A permanent magnet motor

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of permanent magnet motor, including with motor body rotation connection's rotating shaft, and the fan blade assembly of the rotating shaft outside sleeve, rotating shaft and fan blade assembly between being equipped with power switching assembly, power switching assembly includes fixed in motor body and the spline sleeve of rotating shaft outside sleeve, spline sleeve outer wall spline connection has first sliding sleeve, one end of first sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with armature, electromagnetic iron is fixedly connected on spline sleeve, first sliding sleeve and motor body between being equipped with the reset piece that first sliding sleeve is switched back from second state to first state, the outer wall rotation connection of first sliding sleeve has second sliding sleeve, second sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with fan blade assembly, rotating shaft is fixedly provided with locking disc, second sliding sleeve is equipped with the locking piece for cooperating with locking disc, power switching assembly is installed in the outside of rotating shaft, it is convenient to install while it can reduce the processing technology requirement of rotating shaft, improve the stability when motor operation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric machines, in particular, to a permanent magnet electric machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] Permanent magnet electric machines have the advantages of small size, low loss, high efficiency, etc. With the continuous improvement of the performance of permanent magnet materials, permanent magnet electric machines have been widely used in various fields such as household appliances, medical devices, automobiles, aviation and national defense.

[0003] To this end, the patent for invention with patent number CN115395728A discloses a kind of permanent magnet electric machine, installs thermal expansion and cold shrink block in the rotating shaft of electric machine to drive elastic block and fan blade to abut and drive fan blade rotation, while installing reset member in the inside of rotating shaft to realize the abutment state release of elastic block and fan blade, in this patent, since thermal expansion and cold shrink block and reset member are located in the inside of rotating shaft, the existence of thermal expansion and cold shrink block and reset member can cause the axis of rotating shaft to deviate when permanent magnet electric machine is rotating at high speed, and the rotating shaft is prone to wobble when rotating.

[0004] Grooves are provided in the rotating shaft for installing thermal expansion and cold shrink block and reset member, which increases the difficulty of rotating shaft machining process, and the installation of thermal expansion and cold shrink block and reset member is more difficult.

[0005] Therefore, how to design a permanent magnet electric machine capable of switching fan blade power has become a technical problem to be solved by the personnel in the field. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve at least one technical problem mentioned in the background art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a kind of permanent magnet electric machine, solve the installation problem of permanent magnet electric machine fan blade and rotating shaft power switching assembly.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The utility model provides a kind of permanent magnet motor, including motor body, rotation connection with motor body's rotating shaft, and fan blade assembly being sleeved to the outside of the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is equipped with the power switching component for realizing fan blade assembly and rotating shaft power connection between the fan blade assembly, the power switching component includes fixed in motor body and the spline sleeve being sleeved to the outside of rotating shaft, spline sleeve outer wall spline is connected with first sliding sleeve, one end of the first sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with armature, the electromagnet is fixedly connected on the spline sleeve, the reset member that first sliding sleeve is switched from second state back to first state is equipped between the first sliding sleeve and motor body, the outer wall of the first sliding sleeve is rotatably connected with second sliding sleeve, and the second sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with the fan blade assembly, the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with locking disc, and the locking member for cooperating with the locking disc is equipped in the second sliding sleeve, in first state, electromagnet is de-energized, armature is away from first sliding sleeve from electromagnet, and the locking member is away from the locking disc and with locking disc unblocking state, in second state, electromagnet is energized, armature is close to electromagnet with first sliding sleeve and stretches reset member, and locking member is close to locking disc with locking disc locking.

[0009] Further, the locking member includes a plurality of locking holes, extension plates, locking pins, and second springs. The locking holes are provided on the locking disc. The plurality of extension plates are fixed circumferentially on the inner wall of the second sliding sleeve. The locking pins pass through the extension plates. One end of the second spring is fixed with the locking pin, and the other end is fixed with the extension plate. In the locking state, the locking pin is inserted into the locking hole.

[0010] Further, the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a rotor. An air duct for air circulation is provided between the rotating shaft and the rotor. A plurality of heat dissipation holes are provided between the inner wall and the outer wall of the rotor. The outer wall of the rotor is fixedly installed with a permanent magnet.

[0011] Further, the outer wall of the rotor is provided with a mounting groove extending axially along the rotor. The permanent magnet is provided with a mounting rib. The mounting rib is inserted into the mounting groove. The cross section of the mounting groove is dovetail type.

