as a function of the reflectance of the display element 108 and the reflectance of the ink in the ink layer 124 for a neutral density filter 122 having a transmittance of 70%. Figure 3 As in the example, the yellow area indicates a contrast sensitivity of 20. Therefore, according to Figure 4 , the ink for ink layer 124 can be selected based on the reflectance of a given display element 108 and based on the transmittance of a given neutral density filter 122. For example, assuming the reflectance of display element 108 is 3% and the transmittance of neutral density filter 122 is 70%, an ink with a reflectance of 3% will provide the desired color contrast between display area 132 and non-display area 134 for electroless panel 106.

[0041] Advantageously, the electroless panel 106 configured in the manner described does not significantly reduce the brightness of the underlying display element 108. More specifically, by using a neutral density filter 122 having a high transmittance, the brightness of the display 108 is not significantly reduced. For example, in one embodiment, the brightness of the display element 108 as viewed from the second major surface 128 is within 40% of the brightness of the display element 108 incident on the back side of the electroless panel 106. In other embodiments, the brightness of the display element 108 as viewed from the second major surface 128 is within 30% of the brightness of the display element 108 incident on the back side of the electroless panel 106. In other embodiments, the brightness of the display element 108 as viewed from the second major surface 128 is within 20% of the brightness of the display element 108 incident on the back side of the electroless panel 106.

[0042] Furthermore, in any of the various embodiments described herein, the radio panel 106 attempts to minimize any distortion of the underlying image, graphics, icons, etc. on the display unit 108, as perceived by a user of the electronic device 100 in which the radio panel 106 is incorporated. That is, the colors visible to the viewer through the radio panel 106 are substantially similar to the colors output by the display unit 108 of the electronic device. Referring to the CIE L*a*b* color space, in an embodiment, the difference between each L*, a*, and b* value is less than 10 for the value output by the display unit and the value perceived by the observer. In further embodiments, the difference between each L*, a*, and b* value is less than 5, and in other embodiments, the difference between each L*, a*, and b* value is less than 2. Using the CIE L*a*b* color system, the ΔE* can be used to calculate the color difference between the values ​​output by the display unit and the values ​​perceived by the observer. ab To quantify the difference between two colors, ΔE* ab It can be calculated in various ways according to CIE76, CIE94, and CIE00. ab In any of the calculation methods, in an embodiment, the color difference is less than 20. In a further embodiment, the color difference ΔE* ab Less than 10, and in other embodiments, the color difference ΔE* ab Less than 2.

[0043] The embodiments of the electroless plate 106 disclosed herein provide several advantages. For example, the electroless plate 106 allows for uniform visual properties from macroscopic to microscopic areas and tunable optical performance. In addition, the electroless plate 106 can be overlaid on any bright display with minimal changes in the functions and properties of the electronic device (such as touch functionality, screen resolution, and color). In addition, the electroless plate 106 allows for additional features such as semi-mirror finish, additional switching, low-reflection neutral colors, or metallic and special color effects when the display is turned off. In addition, in certain embodiments, the electroless plate 106 is laminated to any type of display application, such as home electronics, automotive interiors, medical, industrial device controls and displays, etc., with an optically clear adhesive (OCA). In addition, standard industrial coating processes are used to construct the electroless plate 106, which allows for easy large-scale batch production.

[0044] Reference Figures 5 to 9 , various sizes, shapes, curvatures, glass materials, etc. for glass-based electroless panels and various processes for forming curved glass-based electroless panels are shown and described. It should be understood that although for ease of illustration, the simplified curved electroless panel structure 2000 is described. Figures 5 to 9 , However, the non-electrical plate structure 2000 may be any non-electrical plate embodiment discussed herein.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, in one or more embodiments, the electroless panel 2000 includes a curved outer glass layer 2010 (e.g., substrate 120) having at least a first radius of curvature R1, and in various embodiments, the curved outer glass layer 2010 is a composite curved glass material sheet having at least one additional radius of curvature. In various embodiments, R1 is in the range of about 60 mm to about 1500 mm.

[0046] Curved electroless panel 2000 includes a polymer layer 2020 positioned along the inner major surface of curved outer glass layer 2010. Curved electroless panel 2000 also includes a metal layer 2030. Furthermore, curved electroless panel 2000 may also include any of the other layers described above, such as surface treatments, ink layers, and optically clear adhesives. Furthermore, curved electroless panel 2000 may include layers such as high optical density layers, light guide layers, reflective layers, display modules, display stack layers, light sources, and the like, which may also be associated with the electronic devices discussed herein.

[0047] As will be discussed in more detail below, in various embodiments, the curved electroless panel 2000 including the glass layer 2010, the polymer layer 2020, the metal layer 2030, and any other optional layers can be cold formed together into a curved shape, such as Figure 5In other embodiments, glass layer 2010 can be formed into a curved shape, with layers 2020 and 2030 subsequently applied after the curve is formed.

[0048] Reference Figure 6 , the diagram is formed as Figure 5 The outer glass layer 2010 is shown prior to being bent into shape. In general, applicants believe that the articles and processes discussed herein provide high quality electroless panel structures utilizing glass having sizes, shapes, compositions, strengths, etc. not previously available.

