Corn ear rot resistance significantly related snp molecular marker combination, and screening method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination, which comprises SNPs 1-69, wherein SNPs 1-13, SNPs 14-19, SNPs 20-25, SNPs 26-31, SNPs 32-39, SNPs 40-42, SNPs 43-55, SNPs 56-60, SNPs 61-64 and SNPs 65-69 are located on the 1st-10th chromosomes of corn respectively. A related screening method and application are also provided. The corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination can be used to construct a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model, thereby significantly improving corn ear rot resistance prediction accuracy, and further improving breeding efficiency, reducing breeding cost, and being suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of quantitative genetics and corn breeding, in particular to the technical field of corn ear rot traits, and specifically refers to a SNP molecular marker combination significantly related to corn ear rot resistance, and a screening method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Corn ear rot is a kind of fungal disease caused by multiple pathogens, which occurs widely in the world's corn planting areas. Fusarium graminearum is one of the main pathogenic bacteria causing corn ear rot in China. After the pathogen infects the ear, it not only causes yield loss and commercial quality decline, but also produces a variety of toxins such as deoxyspergualenol and zearalenone, which affects food and feed safety and directly threatens human and animal health.

[0003] Due to the rich genetic diversity of pathogenic bacteria, they can adapt to various environments and different fungicides, resulting in unsatisfactory prevention and control effect through cultivation management and chemical means. Using disease-resistant varieties is an effective means to reduce the occurrence of corn ear rot. Identifying and cloning disease resistance genes can help breed disease-resistant varieties, but a large number of studies have shown that corn ear rot resistance is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes with small effects, which is easily affected by the environment. The selection efficiency and effect of using traditional breeding methods and molecular marker-assisted selection for genetic improvement of this trait are low and poor.

[0004] Whole genome selection is a breeding method using high-density molecular markers covering the whole genome for prediction, which is developed with modern sequencing technology. This method mainly uses a training population with known phenotypes and genotypes to construct a statistical model to predict the breeding value of a breeding population with only known genotypes. Since it uses whole genome molecular markers for selection, it can estimate all genetic effects and explain all genetic variations. Even if the effect of a molecular marker is small, it can also be estimated. Therefore, whole genome selection is more suitable for genetic improvement of complex quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes with small effects.

[0005] Therefore, it is desirable to provide a SNP molecular marker combination significantly related to corn ear rot resistance, which can be used to construct a whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance, thereby significantly improving the prediction accuracy of corn ear rot resistance, and further improving the breeding efficiency and reducing the breeding cost. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, one object of the present application is to provide a SNP molecular marker combination significantly related to corn ear rot resistance, which can be used to construct a whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance, thereby significantly improving the prediction accuracy of corn ear rot resistance, and further improving the breeding efficiency and reducing the breeding cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0007] Another object of the present application is to provide a screening method of a combination of SNP molecular markers significantly related to corn smut resistance, which is ingenious in design, simple in operation and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0008] Another object of the present application is to provide an application of the combination of SNP molecular markers significantly related to corn smut resistance in constructing a corn smut resistance whole genome selection data model, so that the corn smut resistance whole genome selection data model constructed can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of corn smut resistance, thereby improving the breeding efficiency and reducing the breeding cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0009] Another object of the present application is to provide a corn smut resistance whole genome selection data model construction method, which is ingenious in design and simple in operation, and the corn smut resistance whole genome selection data model constructed can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of corn smut resistance, thereby improving the breeding efficiency and reducing the breeding cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0010] Another object of the present application is to provide a corn smut resistance whole genome selection data model, which can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of corn smut resistance, thereby improving the breeding efficiency and reducing the breeding cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0011] Another object of the present application is to provide an application of the corn smut resistance whole genome selection data model in predicting corn smut resistance, so that the prediction accuracy of corn smut resistance can be significantly improved, thereby improving the breeding efficiency and reducing the breeding cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0012] In order to achieve the above objects, in the first aspect of the present application, a combination of SNP molecular markers significantly related to corn smut resistance is provided, which is characterized in that the combination of SNP molecular markers significantly related to corn smut resistance comprises SNP1-SNP69, wherein:

[0013] the SNP1, the SNP2, the SNP3, the SNP4, the SNP5, the SNP6, the SNP7, the SNP8, the SNP9, the SNP10, the SNP11, the SNP12 and the SNP13 are located at the 43645851th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 49802535th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 59419876th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 69429811th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 81312482th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 163156463th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 183882633th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 190231452th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 197499264th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 199720627th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 199916785th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 213511580th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize and the 278099674th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 43645851th base is A or G, the 49802535th base is A or G, the 59419876th base is T or C, the 69429811th base is T or G, the 81312482th base is A or C, the 163156463th base is A or G, the 183882633th base is T or C, the 190231452th base is T or C, the 197499264th base is A or G, the 199720627th base is A or G, the 199916785th base is A or G, the 213511580th base is T or C, the 278099674th base is A or C;

[0014] the SNP14, the SNP15, the SNP16, the SNP17, the SNP18 and the SNP19 are located at the 6422884th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 10149988th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 40362374th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 200079778th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 206597745th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize and the 239867263th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 6422884th base is T or G, the 10149988th base is A or C, the 40362374th base is C or G, the 200079778th base is T or C, the 206597745th base is T or C, the 239867263th base is A or G;

[0015] the SNP20, the SNP21, the SNP22, the SNP23, the SNP24 and the SNP25 are located at the 629072th base, the 16413990th base, the 160126277th base, the 185399398th base, the 212721112th base and the 225639028th base of the 3rd chromosome of the maize respectively, the 629072th base is T or C, the 16413990th base is T or C, the 160126277th base is T or C, the 185399398th base is T or G, the 212721112th base is A or G, and the 225639028th base is A or C;

[0016] the SNP26, the SNP27, the SNP28, the SNP29, the SNP30 and the SNP31 are located at the 80308919th base, the 165573983th base, the 166840292th base, the 214745547th base, the 216218588th base and the 227982406th base of the 4th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 80308919th base is A or C, the 165573983th base is A or G, the 166840292th base is T or C, the 214745547th base is A or G, the 216218588th base is A or G, and the 227982406th base is A or C;

