Remote pumping transmission system online fault locating apparatus and method

Abstract

The application provides an online fault positioning device of a remote pumping transmission system, which comprises a combiner, a first signal monitoring module, a second signal monitoring module and a controller module. The combiner is used for connecting the online fault positioning device to the remote pumping transmission system. The first signal monitoring module is used for monitoring the performance of a second transmission optical fiber and sending the performance to the controller module. The second signal monitoring module is used for monitoring the output light performance of a pre-stage optical amplifier and sending the output light performance to the controller module. If the controller module judges that the performance of the second transmission optical fiber is a normal working value, but the output light performance of the pre-stage optical amplifier is an abnormal working value, then it is judged that the first transmission optical fiber or a remote gain unit is faulty. The online fault positioning device of the remote pumping transmission system can monitor and position the fault position of the performance deterioration of the remote pumping system in real time without interrupting the service, and can position the fault more quickly and conveniently without replacing the equipment and software in the remote pumping transmission system. The application further provides an online fault positioning method of a remote pumping transmission system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to an online fault location device and method for a remote pumping transmission system. Background Technology

[0002] Remote pumping transmission technology can greatly increase the transmission distance without repeaters, and is therefore widely used in ultra-long-distance repeaterless transmission systems. Remote pumping transmission technology is divided into forward remote pumping and backward remote pumping, with backward remote pumping providing a more significant increase in transmission distance and thus being more widely used.

[0003] The backward remote pumping transmission system mainly includes a remote gain unit, a transmission optical cable, and an in-station pumping unit. The remote gain unit is a passive device and is placed in the middle of the link in the remote pumping transmission system, making it impossible to monitor its performance in real time. Therefore, once the system performance deteriorates, it is difficult to determine whether the deterioration is due to the performance of the gain unit or the transmission optical cable. In such cases, it is often necessary to replace the backup line or manually troubleshoot the fault point on-site, which makes the maintenance of the remote pumping transmission system very inconvenient. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is necessary to propose a cascaded remote pump amplification system to solve or partially solve the above problems. The technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0005] An online fault location device for a remote pumping transmission system is disclosed. The remote pumping transmission system includes at least a first transmission optical fiber, a remote gain unit, a second transmission optical fiber, an in-station pumping unit, and a preamplifier, all connected sequentially. The online fault location device includes at least a multiplexer, a first signal monitoring module, a second signal monitoring module, and a controller module. The multiplexer connects the online fault location device to the remote pumping transmission system. The controller module is connected to both the first and second signal monitoring modules.

[0006] The first signal monitoring module monitors the performance of the second transmission fiber and sends it to the controller module. The second signal monitoring module monitors the output optical performance of the preamplifier and sends it to the controller module. If the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then it determines that the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is faulty.

[0007] Furthermore, the transmission end of the multiplexer is connected to the first signal monitoring module, the common end of the multiplexer is used to connect to the second transmission optical fiber or the station pump unit, and the reflection end of the multiplexer is used to connect to the input end of the preamplifier.

[0008] Furthermore, the second signal monitoring module monitors the output optical performance of the preamplifier, specifically including the output optical power and the optical signal-to-noise ratio.

[0009] Furthermore, if the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is determined to be faulty. Specifically, if the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then the specific fault is located using the following formula:

[0010]

[0011] Wherein, P1 and OSNR1 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at normal operating value, respectively; P2 and OSNR2 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at abnormal operating value, respectively; if k≈1, it is determined that the first transmission fiber is faulty; if k≈0, it is determined that the remote gain unit is faulty.

[0012] Furthermore, the first signal monitoring module is an OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer).

[0013] Furthermore, the second signal monitoring module is an OSA spectral analyzer or an optical channel monitoring module.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also discloses an online fault location method for a remote pumping transmission system, which is applied to a remote pumping transmission system. The remote pumping transmission system includes at least a first transmission optical fiber, a remote gain unit, a second transmission optical fiber, an in-station pumping unit, and a preamplifier connected in sequence. The online fault location method for the remote pumping transmission system includes the following steps:

[0015] Monitor the performance of the second transmission fiber and the output optical performance of the preamplifier. If the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is faulty.

[0016] Furthermore, the output optical performance of the preamplifier specifically includes output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio.

