Differential pressure membrane electrode and electrolytic cell structure

Abstract

The application discloses a differential pressure type membrane electrode and an electrolytic cell structure. The differential pressure type membrane electrode comprises a shell and a proton exchange membrane. The proton exchange membrane is wound to form a spiral structure. The first side surface and the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane are respectively enclosed to form a first flow channel and a second flow channel. Water flows into the first flow channel to generate hydrogen, and water flows into the second flow channel to generate oxygen. A pressure difference is formed between the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The proton exchange membrane is wound so that the first flow channel and the second flow channel are both spiral structures. During the flow of water in the first flow channel and the second flow channel, the pressure is distributed in a radial gradient. The pressure in the radial direction is offset, thereby reducing the permeation amount of hydrogen from the first flow channel to the first flow channel, improving safety, prolonging the service life and reducing the cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water electrolysis, in particular to a differential pressure type membrane electrode and electrolyzer structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand for low-carbon emission reduction, green hydrogen production technology has attracted widespread attention. The main role of hydrogen energy in the process of energy transformation is to realize large-scale and efficient renewable energy consumption, to redistribute energy among different industries and regions, to serve as an energy buffer to improve the resilience of the energy system, to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation process, to replace coke in the metallurgical industry, and to reduce carbon emissions in building heating.

[0003] PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) water electrolysis technology has developed rapidly in recent years. PEM water electrolysis technology for hydrogen production has high operating current density, low energy consumption, and high hydrogen production pressure, and is suitable for the volatility characteristics of renewable energy generation and easy combination with renewable energy, which is a suitable solution for water electrolysis hydrogen production. The PEM water electrolyzer uses PEM as the electrolyte and pure water as the reactant. In addition, the hydrogen permeability of PEM is relatively low, and the purity of the generated hydrogen is high, only water vapor needs to be removed. The electrolyzer adopts a zero-gap structure, the ohmic resistance is low, the overall efficiency of the electrolysis process is significantly improved, and the volume is more compact. The pressure regulation range is large, and the hydrogen output pressure can reach several megapascals, which is suitable for rapidly changing renewable energy power input.

[0004] Regarding the service life of the PEM water electrolysis device, it is found through research that the shedding of the catalyst and the membrane, the change of the water flow, the corrosion of the water supply pipeline, etc. can cause the ohmic resistance to increase, and the membrane electrode structure will be destroyed, which will cause the ohmic resistance to increase, and the membrane electrode structure will be destroyed, which will induce gas leakage on both sides and cause the purity of hydrogen to decrease. Temperature / pressure changes, current density and power load cycles also affect the component degradation rate.

[0005] High-pressure PEM hydrogen production technology is divided into two types: pressure equalization and differential pressure. The hydrogen side of the differential pressure hydrogen production works in a high-pressure state, and the oxygen side works in a normal-pressure state. In the process of differential pressure hydrogen production, the high pressure difference directly acts on the proton exchange membrane, and the hydrogen permeation under high pressure difference is one of the key problems. In addition to reducing efficiency, high hydrogen content in the anode oxygen will cause safety problems. In addition, permeation will cause the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the fuel cell to decrease, further affecting the service life. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects of high hydrogen permeability, short equipment life and high cost of the differential pressure type PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production in the prior art under high pressure, so as to provide a differential pressure type membrane electrode and electrolyzer structure.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0008] A differential pressure type membrane electrode comprises a shell and a proton exchange membrane; the proton exchange membrane is installed in the shell, and the proton exchange membrane is wound from inside to outside along the same direction on both sides of the middle line in the width direction to form a spiral structure, a first side surface of the proton exchange membrane encloses a first flow channel, a second side surface of the proton exchange membrane encloses a second flow channel, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are arranged alternately, water flows into the first flow channel to generate hydrogen by electrolysis, and water flows into the second flow channel to produce oxygen.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the longitudinal section of the wound proton exchange membrane is in an Archimedean spiral structure.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the longitudinal section of the wound proton exchange membrane is in a Fermat spiral structure.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the proton exchange membrane is symmetrical about the middle line in the width direction, at least one side of the first side surface is provided with a plurality of first flow guide columns, and at least one side of the second side surface is provided with a plurality of second flow guide columns.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first flow guide columns and the second flow guide columns are uniformly arranged and distributed.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, first and second connecting flanges are further arranged on both sides of the shell, first and second pole tabs are arranged on both sides of the proton exchange membrane along the length direction, the first connecting flange is provided with a first clamping groove connected with the first pole tab, the second connecting flange is provided with a second clamping groove connected with the second pole tab, and the first and second connecting flanges seal the proton exchange membrane in the shell.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first and second clamping grooves are spiral clamping grooves, and the spiral properties of the first and second clamping grooves are consistent with the spiral properties of the proton exchange membrane.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, first and second material openings are arranged on the first or second connecting flange, and third and fourth material openings are arranged on the shell, the first material opening is in communication with the third material opening through the first flow channel, and the second material opening is in communication with the fourth material opening through the second flow channel.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane is provided with a Pt-based catalytic layer.

