Tunneling apparatus

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a tunneling device, comprising: a first shield body (2) for supporting a first diameter tunnel; a variable diameter cutterhead assembly (1) rotatably arranged on a front side of the first shield body (2), capable of forming a first cutterhead mode for tunneling the first diameter tunnel and a second cutterhead mode for tunneling a second diameter tunnel (T2); a shoe mechanism arranged on the first shield body (2) for supporting the first shield body (2) when the variable diameter cutterhead assembly (1) is in the second cutterhead mode for tunnel expansion construction; wherein the diameter of the first diameter tunnel is smaller than the diameter of the second diameter tunnel (T2).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular, to a tunneling equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, station excavation generally adopts mine manual / mechanical excavation (open excavation / underground excavation), in which process, large ground resources (roads / facilities) are occupied, and normal urban traffic is affected. Meanwhile, station excavation generally cannot be continuously performed with shield method construction of main line tunnel excavation, which to some extent, restricts project construction process and affects construction efficiency.

[0003] Some related technologies propose a thought of performing station construction by using a variable-diameter tunnel boring machine. However, there is a lack of a mature variable-diameter tunnel boring machine, and there are defects such as complex structure and narrow application range. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a tunneling equipment, which can improve tunnel construction process.

[0005] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a tunneling equipment is provided, comprising:

[0006] a first shield body for supporting a first diameter tunnel;

[0007] a variable-diameter cutterhead assembly rotatably arranged at a front side of the first shield body, capable of forming a first cutterhead mode for tunneling the first diameter tunnel and a second cutterhead mode for tunneling a second diameter tunnel;

[0008] a support shoe mechanism arranged on the first shield body, for supporting the first shield body when the variable-diameter cutterhead assembly performs tunnel expansion construction in the second cutterhead mode;

[0009] wherein a diameter of the first diameter tunnel is smaller than a diameter of the second diameter tunnel.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first shield body comprises a first front shield, a first middle shield and a first tail shield connected in sequence, and the support shoe mechanism comprises a front shield support shoe mechanism arranged on the first front shield for supporting the first front shield when the variable-diameter cutterhead assembly performs tunnel expansion construction in the second cutterhead mode.

[0011] In some embodiments, the front shield support shoe mechanism comprises:

[0012] a first fixed seat fixedly connected with the first front shield;

[0013] a first telescopic piece slidably connected with the first fixed seat;

[0014] The first arc-shaped support shoe is hinged to the lower end of the first telescopic member, and is used to slideably abut against the lower side surface of the second diameter tunnel when the first telescopic member extends relative to the first fixed seat.

[0015] In some embodiments, the front shield support shoe mechanism comprises two groups of the first fixed seat, two groups of the first telescopic member, two groups of the first arc-shaped support shoe and a first support crossbeam. The two groups of the first fixed seat are respectively located on the left and right sides of the axis of the first front shield. The two groups of the first telescopic member are respectively slidably connected with the two groups of the first fixed seat. The two groups of the first arc-shaped support shoe are respectively hinged to the lower end of the two groups of the first telescopic member. The two ends of the first support crossbeam are respectively detachably connected with the two groups of the first arc-shaped support shoe.

[0016] In some embodiments, the support shoe mechanism further comprises a middle shield support shoe mechanism arranged on the first middle shield, and used to support the first middle shield when the variable diameter cutter head assembly is in the second cutter head mode for tunnel diameter expansion.

[0017] In some embodiments, the middle shield support shoe mechanism comprises:

[0018] A second fixed seat fixedly connected with the first middle shield;

[0019] A second telescopic member slidably connected with the second fixed seat;

[0020] A second arc-shaped support shoe hinged to the lower end of the second telescopic member, and used to slideably abut against the lower side surface of the second diameter tunnel when the second telescopic member extends relative to the second fixed seat.