[0012] Further, the inner wall of the motor body is fixedly provided with a stator. The inner wall of the stator is provided with a plurality of coil accommodating grooves for placing coils. The stator is internally provided with a heat dissipation channel penetrating through the front and rear ends of the stator. The heat dissipation channel and the coil accommodating grooves are in communication with a heat dissipation groove. The motor is internally provided with a flow guide cover for guiding airflow to the heat dissipation channel and the air duct.

[0013] Further, the flow guide cover is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the motor body. The flow guide cover is provided with a first air duct opening opposite to the air duct. The flow guide cover is provided with a plurality of second air duct openings opposite to the heat dissipation channels.

[0014] Further, the fan blade assembly is fixed with a shielding ring for dividing air to the first air duct and the second air duct, and the flow guide cover is provided with a sealing ring groove for inserting the shielding ring, and in the locked state, the shielding ring is inserted into the sealing ring groove.

[0015] Further, the front end of the motor body is provided with a front end cover, and the front end cover is provided with a first air outlet hole for air flow out of the motor body.

[0016] Further, the inner wall of the motor body is provided with a shielding plate, and the shielding plate is provided with a second air outlet hole which is misaligned with the first air outlet hole.

[0017] Further, the inner wall of the motor body is provided with an insertion groove arranged along the axial direction of the motor body, and the side wall of the shielding plate is fixed with an insertion block inserted into the insertion groove, and the front end cover is sleeved on the outside of the motor body and fixed on the motor body by bolts.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the power switching assembly is installed between the rotating shaft and the fan blade assembly, and the cooperation of the electromagnet and the armature drives the first sliding sleeve, the second sliding sleeve and the locking piece to slide along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, so that the locking piece is locked with the locking disc on the rotating shaft, and the power of the rotating shaft is transmitted to the second sliding sleeve through the locking piece. Since the second sliding sleeve and the first sliding sleeve are rotationally connected, the second sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with the fan blade assembly, so that the locking piece drives the second sliding sleeve and the fan blade assembly to rotate relative to the first sliding sleeve, and then the power of the rotating shaft is output to the fan blade assembly, the air flow around the motor is increased, and the heat dissipation of the motor is accelerated.

[0019] When the temperature of the motor decreases, the electromagnet is de-energized, the reset member pulls the armature, the first sliding sleeve, the second sliding sleeve and the locking piece move away from the electromagnet, and at this time the locking piece and the locking disc are unlocked, the power output to the fan blade assembly is cut off, and the energy loss of the motor is saved.

[0020] The power switching assembly is installed on the outside of the rotating shaft, which can simplify the machining process of the rotating shaft and facilitate the installation of the power switching assembly compared with being installed in the rotating shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application;

[0022] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the application;

[0023] Figure 3 It is an exploded view of the rotor structure of the application;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a sectional view of the stator;

[0025] Figure 5 is an exploded view of the power switching assembly;

[0026] Figure 6 is a sectional view of the present application;

[0027] Figure 7 is Figure 6 is an enlarged structural schematic view of A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 8 is a structural schematic view of the fan blade stopping operation;

[0029] Figure 9 is a structural schematic view of the fan blade preliminary rotation;

[0030] Figure 10 is a position schematic view of the fan blade rotation state;

[0031] Figure 11 is a position schematic view of the fan blade stopping operation state;

[0032] Figure 12 is a structural schematic view of the fairing;

[0033] Figure 13 is a structural schematic view of the fan blade;

[0034] Figure 14 is a mounting schematic view of the motor front end cover;

[0035] Figure 15 is a mounting schematic view of the motor rear end cover.