[0017] the SNP32, the SNP33, the SNP34, the SNP35, the SNP36, the SNP37, the SNP38 and the SNP39 are located at the 2444523th base, the 67326175th base, the 118284375th base, the 174142666th base, the 184890420th base, the 199518834th base, the 221353359th base and the 223581183th base of the 5th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 2444523th base is T or C, the 67326175th base is T or C, the 118284375th base is T or G, the 174142666th base is A or C, the 184890420th base is A or G, the 199518834th base is A or G, the 221353359th base is T or C, and the 223581183th base is T or C;

[0018] The SNP40, the SNP41 and the SNP42 are respectively located at the base 94243988, the base 159543194 and the base 163565455 of the 6th chromosome of the maize, the base 94243988 is T or C, the base 159543194 is A or G, and the base 163565455 is T or G;

[0019] The SNP43, the SNP44, the SNP45, the SNP46, the SNP47, the SNP48, the SNP49, the SNP50, the SNP51, the SNP52, the SNP53, the SNP54 and the SNP55 are respectively located at the base 9654032, the base 22231435, the base 23766644, the base 30366330, the base 41809741, the base 84902618, the base 103037600, the base 121214812, the base 124925724, the base 159951197, the base 162528814, the base 164524282 and the base 180741651 of the 7th chromosome of the maize, the base 9654032 is T or C, the base 22231435 is T or C, the base 23766644 is A or G, the base 30366330 is T or C, the base 41809741 is T or C, the base 84902618 is T or G, the base 103037600 is A or G, the base 121214812 is T or C, the base 124925724 is A or G, the base 159951197 is T or G, the base 162528814 is A or C, the base 164524282 is T or G, and the base 180741651 is A or G;

[0020] The SNP56, the SNP57, the SNP58, the SNP59 and the SNP60 are respectively located at the base 13775624, the base 80844720, the base 104001857, the base 139410361 and the base 176473798 of the 8th chromosome of the maize, the base 13775624 is A or G, the base 80844720 is A or G, the base 104001857 is T or C, the base 139410361 is A or G, and the base 176473798 is A or G;

[0021] The SNP 61, the SNP 62, the SNP 63 and the SNP 64 are respectively located at the 13707254th base, the 22155950th base, the 23991241th base and the 112271967th base of the 9th chromosome of the corn, the 13707254th base is T or C, the 22155950th base is T or C, the 23991241th base is A or C, and the 112271967th base is A or G;

[0022] The SNP 65, the SNP 66, the SNP 67, the SNP 68 and the SNP 69 are respectively located at the 10705997th base, the 15723458th base, the 122855713th base, the 135749532th base and the 137106570th base of the 10th chromosome of the corn, the 10705997th base is T or C, the 15723458th base is T or C, the 122855713th base is A or T, the 135749532th base is T or C, and the 137106570th base is T or G;

[0023] The chromosomes and positions of the SNP 1 to the SNP 69 are determined based on the B73 genome version 4 of the corn inbred line.

[0024] In the second aspect of the present application, a screening method of the above-mentioned combination of SNP molecular markers significantly related to the corn ear rot resistance is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0025] (1) Field test

[0026] A plurality of corn inbred lines are planted in at least one planting environment, a completely randomized block design is adopted, a plurality of corn plants with normal growth and consistent silking period are selected in each plot, after 10 days of silking, Fusarium graminearum liquid is inoculated, and after the corn matures, the incidence of ear is investigated;

[0027] (2) Phenotype data analysis

[0028] The phenotype data analysis is performed by using R 4.0.2 software, the descriptive statistics is performed by using the describe language in the psych package of the R 4.0.2 software, the variance analysis is performed by using the lmer language in the lme4 package of the R 4.0.2 software, and the estimation of the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is performed by using the lmer language in the lme4 package;

[0029] (3) Genotype analysis

[0030] Filtering low-quality SNP molecular markers with minimum allele frequency less than 5% and deletion rate greater than 20% to obtain high-quality SNP molecular markers by using SNP chip analysis of the maize inbred material;

[0031] (4) Whole genome association analysis

[0032] The "Single_env" method of the compressed variance component mixed model of the 3vmrMLM package of the R 4.0.2 software is used for whole genome association analysis to obtain a significant SNP molecular marker combination related to corn smut resistance.

[0033] Preferably, in the step (1), multiple portions of the maize inbred material are divided into P group, Tangsipingtou group, Lancaster group, BSSS group and Waxy group, the P group includes 99 portions of the maize inbred material, the Tangsipingtou group includes 51 portions of the maize inbred material, the Lancaster group includes 36 portions of the maize inbred material, the BSSS group includes 76 portions of the maize inbred material, and the Waxy group includes 72 portions of the maize inbred material; the number of planting environments is 5; the concentration of the Fusarium graminearum bacterial solution is 1×10 6 After the corn is harvested, the ears are naturally dried, and the incidence of disease is investigated according to the proportion of the diseased area to the ear area, which is divided into 1-7 levels, wherein: level 1: no disease; level 2: the diseased area accounts for 1%-3% of the ear area; level 3: the diseased area accounts for 4%-10% of the ear area; level 4: the diseased area accounts for 11%-25% of the ear area; level 5: the diseased area accounts for 26%-50% of the ear area; level 6: the diseased area accounts for 51%-75% of the ear area; and level 7: the diseased area accounts for 76%-100% of the ear area.

[0034] Preferably, in the step (3), the SNP chip uses Maize 56K SNP Array, and the filtering is performed by using the TASSEL 5.0 software.

[0035] Preferably, in the step (4), the "Single_env" method considers Q+K, sets LOD≥3, and the rest of the parameters are the default values of the 4.0.2 software.

[0036] In the third aspect of the present application, the application of the significant SNP molecular marker combination related to corn smut resistance in constructing a whole genome selection data model for corn smut resistance is provided.

[0037] In the fourth aspect of the present application, a method for constructing a whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance is provided, which is characterized in that a combination of the significant SNP molecular markers for corn ear rot resistance is added as a fixed effect into a whole genome selection data model to construct a whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance.