[0021] In some embodiments, the middle shield support shoe mechanism comprises two groups of the second fixed seat, two groups of the second telescopic member, two groups of the second arc-shaped support shoe and a second support crossbeam. The two groups of the second fixed seat are respectively located on the left and right sides of the axis of the second middle shield. The two groups of the second telescopic member are respectively slidably connected with the two groups of the second fixed seat. The two groups of the second arc-shaped support shoe are respectively hinged to the lower end of the two groups of the second telescopic member. The two ends of the second support crossbeam are respectively detachably connected with the two groups of the second arc-shaped support shoe.

[0022] In some embodiments, the tunneling equipment further comprises:

[0023] A second shield body for supporting a second diameter tunnel,

[0024] Wherein, the second shield body can be sleeved on the outer periphery of the first shield body or separated from the first shield body.

[0025] In some embodiments, the second shield body is formed by splicing a plurality of shield body blocks.

[0026] In some embodiments, the tunneling apparatus further comprises:

[0027] A segment erector arranged inside the first shield body for erecting segments in the first diameter tunnel or the second diameter tunnel, and erecting the plurality of shield blocks.

[0028] In some embodiments, the second shield body comprises a front shield ring structure, a middle shield ring structure and a tail shield ring structure connected in sequence; and the plurality of shield blocks comprises a plurality of front shield blocks for assembling the front shield ring structure, a plurality of middle shield blocks for assembling the middle shield ring structure and a plurality of tail shield blocks for assembling the tail shield ring structure.

[0029] In some embodiments, the variable diameter cutterhead assembly comprises:

[0030] A cutterhead body;

[0031] A plurality of fixed beams fixedly connected with the cutterhead body or integrally formed with the cutterhead body;

[0032] A plurality of telescopic beams slidably arranged on the cutterhead body;

[0033] A telescopic driving mechanism arranged between the cutterhead body and the telescopic beams for driving the telescopic beams to extend or retract radially relative to the cutterhead body;

[0034] Cutters mounted on the plurality of fixed beams and the plurality of telescopic beams.

[0035] In some embodiments, the plurality of telescopic beams are retracted into the cutterhead body when the variable diameter cutterhead assembly is in a first cutterhead configuration, and extend outward in a circumferential direction of the cutterhead body when the variable diameter cutterhead assembly is in a second cutterhead configuration, wherein part of the cutters mounted on the telescopic beams can extend synchronously with the telescopic beams.

[0036] In some embodiments, the variable diameter cutterhead assembly further comprises:

[0037] A cutterhead ring rib fixedly connected with the extended part of the plurality of telescopic beams when the variable diameter cutterhead assembly is in the second cutterhead configuration.

[0038] In some embodiments, the variable diameter cutterhead assembly further comprises:

[0039] A replaceable tear cutter arranged at a radially outer end of the plurality of telescopic beams.

[0040] In some embodiments, the variable diameter cutterhead assembly further comprises:

[0041] The cutter head slag scraping plate is arranged on one side of the telescopic beam adjacent to the first shield body and is fixedly connected with the telescopic beam, and is used for realizing one-way or two-way rotation scraping of slag along with rotation of the cutter head body.

[0042] In some embodiments, the tunneling device further comprises:

[0043] The slag receiving plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the front end of the first shield body, and is used for receiving the muck scraped out from the bottom of the muck chamber by the cutter head slag scraping plate.

[0044] The muck conveying mechanism is arranged in the first shield body, and is used for conveying the muck in the slag receiving plate outward.

[0045] In some embodiments, the tunneling device further comprises:

[0046] The bottom slag blocking plate is arranged on the lower side of the bottom of the front end of the first shield body.