[0017] Furthermore, monitor the performance of the second transmission fiber and the output optical performance of the preamplifier. If the performance of the second transmission fiber is within normal operating range, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is abnormal, then the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is faulty. Specifically, this includes:

[0018] Monitor the performance of the second transmission fiber and the output optical performance of the preamplifier. If the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is within the normal operating range, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is within the abnormal operating range, then the specific fault can be located using the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Wherein, P1 and OSNR1 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at normal operating value, respectively; P2 and OSNR2 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at abnormal operating value, respectively; if k≈1, it is determined that the first transmission fiber is faulty; if k≈0, it is determined that the remote gain unit is faulty.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0022] The multiplexer of the online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system provided by this invention is used to connect the online fault location device to the remote pumping transmission system. A first signal monitoring module monitors the performance of the second transmission fiber and sends the data to a controller module. A second signal monitoring module monitors the output optical performance of the preamplifier and sends the data to the controller module. If the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is within normal operating limits, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is within abnormal operating limits, then the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is determined to be faulty. The online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system of this invention can monitor and locate the location of performance degradation faults in the remote pumping system in real time without interrupting services. Furthermore, it can locate faults without replacing the equipment and software in the remote pumping transmission system, making fault location faster and more convenient. This solves the problem of difficult fault location after the remote pumping transmission system is in operation, greatly reducing the system security risks caused by replacing equipment or upgrading software in existing remote pumping systems. It is applicable to remote pumping transmission systems already in operation in the current network. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a remote pumping transmission system in the prior art;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an online fault location device for a remote pumping transmission system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the gain change of the remote gain unit and the signal power and pump power in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the change in the gain noise index of the remote gain unit and the signal power and pump power in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a typical backward-following remote pumping transmission system includes a first transmission fiber 1, a remote gain unit 2, a second transmission fiber 3, an in-station pumping unit 4, and a preamplifier 5 connected in sequence. Communication service signals are transmitted from the first transmission fiber 1 and the remote gain unit 2 to the second transmission fiber 3, the in-station pumping unit 4, and the preamplifier 5. Pump signals are applied to the second transmission fiber 3 by the in-station pumping unit 4. The preamplifier 5 operates in constant gain mode.

[0030] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the online fault location device 6 for the remote pumping transmission system of this application includes at least a multiplexer 61, a first signal monitoring module 62, a second signal monitoring module 63, and a controller module 64. The multiplexer 61 is used to connect the online fault location device to the remote pumping transmission system. Specifically, the transmission end of the multiplexer 61 is connected to the first signal monitoring module 62, the reflection end of the multiplexer is connected to the input end of the preamplifier 5, and the common end of the multiplexer 61 is used to obtain the fiber performance of the second transmission fiber, thus it can be connected to the second transmission fiber or the station pumping unit. To facilitate the manufacturing of an integrated online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system, it is preferable that the common end of the multiplexer 61 is connected to the station pumping unit. In this case, the online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system includes three ports: 6a, 6b, and 6c. Port 6a is connected to the output end of the pumping unit 4, port 6b is connected to the input end of the preamplifier 5, and port 6c is connected to the output port 5a of the preamplifier 5.

[0031] The first signal monitoring module 62 monitors the performance of the second transmission fiber and sends the data to the controller module 64. The second signal monitoring module 63 monitors the output optical performance of the preamplifier and sends the data to the controller module 64. If the controller module 64 determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is within normal operating range, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is within abnormal operating range, then any fault in the line can only be due to a fault in the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit. It is understandable that the operating status of the station-based pumping unit 4 and the preamplifier 5 in the remote pumping transmission system can be monitored by the system's built-in network management unit.

[0032] The online fault location device for remote pumping transmission systems of the present invention can monitor and locate the location of performance degradation faults in remote pumping systems in real time without interrupting services. Moreover, it can locate faults without replacing the equipment and software in the remote pumping transmission system, making fault location faster and more convenient. It solves the problem of difficult fault location after the remote pumping transmission system is in operation, and greatly reduces the system security risks caused by replacing equipment or upgrading software in the existing remote pumping system. It can be applied to remote pumping transmission systems that have been put into operation in the existing network.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] In other embodiments, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system includes at least a multiplexer 61, a first signal monitoring module 62, a second signal monitoring module 63, and a controller module 64. The multiplexer 61 connects the online fault location device to the remote pumping transmission system. The transmission end of the multiplexer 61 is connected to the first signal monitoring module 62, the common end of the multiplexer 61 is connected to the pumping unit within the station, and the reflection end of the multiplexer 61 is connected to the input end of the preamplifier. The first signal monitoring module 62 can be an OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), and the second signal monitoring module 63 can be an OSA (Optical System Amplifier) ​​or an OCM (Optical Channel Monitoring Module). The second signal monitoring module 63 monitors the output optical performance of the preamplifier, specifically including output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio.