[0036] In the figure: 1, motor body; 101, plug-in slot; 11, front end cover; 111, first air outlet hole; 12, rear end cover; 13, central control unit; 14, shielding plate; 141, second air outlet hole; 142, plug-in block; 15, support plate; 151, air inlet; 21, stator; 211, coil accommodating slot; 212, heat dissipation channel; 213, heat dissipation groove; 22, rotor; 221, mounting slot; 222, heat dissipation hole; 23, rotating shaft; 24, permanent magnet; 241, mounting rib; 25, coil; 26, air duct; 3, power switching assembly; 31, spline sleeve; 32, first sliding sleeve; 321, ring groove; 33, electromagnet; 34, armature; 35, first spring; 36, locking disc; 361, locking hole; 37, second sliding sleeve; 371, limiting check ring; 372, extension plate; 373, locking pin; 374, second spring; 4, fan blade assembly; 41, first fan blade; 42, second fan blade; 401, first air inlet; 402, second air inlet; 5, fairing; 51, first air duct opening; 52, sealing ring groove; 53, second air duct opening; 6, shielding ring; 601, first air chamber; 602, second air chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] The embodiment provides a permanent magnet motor, which solves the problem that the fan blades consume the motor energy in a low-temperature environment, and optimizes the power connection relationship between the fan blades and the rotating shaft, and improves the heat dissipation capacity of the permanent magnets and the coils in the motor.

[0039] As shown in the prior art, Figure 2 The permanent magnet motor comprises a motor body 1, a stator 21, a rotor 22, a rotating shaft 23, a front end cover 11 and a rear end cover 12. In the embodiment, the stator 21 is fixed on the inner wall of the motor body 1, the rotating shaft 23 penetrates through the front end and the rear end of the motor body 1 and is rotationally connected, the rotor 22 is fixed on the rotating shaft 23, the front end cover 11 is sleeved on the front end of the motor body 1 and is fixed by bolts, and the rear end cover 12 is sleeved on the rear end of the motor body 1 and is fixed by bolts.

[0040] In order to realize heat dissipation in the permanent magnet motor, the outer wall of the rotating shaft 23 is provided with a fan blade assembly 4, which is used for accelerating the flow of gas in the motor and improving the heat dissipation capacity of the motor.

[0041] In a low-temperature environment, only heat exchange between the external low-temperature environment and the motor is needed to achieve the cooling of the motor. The fan blades in the conventional motor are usually directly fixed on the rotating shaft 23. In a low-temperature environment, the rotation of the fan blades consumes the energy of the motor itself, resulting in energy loss.

[0042] Therefore, the rotation of the fan blades needs to be controlled. In the scheme mentioned in the prior art, the thermal expansion and cold shrink block is installed in the rotating shaft, and then the movement of the elastic block installed on the rotating shaft is controlled, so as to provide kinetic energy for the fan blades, realize the rotation of the fan blades, solve the problem of heat dissipation of the motor in a high-temperature state, and at the same time, the document also utilizes the flow of air outside the motor body, utilizes the air flow channel arranged in the motor body to discharge the hot air in the motor body to the outside, so as to improve the heat dissipation capacity of the motor in a high-temperature state.

[0043] In view of the above problems, firstly, the thermal expansion and cold shrink block is used to detect the temperature in the motor, and then the movement of the elastic block driven by the thermal expansion and cold shrink block is used to realize the power connection of the fan blades. The defects of this scheme are as follows:

[0044] 1: The thermal expansion and contraction block has weak ability to detect temperature changes, and when the temperature changes, the thermal expansion and contraction block deforms slightly, generates a small torque, and limits the movement range of the elastic block, causing the power connection relationship between the fan blade and the rotating shaft to be unstable.

[0045] 2: The thermal expansion and contraction block and the elastic block are installed inside the rotating shaft, which can easily change the center of rotation of the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft can easily vibrate at high speed.

[0046] 3: The thermal expansion and contraction block and the elastic block are installed inside the rotating shaft, which makes the processing technology of the rotating shaft more complex and makes it difficult to install the thermal expansion and contraction block and the elastic block.

[0047] Therefore, the above scheme needs to be further improved.

[0048] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 15 , the inner wall of the rear end of the motor body 1 is provided with a support plate 15, and the rear end of the rotating shaft 23 is installed on the support plate 15 through a bearing. The support plate 15 is provided with a front and rear through air inlet 151 to allow air from the outside to be sucked into the motor through the fan blade assembly 4.

[0049] Among them, the fan blade is installed at the rear end of the motor body 1, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 9 , the rotating shaft 23 is fixedly installed with a locking disc 36, and the support plate 15 is installed with a power switching assembly 3 for realizing the output of the power on the locking disc 36 to the fan blade assembly 4.

[0050] In order to monitor the temperature inside the motor and control the position of the power switching assembly 3, realize the power connection or disconnection of the fan blade assembly 4 and the rotating shaft 23, in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , the outer side of the motor body 1 is provided with a central control unit 13, and the inside of the motor body 1 is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the stator 21 and the rotor 22. The temperature sensor is electrically connected with the central control unit 13, and the power switching assembly 3 is electrically connected with the central control unit 13.