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, outer glass layer 2010 includes a first major surface 2050 and a second major surface 2060 opposite first major surface 2050. An edge surface or minor surface 2070 connects first major surface 2050 and second major surface 2060. Outer glass layer 2010 has a thickness (t), which is substantially constant and is defined as the distance between first major surface 2050 and second major surface 2060. In some embodiments, thickness (t) as used herein refers to the maximum thickness of outer glass layer 2010. Outer glass layer 2010 includes a width (W), which is defined as the first maximum dimension of one of the first major surface or the second major surface, orthogonal to thickness (t), and also includes a length (L), which is defined as the second maximum dimension of one of the first major surface or the second surface, orthogonal to both thickness and width. In other embodiments, the dimensions discussed herein are average dimensions.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, the thickness (t) of the outer glass layer 2010 is in the range of 0.05 mm to 2 mm. In various embodiments, the thickness (t) of the outer glass layer 2010 is about 1.5 mm or less. For example, the thickness can range from about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.25 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.35 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.45 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.55 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.6 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.65 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0. 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.05 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.95 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.85 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.75 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.65 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.55 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.4 mm, or about 0.3 mm to about 0.7 mm.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, the width (W) of the outer glass layer 2010 is in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm, about 25 cm to about 250 cm, about 30 cm to about 250 cm, about 35 cm to about 250 cm, about 40 cm to about 250 cm, about 45 cm to about 250 cm, about 50 cm to about 250 cm, about 55 cm to about 250 cm, about 60 cm to about 250 cm, about 65 cm to about 250 cm, about 70 cm to about 250 cm, about 75 cm to about 250 cm, about 80 cm to about 250 cm, about 85 cm to about 250 cm, about 90 cm to about 250 cm, about 95 cm to about 250 cm, about 100 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 160 cm to about 250 cm, about 170 cm to about 250 cm, about 180 cm to about 250 cm, about 190 cm to about 250 cm, about 210 cm to about 250 cm, about 2 cm, about 110 cm to about 250 cm, about 120 cm to about 250 cm, about 130 cm to about 250 cm, about 140 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 5 cm to about 240 cm, about 5 cm to about 230 cm, about 5 cm to about 220 cm, about 5 cm to about 210 cm, about 5 cm to about 200 cm, about 5 cm to about 190 cm, about 5 cm to about 180 cm, about 5 cm to about 170 cm, about 5 cm to about 160 cm, about 5 cm to about 150 cm, about 5 cm to about 140 cm, about 5 cm to about 130 cm, about 5 cm to about 120 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 100 cm, about 5 cm to about 90 cm, about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or about 5 cm to about 75 cm.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, the length (L) of the outer glass layer 2010 ranges from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm, about 25 cm to about 250 cm, about 30 cm to about 250 cm, about 35 cm to about 250 cm, about 40 cm to about 250 cm, about 45 cm to about 250 cm, about 50 cm to about 250 cm, about 55 cm to about 250 cm, about 60 cm to about 250 cm, about 65 cm to about 250 cm, about 70 cm to about 250 cm, about 75 cm to about 250 cm, about 80 cm to about 250 cm, about 85 cm to about 250 cm, about 90 cm to about 250 cm, about 95 cm to about 250 cm, about 100 cm to about 250 cm cm, about 110 cm to about 250 cm, about 120 cm to about 250 cm, about 130 cm to about 250 cm, about 140 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 5 cm to about 240 cm, about 5 cm to about 230 cm, about 5 cm to about 220 cm, about 5 cm to about 210 cm, about 5 cm to about 200 cm, about 5 cm to about 190 cm, about 5 cm to about 180 cm, about 5 cm to about 170 cm, about 5 cm to about 160 cm, about 5 cm to about 150 cm, about 5 cm to about 140 cm, about 5 cm to about 130 cm, about 5 cm to about 120 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 100 cm, about 5 cm to about 90 cm, about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or about 5 cm to about 75 cm.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, outer glass layer 2010 is formed into a curved shape having at least one radius of curvature (shown as R1). In various embodiments, outer glass layer 2010 can be formed into a curved shape by any suitable process, including cold forming and hot forming.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, outer glass layer 2010 is formed into a Figure 5 As used herein, the term "cold bending" or "cold forming" refers to bending a non-electrical sheet of glass (as described herein) at a cold forming temperature below the softening point of the glass. The cold-formed glass layer is characterized by asymmetric surface compression between the first major surface 2050 and the second major surface 2060. In some embodiments, prior to the cold forming process or prior to cold forming, the compressive stresses in each of the first major surface 2050 and the second major surface 2060 are substantially equal.

[0055] In some such embodiments in which outer glass layer 2010 is not strengthened, first major surface 2050 and second major surface 2060 do not exhibit significant compressive stress prior to cold forming. In some such embodiments in which outer glass layer 2010 is strengthened (as described herein), first major surface 2050 and second major surface 2060 exhibit substantially equal compressive stress relative to each other prior to cold forming. In one or more embodiments, after cold forming, the compressive stress on second major surface 2060 (e.g., the concave surface after bending) increases (i.e., the compressive stress on second major surface 2060 is greater after cold forming than before cold forming).

[0056] Without being bound by theory, the cold forming process increases the compressive stress in the formed glass article to compensate for the tensile stress applied during the bending and / or forming operations. In one or more embodiments, the cold forming process subjects the second major surface 2060 to a compressive stress, while the first major surface 2050 (e.g., the convex surface after bending) to a tensile stress. The tensile stress experienced by surface 2050 after bending results in a net reduction in surface compressive stress, such that the compressive stress in surface 2050 of the strengthened glass sheet after bending is less than the compressive stress in surface 2050 when the glass sheet is flat.

[0057] Furthermore, when a strengthened glass sheet is used for the outer glass layer 2010, the first and second major surfaces (2050, 2060) are already under compressive stress, so the first major surface 2050 can withstand greater tensile stress during bending without risk of cracking. This allows strengthened embodiments of the outer glass layer 2010 to conform to tighter curves (e.g., formed to have a smaller R1 value).

[0058] In various embodiments, the thickness of the outer glass layer 2010 is adjusted to allow the outer glass layer 2010 to be more flexible to achieve a desired radius of curvature. Additionally, a thinner outer glass layer 2010 can be deformed more easily, which can potentially compensate for shape mismatches and gaps that may be created by the shape of the support or frame (as discussed below). In one or more embodiments, the thin and strengthened outer glass layer 2010 exhibits greater flexibility, especially during cold forming. The greater flexibility of the glass articles discussed herein can allow for consistent bends to be formed without heating.

[0059] In various embodiments, the outer glass layer 2010 (and thus the electroless panel 2000) can have a compound curve comprising a major radius and a cross curvature. A complex-curved, cold-formed outer glass layer 2010 can have different radii of curvature in two independent directions. According to one or more embodiments, the complex-curved, cold-formed outer glass layer 2010 can thus be characterized as having a "cross curvature," wherein the cold-formed outer glass layer 2010 is curved along an axis parallel to a given dimension (i.e., a first axis) and also curved along an axis perpendicular to the same dimension (i.e., a second axis). The curvature of the cold-formed outer glass layer 2010 can be even more complex when a significant minimum radius is combined with a significant cross curvature and / or bend depth.

[0060] Reference Figure 7 , according to an exemplary embodiment, the icon display assembly 2100. In the embodiment shown, the display assembly 2100 includes a frame 2110 that supports (directly or indirectly) both the light source (shown as a display module 2120) and the non-electrical panel structure 2000. Figure 7 As shown, the wireless panel structure 2000 and the display module 2120 are coupled to the frame 2110, and the display module 2120 is positioned to allow a user to view light, images, etc. generated by the display module 2120 through the wireless panel structure 2000. In various embodiments, the frame 2110 can be made of various materials, such as plastic (PC / ABS, etc.), metal (Al-alloy, Mg-alloy, Fe-alloy, etc.). The curved shape of the frame 2110 can be formed using various processes such as casting, machining, stamping, injection molding, etc. Although Figure 7 The display assembly 2100 includes a light source in the form of an icon display module, but it should be understood that the display assembly 2100 can include any light source discussed herein for generating graphics, icons, images, displays, etc. via any of the wireless panel embodiments discussed herein. Furthermore, while the frame 2110 is shown as a frame associated with the display assembly, the frame 2110 can be any support or frame structure associated with a vehicle interior system.