[0017] The application also provides an electrolytic cell structure equipped with the differential pressure type membrane electrode.

[0018] The application has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. The differential pressure type membrane electrode provided by the application is formed by winding a proton exchange membrane into a spiral structure, and a first side surface and a second side surface of the proton exchange membrane enclose a first flow channel and a second flow channel, respectively, and water flows into the first flow channel and the second flow channel, and the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane is coated with different functional layers to electrolyze the water flow in the first flow channel and the second flow channel, so that hydrogen is generated in the first flow channel and oxygen is generated in the second flow channel, and a pressure difference is formed between the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The proton exchange membrane is wound to form the first flow channel and the second flow channel into a spiral structure, and the water flow pressure is distributed in a radial gradient during the water flow in the first flow channel and the second flow channel, so that the pressure in the radial direction is offset, thereby reducing the permeation amount of hydrogen from the first flow channel to the first flow channel, improving safety, prolonging service life, and reducing cost.

[0020] 2. The differential pressure type membrane electrode provided by the application is formed by winding a proton exchange membrane, reducing the shear force of the water flow, improving the utilization rate of the area of the proton exchange membrane, thereby improving the electrolysis rate and reducing the cost.

[0021] 3. The differential pressure type membrane electrode provided by the application is wound into an Archimedean spiral or a Fermat spiral, and the parameters of the diameter of the first flow channel and the diameter of the second flow channel are described by mathematical formula, which facilitates the simulation process and facilitates the optimization and adjustment of parameters to provide digital production and improve the convenience of use.

[0022] 4. The differential pressure type membrane electrode provided by the application is provided with a first flow guide column and a second flow guide column on the first side surface and the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane, and the water flow is controlled by controlling the number and distribution mode of the first flow guide column and the second flow guide column, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the pressure difference and increasing the stability of the overall structure.

[0023] 5. The differential pressure type membrane electrode provided by the application is provided with a first connecting flange and a second connecting flange on both sides of the shell to seal both sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the first connecting flange is provided with a first clamping groove and the second connecting flange is provided with a second clamping groove, both of which are spiral clamping grooves, and the first tab and the second tab on the proton exchange membrane are installed in the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove, respectively, to effectively increase the sealing performance and mechanical properties of the entire membrane electrode and reduce the leakage of the liquid in the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The service life of the membrane electrode is increased.

[0024] 6. The differential pressure type membrane electrode provided by the present application, wherein the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane is provided with a Pt-based catalytic layer, so that hydrogen gas permeating from the first side surface to the second side surface is subjected to oxidation reaction, thereby reducing the hydrogen content in oxygen gas and prolonging the service life.

[0025] 7. The electrolytic cell structure provided by the present application, which is equipped with the differential pressure type membrane electrode described above, can improve the electrolysis efficiency, prolong the service life and reduce the cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the specific embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 Structure schematic diagram of the differential pressure type membrane electrode after being wound in some embodiments of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 Structure schematic diagram of the differential pressure type membrane electrode when being unwound in some embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 Connection schematic diagram of the first lug and the first connection flange in some embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 Distribution schematic diagram of the first flow guide column and the second flow guide column in some embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 Membrane electrode schematic diagram in an Archimedes spiral structure in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 Membrane electrode schematic diagram in a Fermat spiral structure in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 Design distribution schematic diagram of the feed inlet and the discharge outlet of the differential pressure type membrane electrode in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 Design distribution schematic diagram of the feed inlet and the discharge outlet of the differential pressure type membrane electrode in the second embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Label explanation: 1, shell; 2, proton exchange membrane; 3, first overflow channel; 4, second overflow channel; 5, first connecting flange; 11, third material port; 12, fourth material port; 21, first pole lug; 22, second pole lug; 23, first flow guide column; 24, second flow guide column; 31, first material port; 41, second material port; 51, first clamping groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the arrow indicates the direction of the width direction, and the direction perpendicular to the arrow is the length direction.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the present application provides a differential pressure type membrane electrode, comprising: a shell 1 and a proton exchange membrane 2; the proton exchange membrane 2 is installed in the shell 1, the proton exchange membrane 2 is wound from inside to outside along the same direction around the middle line in the width direction as the axis to form a spiral structure, the first side surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 encloses to form a first flow channel 3, the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 encloses to form a second flow channel 4, the first flow channel 3 and the second flow channel 4 are arranged alternately, water flows into the first flow channel 3 to generate hydrogen by electrolysis, and water flows into the second flow channel 4 to produce oxygen.