[0051] The specific case is as follows:

[0052] The central control unit 13 is internally provided with two thresholds, a first threshold and a second threshold, wherein the first threshold is the motor temperature, wherein it is mainly used for the minimum value for starting the fan assembly inside the motor, when the motor temperature reaches the first threshold, at this time the central control unit 13 sends an electrical signal to the power switching assembly 3, the locking disc 36 is in power connection with the fan assembly 4, the power of the rotating shaft 23 is transmitted to the fan assembly 4, and the heat dissipation capacity of the motor is improved, and the second threshold is a temperature value and is less than the first threshold, when the temperature is lower than or equal to the second threshold, at this time the power switching assembly 3 disconnects the power connection between the rotating shaft 23 and the fan assembly 4, stops the power output to the fan assembly 4, and reduces the energy consumption.

[0053] In the embodiment, in order to realize the installation of the power switching assembly 3, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7 , the power switching assembly 3 comprises a spline sleeve 31 sleeved outside the rotating shaft 23, the spline sleeve 31 is fixed on the support plate 15, and spline teeth are arranged on the outer wall of the spline sleeve 31, a first sliding sleeve 32 is sleeved outside the spline sleeve 31, the inner wall of the first sliding sleeve 32 is provided with internal spline teeth matched with the spline teeth of the spline sleeve 31, so that the first sliding sleeve 32 can slide along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 23, wherein the spline sleeve 31 is fixedly provided with an electromagnet 33 electrically connected with the central control unit 13, one end of the first sliding sleeve 32 close to the electromagnet 33 is fixedly connected with an armature 34, and a first spring 35 is arranged between the first sliding sleeve 32 and the support plate 15, one end of the first spring 35 is fixedly connected with the support plate 15, and the other end is fixedly connected with the first sliding sleeve 32.

[0054] Through the above arrangement, when the motor is in a low-temperature state, the external environment can satisfy the heat dissipation of the motor, as shown in Figure 8 , at this time the electromagnet 33 stops power transmission and has no magnetism, the first spring 35 is in a free state and pulls the first sliding sleeve 32 away from the electromagnet 33, at this time the power switching assembly 3 is unlocked with the locking disc 36, and the power on the rotating shaft 23 is disconnected and transmitted to the fan assembly 4; when the motor temperature is higher than the first threshold, as shown in Figure 7 , the electromagnet 33 is electrified, attracts the armature 34, drives the first sliding sleeve 32 to move and stretch the first spring 35, realizes the locking of the locking disc 36 and the power switching assembly 3, and realizes the transmission of the power.

[0055] In the embodiment, in order to realize the specific installation of the fan assembly 4, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, the outer wall of the first sliding sleeve 32 is rotationally connected with a second sliding sleeve 37, wherein the leaf assembly 4 is fixed on the second sliding sleeve 37, specifically, the outer wall of the first sliding sleeve 32 is provided with a ring groove 321, the inner part of the second sliding sleeve 37 is fixedly provided with a limiting baffle 371 inserted into the inside of the sliding groove 321, thereby enabling the second sliding sleeve 37 and the first sliding sleeve 32 to relatively rotate along the axis thereof, at this time, the first sliding sleeve 32 can drive the second sliding sleeve 37 and the leaf assembly 4 to synchronously move axially during the forward and backward movement of the first sliding sleeve 32.

[0056] In order to realize the locking of the second sliding sleeve 37 and the locking disc 36, in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 8 , the inner wall of the second sliding sleeve 37 is fixedly provided with six extension plates 372 distributed in a circumferential direction, the extension plates 372 extend along the radial direction of the second sliding sleeve 37, the extension plates 372 are provided with locking pins 373 axially sliding along the rotation shaft 23, the second spring 374 is arranged between the locking pin 373 and the extension plate 372, one end of the second spring 374 is fixedly connected with the locking pin 373, and the other end thereof is fixedly connected with the extension plate 372, the locking disc 36 is provided with locking holes 361 for the locking pins 373 to be inserted into, when the locking pin 373 is inserted into the inside of the locking hole 361, the locking disc 36 can drive the second sliding sleeve 37 to rotationally move in a circumferential direction through the locking pin 373, thereby driving the leaf assembly 4 to rotate.