[0061] In various embodiments, the systems and methods described herein allow the electrical panel structure 2000 to be formed to conform to various curved shapes that the frame 2110 may have. Figure 7 As shown, frame 2110 has a support surface 2130 having a curved shape, and the shape of the non-electrical panel structure 2000 matches the curved shape of the support surface 2130. As will be appreciated, the non-electrical panel structure 2000 can be formed into a variety of shapes to conform to the desired frame shape of the display assembly 2100, which can in turn be formed into a shape suitable for use as part of a vehicle interior system, as discussed herein.

[0062] In one or more embodiments, the electroless panel structure 2000 (and in particular the outer glass layer 2010) is formed to have a first radius of curvature R1 of about 60 mm or greater. For example, R1 can range from about 60 mm to about 1500 mm, about 70 mm to about 1500 mm, about 80 mm to about 1500 mm, about 90 mm to about 1500 mm, about 100 mm to about 1500 mm, about 120 mm to about 1500 mm, about 140 mm to about 1500 mm, about 150 mm to about 1500 mm, about 160 mm to about 1500 mm, about 180 mm to about 1500 mm, about 200 mm to about 1500 mm, about 220 mm to about 1500 mm, about 240 mm to about 1500 mm, or about 260 mm to about 1500 mm. to about 1500mm, about 250mm to about 1500mm, about 260mm to about 1500mm, about 270mm to about 1500mm, about 280mm to about 1500mm, about 290mm to about 1500mm, about 300mm to about 1500mm, about 350mm to about 1500mm, about 400mm to about 1500mm, about 450mm to about 1500mm, about 500mm to about 1500mm, about 550mm to about 1500mm, about 600mm to about 1500mm, about 650mm to about 1500mm, about 80 ... 0mm to about 1500mm, about 700mm to about 1500mm, about 750mm to about 1500mm, about 800mm to about 1500mm, about 900mm to about 1500mm, about 950mm to about 1500mm, about 1000mm to about 1500mm, about 1250mm to about 1500mm, about 60mm to about 1400mm, about 60mm to about 1300mm, about 60mm to about 1200mm, about 60mm to about 1100mm, about 60mm to about 1000mm, about 60 mm to about 950 mm, about 60 mm to about 900 mm, about 60 mm to about 850 mm, about 60 mm to about 800 mm, about 60 mm to about 750 mm, about 60 mm to about 700 mm, about 60 mm to about 650 mm, about 60 mm to about 600 mm, about 60 mm to about 550 mm, about 60 mm to about 500 mm, about 60 mm to about 450 mm, about 60 mm to about 400 mm, about 60 mm to about 350 mm, about 60 mm to about 300 mm, or about 60 mm to about 250 mm.

[0063] In one or more embodiments, the support surface 2130 has a second radius of curvature of about 60 mm or greater. For example, the second radius of curvature of the support surface 2130 can range from about 60 mm to about 1500 mm, about 70 mm to about 1500 mm, about 80 mm to about 1500 mm, about 90 mm to about 1500 mm, about 100 mm to about 1500 mm, about 120 mm to about 1500 mm, about 140 mm to about 1500 mm, about 150 mm to about 1500 mm, about 160 mm to about 1500 mm, about 180 mm to about 1500 mm, about 200 mm to about 1500 mm, about 220 mm to about 1500 mm, or about 250 mm to about 1500 mm. 0mm, about 240mm to about 1500mm, about 250mm to about 1500mm, about 260mm to about 1500mm, about 270mm to about 1500mm, about 280mm to about 1500mm, about 290mm to about 1500mm, about 300mm to about 1500mm, about 350mm to about 1500mm, about 400mm to about 1500mm, about 450mm to about 1500mm, about 500mm to about 1500mm, about 550mm to about 1500mm, about 600mm to about 1500mm mm, about 650 mm to about 1500 mm, about 700 mm to about 1500 mm, about 750 mm to about 1500 mm, about 800 mm to about 1500 mm, about 900 mm to about 1500 mm, about 950 mm to about 1500 mm, about 1000 mm to about 1500 mm, about 1250 mm to about 1500 mm, about 60 mm to about 1400 mm, about 60 mm to about 1300 mm, about 60 mm to about 1200 mm, about 60 mm to about 1100 mm, about 60 mm to about 1000 mm, From about 60 mm to about 950 mm, from about 60 mm to about 900 mm, from about 60 mm to about 850 mm, from about 60 mm to about 800 mm, from about 60 mm to about 750 mm, from about 60 mm to about 700 mm, from about 60 mm to about 650 mm, from about 60 mm to about 600 mm, from about 60 mm to about 550 mm, from about 60 mm to about 500 mm, from about 60 mm to about 450 mm, from about 60 mm to about 400 mm, from about 60 mm to about 350 mm, from about 60 mm to about 300 mm, or from about 60 mm to about 250 mm.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, the non-electrical panel structure 2000 is cold-formed to have a first radius of curvature R1 that is within 10% (e.g., about 10% or less, about 9% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, or about 5% or less) of a second radius of curvature of the support surface 2130 of the frame 2110. For example, if the support surface 2130 of the frame 2110 has a radius of curvature of 1000 mm, the non-electrical panel structure 2000 is cold-formed to have a radius of curvature in the range of about 900 mm to about 1100 mm.

[0065] In one or more embodiments, first major surface 2050 and / or second major surface 2060 of glass layer 2010 include a surface treatment or functional coating. The surface treatment may cover at least a portion of first major surface 2050 and / or second major surface 2060. Exemplary surface treatments include at least one of a glare reduction coating or an anti-glare coating, an anti-glare surface (e.g., an etched surface), a scratch-resistant coating, an anti-reflective coating, a semi-mirror coating, an easy-to-clean coating, or an ink decoration, or a combination thereof.

[0066] Reference Figure 8 , depicts a method 2200 for forming a display assembly comprising a cold-formed electrical panel structure, such as electrical panel structure 2000. At step 2210, a stack or structure of electrical panels, such as electrical panel structure 2000, is supported and / or placed on a curved support. Typically, the curved support can be a frame of a display, such as frame 2110, which defines the perimeter and curved shape of the vehicle display. Typically, the curved frame includes a curved support surface, and one of the major surfaces 2050 and 2060 of the electrical panel structure 2000 is placed in contact with the curved support surface.