[0042] Specifically, the first side surface and the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 are coated with functional layers respectively, and the functional layer coated on the first side surface and the functional layer coated on the second side surface are different in polarity, in some embodiments of the present application, the first side surface is coated with a cathode functional layer, and the second side surface is coated with an anode functional layer. After the proton exchange membrane 2 is wound to form a spiral structure along the middle line in the width direction as the axis, the first side surface encloses to form a first flow channel 3, and the second side surface encloses to form a second flow channel 4, at this time, water flows in the first flow channel 3 to produce hydrogen by electrolysis, and water flows in the second flow channel 4 to produce oxygen by electrolysis, the amount of gas produced on both sides of the first flow channel 3 and the second flow channel 4 is different, thereby generating a pressure difference. However, since the proton exchange membrane 2 is wound, the first flow channel 3 and the second flow channel 4 are both spiral structures, and during the flow of water in the first flow channel 3 and the second flow channel 4, the water pressure is distributed in a gradient in the radial direction, thereby canceling out the pressure in the radial direction, thereby reducing the permeation amount of hydrogen from the first flow channel 3 to the first flow channel 3, improving safety, prolonging service life, and reducing cost.

[0043] It can be understood that the proton exchange membrane 2 is equilateral and symmetric on both sides with the middle line in the width direction as the axis, so that the proton exchange membrane 2 can be fully used during winding, waste is avoided, the shear force of water flow is reduced by winding the proton exchange membrane 2, the utilization rate of the area of the proton exchange membrane 2 is improved, thereby improving the electrolysis rate and reducing the cost.

[0044] Referring to Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, the longitudinal section of the proton exchange membrane 2 wound is an Archimedean spiral structure.

[0045] Referring to Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, the longitudinal section of the proton exchange membrane 2 wound is a Fermat spiral structure.

[0046] First embodiment:

[0047] Referring to Figure 5As shown, the Archimedes spiral is an equidistant spiral, and the spiral can be equidistantly expanded outward in each rotation period, and the polar coordinate equation of the Archimedes spiral is: r = a ± bθ, in the first embodiment of the present application, a proton exchange membrane 2 with a width of 150 mm is selected, and 10 mm of the functional layer for coating is reserved on both sides in the length direction as an electrode tab, the Archimedes spiral is used in the form, the center of the width direction is used as the axis, and the left and right sides of the axis are wrapped in the same direction from the inside to the outside, the pitch is selected to be 2.5 mm, and the spiral is wrapped around three times, according to the polar coordinate equation r = a ± bθ; in the equation, a is the distance between the starting coordinate and the center of the coordinate axis, and b is the distance between the spirals. A is 0 mm, b is 5 mm, and θ is (0, 6π), according to the Archimedes spiral property calculation, the length of the proton exchange membrane 2 is 1804.56 mm, and the maximum diameter is 60π mm, that is, 188.50 mm.

[0048] Second embodiment:

[0049] Referring to Figure 6 As shown, the Fermat spiral is an equiangular spiral, and the polar coordinate equation of the Fermat spiral is: r = ±aθ^(1 / 2); in the equation, a is the distance between the starting coordinate and the center of the coordinate axis, and θ is the polar angle. In the second embodiment of the present application, a proton exchange membrane 2 with a width of 200 mm is selected, and 10 mm of the functional layer for coating is reserved on both sides in the length direction as an electrode tab, the Fermat spiral is used in the form, and the spiral is wrapped for four periods, that is, θ is (0, 8π), a is 20 mm, according to the Fermat spiral property calculation, the length of the required proton exchange membrane 2 is 3366.29 mm, and the maximum diameter is 100.25 mm. In the second embodiment of the present application, 3 MPa of hydrogen gas can be synthesized.