[0057] When the electromagnet 33 is energized, a magnetic force is generated to attract the armature 34 to move to the side of the electromagnet 33, thereby driving the first sliding sleeve 32 and the second sliding sleeve 37 and the locking pin 373 to move and stretch the first spring 35, from Figure 8 to Figure 9 , since the number of locking holes 361 and locking pins 373 is small, the locking disc 36 is in a high-speed rotating state, the locking pin 373 cannot be directly inserted into the inside of the locking hole 361, at this time, the outer wall of the extension plate 372 abuts against the outer wall of the locking disc 36, at this time, the locking pin 373 is pushed to move backward and stretch the second spring 374, at this time, the extension plate 372 and the locking disc 36 are in contact and relatively rotate, when the locking hole 361 and the locking pin 373 are in alignment, at this time, the locking pin 373 is inserted into the locking hole 361, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the locking disc 36 and the second sliding sleeve 37, from Figure 9 to Figure 7 , at this time, the leaf assembly 4 can be driven to rotate at a high speed.

[0058] In order to realize the circulation of the gas in the motor, in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the rotor 22 and the rotating shaft 23 are provided with a wind channel 26 penetrating the front and rear ends of the rotor 22, wherein the high-speed rotation of the fan blade assembly 4 drives the external wind to flow from the rear end to the front end of the motor, thereby cooling the rotor 22.

[0059] In order to guide the airflow inside the motor outwards, in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 14 As shown, the front end cover 11 is provided with a first air outlet hole 111, and the wind inside the wind channel 26 flows outwards through the first air outlet hole 111, thereby accelerating the flow of gas.

[0060] In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 The outer wall of the rotor 22 is provided with a permanent magnet 24, wherein the outer wall of the rotor 22 is provided with a mounting groove 221 arranged along the axis of the rotating shaft 23, and the permanent magnet 24 is provided with a mounting rib 241 inserted into the mounting groove 221, wherein the cross sections of the mounting rib 241 and the mounting groove 221 are dovetail-shaped, thereby enhancing the firmness of the permanent magnet 24.

[0061] In order to cool the permanent magnet 24, in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 The inner wall of the rotor 22 and the outer wall of the rotor 22 are provided with a heat dissipation hole 222, and when the gas inside the wind channel 26 flows, the heat dissipation hole 222 accelerates the flow of gas around the permanent magnet 24, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the permanent magnet 24.

[0062] Since the first air outlet hole 111 is provided on the front end cover 11, at this time, the external water droplets or rainwater are easy to enter the motor through the first air outlet hole 111, thereby affecting the normal operation of the motor, and therefore it is necessary to shield the water droplets or rainwater, in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 14 The inner wall of the motor body 1 is provided with a shielding plate 14, and the shielding plate 14 is provided with a second air outlet hole 141 which is mutually staggered with the first air outlet hole 111, wherein the second air outlet hole 141 is used to guide the airflow inside the motor outwards, and the mutual staggered position relationship between the second air outlet hole 141 and the first air outlet hole 111 can easily shield the rainwater or water droplets, thereby improving the safety performance of the motor during use.

[0063] Since the second air outlet hole 141 and the first air outlet hole 111 need to be installed in a staggered manner, in order to facilitate the quick and accurate installation of the shielding plate 14, in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 14 The inner wall of the motor body 1 is provided with an insertion groove 101 arranged along the axis of the rotating shaft 23, and the peripheral wall of the shielding plate 14 is fixedly provided with an insertion block 142 inserted into the insertion groove 101, wherein the insertion groove 101 and the insertion block 142 are both provided with four, thereby facilitating the stability of the installation of the shielding plate 14.

[0064] In the embodiment, in order to fix the shielding plate 14 and the front end cover 11, the plug block 142 is first plugged into the plug slot 101 and the shielding plate 14 is pushed to the bottom of the plug slot 101, and then the front end cover 11 is sleeved on the front end outside of the motor body 1, and the bolt is screwed through the front end cover 11, the motor body 1 and the threaded hole of the shielding plate 14, thereby realizing the quick installation of the shielding plate 14 and the front end cover 11.