[0067] At step 2220, when the wireless board structure is supported by the support, a force is applied to the wireless board structure so that the wireless board structure bends to conform to the curved shape of the support. Figure 5 As shown, the curved electroless panel structure 2000 is formed from a substantially flat electroless panel structure. In this arrangement, the flat electroless panel structure is bent to form a curved shape on a major surface facing the support, while also forming a corresponding (but complementary) curved surface in a major surface opposite the frame. Applicants believe that by bending the electroless panel structure directly onto the bending frame, the need for a separate bending mold or form (typically required in other glass bending processes) is eliminated. Furthermore, Applicants believe that by forming the electroless panel directly onto the bending frame, a wide range of bend radii can be achieved in a low-complexity manufacturing process.

[0068] In some embodiments, the force applied in step 2220 can be air pressure applied via a vacuum clamp. In some other embodiments, the air pressure difference is formed by applying a vacuum to an airtight housing surrounding the frame and the dead plate structure. In a specific embodiment, the airtight housing is a flexible polymer housing, such as a plastic bag or a pouch. In other embodiments, the air pressure difference is formed by generating increased air pressure around the dead plate structure and the frame using an overpressure device such as an autoclave. Applicants have also found that air pressure provides a consistent and highly uniform bending force (compared to contact-based bending methods), which further results in a robust manufacturing process. In various embodiments, the air pressure difference is between 0.5 and 1.5 atmospheres (atm), specifically between 0.7atm and 1.1atm, and more specifically 0.8atm to 1atm.

[0069] At step 2230, during bending, the temperature of the electroless panel structure is maintained below the glass transition temperature of the material of the outer glass layer. Thus, method 2200 is a cold forming or cold bending process. In specific embodiments, the temperature of the electroless panel structure is maintained below 500 degrees Celsius, below 400 degrees Celsius, below 300 degrees Celsius, below 200 degrees Celsius, or below 100 degrees Celsius. In specific embodiments, the electroless panel structure is maintained at or below room temperature during bending. In specific embodiments, during bending, the electroless panel structure is not actively heated by a heating assembly, furnace, oven, or the like, as is the case when hot forming the glass into a curved shape.

[0070] As previously mentioned, in addition to providing processing advantages such as eliminating expensive and / or slow heating steps, the cold forming processes discussed herein are believed to produce curved electroless panel structures having various properties that are believed to be superior to those achievable through hot forming processes. For example, Applicants believe that, for at least some glass materials, heating during the hot forming process degrades the optical properties of the curved glass sheet. Thus, electroless panels based on curved glass formed using the cold bending processes / systems discussed herein provide both a curved glass shape and improved optical quality that is not achievable using hot bending processes.

[0071] Furthermore, many glass coating materials (e.g., anti-glare coatings, anti-reflective coatings, etc.) are applied via deposition processes (such as sputtering processes), which are generally not suitable for application to curved surfaces. Furthermore, many coating materials (such as polymer layers) cannot withstand the high temperatures associated with hot bending processes. Therefore, in the specific embodiments discussed herein, layer 2020 is applied to the outer glass layer 2010 prior to cold bending. Applicants therefore believe that the processes and systems discussed herein allow for bending of glass after one or more coating materials have been applied to the glass, as compared to typical hot forming processes.

[0072] At step 2240, the curved electroless plate structure is attached or secured to the curved support member. In various embodiments, the attachment between the curved electroless plate structure and the curved support member can be achieved by an adhesive material. Such an adhesive can include any suitable optically clear adhesive for bonding the electroless plate structure in place relative to the display assembly (e.g., to the frame of the display). In one example, the adhesive can include an optically clear adhesive available from 3M Corporation under the trade name 8215. The thickness of the adhesive can range from about 200 μm to about 500 μm.

[0073] The adhesive material can be applied in a variety of ways. In one embodiment, the adhesive is applied using a coating gun and evened out using a roller or doctor blade. In various embodiments, the adhesives discussed herein are structural adhesives. In a specific embodiment, the structural adhesive may include one or more adhesives selected from the following categories: (a) toughened epoxy resin (Masterbond EP21TDCHT-LO, 3M Scotch Weld Epoxy DP460 Off-white); (b) flexible epoxy resin (Masterbond EP21TDC-2LO, 3M Scotch Weld Epoxy 2216B / A Gray); (c) acrylic (LORD Adhesive 410 / Accelerator 19w / LORD AP 134 primer, LORD Adhesive 852 / LORD Accelerator 25GB, Loctite HF8000, Loctite AA4800); (d) polyurethane (3M Scotch Weld Urethane DP640 Brown); and (e) silicone (Dow Corning 995). In some cases, structural adhesives in sheet form (e.g., B-stage epoxy adhesives) can be used. In addition, pressure-sensitive structural adhesives such as 3M VHB tape can be used. In such an embodiment, utilizing a pressure sensitive adhesive allows the curved electroless panel structure to be bonded to the frame without requiring a curing step.

[0074] Reference Figure 9, a method 2300 for forming a display using a curved electroless panel structure is shown and described. In some embodiments, at step 2310, a glass layer (e.g., outer glass layer 2010) of the electroless panel structure is formed into a curved shape. The forming at step 2310 can be cold forming or hot forming. At step 2320, a polymer layer 2020, a metal layer 2030, and any other optional layers of the electroless panel structure are applied to the glass layer after forming. Next, at step 2330, the curved electroless panel structure is attached to a frame, such as frame 2110 of display assembly 2100, or other frame that may be associated with a vehicle interior system.

[0075] Glass material

[0076] The various glass layers of the electroless panel structures discussed herein (such as outer glass layer 2010) can be formed from any suitable glass composition, including soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass.

[0077] Unless otherwise indicated, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described in terms of mole percent (mol %) based on oxide analysis.

[0078] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 66 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 67 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 68 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 69 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 70 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 72 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 78 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 76 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 74 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 72 mol%, or about 65 mol% to about 70 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0079] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3 in an amount greater than about 4 mol%, or greater than about 5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3 in a range of greater than about 7 mol% to about 15 mol%, greater than about 7 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 7 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 7 mol% to about 11 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 15 mol%, 9 mol% to about 15 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 15 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 15 mol%, about 11 mol% to about 15 mol%, or about 12 mol% to about 15 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the upper limit of Al2O3 may be about 14 mol%, 14.2 mol%, 14.4 mol%, 14.6 mol%, or 14.8 mol%.