[0050] It can be understood that the width and length of the proton exchange membrane 2 selected are related to the form of the winding, and the specific parameters can be determined according to the specific implementation. By winding the proton exchange membrane 2 in the form of the Archimedes spiral or the Fermat spiral, the water flow parameter can be calculated through the property of the spiral, through the control of the given pressure, and through the mathematical formula, the electrolysis process is simulated, the pressure parameter and the flow parameter are optimized and adjusted, and digital production is provided, and the use convenience is improved.

[0051] Referring to Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, the proton exchange membrane 2 takes the center line in the width direction as the symmetry axis, at least one side of the first side surface is provided with a plurality of first flow guide columns 23, and at least one side of the second side surface is provided with a plurality of second flow guide columns 24.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, the first flow guide column 23 and the second flow guide column 24 are uniformly arranged and distributed.

[0053] Specifically, the flow guide columns are arranged on the first side surface and the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane 2, and the flow rate of the water flow is controlled by controlling the number and distribution of the first flow guide columns 23 and the second flow guide columns 24, so as to reduce the pressure difference and increase the stability of the overall structure.

[0054] It can be understood that the number and distribution of the first flow guide columns 23 and the second flow guide columns 24 are not limited by the present application, and the number of the first flow guide columns 23 and the second flow guide columns 24 is determined according to specific parameters as required. In some embodiments of the present application, the first flow guide columns 23 and the second flow guide columns 24 are arranged uniformly, which aims to improve the stability of the proton exchange membrane 2 after winding.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, the first connecting flange 5 and the second connecting flange are arranged on the two sides of the shell 1, the first tab 21 and the second tab 22 are arranged on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane 2 along the length direction, the first connecting flange 5 is provided with a first clamping groove 51 connected with the first tab 21, and the second connecting flange is provided with a second clamping groove connected with the second tab 22, so as to seal the proton exchange membrane 2 in the shell 1.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present application, the first clamping groove 51 and the second clamping groove are both spiral clamping grooves, and the spiral property of the first clamping groove 51 and the second clamping groove is consistent with the spiral property of the proton exchange membrane 2.

[0057] Specifically, the first connecting flange 5 and the second connecting flange are arranged on the two sides of the shell 1 to seal the two sides of the proton exchange membrane 2, the first clamping groove 51 of the first connecting flange 5 and the second clamping groove of the second connecting flange are both spiral clamping grooves, and the first tab 21 and the second tab 22 on the proton exchange membrane 2 are respectively installed in the first clamping groove 51 and the second clamping groove, so as to effectively increase the sealing performance and mechanical performance of the entire membrane electrode and reduce the leakage of the water flow in the first flow channel 3 and the second flow channel 4, thereby increasing the service life of the membrane electrode.

[0058] Referring to Figure 3 It should be noted that before winding the proton exchange membrane 2, the first tab 21 and the second tab 22 on the two sides are folded to facilitate the insertion of the first tab 21 and the second tab 22 into the first clamping groove 51 and the second clamping groove, respectively. The first clamping groove 51 and the second clamping groove are both spiral clamping grooves, so as to facilitate the sealing connection of the first tab 21 and the second tab 22 on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane 2 with the first clamping groove 51 and the second clamping groove after winding, thereby reducing the side leakage of the proton exchange membrane 2.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first connecting flange 5 or the second connecting flange is provided with a first material port 31 and a second material port 41, and the housing 1 is provided with a third material port 11 and a fourth material port 12. The first material port 31 is connected to the third material port 11 through the first flow channel 3, and the second material port 41 is connected to the fourth material port 12 through the second flow channel 4.

[0060] In the first embodiment, referring to Figure 7 As shown, the proton exchange membrane 2 is wound in the form of an Archimedean spiral. The first inlet 31 and the second inlet 41 are the feed inlets. Water flows into the first flow channel 3 through the first inlet 31 and into the second flow channel 4 through the second inlet 41. The third inlet 11 and the fourth inlet 12 on the shell 1 are the outlets. After electrolysis in the first flow channel 3, the water flows out through the third inlet 11, and after electrolysis in the second flow channel 4, it flows out through the fourth inlet 12. The water flows from the inner coil to the outer coil of the spiral.