[0065] Since the coil 25 needs to be installed on the stator 21, the gap between the permanent magnet 24 and the coil 25 is small at this time, the airflow circulation is slow, and the heat dissipation effect of the coil 25 is poor. Therefore, in the embodiment, the following improvement scheme is made to improve the heat dissipation effect of the coil 25. Figure 4 and Figure 10 As shown in the figures, the inner wall of the stator 21 is provided with a plurality of coil accommodating grooves 211 for installing the coil 25, wherein a plurality of heat dissipation channels 212 penetrating through the front and rear ends of the stator 21 are arranged inside the stator 21, the heat dissipation channels 212 and the coil accommodating grooves 211 are communicated and provided with heat dissipation grooves 213, and the motor is further provided with a flow guide cover 5 for guiding the airflow of the fan blade assembly 4 to the heat dissipation channel 212.

[0066] Through the above setting, the fan blade assembly 4 rotates at high speed, and the airflow flows to the heat dissipation channel 212 through the guidance of the flow guide cover 5. At this time, negative pressure will appear in the heat dissipation groove 213, thereby being able to take out the heat on the surface of the coil 25 inside the coil accommodating groove 211 from the motor, and improving the heat dissipation capacity of the coil 25.

[0067] In the embodiment, as shown in the figures, Figure 6 , Figure 10 and Figure 12 The flow guide cover 5 is installed on the inner wall of the motor body 1 at the rear end of the stator 21 and located at the front side of the fan blade assembly 4, wherein the flow guide cover 5 is provided with a first air duct opening 51 communicated with the air duct 26, and a plurality of second air duct openings 53 opposite to the heat dissipation channels 212 are further arranged on the flow guide cover 5. The fan blade assembly 4 rotates at high speed to drive the airflow to flow to the air duct 26 through the first air duct opening 51 and to the heat dissipation channel 212 through the second air duct opening 53, thereby being able to accelerate the heat dissipation of the coil 25.

[0068] In order to control the airflow direction of the fan blade assembly 4, in the embodiment, as shown in the figures, Figure 10As shown, the fan assembly 4 is provided with a shielding ring 6, and the fairing 5 is provided with a sealing sliding groove 52. When the fan assembly 4 rotates at a high speed, the shielding ring 6 is inserted into the sealing ring groove, thereby separating the first air duct opening 51 and the second air duct opening 53. At this time, the shielding ring 6, the fairing 5, the motor body 1 and the fan assembly 4 enclose the first air chamber 601 and the second air chamber 602 separated by the shielding ring 6. The first air chamber 601 is connected with the air duct 26, and the second air chamber 602 is connected with the heat dissipation channel 212, so that the airflow in the second air chamber 602 flows smoothly to the heat dissipation channel 212.

[0069] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 13 , the fan assembly includes a first fan 41 located in the second air chamber 602 and a second fan 42 located in the first air chamber 601, and further includes a first air inlet 401 for supplying air to the second air chamber 602 and a second air inlet 402 for supplying air to the first air chamber 601.

[0070] When the fan assembly 4 rotates at a high speed, the first fan 41 rotates to drive the external airflow to flow to the second air chamber 601 through the first air inlet 401, and then flows into the heat dissipation channel 212. The second fan 42 rotates to drive the external airflow to flow to the first air chamber 601 through the second air inlet 402, and then flows into the air duct 26, thereby achieving gas distribution and providing stable airflow to the heat dissipation channel 212 to enhance the heat dissipation effect of the entire motor.

[0071] When the temperature inside the motor is lower than the second threshold value, the fan assembly 4 slides away from the electromagnet 33 under the action of the second sliding sleeve 37, as shown in Figure 11 , at this time the shielding ring 6 is separated from the sealing ring groove 52, and the external gas can flow into the motor through the air inlet 151, the first air inlet 401 and the second air inlet 402, thereby cooling the permanent magnet 24 and the coil 25. The gas inside the motor flows out to the outside through the second air outlet hole 141 and the first air outlet hole 111.

[0072] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 15 , the support seat 15 is installed at the rear end of the motor body 1, and the rear end cover 12 is sleeved on the outside of the rear end of the motor body 1. The rear end cover 12 and the support seat 15 are fixed on the motor body 1 by bolts.