[0038] Preferably, the whole genome selection data model is a gBLUP random effect model constructed by using the GAPIT package of R 4.0.2 software, and the gBLUP random effect model is: y = 1 n μ + Zu + ε, wherein y represents a phenotype value, μ represents a population mean, 1 n represents a 1x n dimensional vector with elements being 1, u represents a random effect, Z represents an n x m design matrix related to the random effect, n represents the number of individuals, m represents the number of molecular markers, and ε represents a residual effect.

[0039] The whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance is a gBLUP fixed effect model constructed by using the GAPIT package, and the gBLUP fixed effect model is: y = 1 n μ + Zu + Xβ + ε, wherein β represents the fixed effect, X represents a design matrix related to the fixed effect, and the rest is the same as the gBLUP random effect model.

[0040] In the fifth aspect of the present application, a whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance is provided, which is characterized in that it is constructed by using the method for constructing a whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance.

[0041] In the sixth aspect of the present application, the whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance is applied to predict the corn ear rot resistance.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the present application mainly include:

[0043] 1. The corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination of the present application comprises SNP1-SNP69, wherein: SNP1-SNP13 are located on the 1st chromosome of corn, SNP14-SNP19 are located on the 2nd chromosome of corn, SNP20-SNP25 are located on the 3rd chromosome of corn, SNP26-SNP31 are located on the 4th chromosome of corn, SNP32-SNP39 are located on the 5th chromosome of corn, SNP40-SNP42 are located on the 6th chromosome of corn, SNP43-SNP55 are located on the 7th chromosome of corn, SNP56-SNP60 are located on the 8th chromosome of corn, SNP61-SNP64 are located on the 9th chromosome of corn, and SNP65-SNP69 are located on the 10th chromosome of corn, which can be used to construct a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model, thereby significantly improving the prediction accuracy of corn ear rot resistance, and further improving the breeding efficiency, reducing the breeding cost, and being suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0044] 2. The screening method of the corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination of the present application comprises the following steps: (1) field test, planting multiple corn inbred materials in at least one planting environment, adopting a completely randomized block design, inoculating Fusarium graminearum bacterial liquid, and investigating the incidence of ear; (2) phenotype data analysis, using R4.0.2 software; (3) genotype analysis, using SNP chip analysis, and filtering out low-quality SNP molecular markers with a minimum allele frequency less than 5% and a deletion rate greater than 20%; (4) whole genome association analysis, using the "Single_env" method of the compressed variance component mixed model of the 3vmrMLM package of R 4.0.2 software, so that the design is ingenious, the operation is simple, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0045] 3. The application of the corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination in constructing a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model, wherein the constructed corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of corn ear rot resistance, and further improve the breeding efficiency, reduce the breeding cost, and be suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0046] 4. The corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model construction method of the present application is to add the corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination as a fixed effect into the whole genome selection data model to construct a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model, so that the design is ingenious, the operation is simple, the constructed corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of corn ear rot resistance, and further improve the breeding efficiency, reduce the breeding cost, and be suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0047] 5. The corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model of the present application is constructed by the corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model construction method, which can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of corn ear rot resistance, thereby improving the breeding efficiency, reducing the breeding cost, and being suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0048] 6. The application of the corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model of the present application in predicting corn ear rot resistance can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of corn ear rot resistance, thereby improving the breeding efficiency, reducing the breeding cost, and being suitable for large-scale popularization and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 is a comparison schematic diagram of the prediction accuracy of the two corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data models in different planting environments, wherein *** represents significant at the level of P < 0.001. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to improve the prediction accuracy of corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection, the present inventors found through in-depth research that firstly, SNP molecular markers significantly associated with corn ear rot resistance were identified by whole genome association analysis, and then they were added to the corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model as fixed effects, which can significantly improve the prediction accuracy, thereby improving the breeding efficiency, reducing the breeding cost, and on this basis, the present application is completed.

[0051] The present application firstly provides a combination of corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular markers, including SNP1-SNP69, wherein:

[0052] the SNP1, the SNP2, the SNP3, the SNP4, the SNP5, the SNP6, the SNP7, the SNP8, the SNP9, the SNP10, the SNP11, the SNP12 and the SNP13 are located at the 43645851th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 49802535th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 59419876th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 69429811th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 81312482th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 163156463th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 183882633th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 190231452th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 197499264th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 199720627th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 199916785th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 213511580th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize and the 278099674th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, the 43645851th base is A or G, the 49802535th base is A or G, the 59419876th base is T or C, the 69429811th base is T or G, the 81312482th base is A or C, the 163156463th base is A or G, the 183882633th base is T or C, the 190231452th base is T or C, the 197499264th base is A or G, the 199720627th base is A or G, the 199916785th base is A or G, the 213511580th base is T or C, the 278099674th base is A or C;

[0053] the SNP14, the SNP15, the SNP16, the SNP17, the SNP18 and the SNP19 are located at the 6422884th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 10149988th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 40362374th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 200079778th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 206597745th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize and the 239867263th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, the 6422884th base is T or G, the 10149988th base is A or C, the 40362374th base is C or G, the 200079778th base is T or C, the 206597745th base is T or C, the 239867263th base is A or G;

[0054] the SNP20, the SNP21, the SNP22, the SNP23, the SNP24 and the SNP25 are located at the 629072th base, the 16413990th base, the 160126277th base, the 185399398th base, the 212721112th base and the 225639028th base of the 3rd chromosome of the maize respectively, the 629072th base is T or C, the 16413990th base is T or C, the 160126277th base is T or C, the 185399398th base is T or G, the 212721112th base is A or G, and the 225639028th base is A or C;

[0055] the SNP26, the SNP27, the SNP28, the SNP29, the SNP30 and the SNP31 are located at the 80308919th base, the 165573983th base, the 166840292th base, the 214745547th base, the 216218588th base and the 227982406th base of the 4th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 80308919th base is A or C, the 165573983th base is A or G, the 166840292th base is T or C, the 214745547th base is A or G, the 216218588th base is A or G, and the 227982406th base is A or C;