[0061] In the second embodiment, refer to Figure 8 As shown, the proton exchange membrane 2 is wound in the form of a Fermat spiral. The third inlet 11 and the fourth inlet 12 on the shell 1 are the feed inlets, and the first inlet 31 and the second inlet 41 are the discharge outlets. Water enters the first flow channel 3 through the third inlet 11, undergoes electrolysis within the first flow channel 3, and then flows out through the first inlet 31. Water enters the second flow channel 4 through the fourth inlet 12, undergoes electrolysis within the second flow channel 4, and then flows out through the second inlet 41. At this time, the water flow direction is from the outer coil to the inner coil of the spiral.

[0062] It should be noted that the direction of water flow is not a limitation of this invention, and its specific direction can be determined according to the implementation environment. The first feed port 31 and the second feed port 41 can be set on the first connecting flange 5 or the second connecting flange, or the first feed port 31 can be set on the first connecting flange 5 and the second feed port 41 can be set on the second connecting flange.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, a Pt-based catalytic layer is added to the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane 2.

[0064] It is understandable that a Pt-based catalytic layer is added to the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane 2, which causes the hydrogen gas that permeates from the first side surface to the second side surface to undergo an oxidation reaction, thereby reducing the hydrogen content in the oxygen and extending its service life.

[0065] The present invention also provides an electrolytic cell structure equipped with the above-mentioned differential pressure membrane electrode.

[0066] After the electrolytic cell structure is equipped with the aforementioned differential pressure membrane electrode, the electrolysis efficiency can be improved, the service life can be extended, and the cost can be reduced.

[0067] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art. Here, it is not necessary and also impossible to enumerate all the embodiments. The obvious changes or variations derived from the above description are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A differential pressure membrane electrode characterized by, It comprises: a shell (1); a proton exchange membrane (2) installed in the shell (1), which is wound in the same direction from inside to outside along the left and right sides with the middle line in the width direction as the axis to form a spiral structure, the first side surface of the proton exchange membrane (2) encloses to form a first flow channel (3), the second side surface of the proton exchange membrane (2) encloses to form a second flow channel (4), the first flow channel (3) and the second flow channel (4) are arranged alternately, water flows into the first flow channel (3) to electrolytically generate hydrogen, and water flows into the second flow channel (4) to produce oxygen; The proton exchange membrane (2) has the middle line in the width direction as the axis of symmetry, at least one side of the first side surface is provided with a plurality of first flow guide columns (23), and at least one side of the second side surface is provided with a plurality of second flow guide columns (24).

2. The differential pressure membrane electrode of claim 1, wherein, The longitudinal section of the proton exchange membrane (2) wound in an Archimedean spiral structure.

3. The differential pressure membrane electrode of claim 1, wherein, The longitudinal section of the proton exchange membrane (2) wound in a Fermat spiral structure.

4. The differential pressure membrane electrode of claim 1, wherein, The first flow guide column (23) and the second flow guide column (24) are uniformly arranged and distributed.

5. The differential pressure membrane electrode of claim 1, wherein, It also comprises a first connecting flange (5) and a second connecting flange provided on both sides of the shell (1), the proton exchange membrane (2) is provided with a first tab (21) and a second tab (22) on both sides along the length direction, the first connecting flange (5) is provided with a first clamping groove (51) connected with the first tab (21), and the second connecting flange is provided with a second clamping groove connected with the second tab (22), the first connecting flange (5) and the second connecting flange seal the proton exchange membrane (2) in the shell (1).

6. The differential pressure membrane electrode of claim 5, wherein, The first clamping groove (51) and the second clamping groove are both spiral clamping grooves, and the spiral properties of the first clamping groove (51) and the second clamping groove are consistent with the spiral properties of the proton exchange membrane (2).

7. The differential pressure membrane electrode of claim 6, wherein, The first connecting flange (5) or the second connecting flange is provided with a first material port (31) and a second material port (41), the shell (1) is provided with a third material port (11) and a fourth material port (12), the first material port (31) communicates with the third material port (11) through the first flow channel (3), and the second material port communicates with the fourth material port (12) through the second flow channel (4).

8. The differential pressure membrane electrode of claim 1, wherein, The second side surface of the proton exchange membrane (2) is provided with a Pt-based catalytic layer.

9. An electrolytic cell structure, characterized by It is equipped with the differential pressure type membrane electrode of any one of claims 1-8.

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