A kind of biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fertilizer technology, and in particular to a biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. By mass, the raw materials of the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer include: 50-60 parts of biochar, 10-15 parts of potassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-5 parts of urea, 5-7 parts of dandelion extract, and 1-3 parts of micro-fertilizer. Biochar contains abundant pore structures, which can slow down the release rate of fertilizer and meet the nutritional needs of flue-cured tobacco at various growth stages. The fertilizer of the present invention is rich in biochar content, which can improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil, and thus improve the fertilizer utilization rate and the quality of flue-cured tobacco, so that the nicotine content in the flue-cured tobacco leaves is within an appropriate range. The present invention can increase the nicotine content in the flue-cured tobacco leaves by adding dandelion extract as a raw material to the fertilizer, while reducing the difference in nicotine content in the upper, middle and lower leaves of the flue-cured tobacco, thereby improving the quality of the flue-cured tobacco.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nicotine is an important chemical indicator of tobacco leaves, which determines the strength of smoke, that is, the physiological strength. If the nicotine content is too high, the irritation is strong and the spicy taste is strong; if the nicotine content is too low, the strength is small and the taste is bland; if the nicotine content is appropriate, the strength is moderate and the taste is mellow. The nicotine content of high-quality flue-cured tobacco is between 1.5% and 3.5% (preferably 2.5%), which is convenient for cigarette formula use.

[0003] Affected by factors such as climate change and cultivation measures, the nicotine content of most tobacco leaves is currently below the lower limit of the appropriate index (1.5%); and the nicotine content in different parts of tobacco leaves, such as upper leaves, middle leaves, and lower leaves, varies greatly, which brings inconvenience to the application of tobacco leaves.

[0004] Therefore, providing a biochar-based controlled-release fertilizer that can increase the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves to an appropriate range and reduce the difference in nicotine content in the upper, middle and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco is of great significance to the field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, increase the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves to within an appropriate range, and reduce the difference in nicotine content in the upper, middle and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a biochar-based slow-release fertilizer, wherein the raw materials include, by weight: 50-60 parts of biochar, 10-15 parts of potassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-5 parts of urea, 5-7 parts of dandelion extract, and 1-3 parts of micro-fertilizer.

[0008] Furthermore, the particle size of the biochar is 100-200 meshes and the pH value is 5-8.

[0009] Furthermore, the micro-fertilizer is one or more of manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, and borax.

[0010] Furthermore, the preparation method of the dandelion extract comprises the following steps:

[0011] The dandelion is crushed and added into an ethanol aqueous solution, ultrasonically extracted, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the dandelion extract.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass volume ratio of the dandelion to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1 g:2-3 mL; and the mass concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 75-95%.

[0013] Furthermore, the ultrasonic extraction time is 10-15 minutes and the power is 20KHz.

[0014] Furthermore, the reduced pressure concentration is specifically reduced pressure concentration to 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the original volume.

[0015] The second technical solution of the present invention is a method for preparing the above-mentioned biochar-based slow-release fertilizer, comprising the following steps: mixing the raw materials uniformly according to the mass fractions, and granulating to obtain the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer.

[0016] A third technical solution of the present invention is a method for increasing the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves, comprising applying the above-mentioned biochar-based slow-release fertilizer.

[0017] A fourth technical solution of the present invention is a method for reducing the difference in nicotine content among the upper, middle and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises applying the above-mentioned biochar-based slow-release fertilizer.

[0018] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0019] (1) Biochar contains abundant pore structures, which can slow down the release rate of fertilizer and meet the nutritional needs of flue-cured tobacco at various growth stages. The fertilizer of the present invention is rich in biochar, which can improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil, and thus improve the fertilizer utilization rate and the quality of flue-cured tobacco, so that the nicotine content in the flue-cured tobacco leaves is within an appropriate range.

[0020] (2) Dandelion is a perennial herb that is usually used as a traditional Chinese medicine or tea. Adding its extract to fertilizer can increase the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves, while reducing the difference in nicotine content between the upper, middle and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco, thereby improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco.

[0021] (3) The invention has a reasonable formula, the raw materials are easily available, the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves can be significantly improved, and it is easy to promote and apply on a large scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0024] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0025] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0026] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0027] The "%" described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, is based on mass percentage.

[0028] The invention provides a biochar-based slow-release fertilizer. The raw materials include, by weight, 50-60 parts of biochar, 10-15 parts of potassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-5 parts of urea, 5-7 parts of dandelion extract and 1-3 parts of micro-fertilizer.

[0029] In the present invention, the particle size of the biochar is 100-200 meshes and the pH value is 5-8.

[0030] In the present invention, the micro-fertilizer is one or more of manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, and borax.

[0031] In the present invention, the preparation method of the dandelion extract comprises the following steps:

[0032] The dandelion is crushed and added into an ethanol aqueous solution, ultrasonically extracted, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the dandelion extract.