[0056] the SNP32, the SNP33, the SNP34, the SNP35, the SNP36, the SNP37, the SNP38 and the SNP39 are located at the 2444523th base, the 67326175th base, the 118284375th base, the 174142666th base, the 184890420th base, the 199518834th base, the 221353359th base and the 223581183th base of the 5th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 2444523th base is T or C, the 67326175th base is T or C, the 118284375th base is T or G, the 174142666th base is A or C, the 184890420th base is A or G, the 199518834th base is A or G, the 221353359th base is T or C, and the 223581183th base is T or C;

[0057] The SNP40, the SNP41 and the SNP42 are respectively located at the base 94243988, the base 159543194 and the base 163565455 of the 6th chromosome of the maize, the base 94243988 is T or C, the base 159543194 is A or G, and the base 163565455 is T or G;

[0058] The SNP43, the SNP44, the SNP45, the SNP46, the SNP47, the SNP48, the SNP49, the SNP50, the SNP51, the SNP52, the SNP53, the SNP54 and the SNP55 are respectively located at the base 9654032, the base 22231435, the base 23766644, the base 30366330, the base 41809741, the base 84902618, the base 103037600, the base 121214812, the base 124925724, the base 159951197, the base 162528814, the base 164524282 and the base 180741651 of the 7th chromosome of the maize, the base 9654032 is T or C, the base 22231435 is T or C, the base 23766644 is A or G, the base 30366330 is T or C, the base 41809741 is T or C, the base 84902618 is T or G, the base 103037600 is A or G, the base 121214812 is T or C, the base 124925724 is A or G, the base 159951197 is T or G, the base 162528814 is A or C, the base 164524282 is T or G, and the base 180741651 is A or G;

[0059] The SNP56, the SNP57, the SNP58, the SNP59 and the SNP60 are respectively located at the base 13775624, the base 80844720, the base 104001857, the base 139410361 and the base 176473798 of the 8th chromosome of the maize, the base 13775624 is A or G, the base 80844720 is A or G, the base 104001857 is T or C, the base 139410361 is A or G, and the base 176473798 is A or G;

[0060] The SNP 61, the SNP 62, the SNP 63 and the SNP 64 are respectively located at the 13707254th base, the 22155950th base, the 23991241th base and the 112271967th base of the 9th chromosome of the corn, the 13707254th base is T or C, the 22155950th base is T or C, the 23991241th base is A or C, and the 112271967th base is A or G;

[0061] The SNP 65, the SNP 66, the SNP 67, the SNP 68 and the SNP 69 are respectively located at the 10705997th base, the 15723458th base, the 122855713th base, the 135749532th base and the 137106570th base of the 10th chromosome of the corn, the 10705997th base is T or C, the 15723458th base is T or C, the 122855713th base is A or T, the 135749532th base is T or C, and the 137106570th base is T or G;

[0062] The chromosomes and positions of the SNP 1 to the SNP 69 are determined based on the B73 genome version 4 of the corn inbred line.

[0063] The application further provides a screening method of the combination of the SNP molecular markers significantly related to the corn ear rot resistance.

[0064] (1) Field test

[0065] A plurality of corn inbred lines are planted in at least one planting environment, a completely randomized block design is adopted, a plurality of corn plants with normal growth and consistent silking period are selected in each plot, Fusarium graminearum liquid is inoculated after 10 days of silking, and the incidence of ear rot is investigated after the corn matures.

[0066] (2) Phenotype data analysis

[0067] The phenotype data analysis is performed by using R 4.0.2 software, the descriptive statistics is performed by using the describe language in the psych package of the R 4.0.2 software, the variance analysis is performed by using the lmer language in the lme4 package of the R 4.0.2 software, and the estimation of the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is performed by using the lmer language in the lme4 package.

[0068] (3) Genotype analysis

[0069] Filtering out low-quality SNP molecular markers with a minimum allele frequency less than 5% and a deletion rate greater than 20% to obtain high-quality SNP molecular markers;

[0070] (4) Whole genome association analysis

[0071] Performing whole genome association analysis by using the "Single_env" method of the compressed variance component mixed model of the 3vmrMLM package of the R 4.0.2 software to obtain a combination of SNP molecular markers significantly related to corn ear rot resistance.

[0072] In the step (1), the multiple corn inbred materials can be any suitable corn inbred materials, the number of planting environments and the concentration of the Fusarium graminearum bacterial solution can be determined as required, and the investigation of the ear disease condition can specifically include any suitable step. Preferably, in the step (1), the multiple corn inbred materials are divided into P group, Tangsipingtou group, Lancaster group, BSSS group and Waxy group. The P group includes 99 corn inbred materials, the Tangsipingtou group includes 51 corn inbred materials, the Lancaster group includes 36 corn inbred materials, the BSSS group includes 76 corn inbred materials, and the Waxy group includes 72 corn inbred materials; the number of planting environments is 5; the concentration of the Fusarium graminearum bacterial solution is 1×10 6 spores / mL; and the investigation of the ear disease condition specifically involves drying the corn after harvesting, and dividing the corn into grades 1-7 according to the proportion of the diseased area to the ear area, wherein: grade 1: no disease; grade 2: the diseased area accounts for 1%-3% of the ear area; grade 3: the diseased area accounts for 4%-10% of the ear area; grade 4: the diseased area accounts for 11%-25% of the ear area; grade 5: the diseased area accounts for 26%-50% of the ear area; grade 6: the diseased area accounts for 51%-75% of the ear area; and grade 7: the diseased area accounts for 76%-100% of the ear area.

[0073] In the step (3), the SNP chip can use any suitable SNP chip, and the filtering can use any suitable software. Preferably, in the step (3), the SNP chip uses Maize 56K SNP Array, and the filtering is performed by using the TASSEL 5.0 software.

[0074] ​In the step (4), the "Single_env" method can adopt any suitable conditional parameters, preferably, in the step (4), the "Single_env" method considers Q+K, sets LOD >= 3, and the rest of the parameters are the default values of the 4.0.2 software.