[0047] Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, during the tunnel variable-diameter construction process, the variable-diameter of the variable-diameter cutter head assembly is used to realize in-situ excavation, and the tunneling is performed based on the larger-diameter cutter head form. In order to stabilize the first shield body with a smaller diameter, the support shoe mechanism arranged on the first shield body is used to support the first shield body in the larger-diameter tunnel, so as to effectively control the posture of the tunneling device and meet the continuous tunneling construction requirement of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0049] The present disclosure can be more clearly understood and appreciated from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0050] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of some embodiments of the tunneling device of the present disclosure when tunneling a first diameter tunnel;

[0051] Figure 2 is a M-direction view of Figure 1 ;

[0052] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the variable-diameter cutter head assembly of some embodiments of the tunneling device of the present disclosure when expanding the diameter;

[0053] Figure 4 is a N-direction view of Figure 3 ;

[0054] Figure 5 is a structural schematic view of some embodiments of the tunneling device of the present disclosure when tunneling a second diameter tunnel;

[0055] Figure 6 is a P view of Figure 5

[0056] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of AA in Figure 3

[0057] Figure 8 is an enlarged view of E in Figure 3

[0058] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of BB in Figure 3

[0059] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of CC in Figure 3

[0060] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of DD in Figure 5

[0061] It should be understood that the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not necessarily to scale. Also, like reference numerals are used to indicate like parts throughout the specification.

[0062] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0063] 1 - variable diameter cutterhead assembly; 10 - cutterhead body; 11 - telescopic beam; 12 - fixed beam; 13 - replaceable ripper; 14 - telescopic oil cylinder; 15 - cutterhead ring rib; 16 - cutter; 2 - first shield body; 21 - first front shield; 22 - first middle shield; 221 - H-beam; 23 - first tail shield; 31 - main drive mechanism; 32 - pushing oil cylinder; 33 - segment assembling machine; 34 - screw conveyor; 4 - second shield body; 41 - front shield whole ring structure; 42 - middle shield whole ring structure; 43 - tail shield whole ring structure; 51 - front shield support shoe mechanism; 511 - first fixed seat; 512 - first telescopic part; 513 - first arc-shaped support shoe; 514 - first support cross beam; 52 - middle shield support shoe mechanism; 521 - second fixed seat; 522 - second telescopic part; 523 - second arc-shaped support shoe; 524 - second support cross beam; 61 - cutterhead slag scraping plate; 62 - bottom slag blocking plate; 63 - slag receiving plate; 70 - segment; EC - earth chamber; T2 - second diameter tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] ​​​​​​Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application or uses. The disclosure can be implemented in numerous different forms, not just the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the relative arrangement of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments, the components of the compositions, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments are to be interpreted as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0065] The terms "first", "second", and similar terms used in the present disclosure do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are used to distinguish different parts. The terms "include", "comprise", and similar terms mean that the elements before the term encompass the elements listed after the term, and do not exclude the possibility of also encompassing other elements. "Up", "down", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute positions of the described objects are changed, the relative positional relationships can also be changed accordingly.

[0066] In the present disclosure, when it is described that a certain device is located between a first device and a second device, there can be an intervening device between the certain device and the first device or the second device, or there can be no intervening device. When it is described that a certain device is connected to other devices, the certain device can be directly connected to the other devices without an intervening device, or can not be directly connected to the other devices with an intervening device.

[0067] All terms used in the present disclosure, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meanings as those understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless specifically so defined herein.

[0068] Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered as part of the specification, where appropriate.

[0069] In order to improve the tunnel construction process, reference is made to Figures 1 to 11The tunneling equipment provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure comprises a first shield body 2, a variable-diameter cutterhead assembly 1 and a supporting shoe mechanism. The first shield body 2 is used for supporting a first diameter tunnel. The variable-diameter cutterhead assembly 1 is rotatably arranged on the front side of the first shield body 2 and can form a first cutterhead mode for tunneling the first diameter tunnel and a second cutterhead mode for tunneling a second diameter tunnel T2. The supporting shoe mechanism is arranged on the first shield body 2 and is used for supporting the first shield body 2 when the variable-diameter cutterhead assembly 1 is in the second cutterhead mode for tunneling. The diameter of the first diameter tunnel is smaller than the diameter of the second diameter tunnel T2.