[0035] In some embodiments, the first signal monitoring module 62 operates at a wavelength of 1625nm, the wavelength range of the transmission end of the combiner 61 is 1610nm~1650nm, and the wavelength range of the reflection end is 1525nm~1560nm; the second signal monitoring module 63 can monitor the signal optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in real time. The online fault location device of the remote pumping transmission system can be started automatically, or manually operated or periodically started to start the first signal monitoring module 62 and the second signal monitoring module 63 for monitoring or scanning, and can monitor and analyze data in real time.

[0036] The first signal monitoring module 62 monitors the performance of the second transmission fiber and sends it to the controller module 64. The second signal monitoring module 63 monitors the output optical performance of the preamplifier and sends it to the controller module 64. If the controller module 64 determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then the specific fault is located using the following formula (1):

[0037]

[0038] Wherein, P1 and OSNR1 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at normal operating value, respectively; P2 and OSNR2 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at abnormal operating value, respectively. If the normalized parameter k≈1 of the remote pumping system performance degradation, it is determined that the first transmission fiber is faulty; if the normalized parameter k≈0 of the remote pumping system performance degradation, it is determined that the remote gain unit is faulty.

[0039] To facilitate understanding, the following details the range of values ​​for the normalization parameter k, which accounts for the performance degradation of the remote pumping system, and its corresponding physical meaning. Based on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) calculation formula for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems, the OSNR of the service signal at the system terminal of the remote pumping transmission system is... OUT for:

[0040] OSNR OUT (dB)=P in (dB)-F SYS (dB)-10loghνB0 (2)

[0041] OSNR OUT P represents the optical signal-to-noise ratio at the system's end. in Here, h is the optical power at the transmitting end of the system, v is the optical center frequency, and B0 is the optical bandwidth, typically 10loghvB0 = -58. SYS The equivalent noise of the system is:

[0042]

[0043] Wherein, F1 is the noise figure of the optical amplifier at the transmitting end of the remote pumping transmission system, and G1 is the gain of the optical amplifier at the transmitting end of the remote pumping transmission system; F2 is the noise figure of the remote gain unit 2 of the remote pumping transmission system, and G2 is the gain of the gain unit 2 of the remote pumping transmission system; F3 is the noise figure of the station pumping unit 4 of the remote pumping transmission system, and G3 is the gain of the station pumping unit 4 of the remote pumping transmission system; F4 is the noise figure of the preamplifier 5 of the remote pumping transmission system; L1 is the loss of the first transmission fiber 1 of the remote pumping transmission system, and L2 is the loss of the second transmission fiber 3 of the remote pumping transmission system.

[0044] For a backward-following remote pumping system, due to the long transmission fiber optic line, the loss L1 of the first transmission fiber 1 is negligible relative to the noise figure F2 of the gain unit 2, and the loss L2 of the second transmission fiber 3 is negligible relative to the noise figure F3 of the in-station pumping unit 4. F1 is the noise figure of the optical amplifier at the transmitting end of the remote pumping transmission system. For optical amplifiers, its value generally does not exceed 6, while for long-distance systems, the system's equivalent noise figure is around tens of thousands. Therefore:

[0045]

[0046] Therefore, formula (3) can be simplified to:

[0047]

[0048] The optical power P at the end of the remote pumping transmission system OUT It can be represented as:

[0049] P OUT (dB)=P in (dB)+G1(dB)-L1(dB)+G2(dB)-L2(dB)+G3(dB)+G4(dB) (5)

[0050] Based on simulation calculations of the transmission characteristics of the remote gain unit, when the pump power remains constant, the gain G2 of the remote gain unit remains almost unchanged. Figure 3 As shown), noise figure F2 ( Figure 4 As shown, the gain G2 and noise figure F2 of the remote gain unit in the remote pumping transmission system remain almost unchanged, meaning that they are only related to the pump light power. Therefore, when the performance of the second transmission fiber 3 is at its normal operating value with no performance degradation (i.e., L2 is constant), and if the performance of the remote gain unit is not degraded and G2 and F2 are constant, the calculation process for the k value is as follows if the first transmission fiber fails:

[0051]

[0052] According to formula (4), we can obtain formula (7).