[0080] In one or more embodiments, the glass layers herein are described as aluminosilicate glass articles or include an aluminosilicate glass composition. In such embodiments, the glass composition or article formed thereby includes SiO2 and Al2O3 and is not a soda-lime silicate glass. In this regard, the glass composition or article formed thereby includes Al2O3 in an amount of about 2 mol% or more, 2.25 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, about 2.75 mol% or more, or about 3 mol% or more.

[0081] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B2O3 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or more). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B2O3 in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of B2O3.

[0082] As used herein, the phrase "substantially free" with respect to a component of a composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial batching, but may be present as an impurity in an amount of less than about 0.001 mol%.

[0083] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition optionally includes PO (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or more). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of PO, up to and including 2 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 1 mol%, or 0.5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of PO.

[0084] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO (which is the total amount of alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Na2O, KO, Rb2O, and Cs2O) greater than or equal to about 8 mol%, greater than or equal to about 10 mol%, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a total amount of RO in a range from about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or 11 mol% to about 13 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of Rb2O, Cs2O, or both. In one or more embodiments, R2O may comprise only the total amount of Li2O, Na2O, and KO. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include at least one alkali metal oxide selected from Li2O, Na2O, and KO, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about 8 mol% or more.

[0085] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Na2O in an amount greater than or equal to about 8 mol%, greater than or equal to about 10 mol%, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the composition includes Na2O in a range of about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or 11 mol% to about 16 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0086] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 4 mol% K2O, less than about 3 mol% K2O, or less than about 1 mol% K2O. In some cases, the glass composition may include KO in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, or about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of KO.

[0087] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Li2O.

[0088] In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Li2O. In some cases, the amount of Na2O may be greater than the total amount of Li2O and KO. In one or more alternative embodiments, the amount of Li2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Na2O, or greater than the total amount of Na2O and KO.

[0089] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO (which is the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxides such as CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO, and SrO) in the range of about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of RO up to about 2 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes RO in an amount of about 0 mol% to about 1.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0090] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes CaO in an amount less than about 1 mol%, less than about 0.8 mol%, or less than about 0.5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CaO. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes MgO in an amount of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, or about 3 mol% to about 6 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0091] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes ZrO in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes ZrO in a range of about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes SnO in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes SnO in a range of about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0093] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include an oxide that imparts color or tint to the glass article. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes an oxide that prevents discoloration of the glass article when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides include, but are not limited to, oxides of the following elements: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.

[0094] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe expressed as Fe2O3, wherein the Fe is present in an amount up to and including about 1 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Fe. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe2O3 in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, or less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe2O3 in a range of about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0095] Where the glass composition includes TiO2, TiO2 may be present in an amount of about 5 mol% or less, about 2.5 mol% or less, about 2 mol% or less, or about 1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of TiO2.

[0096] Exemplary glass compositions include SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, Al2O3 in an amount ranging from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, Na2O in an amount ranging from about 12 mol% to about 17 mol%, K2O in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, and MgO in an amount ranging from about 1.5 mol% to about 6 mol%. Optionally, SnO2 may be included in amounts disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0097] Tempered glass properties

[0098] In one or more embodiments, the outer glass layer 2010 or other glass layers of any of the electroless panel embodiments discussed herein may be formed from a strengthened glass sheet or article. In one or more embodiments, the glass article used to form the layers of the electroless panel structures discussed herein may be strengthened to include a compressive stress extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive stress region is balanced by a central portion exhibiting tensile stress. At the DOC, the stress transitions from positive (compressive) stress to negative (tensile) stress.

[0099] In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layers of the non-electrical panel structures discussed herein can be mechanically strengthened by exploiting the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the glass portions to create regions of compressive stress and a central region exhibiting tensile stress. In some embodiments, the glass articles can be thermally strengthened by heating the glass to a temperature above its glass transition point followed by rapid quenching.

[0100] In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layers of the electroless plate structures discussed herein can be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass article are replaced or exchanged with larger ions of the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments where the glass article comprises an alkali-aluminosilicate glass, the ions and larger ions in the surface layer of the article are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + Alternatively, the monovalent cations in the surface layer can be replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag + In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass article generate stress.

[0101] The ion exchange process is typically performed by immersing the glass article in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing larger ions, which are exchanged for smaller ions in the glass article. It should be noted that aqueous salt baths may also be used. Furthermore, the composition of the bath may include more than one type of larger ion (e.g., Na + and K + ) or a larger ion. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the parameters for the ion exchange process, including but not limited to: bath composition and temperature, immersion time, number of immersions of the glass article in the salt bath (or baths), use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like, are generally determined by the composition of the glass layer of the electroless plate structure (including the structure of the article and any crystalline phases present) and the desired DOC and CS of the glass layer of the electroless plate structure resulting from strengthening.

[0102] Exemplary molten bath compositions may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, NaSO4, and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath is typically in the range of about 380°C to about 450°C, while the immersion time is in the range of about 15 minutes to about 100 hours, depending on the glass thickness, bath temperature, and the glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity. However, temperatures and immersion times different from those described above may also be used.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, the glass article used to form the layer of the electroless plate structure can be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 and KNO3 at a temperature of about 370°C to about 480°C. In some embodiments, the glass layer of the electroless plate structure can be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising about 5% to about 90% KNO3 and about 10% to about 95% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, after being immersed in the first bath, the glass article can be immersed in a second bath. The first bath and the second bath can have different compositions and / or temperatures from each other. The immersion times in the first bath and the second bath can be different. For example, the immersion time in the first bath can be longer than the immersion time in the second bath.

[0104] In one or more embodiments, the glass article used to form a layer of the electroless plate structure can be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising NaNO3 and KNO3 (e.g., 49% / 51%, 50% / 50%, 51% / 49%) at a temperature of less than about 420°C (e.g., about 400°C or about 380°C) for less than about 5 hours, or even about 4 hours or less.

[0105] Ion exchange conditions can be adjusted to provide a "spike" or increase the slope of the stress profile at or near the surface of the glass layer of the formed electroless plate structure. The spike can result in a larger surface CS value. Due to the unique properties of the glass composition used in the glass layer of the electroless plate structure described herein, this spike can be achieved using a single bath or multiple baths, wherein the baths have a single component or a mixture of components.

[0106] In one or more embodiments, where more than one monovalent ion is exchanged into a glass article used to form a layer of an electroless plate structure, different monovalent ions can be exchanged to different depths within the glass layer (and produce different amounts of stress at different depths within the glass article). The resulting relative depths of the stress-producing ions can be determined and result in different characteristics of the stress distribution.