[0033] In the present invention, the mass volume ratio of the dandelion to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1 g: 2-3 mL; the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 75-95%.

[0034] In the present invention, the ultrasonic extraction time is 10-15 minutes and the power is 20KHz.

[0035] In the present invention, the reduced pressure concentration specifically refers to reduced pressure concentration to 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the original volume.

[0036] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned biochar-based slow-release fertilizer, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials according to mass fractions, and granulating to obtain the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer.

[0037] In the present invention, a drying step is further included after the granulation, and the drying temperature is 50-70°C.

[0038] The present invention also provides a method for increasing the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves, which comprises applying the above-mentioned biochar-based slow-release fertilizer; the application amount is 100-120 kg / mu, of which 80% is applied as base fertilizer and 20% is applied as hole fertilizer.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for reducing the difference in nicotine content in the upper, middle and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises applying the above-mentioned biochar-based slow-release fertilizer; the application amount is 100-120 kg / mu, of which 80% is applied as base fertilizer and 20% is applied as hole fertilizer.

[0040] The biochar used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention was purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd., with a particle size of 200 mesh and a pH value of 5-8. Biochar obtained by other means, such as homemade or purchased, is also applicable to the present invention.

[0041] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention can be obtained through commercial sources.

[0042] The preparation method of the dandelion extract used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is as follows:

[0043] The dandelion was crushed and added into an ethanol aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 75% at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:3 mL, ultrasonically extracted at 20 KHz for 15 min, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to 1 / 3 of the original volume to obtain a dandelion extract.

[0044] The trace element fertilizer used in the embodiments of the present invention and the comparative examples is specifically a mixture of manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Step 1, accurately weigh the raw materials by mass: 60 parts of biochar, 13 parts of potassium phosphate, 13 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of urea, 5 parts of dandelion extract, and 1 part of micro-fertilizer.

[0047] Step 2, mixing the raw materials evenly, granulating them, and drying them at 60° C. to obtain a biochar-based slow-release fertilizer.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Step 1, accurately weigh the raw materials by mass: 55 parts of biochar, 10 parts of potassium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of urea, 7 parts of dandelion extract, and 2 parts of micro-fertilizer.

[0050] Step 2, mixing the raw materials evenly, granulating them, and drying them at 60° C. to obtain a biochar-based slow-release fertilizer.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] Step 1, accurately weigh the raw materials by mass: 50 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of urea, 6 parts of dandelion extract, and 1 part of micro-fertilizer.

[0053] Step 2, mixing the raw materials evenly, granulating them, and drying them at 60° C. to obtain a biochar-based slow-release fertilizer.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] The only difference from Example 2 is that the biochar in the raw material is replaced by decomposed sheep manure.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] The only difference from Example 2 is that the dandelion extract in the raw material is omitted and replaced with biochar, that is, the amount of biochar added in step 1 is 62 parts, and no dandelion extract is added.

[0058] Effect verification example 1

[0059] A tobacco field (Yunyan 87) in Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province was selected to test the effects of the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 on the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The experimental area was divided into 5 groups, each group was about 0.4 mu, and each group applied the fertilizers of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 respectively, and each group was marked as Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. The specific application method of each group of fertilizers is as follows: the application amount of the five fertilizers is 120 kg / mu, of which 80% is applied as base fertilizer and 20% is applied as hole fertilizer. The spacing between tobacco seedlings is 110 cm × 55 cm. Other management methods are the same, and conventional management methods in this field are adopted, which will not be repeated here. The transplanting time of tobacco seedlings is mid-April, and the harvesting time is mid-August. The nicotine content in the upper leaves, middle leaves, and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco is shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1

[0061]

[0062] The nicotine content in Table 1 was determined in accordance with the YC / Z240-2008 tobacco and tobacco products standard system.

[0063] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing the difference in nicotine content in the upper, middle and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco by applying biochar-based slow-release fertilizer, characterized in that: The raw materials of the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer include, by weight: 50-60 parts of biochar, 10-15 parts of potassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-5 parts of urea, 5-7 parts of dandelion extract, and 1-3 parts of micro-fertilizer; The preparation method of the dandelion extract comprises the following steps: The dandelion is crushed and added into an ethanol aqueous solution, ultrasonically extracted, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the dandelion extract.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The particle size of the biochar is 100-200 meshes, and the pH value is 5-8.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The micro-fertilizer is one or more of manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, and borax.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of the dandelion to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1 g: 2-3 mL; the mass concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 75-95%.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The ultrasonic extraction time is 10-15 minutes, and the power is 20KHz.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The reduced pressure concentration specifically refers to reduced pressure concentration to 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the original volume.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing raw materials uniformly according to mass fractions, and granulating to obtain the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer.

Images