[0053]

[0054] Substituting formulas (5), (6), and (7) into formula (1) yields formula (8).

[0055]

[0056] That is, if the performance of the remote pumping system deteriorates and the normalized parameter k≈1, it is determined that the first transmission fiber is faulty.

[0057] When the performance of the second transmission fiber 3 is at its normal operating value with no performance degradation (i.e., L2 is constant), if the performance of the first transmission fiber is not degraded, then L1 is also constant. If the performance of the remote gain unit degrades, i.e., the gain of the remote gain unit decreases, then:

[0058]

[0059] make

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] For ultra-long-distance remote pumping transmission systems, based on industry experience, the noise figure of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is generally less than 6dB, meaning the noise figure of the remote gain unit F2 is less than 6dB; the noise figure of the preamplifier F4 is less than 6dB; the noise figure of the Raman fiber amplifier is generally less than -1dB, meaning the noise figure of the in-station pump unit 4 F3 is less than -1dB; G1 is the gain of the transmitting amplifier, and the maximum equivalent fiber input supported by the transmitting end of current ultra-long-distance transmission systems is around 25dBm, meaning the maximum gain can reach 25dB; G2 is the gain of the remote gain unit, which is greater than 16dB during operation, equivalent to about 40 in linear units; generally, remote pumping systems are used only for systems with a single-span transmission loss of more than 70dB, while the in-station pump unit 4 is generally placed 18dB away from the receiving end, meaning the second transmission fiber cross-loss L2 is 18dB, therefore L1≈3L2. Furthermore, for the remote pumping system, substituting the above values ​​into equation (9) (the logarithmic units (dB) need to be converted to linear units before calculation), AG2 = 126640, B = 8351, that is:

[0063] AG2 >> B,

[0064] therefore,

[0065] This indicates that when the performance of the first transmission fiber is not degraded, but the performance of the remote gain unit degrades, the normalized parameter k is near 0. That is, if the normalized parameter k≈0 due to the performance degradation of the remote pumping system, it is determined that the remote gain unit has failed.

[0066] The online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system of the present invention can monitor and locate the fault location of the remote pumping system performance degradation in real time without interrupting services. It can quickly and accurately locate the fault in the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit, and can do so without replacing the equipment and software in the remote pumping transmission system. This solves the problem of difficult fault location after the remote pumping transmission system is in operation, and greatly reduces the system security risks caused by replacing equipment or upgrading software in the existing remote pumping system. It is applicable to remote pumping transmission systems that have been put into operation in the existing network.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] This invention also discloses an online fault location method for a remote pumping transmission system, applied to a remote pumping transmission system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the remote pumping transmission system includes at least a first transmission fiber 1, a remote gain unit 2, a second transmission fiber 3, an in-station pumping unit 4, and a preamplifier 5 connected in sequence. The online fault location method for this system is characterized by including the following steps:

[0069] The performance of the second transmission fiber and the output optical performance of the preamplifier are monitored. If the performance of the second transmission fiber is within normal operating range, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is abnormal, then the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is considered to be faulty. Specifically, the output optical performance of the preamplifier includes output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio. It is understood that the operation of the station-based pumping unit 4 and the preamplifier 5 in the remote pumping transmission system can be monitored by the system's built-in network management unit.

[0070] To more accurately locate the fault point, the online fault location method of this remote pumping transmission system specifically includes:

[0071] Monitor the performance of the second transmission fiber and the output optical performance of the preamplifier. If the controller module 64 determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then the specific fault is located using the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] Wherein, P1 and OSNR1 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at normal operating value, respectively; P2 and OSNR2 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at abnormal operating value, respectively; if k≈1, it is determined that the first transmission fiber is faulty; if k≈0, it is determined that the remote gain unit is faulty.