[0107] CS is measured using methods known in the art, such as by a surface stress meter (FSM), using commercially available instruments such as the FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurement relies on accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. Next, SOC is measured using methods known in the art, such as the fiber and four-point bend methods, both of which are described in ASTM Standard C770-98 (2013), entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and the volume cylinder method. As used herein, CS may be "maximum compressive stress," which is the highest compressive stress value measured within the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass article. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress may occur at a depth below the surface, such that the compression profile exhibits a "buried peak."

[0108] Depending on the strengthening method and conditions, DOC can be measured by FSM or scattered light polariscope (SCALP) (such as SCALP-04 scattered light polariscope available from Glasstress Ltd. located in Tallinn, Estonia). When the glass article is chemically strengthened by an ion exchange process, FSM or SCALP can be used depending on which ions are exchanged into the glass article. In the case where stress in the glass article is generated by exchanging potassium ions into the glass article, FSM is used to measure DOC. In the case where stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into the glass article, SCALP is used to measure DOC. In the case where stress in the glass article is generated by exchanging both potassium and sodium ions into the glass, DOC is measured by SCALP because it is believed that the exchange depth of sodium represents the DOC and the exchange depth of potassium ions represents the change in the magnitude of compressive stress (but not the change in stress from compression to tension); the exchange depth of potassium ions in such glass articles is measured by FSM. Central tension or CT is the maximum tensile stress and is measured by SCALP.

[0109] In one or more embodiments, a glass article used to form a layer of an electroless plate structure may be strengthened to have a DOC described as a fraction of the thickness t of the glass article (as described herein). For example, in one or more embodiments, the DOC may be equal to or greater than about 0.05t, equal to or greater than about 0.1t, equal to or greater than about 0.11t, equal to or greater than about 0.12t, equal to or greater than about 0.13t, equal to or greater than about 0.14t, equal to or greater than about 0.15t, equal to or greater than about 0.16t, equal to or greater than about 0.17t, equal to or greater than about 0.18t, equal to or greater than about 0.19t, equal to or greater than about 0.2t, or equal to or greater than about 0.21t. In some embodiments, the DOC may range from about 0.08t to about 0.25t, about 0.09t to about 0.25t, about 0.18t to about 0.25t, about 0.11t to about 0.25t, about 0.12t to about 0.25t, about 0.13t to about 0.25t, about 0.14t to about 0.25t, about 0.15t to about 0.25t, about 0.08t to about 0.24t, about 0.08t to about 0.23t, about 0.08t to about 0.22t, about 0.08t to about 0.21t, about 0.08t to about 0.2t, about 0.08t to about 0.19t, about 0.08t to about 0.18t, about 0.08t to about 0.17t, about 0.08t to about 0.16t, or about 0.08t to about 0.15t. In some cases, the DOC may be about 20 μm or less. In one or more embodiments, the DOC may be about 40 μm or greater (e.g., about 40 μm to about 300 μm, about 50 μm to about 300 μm, about 60 μm to about 300 μm, about 70 μm to about 300 μm, about 80 μm to about 300 μm, about 90 μm to about 300 μm, about 100 μm to about 300 μm, about 110 μm to about 300 μm, about 120 μm to about 300 μm, about 140 μm to about 300 μm, about 150 μm to about 300 μm, about 40 μm to about 290 μm, about 40 μm to about 280 μm). 0 μm, about 40 μm to about 260 μm, about 40 μm to about 250 μm, about 40 μm to about 240 μm, about 40 μm to about 230 μm, about 40 μm to about 220 μm, about 40 μm to about 210 μm, about 40 μm to about 200 μm, about 40 μm to about 180 μm, about 40 μm to about 160 μm, about 40 μm to about 150 μm, about 40 μm to about 140 μm, about 40 μm to about 130 μm, about 40 μm to about 120 μm, about 40 μm to about 110 μm, or about 40 μm to about 100 μm.

[0110] In one or more embodiments, the glass article used to form the layer of the electroless plate structure may have a CS (which may be found at the surface of the glass article or at a depth within the glass article) of about 200 MPa or greater, 300 MPa or greater, 400 MPa or greater, about 500 MPa or greater, about 600 MPa or greater, about 700 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa or greater, about 900 MPa or greater, about 930 MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, or about 1050 MPa or greater.

[0111] In one or more embodiments, the glass article used to form a layer of the non-electrolytic plate structure may have a maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) of about 20 MPa or greater, about 30 MPa or greater, about 40 MPa or greater, about 45 MPa or greater, about 50 MPa or greater, about 60 MPa or greater, about 70 MPa or greater, about 75 MPa or greater, about 80 MPa or greater, or about 85 MPa or greater. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) may be in the range of about 40 MPa to about 100 MPa.

[0112] Aspect (1) of the present disclosure relates to an electroless panel configured to hide a display when the display is not activated, the electroless panel comprising: a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, the second major surface being opposite to the first major surface; a neutral density filter disposed on the second major surface of the transparent substrate; and an ink layer disposed on the neutral density filter; wherein the ink layer defines at least one display area and at least one non-display area, the electroless panel transmits at least 60% of incident light in the at least one display area, and the electroless panel transmits at most 5% of incident light in the at least one non-display area; wherein when the display is not activated, the contrast sensitivity between each of the at least one display area and each of the at least one non-display area is at least 15.

[0113] Aspect (2) relates to the article of aspect (1), wherein the substrate transmits at least 70% of incident light in the visible spectrum.

[0114] Aspect (3) relates to the article of aspect (1) or aspect (2), wherein the substrate is a plastic that is at least one of the following: polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose triacetate, or polycarbonate.

[0115] Aspect (4) relates to the article of aspect (1) or aspect (2), wherein the substrate is a glass or glass-ceramic material.

[0116] Aspect (5) relates to the article described in aspect (1) or aspect (2), wherein the substrate comprises at least one of soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, or alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass.

[0117] Aspect (6) relates to the article of any one of aspects (1) to (5), wherein the neutral density filter transmits up to 80% of light in the visible spectrum.

[0118] Aspect (7) relates to the article of any one of aspects (1) to (6), wherein the neutral density filter transmits at least 60% of light in the visible spectrum.

[0119] Aspect (8) relates to the article of any one of aspects (1) to (7), wherein the neutral density filter comprises a film.

[0120] Aspect (9) relates to the article of aspect (8), wherein the film comprises one or more polyester layers and at least one layer comprising at least one of a dye, a pigment, a metallized layer, ceramic particles, carbon particles, or nanoparticles.

[0121] Aspect (10) relates to the article of any one of aspects (1) to (7), wherein the neutral density filter comprises an ink coating.

[0122] Aspect (11) relates to the article described in aspect (10), wherein the ink coating is CYMK neutral black.

[0123] Aspect (12) relates to the article of aspect (10) or (11), wherein the ink coating has an L* of 50 to 90 according to the CIE L*a*b* color space.