[0075] The application also provides an application of the combination of the SNP molecular markers significantly related to the corn ear rot resistance in constructing a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model.

[0076] The application also provides a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model construction method, which is to add the combination of the SNP molecular markers significantly related to the corn ear rot resistance as a fixed effect into a whole genome selection data model to construct a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model.

[0077] The whole genome selection data model and the corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model can be any suitable data model, preferably, the whole genome selection data model is a gBLUP random effect model constructed by using a GAPIT package of R 4.0.2 software, and the gBLUP random effect model is y=1 n μ+Zu+ε, wherein y represents a phenotype value, μ represents a population mean, 1 n represents a 1*n dimensional vector with elements being 1, u represents a random effect, Z represents an n*m design matrix related to the random effect, n represents the number of individuals, m represents the number of molecular markers, and ε represents a residual effect; the corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model is a gBLUP fixed effect model constructed by using the GAPIT package, and the gBLUP fixed effect model is y=1 n μ+Zu+Xβ+ε, wherein β represents the fixed effect, X represents a design matrix related to the fixed effect, and the rest is the same as the gBLUP random effect model.

[0078] The application also provides a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model constructed by using the corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model construction method.

[0079] The application also provides an application of the corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model in predicting corn ear rot resistance.

[0080] The application will be further described in connection with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the application and not used to limit the scope of the application. The experimental methods in the following examples, if not specified, are generally carried out according to the conventional conditions, such as the conditions described in J. Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Third Edition, Science Press, 2002, or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] 1. Materials and Methods

[0083] 1.1 Test materials and field design

[0084] The test materials included 334 maize inbred lines provided by Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences (and Jiangsu Province High-quality Maize Engineering Center), which were divided into P group, Tangsipingtou group, Lancaster group, BSSS group and Waxy group. The P group included 99 maize inbred lines, which were divided into PA group and PB group, and were mainly used as female parents in commercial breeding in China. The Tangsipingtou group included 51 maize inbred lines, which were mainly used as male parents in commercial breeding in China. The BSSS group included 76 maize inbred lines, which were mainly used as female parents in commercial breeding in the United States. The Lancaster group included 36 maize inbred lines, which were mainly used as male parents in commercial breeding in the United States. The Waxy group included 72 maize inbred lines, which were mainly waxy maize inbred lines.

[0085] The field tests were carried out in Sanya, Nantong and Xinxiang (referred to as 20SY, 20NT and 20XX, respectively) in 2020 and in Sanya and Nantong (referred to as 21SY and 21NT, respectively) in 2021, a total of 5 environments. A completely randomized block design was used, with 2 replications, single row plots, row length 5.0 m, row spacing 60 cm, 20 plants per row, and planting density 67,500 plants / hm 2 .

[0086] 1.2 Field inoculation and disease resistance identification

[0087] After 10 days of corn silk, first make a wound on the middle and lower parts of the first corn ear with a awl, pierce 1-2 corns, and do not pierce the ear axis, then inject 200 μl of Fusarium graminearum liquid (1×10 6 spores / mL) into each wound with a continuous syringe, and spray water to keep moist.

[0088] After the corn matures, harvest and dry naturally, according to the proportion of the disease area to the ear area, it is divided into 1-7 levels, 1 level: no disease; 2 level: the disease area accounts for 1% to 3% of the ear area; 3 level: the disease area accounts for 4% to 10% of the ear area; 4 level: the disease area accounts for 11% to 25% of the ear area; 5 level: the disease area accounts for 26% to 50% of the ear area; 6 level: the disease area accounts for 51% to 75% of the ear area; 7 level: the disease area accounts for 76% to 100% of the ear area.

[0089] 1.3 Phenotype data analysis

[0090] The phenotype data analysis was completed by R 4.0.2 software (https: / / www.r-project.org / ), the descriptive statistics was analyzed by the psych package describe language of R 4.0.2 software, the variance analysis was calculated by the lmer language of the lme4 package of R 4.0.2 software, the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was estimated by the lmer language of the lme4 package of R 4.0.2 software, and the whole genome association analysis and whole genome selection were used. The general heritability H 2 (%) = σ 2 g / (σ 2 g + σ 2 e / r) x 100% (single planting environment) and σ 2 g / (σ 2 g + σ 2 ge / n + σ 2 e / nr) x 100% (multi-planting environment). Wherein σ 2 g is the genotype variance, σ 2 ge is the genotype and environment interaction variance, σ 2 e is the error variance, n is the number of planting environments, and r is the number of repetitions.

[0091] 1.4 Genotype analysis

[0092] The ZYTOGEN® marker (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd. was developed by Maize56KSNPArray analysis was performed on the genotypes of 334 maize inbred lines. Using TASSEL 5.0 software developed by the Buckler Lab at Cornell University, SNP molecular markers with a minimum allele frequency of less than 5% and a deletion rate of more than 20% were filtered out, resulting in 32,853 high-quality SNP molecular markers for subsequent analysis.

[0093] 1.5 Genome-wide association analysis

[0094] The "Single_env" method of the compressed variance component mixture model using the 3vmrMLM package in R 4.0.2 software was adopted, considering Q+K; LOD ≥ 3 was set, and the remaining parameters were the software default values.

[0095] 1.6 Genome-wide selection

[0096] Two gBLUP models were constructed using the GAPIT package in R 4.0.2 software: a random effects model and a fixed effects model that uses the SNP molecular markers as fixed effects. The gBLUP random effects model is as follows:

[0097] y = 1 n μ + Zu + ε (Model 1), where y represents the phenotypic value, μ represents the population mean, and 1 n Let y = 1, where u is a 1×n dimensional vector with elements equal to 1, Z is an n×m design matrix associated with the random effect, n is the number of individuals, m is the number of molecular markers, and ε is the residual effect; the gBLUP fixed effects model is: y = 1 n μ+Zu+Xβ+ε (Model 2), where β represents the fixed effect, X represents the design matrix related to the fixed effect, and the rest is the same as Model 1.

[0098] Prediction accuracy was estimated using 5-fold cross-validation, where 80% of the data was used as the training data and the remaining 20% ​​as the test data, repeated 100 times. Prediction accuracy was defined as the Pearson correlation coefficient between the predicted and actual values.