[0074] To facilitate understanding, the following details the range of values ​​for the normalization parameter k, which accounts for the performance degradation of the remote pumping system, and its corresponding physical meaning. Based on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) calculation formula for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems, the OSNR of the service signal at the system terminal of the remote pumping transmission system is... OUT for:

[0075] OSNR OUT (dB)=P in (dB)-F SYS (dB)-10loghνB0 (2)

[0076] OSNR OUT P represents the optical signal-to-noise ratio at the system's end. in Here, h is the optical power at the transmitting end of the system, v is the optical center frequency, and B0 is the optical bandwidth, typically 10loghvB0 = -58. SYS The equivalent noise of the system is:

[0077]

[0078] Wherein, F1 is the noise figure of the optical amplifier at the transmitting end of the remote pumping transmission system, and G1 is the gain of the optical amplifier at the transmitting end of the remote pumping transmission system; F2 is the noise figure of the remote gain unit 2 of the remote pumping transmission system, and G2 is the gain of the gain unit 2 of the remote pumping transmission system; F3 is the noise figure of the station pumping unit 4 of the remote pumping transmission system, and G3 is the gain of the station pumping unit 4 of the remote pumping transmission system; F4 is the noise figure of the preamplifier 5 of the remote pumping transmission system; L1 is the loss of the first transmission fiber 1 of the remote pumping transmission system, and L2 is the loss of the second transmission fiber 3 of the remote pumping transmission system.

[0079] For a backward-following remote pumping system, due to the long transmission fiber optic line, the loss L1 of the first transmission fiber 1 is negligible relative to the noise figure F2 of the gain unit 2, and the loss L2 of the second transmission fiber 3 is negligible relative to the noise figure F3 of the in-station pumping unit 4. F1 is the noise figure of the optical amplifier at the transmitting end of the remote pumping transmission system. For optical amplifiers, its value generally does not exceed 6, while for long-distance systems, the equivalent noise figure is around tens of thousands. Therefore:

[0080]

[0081] Therefore, formula (3) can be simplified to:

[0082]

[0083] The optical power P at the end of the remote pumping transmission system OUT It can be represented as:

[0084] P OUT (dB)=P in (dB)+G1(dB)-L1(dB)+G2(dB)-L2(dB)+G3(dB)+G4(dB) (5)

[0085] Based on simulation calculations of the transmission characteristics of the remote gain unit, when the pump power remains constant, the gain G2 of the remote gain unit remains almost unchanged. Figure 3 As shown), noise figure F2 ( Figure 4 As shown, the gain G2 and noise figure F2 of the remote gain unit in the remote pumping transmission system remain almost unchanged, meaning that they are only related to the pump light power. Therefore, when the performance of the second transmission fiber 3 is at its normal operating value with no performance degradation (i.e., L2 is constant), and if the performance of the remote gain unit is not degraded and G2 and F2 are constant, the calculation process for the k value is as follows if the first transmission fiber fails:

[0086]

[0087] According to formula (4), we can obtain formula (7).

[0088]

[0089] Substituting formulas (5), (6), and (7) into formula (1) yields formula (8).

[0090]

[0091] That is, if the performance of the remote pumping system deteriorates and the normalized parameter k≈1, it is determined that the first transmission fiber is faulty.

[0092] When the performance of the second transmission fiber 3 is at its normal operating value without performance degradation, L2 is a constant. If the performance of the first transmission fiber is not degraded, then L1 is also a constant. If the performance of the remote gain unit degrades, that is, the gain of the remote gain unit decreases, then:

[0093]

[0094] make

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] For ultra-long-distance remote pumping transmission systems, based on industry experience, the noise figure of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is generally less than 6dB, meaning the noise figure of the remote gain unit F2 is less than 6dB; the noise figure of the preamplifier F4 is less than 6dB; the noise figure of the Raman fiber amplifier is generally less than -1dB, meaning the noise figure of the in-station pump unit F3 is less than -1dB; G1 is the gain of the transmitter amplifier, and the maximum equivalent fiber input supported by the transmitter in current ultra-long-distance transmission systems is around 25dBm, meaning the maximum gain can reach 25dB; G2 is the gain of the remote gain unit, which is greater than 16dB during operation; generally, remote pumping systems are used only for systems with a single-span transmission loss of more than 70dB, while the in-station pump unit 4 is generally placed 18dB away from the receiver, meaning the second transmission fiber cross-loss L2 is 18dB, therefore L1≈3L2. In addition, for remote pumping systems, the in-station pump unit 4 is generally placed 18dB away from the receiving end, that is, the L2 loss is 18dB. Substituting the above values ​​into equation (9) (the logarithmic units (dB) need to be converted to linear units before calculation), AG2 = 126640, B = 8351, that is: AG2 >> B

[0098] therefore,

[0099] This indicates that when the performance of the first transmission fiber is not degraded, but the performance of the remote gain unit degrades, the normalized parameter k is near 0. That is, if the normalized parameter k≈0 due to the performance degradation of the remote pumping system, it is determined that the remote gain unit has failed.