[0124] Aspect (13) relates to the article of any one of aspects (1) to (12), wherein the neutral density filter is a solid color.

[0125] Aspect (14) relates to the article of any one of aspects (1) to (13), wherein the ink layer has an ink reflectance of 0.1% to 5%.

[0126] Aspect (15) relates to the article of any one of aspects (1) to (14), further comprising a surface treatment disposed on the first major surface of the substrate.

[0127] Aspect (16) relates to the article of aspect (15), wherein the surface treatment is at least one of anti-glare, etching, anti-reflective coating, or durable anti-reflective coating.

[0128] Aspect (17) relates to the article of any one of aspects (1) to (16), wherein the thickness of the substrate is 1 mm or less.

[0129] Aspect (18) of the present disclosure relates to a device comprising: an electroless panel having a first side and a second side; and a light source disposed on the second side of the electroless panel, the second side being opposite to the first side, the electroless panel comprising: a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, the first major surface corresponding to the first side of the electroless panel and the second major surface being opposite to the first major surface; a neutral density filter disposed on at least a portion of the second major surface of the substrate; and an ink layer disposed on at least a portion of the neutral density filter; wherein light having a first intensity is emitted from the light source to the second side of the electroless panel, and light transmitted through a display area of ​​the electroless panel has a second intensity, the second intensity being within 30% of the first intensity.

[0130] Aspect (19) relates to the device of aspect (18), wherein the neutral density filter transmits at least 70% of light in the visible spectrum.

[0131] Aspect (20) relates to the device described in aspect (18) or (19), wherein the ink layer comprises an ink having a reflectance of less than 5%.

[0132] Aspect (21) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (20), wherein the light source is at least one of a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic LED (OLED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), or a plasma display.

[0133] Aspect (22) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (21), wherein the neutral density filter transmits up to 80% of light in the visible spectrum.

[0134] Aspect (23) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (22), wherein the light source has an internal reflection coefficient of less than 5%.

[0135] Aspect (24) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (23), wherein the display area of ​​the electroless plate is defined by the absence of the ink layer.

[0136] Aspect (25) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (24), wherein the portion of the electroless plate including the ink layer defines a non-display area, and wherein the contrast sensitivity between the display area and the non-display area is at least 15.

[0137] Aspect (26) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (25), wherein the ink layer includes an ink with a reflectivity of less than 5%.

[0138] Aspect (27) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (26), wherein the neutral density filter comprises a film.

[0139] Aspect (28) relates to the device described in aspect (27), wherein the membrane comprises one or more polyester layers and at least one layer comprising at least one of a dye, a pigment, a metallized layer, ceramic particles, carbon particles, or nanoparticles.

[0140] Aspect (29) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (26), wherein the neutral density filter includes an ink coating.

[0141] Aspect (30) relates to the device described in aspect (29), wherein the ink coating is CYMK neutral black.

[0142] Aspect (31) relates to the device described in aspect (29) or (30), wherein the L* of the ink coating is 50 to 90 according to the CIE L*a*b* color space.

[0143] Aspect (32) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (31), wherein the electroless plate further includes a surface treatment on the first major surface of the substrate, the surface treatment including at least one of anti-glare, etching, anti-reflective coating, or durable anti-reflective coating.

[0144] Aspect (33) relates to the device described in any one of aspects (18) to (32), wherein the thickness of the substrate is 1 mm or less.

[0145] Aspect (34) of the present disclosure relates to an article comprising: an electroless plate having a first side and a second side, the second side opposite the first side, the electroless plate comprising: a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, the first major surface corresponding to the first side of the electroless plate and the second major surface opposite the first major surface; a neutral density filter disposed on the second major surface of the transparent substrate; and an ink layer disposed on the neutral density filter, wherein the ink layer comprises ink having a reflectivity of less than 5%; and a display disposed on the second side of the electroless plate, the display having an internal reflectivity of less than 5%; wherein the ink layer defines a non-display area, light from the display is not transmitted through the non-display area, and the absence of the ink layer defines a display area, light from the display is transmitted through the display area.

[0146] Aspect (35) relates to the article of aspect (34), wherein the contrast sensitivity between the display area and the non-display area is at least 15.

[0147] Aspect (36) relates to the article of aspect (34) or (35), wherein the neutral density filter transmits up to 80% of light in the visible spectrum.

[0148] Aspect (37) relates to the article of any one of aspects (34) to (36), wherein the neutral density filter transmits at least 60% of light in the visible spectrum.

[0149] Aspect (38) relates to the article of any one of aspects (34) to (37), wherein the neutral density filter comprises a film.

[0150] Aspect (39) relates to the article of aspect (38), wherein the film comprises one or more polyester layers and at least one layer comprising at least one of a dye, a pigment, a metallized layer, ceramic particles, carbon particles, or nanoparticles.

[0151] Aspect (40) relates to the article of any one of aspects (34) to (37), wherein the neutral density filter comprises an ink coating.

[0152] Aspect (41) relates to the article described in aspect (40), wherein the ink coating is CYMK neutral black.

[0153] Aspect (42) relates to the article of aspect (40) or (41), wherein the ink coating has an L* of 50 to 90 according to the CIE L*a*b* color space.

[0154] Aspect (43) relates to the article described in any one of aspects (34) to (42), wherein the display is at least one of a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic LED (OLED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), or a plasma display.

[0155] Aspect (44) relates to the article of any one of aspects (34) to (43), further comprising a surface treatment disposed on the first major surface of the substrate.

[0156] Aspect (45) relates to the article of aspect (44), wherein the surface treatment is at least one of anti-glare, etching, anti-reflective coating, or durable anti-reflective coating.

[0157] Aspect (46) relates to the article described in any one of aspects (34) to (45), wherein the thickness of the substrate is 1 mm or less.

[0158] Aspect (47) of the present disclosure relates to a vehicle comprising: an interior surface; a display disposed on the interior surface, the display having an internal reflection coefficient of less than 5%; an electroless panel having a first side and a second side and disposed on the display, the second side being opposite to the first side, the electroless panel comprising: a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, the first major surface corresponding to the first side of the electroless panel and the second major surface being opposite to the first major surface; a neutral density filter disposed on the second major surface of the substrate; and an ink layer disposed on the neutral density filter, wherein the ink layer comprises ink having a reflection coefficient of less than 5%; and wherein the ink layer defines a non-display area, through which light from the display is not transmitted, and the absence of the ink layer defines a display area, through which light from the display is transmitted.

[0159] Aspect (48) relates to the vehicle described in aspect (47), wherein the contrast sensitivity between the display area and the non-display area is at least 15.