[0070] When the tunneling equipment is tunneling by the variable-diameter cutterhead assembly 1 in the second cutterhead mode and the first shield body 2, a large excavation gap is formed between the first shield body 2 of a small diameter and the large diameter profile bottom excavated by the variable-diameter cutterhead assembly 1, which is not easy to control the posture of the tunneling equipment and is difficult to effectively and continuously construct and tunnel. The embodiments of the present disclosure adopt a shield body structure adaptive expansion technology, that is, the supporting shoe mechanism is arranged on the first shield body 2, and in the large-size expansion tunneling process, the supporting shoe mechanism is slidably abutted against the lower side surface of the tunnel by gradually extending, so as to meet the expansion construction requirement of the large cutterhead + small shield body.

[0071] In Figure 1 , the tunneling equipment can further comprise a main driving mechanism 31, a pushing oil cylinder 32, a segment assembling machine 33 and a screw conveyor 34. The main driving mechanism 31 is located on the rear side of the variable-diameter cutterhead assembly 1 and is located in the first shield body 2, and can drive the variable-diameter cutterhead assembly 1 to rotate, so as to realize the cutting of the working surface on the front side of the variable-diameter cutterhead assembly 1, thereby making the tunneling equipment tunnel forward.

[0072] The pushing oil cylinder 32 can be arranged on the first shield body 2 and is pushed forward based on the reaction force provided by the laid segment. The segment assembling machine 33 is arranged on the inner side of the first shield body 2 and is used for assembling segments 70 in the first diameter tunnel or the second diameter tunnel T2. The segment assembling machine 33 can also be used for assembling shield blocks. The screw conveyor 34 can be arranged in the first shield body 2 as a muck conveying mechanism and is used for conveying muck in the muck chamber EC outward.

[0073] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3In some embodiments, the first shield body 2 comprises a first front shield 21, a first middle shield 22 and a first tail shield 23 connected in sequence, the support shoe mechanism comprises a front shield support shoe mechanism 51 arranged on the first front shield 21 for supporting the first front shield 21 when the variable-diameter cutter head assembly 1 is used for tunneling construction in the second cutter head mode. The front shield support shoe mechanism 51 not only reduces the workload of arranging support blocks under the first front shield 21 and improves work efficiency, but also provides more stable support for the main weight of the first front shield 21 in the tunneling equipment.

[0074] Reference Figure 9 In some embodiments, the front shield support shoe mechanism 51 comprises a first fixed seat 511, a first telescopic member 512 and a first arc-shaped support shoe 513. The first fixed seat 511 is fixedly connected with the first front shield 21. The first telescopic member 512 is slidably connected with the first fixed seat 511. The first arc-shaped support shoe 513 is hingedly connected with the lower end of the first telescopic member 512, and is used for being slidably abutted against the lower side surface of the second-diameter tunnel T2 when the first telescopic member 512 is extended relative to the first fixed seat 511.

[0075] The front shield support shoe mechanism 51 can be arranged at a position between the main driving mechanism 31 and the outer ring of the first shield body 2, and the first fixed seat 511 can be fixedly connected with the main driving mechanism 31. The first telescopic member 512 can be arranged in the form of a telescopic sleeve and realize telescopic action through a telescopic oil cylinder. The first arc-shaped support shoe 513 is hingedly connected with the lower end of the first telescopic member 512, and can realize precise fitting according to the arc-shaped contour of the tunnel.

[0076] In Figure 9 In some embodiments shown, the front shield support shoe mechanism 51 can comprise two groups of the first fixed seat 511, two groups of the first telescopic member 512, two groups of the first arc-shaped support shoe 513 and a first support cross beam 514. The two groups of the first fixed seat 511 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the axis of the first front shield 21, the two groups of the first telescopic member 512 are respectively slidably connected with the two groups of the first fixed seat 511, the two groups of the first arc-shaped support shoe 513 are respectively hingedly connected with the lower ends of the two groups of the first telescopic member 512, and the two ends of the first support cross beam 514 are respectively detachably connected with the two groups of the first arc-shaped support shoe 513.