[0100] The online fault location method for remote pumping transmission systems of the present invention can monitor and locate the location of performance degradation faults in remote pumping systems in real time without interrupting services. It can quickly and accurately locate faults in the first transmission fiber or remote gain units, and can do so without replacing the equipment and software in the remote pumping transmission system. This solves the problem of difficult fault location after the remote pumping transmission system is in operation, greatly reduces the system security risks caused by replacing equipment or upgrading software in the existing network remote pumping system, and is applicable to remote pumping transmission systems that have been put into operation in the existing network.

[0101] In the detailed description above, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features in a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0102] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," just as "comprising" is interpreted as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. An online fault location device for a remote pumping transmission system, applied to a remote pumping transmission system, the remote pumping transmission system comprising at least a first transmission optical fiber, a remote gain unit, a second transmission optical fiber, an in-station pumping unit, and a preamplifier connected in sequence, characterized in that: It includes at least a multiplexer, a first signal monitoring module, a second signal monitoring module, and a controller module; the multiplexer is used to connect the online fault location device to the remote pump transmission system; the controller module is connected to the first signal monitoring module and the second signal monitoring module respectively; The first signal monitoring module monitors the performance of the second transmission fiber and sends it to the controller module. The second signal monitoring module monitors the output optical performance of the preamplifier and sends it to the controller module. If the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then it determines that the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is faulty.

2. The online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission end of the multiplexer is connected to the first signal monitoring module, the common end of the multiplexer is used to connect to the second transmission optical fiber or the station pump unit, and the reflection end of the multiplexer is used to connect to the input end of the preamplifier.

3. The online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second signal monitoring module monitors the output optical performance of the preamplifier, specifically including output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio.

4. The online fault location device for the remote pumping transmission system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, If the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is faulty. Specifically, if the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then the specific fault is located using the following formula: Wherein, P1 and OSNR1 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at normal operating value, respectively; P2 and OSNR2 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at abnormal operating value, respectively; if k≈1, it is determined that the first transmission fiber is faulty; if k≈0, it is determined that the remote gain unit is faulty.

5. The online fault location device for a remote pumping transmission system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first signal monitoring module is an OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer).

6. The online fault location device for a remote pumping transmission system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second signal monitoring module is either an OSA spectral analyzer or an optical channel monitoring module.

7. An online fault location method for a remote pumping transmission system, applied to a remote pumping transmission system, the remote pumping transmission system comprising at least a first transmission optical fiber, a remote gain unit, a second transmission optical fiber, an in-station pumping unit, and a preamplifier connected in sequence, the online fault location method for the remote pumping transmission system being characterized by comprising the following steps: Monitor the performance of the second transmission fiber and the output optical performance of the preamplifier. If the performance of the second transmission fiber is at a normal operating value, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at an abnormal operating value, then the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is faulty.

8. The online fault location method for a remote pumping transmission system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The output optical performance of the preamplifier specifically includes output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio.

9. The online fault location method for a remote pumping transmission system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Monitor the performance of the second transmission fiber and the output optical performance of the preamplifier. If the performance of the second transmission fiber is within normal operating range, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is abnormal, then the first transmission fiber or the remote gain unit is faulty. Specifically, this includes: Monitor the performance of the second transmission fiber and the output optical performance of the preamplifier. If the controller module determines that the performance of the second transmission fiber is within the normal operating range, but the output optical performance of the preamplifier is within the abnormal operating range, then the specific fault can be located using the following formula: Wherein, P1 and OSNR1 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at normal operating value, respectively; P2 and OSNR2 are the output optical power and optical signal-to-noise ratio when the output optical performance of the preamplifier is at abnormal operating value, respectively; if k≈1, it is determined that the first transmission fiber is faulty; if k≈0, it is determined that the remote gain unit is faulty.

Images