[0073] It is apparent for a person skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above described exemplary embodiments, but that it can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet motor, comprising a motor body (1), a rotating shaft (23) connected with the motor body (1), and a fan blade assembly (4) sleeved outside the rotating shaft, a power switching assembly (3) is arranged between the rotating shaft (23) and the fan blade assembly (4) to realize power connection between the fan blade assembly (4) and the rotating shaft (23), characterized in that: The power switching assembly (3) comprises a spline sleeve (31) fixed on the motor body (1) and sleeved outside the rotating shaft (23), a first sliding sleeve (32) is connected with the outer wall of the spline sleeve (31) in spline, one end of the first sliding sleeve (32) is fixedly connected with an armature (34), an electromagnet (33) is fixedly connected on the spline sleeve (31), a reset member for switching the first sliding sleeve (32) from the second state back to the first state is arranged between the first sliding sleeve (32) and the motor body (1), the outer wall of the first sliding sleeve (32) is rotatably connected with a second sliding sleeve (37), the second sliding sleeve (37) is fixedly connected with the fan assembly (4), a locking disc (36) is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (23), the second sliding sleeve (37) is provided with a locking member matched with the locking disc (36), in the first state, the electromagnet (33) is de-energized, the armature (34) is away from the first sliding sleeve (32) and the electromagnet (33), the locking member is away from the locking disc (36) and is in the unlocking state with the locking disc (36), in the second state, the electromagnet (33) is energized, the armature (34) is close to the first sliding sleeve (32) and stretches the reset member, and the locking member is close to the locking disc (36) and is locked with the locking disc (36).

2. A permanent magnet electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking member comprises a plurality of locking holes (361), an extension plate (372), a locking pin (373) and a second spring (374), the locking holes (361) are arranged on the locking disc (36), a plurality of extension plates (372) are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the second sliding sleeve (37) in a circumferential direction, the locking pin (373) penetrates through the extension plate (372), one end of the second spring (374) is fixedly connected with the locking pin (373), and the other end of the second spring (374) is fixedly connected with the extension plate (372), in the locking state, the locking pin (373) is inserted into the locking hole (361).

3. A permanent magnet electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (23) is fixedly provided with a rotor (22), an air duct (26) for air circulation is arranged between the rotating shaft (23) and the rotor (22), a plurality of heat dissipation holes (222) are arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the rotor (22), and the outer wall of the rotor (22) is fixedly installed with a permanent magnet (24).

4. A permanent magnet electric machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the rotor (22) is provided with an installation groove (221) extending in the axial direction of the rotor (22), the permanent magnet (24) is provided with an installation rib (241), the installation rib (241) is inserted into the installation groove (221), and the cross section of the installation groove (221) is dovetail type.

5. A permanent magnet electric machine as recited in claim 3, characterized by: The inner wall of the motor body (1) is fixedly provided with a stator (21), the inner wall of the stator (21) is provided with a plurality of coil accommodating grooves (211) for placing coils (25), the inside of the stator (21) is provided with a heat dissipation channel (212) penetrating through the front and rear ends of the stator (21), the heat dissipation channel (212) is in communication with the coil accommodating grooves (211) and is provided with a heat dissipation groove (213), and the motor is provided with a flow guide cover (5) for guiding airflow to the heat dissipation channel (212) and the air duct (26).

6. A permanent magnet electric machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flow guide cover (5) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the motor body (1), and the flow guide cover (5) is provided with a first air duct opening (51) opposite to the air duct (26), and the flow guide cover (5) is provided with a plurality of second air duct openings (53) opposite to the heat dissipation channel (212).

7. A permanent magnet electric machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fan blade assembly (4) is fixedly provided with a shielding ring (6) for dividing air to the first air duct opening (51) and the second air duct opening (53), and the flow guide cover (5) is provided with a sealing ring groove (52) for inserting the shielding ring (6), and in the locked state, the shielding ring (6) is inserted into the sealing ring groove (52).

8. A permanent magnet electric machine as recited in claim 1, characterized by: The front end of the motor body (1) is provided with a front end cover (11), and the front end cover (11) is provided with a first air outlet hole (111) for airflow out of the motor body (1).

9. A permanent magnet electric machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner wall of the motor body (1) is provided with a shielding plate (14), and the shielding plate (14) is provided with a second air outlet hole (141) which is mutually staggered with the first air outlet hole (111).

10. A permanent magnet electric machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner wall of the motor body (1) is provided with an insertion groove (101) arranged along the axial direction of the motor body (1), the side wall of the shielding plate (14) is fixedly provided with an insertion block (142) inserted into the insertion groove (101), and the front end cover (11) is sleeved on the outside of the motor body (1) and fixed to the motor body (1) by bolts.

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