[0160] Aspect (49) relates to the vehicle described in aspect (47) or (48), wherein the neutral density filter transmits up to 80% of light in the visible spectrum.

[0161] Aspect (50) relates to the vehicle of any one of aspects (47) to (49), wherein the neutral density filter transmits at least 60% of light in the visible spectrum.

[0162] Aspect (51) relates to the vehicle described in any one of aspects (47) to (50), wherein the neutral density filter comprises a film.

[0163] Aspect (52) relates to the vehicle of aspect (51), wherein the film comprises one or more polyester layers and at least one layer comprising at least one of a dye, a pigment, a metallized layer, ceramic particles, carbon particles, or nanoparticles.

[0164] Aspect (53) relates to the vehicle described in any one of aspects (47) to (49), wherein the neutral density filter includes an ink coating.

[0165] Aspect (54) relates to the vehicle described in aspect (53), wherein the ink coating is CYMK neutral black.

[0166] Aspect (55) relates to the vehicle of aspect (53) or (54), wherein the ink coating has an L* of 50 to 90 according to the CIE L*a*b* color space.

[0167] Aspect (56) relates to the vehicle described in any one of aspects (47) to (55), wherein the display is at least one of a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic LED (OLED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), or a plasma display.

[0168] Aspect (57) relates to the vehicle described in any one of aspects (47) to (56), further comprising a surface treatment, the surface treatment being provided on the first major surface of the substrate.

[0169] Aspect (58) relates to the vehicle described in aspect (57), wherein the surface treatment is at least one of an anti-glare coating, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective coating, an anti-reflective surface, an easy-to-clean coating, or an ink decoration.

[0170] Aspect (59) relates to the vehicle described in any one of aspects (47) to (58), wherein the thickness of the substrate is 1 mm or less.

[0171] Aspect (60) relates to a vehicle as described in any one of aspects (47) to (59), wherein the interior surface includes any one of a dashboard, a seat back, an armrest, a pillar, a door panel, a floor, a headrest, a steering wheel, or a sun visor.

[0172] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is not intended that any method described herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Thus, if a method claim does not actually state the order in which its steps are to be followed, or if the claims or description do not specifically state that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, no specific order is intended to be inferred. Furthermore, as used herein, the article "a" is intended to include one or more than one element or component and is not intended to be construed to mean only one.

[0173] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosed embodiments. Since those skilled in the art can come up with modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and variations of the disclosed embodiments in combination with the spirit and substance of the embodiments, the disclosed embodiments should be interpreted as including all contents within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A non-electrical board, configured to hide a display when the display is not activated, the non-electrical board comprising: a glass or plastic substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, the second major surface being opposite to the first major surface; A film or ink coating configured to reduce the intensity of light transmitted through the electroless panel without changing the perceived hue of the light transmitted through the electroless panel, such that the color difference between the light transmitted through the electroless panel and the light before transmission through the electroless panel exhibits a ΔE* of less than 10 ab value; and an ink layer disposed on the film or ink coating; wherein the ink layer defines at least one display area and at least one non-display area, the electroless plate transmits at least 60% of incident light in the at least one display area, and the electroless plate transmits at most 5% of incident light in the at least one non-display area; wherein when the display is not activated, the contrast sensitivity between each of the at least one display area and each of the at least one non-display area is at least 15, The contrast sensitivity is calculated according to the following formula: CS≈R N +R I / |R D –R I | where R N is the reflectivity of the second major surface of the substrate, R I is the reflectivity of the ink layer, R D is the internal reflection coefficient of the display.

2. The electroless panel of claim 1, wherein the substrate transmits at least 70% of incident light in the visible spectrum.

3. The electroless panel of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a plastic that is at least one of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose triacetate, or polycarbonate.

4. The electroless panel of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a glass substrate and comprises at least one of soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, or alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass.

5. The electroless plate of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the film or ink coating is a neutral density filter.

6. The electroless plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the film or ink coating is a CYMK neutral black or grey ink coating. 7 . The electroless plate according to claim 6 , wherein the ink coating has an L* of 50 to 90 according to the CIE L*a*b* color space.

8. The electroless plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ink layer has an ink reflectivity of 0.1% to 5%.

9. The electroless panel of claim 8, wherein the film or ink coating comprises a transmittance greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 80% for light in the visible spectrum.

10. The electroless panel of claim 9, wherein R D The ink reflectivity is within the range of 0.75% to 4%, and the ink reflectivity includes a value of 0.1% to 5% proportional to the value of the internal reflection coefficient within the range.

11. The electroless panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ΔE* ab The value is less than 2.

12. The electroless panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the display is not activated, the contrast sensitivity between each of the at least one display area and each of the at least one non-display area is at least 20.

13. A product comprising: An electroless board, the electroless board having a first side and a second side, the second side being opposite to the first side, the electroless board comprising: a glass or plastic substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, the first major surface corresponding to the first side of the electroless plate, the second major surface opposite the first major surface; a film or ink coating disposed on the second major surface and configured to reduce the intensity of light transmitted through the electroless panel without changing the perceived hue of the light transmitted through the electroless panel, such that a color difference between the light transmitted through the electroless panel and the light before transmission through the electroless panel exhibits a ΔE* of less than 10 ab value; and an ink layer disposed on the film or ink coating, wherein the ink layer comprises an ink reflectance of less than 5%; and a display disposed on the second side of the electroless panel, the display having an internal reflection coefficient of less than 5%; The ink layer defines a non-display area through which light from the display is not transmitted, and the absence of the ink layer defines a display area through which light from the display is transmitted.

14. The article of claim 13, wherein the contrast sensitivity between the non-display area and the display area is at least 15, The contrast sensitivity is calculated according to the following formula: CS≈R N +R I / |R D –R I | where R N is the reflectivity of the second major surface of the substrate, R I is the reflectivity of the ink layer, R D is the internal reflection coefficient of the display.

15. The article of claim 14, wherein the contrast sensitivity between the non-display area and the display area is at least 20 when the display is not activated.

16. The article of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the film or ink coating is a CYMK neutral black or gray ink coating.

17. The article of claim 16, wherein the ink coating has an L* of 50 to 90 according to the CIE L*a*b* color space.

18. The article of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the film or ink coating comprises a transmittance greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 80% for light in the visible spectrum.

19. The article of claim 18, wherein the internal reflection coefficient is in the range of 0.75% to 4%, and the ink reflection coefficient includes a value of 0.1% to 5% proportional to the value of the internal reflection coefficient in the range.

20. The article of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the ΔE* ab The value is less than 2.

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