[0099] 2 Results and Analysis

[0100] 2.1 Results of Phenotypic Analysis of Maize Ear Rot Resistance

[0101] In the association population, the disease index of 334 maize inbred lines showed continuous variation in the group, and the skewness and kurtosis were between-1 and 1, which showed the characteristics of quantitative traits (Table 1). There were significant differences in disease index among different inbred lines, showing rich genetic variation (Table 2). The correlation of disease index between different environments was significant, but the correlation coefficient was low (0.22-0.43), and there was significant interaction between genotype and environment. The variance among different environments was also significant, indicating that the resistance of maize ear rot was easily affected by the environment (Table 2). From the perspective of broad-sense heritability, the difference in broad-sense heritability among environments was large, with the highest being 80.73% (20SY) and the lowest being 65.09% (21NT), indicating that the additive variance of genes was the main factor of phenotypic variation (Table 2).

[0102] Table 1 Statistical analysis of maize ear rot resistance phenotype

[0103] Environment Mean Standard deviation Minimum Maximum Skewness Kurtosis 20SY 5.07 1.38 1.00 7.00 -0.79 -0.43 20NT 4.38 1.17 1.00 7.00 -0.39 0.44 20XX 3.62 1.25 1.00 7.00 -0.01 0.60 21SY 4.82 1.19 1.00 7.00 -0.50 -0.33 21NT 3.49 0.92 1.00 7.00 0.62 0.60 BLUP 4.27 0.57 2.95 6.06 0.06 0.41

[0104] Table 2 Variance analysis and broad-sense heritability of maize ear rot resistance

[0105]

[0106] Note: ** indicates significant at P<0.01 level.

[0107] 2.2 Results of whole genome association analysis

[0108] At the level of LOD≥3.0, a total of 69 SNP molecular markers significantly associated with maize ear rot resistance were detected, distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize, which could individually explain between 1.62% and 7.04% of the phenotypic variation. However, these SNP molecular markers showed obvious environment specificity, and none of them could be detected in at least two environments (Table 3). Among them, 14 SNPs were detected in the 20SY environment, 13 SNPs in the 20NT environment, 7 SNPs in the 20XX environment, 12 SNPs in the 21SY environment, 10 SNPs in the 21NT environment, and 13 SNPs were detected using BLUP value.

[0109] Table 3 69 SNP markers significantly associated with maize ear rot resistance

[0110]

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Note: Chromosome and position are based on the maize inbred B73 genome v4 version

[0114] (https: / / www.maizegdb.org / gbrowse / maize_v4)

[0115] The sequence of the first 100bp and the last 100bp of each position can be referred to the corresponding segment of the maize inbred B73 genome v4 version.

[0116] 2.3 Whole genome selection results

[0117] Using 32853 SNP molecular markers obtained by genotype analysis and model 1, the prediction accuracy in 20SY, 20NT, 20XX, 21SY, 21NT and BLUP is 0.35±0.10, 0.51±0.08, 0.29±0.11, 0.34±0.09, 0.29±0.10 and 0.52±0.09, respectively; 69 SNP molecular markers significantly associated with corn smut resistance identified by whole genome association analysis are added to model 1 as fixed effects to obtain model 2, and the prediction accuracy is 0.60±0.07, 0.67±0.06, 0.50±0.09, 0.54±0.08, 0.41±0.10 and 0.75±0.05, respectively (see Figure 1 Therefore, in the whole genome selection breeding of corn smut resistance, using the 69 SNP molecular markers significantly associated with corn smut resistance as fixed effects can significantly improve the prediction accuracy.

[0118] Therefore, the present application discloses a SNP molecular marker combination significantly associated with corn smut, a screening method thereof, and its application in a whole genome selection data model for corn smut resistance, etc. By using whole genome association analysis to identify SNP molecular marker combinations significantly associated with corn smut resistance, and adding the detected SNP molecular marker combinations as fixed effects to the gBLUP random effect model, a gBLUP fixed effect model is obtained, which can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of whole genome selection. The present application is helpful for genetic improvement of corn smut resistance, significantly improves breeding efficiency, reduces breeding cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0119] In summary, the SNP molecular marker combination of the present application significantly associated with corn smut resistance can be used to construct a whole genome selection data model for corn smut resistance, thereby significantly improving the prediction accuracy of corn smut resistance, and further improving breeding efficiency, reducing breeding cost, and being suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

[0120] It can be seen that the object of the present application has been completely and effectively realized. The function and structure principle of the present application have been shown and explained in the embodiments, and the embodiments can be modified arbitrarily without departing from the principle. Therefore, the present application includes all modified embodiments based on the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. Use of a combination of SNP molecular markers significantly related to corn ear rot resistance in constructing a whole genome selection data model for corn ear rot resistance, the combination of SNP molecular markers significantly related to corn ear rot resistance comprising SNP1-SNP69, wherein: the SNP1, the SNP2, the SNP3, the SNP4, the SNP5, the SNP6, the SNP7, the SNP8, the SNP9, the SNP10, the SNP11, the SNP12 and the SNP13 are located at the 43645851th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 49802535th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 59419876th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 69429811th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 81312482th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 163156463th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 183882633th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 190231452th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 197499264th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 199720627th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 199916785th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, the 213511580th base of the 1st chromosome of corn and the 278099674th base of the 1st chromosome of corn, and the 43645851th base is A or G, the 49802535th base is A or G, the 59419876th base is T or C, the 69429811th base is T or G, the 81312482th base is A or C, the 163156463th base is A or G, the 183882633th base is T or C, the 190231452th base is T or C, the 197499264th base is A or G, the 199720627th base is A or G, the 199916785th base is A or G, the 213511580th base is T or C, and the 278099674th base is A or C; the SNP14, the SNP15, the SNP16, the SNP17, the SNP18 and the SNP19 are located at the 6422884th base of the 2nd chromosome of corn, the 10149988th base of the 2nd chromosome of corn, the 40362374th base of the 2nd chromosome of corn, the 200079778th base of the 2nd chromosome of corn, the 206597745th base of the 2nd chromosome of corn and the 239867263th base of the 2nd chromosome of corn, and the 6422884th base is T or G, the 10149988th base is A or C, the 40362374th base is C or G, the 200079778th base is T or C, the 206597745th base is T or C, and the 239867263th base is A or G.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the SNP1-SNP69 are detected by using a detection reagent for detecting the SNP1-SNP69.

3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the SNP1-SNP69 are detected by using a detection reagent for detecting the SNP1-SNP69. the SNP20, the SNP21, the SNP22, the SNP23, the SNP24 and the SNP25 are located at the 629072th base, the 16413990th base, the 160126277th base, the 185399398th base, the 212721112th base and the 225639028th base of the 3rd chromosome of the maize respectively, the 629072th base is T or C, the 16413990th base is T or C, the 160126277th base is T or C, the 185399398th base is T or G, the 212721112th base is A or G, and the 225639028th base is A or C; the SNP26, the SNP27, the SNP28, the SNP29, the SNP30 and the SNP31 are located at the 80308919th base, the 165573983th base, the 166840292th base, the 214745547th base, the 216218588th base and the 227982406th base of the 4th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 80308919th base is A or C, the 165573983th base is A or G, the 166840292th base is T or C, the 214745547th base is A or G, the 216218588th base is A or G, and the 227982406th base is A or C; the SNP32, the SNP33, the SNP34, the SNP35, the SNP36, the SNP37, the SNP38 and the SNP39 are located at the 2444523th base, the 67326175th base, the 118284375th base, the 174142666th base, the 184890420th base, the 199518834th base, the 221353359th base and the 223581183th base of the 5th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 2444523th base is T or C, the 67326175th base is T or C, the 118284375th base is T or G, the 174142666th base is A or C, the 184890420th base is A or G, the 199518834th base is A or G, the 221353359th base is T or C, and the 223581183th base is T or C; the SNP40, the SNP41 and the SNP42 are located at the 94243988th base of the 6th chromosome, the 159543194th base of the 6th chromosome and the 163565455th base of the 6th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 94243988th base is T or C, the 159543194th base is A or G, and the 163565455th base is T or G; the SNP43, the SNP44, the SNP45, the SNP46, the SNP47, the SNP48, the SNP49, the SNP50, the SNP51, the SNP52, the SNP53, the SNP54 and the SNP55 are located at the 9654032th base of the 7th chromosome, the 22231435th base of the 7th chromosome, the 23766644th base of the 7th chromosome, the 30366330th base of the 7th chromosome, the 41809741th base of the 7th chromosome, the 84902618th base of the 7th chromosome, the 103037600th base of the 7th chromosome, the 121214812th base of the 7th chromosome, the 124925724th base of the 7th chromosome, the 159951197th base of the 7th chromosome, the 162528814th base of the 7th chromosome, the 164524282th base of the 7th chromosome and the 180741651th base of the 7th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 9654032th base is T or C, the 22231435th base is T or C, the 23766644th base is A or G, the 30366330th base is T or C, the 41809741th base is T or C, the 84902618th base is T or G, the 103037600th base is A or G, the 121214812th base is T or C, the 124925724th base is A or G, the 159951197th base is T or G, the 162528814th base is A or C, the 164524282th base is T or G, and the 180741651th base is A or G; the SNP56, the SNP57, the SNP58, the SNP59 and the SNP60 are located at the 13775624th base of the 8th chromosome, the 80844720th base of the 8th chromosome, the 104001857th base of the 8th chromosome, the 139410361th base of the 8th chromosome and the 176473798th base of the 8th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 13775624th base is A or G, the 80844720th base is A or G, the 104001857th base is T or C, the 139410361th base is A or G, and the 176473798th base is A or G; the SNP61, the SNP62, the SNP63 and the SNP64 are located at the 13707254th base, the 22155950th base, the 23991241st base and the 112271967th base of the 9th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 13707254th base is T or C, the 22155950th base is T or C, the 23991241st base is A or C, and the 112271967th base is A or G; the SNP65, the SNP66, the SNP67, the SNP68 and the SNP69 are located at the 10705997th base, the 15723458th base, the 122855713th base, the 135749532th base and the 137106570th base of the 10th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 10705997th base is T or C, the 15723458th base is T or C, the 122855713th base is A or T, the 135749532th base is T or C, and the 137106570th base is T or G; the chromosomes and the positions of the SNP1 to the SNP69 are determined based on the version 4 of the maize inbred line B73 genome; the corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination is added into the whole genome selection data model as a fixed effect to construct a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model; The genome-wide selection data model is a gBLUP random-effects model constructed using the GAPIT package in R 4.0.2 software. The gBLUP random-effects model is as follows: in Indicates phenotypic value, This represents the population mean. Indicates an element that is 1 dimensional vector, Indicates random effects, Indicates association with random effects The design matrix Indicates the number of individuals. Indicates the number of molecular markers. Indicates residual effect; The whole genome selection data model for resistance to Goss' Wilt is a gBLUP fixed effects model constructed using the GAPIT package, which is: where represents the fixed effects, represents the design matrix associated with the fixed effects, and the rest is the same as the gBLUP random effects model.

2. A method for constructing a whole genome selection data model for resistance to corn ear rot, characterized by, the corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination is added into the whole genome selection data model as a fixed effect to construct a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model, and the corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination comprises the SNP1 to the SNP69, wherein: the corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination is added into the whole genome selection data model as a fixed effect to construct a corn ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model, and the corn ear rot resistance significantly related SNP molecular marker combination comprises the SNP1 to the SNP69, wherein: the SNP1, the SNP2, the SNP3, the SNP4, the SNP5, the SNP6, the SNP7, the SNP8, the SNP9, the SNP10, the SNP11, the SNP12 and the SNP13 are located at the 43645851th base of the 1st chromosome, the 49802535th base of the 1st chromosome, the 59419876th base of the 1st chromosome, the 69429811th base of the 1st chromosome, the 81312482th base of the 1st chromosome, the 163156463th base of the 1st chromosome, the 183882633th base of the 1st chromosome, the 190231452th base of the 1st chromosome, the 197499264th base of the 1st chromosome, the 199720627th base of the 1st chromosome, the 199916785th base of the 1st chromosome, the 213511580th base of the 1st chromosome and the 278099674th base of the 1st chromosome of the maize, respectively, and the 43645851th base is A or G, the 49802535th base is A or G, the 59419876th base is T or C, the 69429811th base is T or G, the 81312482th base is A or C, the 163156463th base is A or G, the 183882633th base is T or C, the 190231452th base is T or C, the 197499264th base is A or G, the 199720627th base is A or G, the 199916785th base is A or G, the 213511580th base is T or C, the 278099674th base is A or C; the SNP14, the SNP15, the SNP16, the SNP17, the SNP18 and the SNP19 are located at the 6422884th base of the 2nd chromosome, the 10149988th base of the 2nd chromosome, the 40362374th base of the 2nd chromosome, the 200079778th base of the 2nd chromosome, the 206597745th base of the 2nd chromosome and the 239867263th base of the 2nd chromosome of the maize, respectively, and the 6422884th base is T or G, the 10149988th base is A or C, the 40362374th base is C or G, the 200079778th base is T or C, the 206597745th base is T or C, the 239867263th base is A or G; the SNP20, the SNP21, the SNP22, the SNP23, the SNP24 and the SNP25 are located at the 629072th base, the 16413990th base, the 160126277th base, the 185399398th base, the 212721112th base and the 225639028th base of the 3rd chromosome of the maize respectively, the 629072th base is T or C, the 16413990th base is T or C, the 160126277th base is T or C, the 185399398th base is T or G, the 212721112th base is A or G, and the 225639028th base is A or C; the SNP26, the SNP27, the SNP28, the SNP29, the SNP30 and the SNP31 are located at the 80308919th base, the 165573983th base, the 166840292th base, the 214745547th base, the 216218588th base and the 227982406th base of the 4th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 80308919th base is A or C, the 165573983th base is A or G, the 166840292th base is T or C, the 214745547th base is A or G, the 216218588th base is A or G, and the 227982406th base is A or C; the SNP32, the SNP33, the SNP34, the SNP35, the SNP36, the SNP37, the SNP38 and the SNP39 are located at the 2444523th base, the 67326175th base, the 118284375th base, the 174142666th base, the 184890420th base, the 199518834th base, the 221353359th base and the 223581183th base of the 5th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 2444523th base is T or C, the 67326175th base is T or C, the 118284375th base is T or G, the 174142666th base is A or C, the 184890420th base is A or G, the 199518834th base is A or G, the 221353359th base is T or C, and the 223581183th base is T or C; the SNP40, the SNP41 and the SNP42 are located at the 94243988th base of the 6th chromosome, the 159543194th base of the 6th chromosome and the 163565455th base of the 6th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 94243988th base is T or C, the 159543194th base is A or G, and the 163565455th base is T or G; the SNP43, the SNP44, the SNP45, the SNP46, the SNP47, the SNP48, the SNP49, the SNP50, the SNP51, the SNP52, the SNP53, the SNP54 and the SNP55 are located at the 9654032th base of the 7th chromosome, the 22231435th base of the 7th chromosome, the 23766644th base of the 7th chromosome, the 30366330th base of the 7th chromosome, the 41809741th base of the 7th chromosome, the 84902618th base of the 7th chromosome, the 103037600th base of the 7th chromosome, the 121214812th base of the 7th chromosome, the 124925724th base of the 7th chromosome, the 159951197th base of the 7th chromosome, the 162528814th base of the 7th chromosome, the 164524282th base of the 7th chromosome and the 180741651th base of the 7th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 9654032th base is T or C, the 22231435th base is T or C, the 23766644th base is A or G, the 30366330th base is T or C, the 41809741th base is T or C, the 84902618th base is T or G, the 103037600th base is A or G, the 121214812th base is T or C, the 124925724th base is A or G, the 159951197th base is T or G, the 162528814th base is A or C, the 164524282th base is T or G, and the 180741651th base is A or G; the SNP56, the SNP57, the SNP58, the SNP59 and the SNP60 are located at the 13775624th base of the 8th chromosome, the 80844720th base of the 8th chromosome, the 104001857th base of the 8th chromosome, the 139410361th base of the 8th chromosome and the 176473798th base of the 8th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 13775624th base is A or G, the 80844720th base is A or G, the 104001857th base is T or C, the 139410361th base is A or G, and the 176473798th base is A or G; the SNP61, the SNP62, the SNP63 and the SNP64 are located at the 13707254th base, the 22155950th base, the 23991241st base and the 112271967th base of the 9th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 13707254th base is T or C, the 22155950th base is T or C, the 23991241st base is A or C, and the 112271967th base is A or G; the SNP65, the SNP66, the SNP67, the SNP68 and the SNP69 are located at the 10705997th base, the 15723458th base, the 122855713th base, the 135749532th base and the 137106570th base of the 10th chromosome of the maize respectively, the 10705997th base is T or C, the 15723458th base is T or C, the 122855713th base is A or T, the 135749532th base is T or C, and the 137106570th base is T or G; the chromosomes and the positions of the SNP1 to the SNP69 are all determined based on the version 4 of the maize inbred line B73 genome; The genome-wide selection data model is a gBLUP random-effects model constructed using the GAPIT package in R 4.0.2 software. The gBLUP random-effects model is as follows: in Indicates phenotypic value, This represents the population mean. Indicates an element that is 1 dimensional vector, Indicates random effects, Indicates association with random effects The design matrix Indicates the number of individuals. Indicates the number of molecular markers. Indicates residual effect; The whole genome selection data model for resistance to Goss' Wilt is a gBLUP fixed effects model constructed using the GAPIT package, which is: where represents the fixed effects, represents the design matrix associated with the fixed effects, and the rest is the same as the gBLUP random effects model.

3. A whole genome selection data model for resistance to corn ear rot, characterized in that, the method is used for constructing the maize ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model.

4. The use of the maize ear rot resistance whole genome selection data model of claim 3 in predicting the maize ear rot resistance.

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