[0077] Here, each group of the first fixed seat 511, the first telescopic member 512 or the first arc-shaped support shoe 513 can comprise one or more. After the two groups of the first telescopic member 512 are completely extended, the left and right groups of the first arc-shaped support shoe 513 are connected through the first support cross beam 514, which can ensure the overall strength and rigidity of each first arc-shaped support shoe 513.

[0078] ReferenceFigure 1 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the support shoe mechanism further comprises a middle shield support shoe mechanism 52 arranged on the first middle shield 22 for supporting the first middle shield 22 when the variable-diameter cutter head assembly 1 is in the second cutter head mode for tunneling diameter expansion. The middle shield support shoe mechanism 52 not only reduces the workload of arranging support blocks on the lower side of the first middle shield 22, but also provides more stable support for the main weight of the first middle shield 22 in the tunneling equipment.

[0079] Referring to Figure 10 In some embodiments, the middle shield support shoe mechanism 52 comprises a second fixed seat 521, a second telescopic member 522, and a second arc-shaped support shoe 523. The second fixed seat 521 is fixedly connected with the first middle shield 22. The second telescopic member 522 is slidably connected with the second fixed seat 521. The second arc-shaped support shoe 523 is hingedly connected with the lower end of the second telescopic member 522, and is arranged to slidably abut against the lower side surface of the second diameter tunnel T2 when the second telescopic member 522 extends relative to the second fixed seat 521.

[0080] Here, each group of the second fixed seat 521, the second telescopic member 522, or the second arc-shaped support shoe 523 can include one or more. The second fixed seat 521 can be fixedly connected with the chevron beam 221 of the first middle shield 22, and the second telescopic member 522 can be arranged in the form of a telescopic sleeve to realize telescopic action through a telescopic oil cylinder. The second arc-shaped support shoe 523 is hingedly connected with the lower end of the second telescopic member 522, and can realize precise fitting according to the arc-shaped contour of the tunnel.

[0081] In Figure 10 some embodiments shown, the middle shield support shoe mechanism 52 can include two groups of the second fixed seat 521, two groups of the second telescopic member 522, two groups of the second arc-shaped support shoe 523, and a second support cross beam 524. The two groups of the second fixed seat 521 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the axis of the second middle shield, the two groups of the second telescopic member 522 are respectively slidably connected with the two groups of the second fixed seat 521, the two groups of the second arc-shaped support shoe 523 are respectively hingedly connected with the lower ends of the two groups of the second telescopic member 522, and the two ends of the second support cross beam 524 are respectively detachably connected with the two groups of the second arc-shaped support shoe 523.

[0082] After the two groups of the first telescopic member 512 are completely extended, the left and right groups of the first arc-shaped support shoe 513 are connected through the first support cross beam 514, which can ensure the overall strength and rigidity of the plurality of second arc-shaped support shoes 523.

[0083] Referring to Figure 5In some embodiments, the tunneling apparatus further comprises a second shield 4. The second shield 4 is used for supporting a second diameter tunnel T2, and the second shield 4 can be sleeved on the outer periphery of the first shield 2 or separated from the first shield 2.

[0084] The first shield 2 and the second shield 4 can be connected by circumferential fasteners and circumferential sealing, and the second shield 4 can include a main structure and a propulsion system. The propulsion system in the second shield 4 can be another set of propulsion oil cylinders independent of the propulsion oil cylinders 32 installed in the first shield 2, or the propulsion oil cylinders 32 installed in the second shield 4 after being detached from the first shield 2.

[0085] In order to facilitate the installation of the second shield 4 in a smaller operation space, a plurality of shield sub-blocks can be used to form a plurality of groups of segmented ring-shaped housings, such as a front shield whole ring structure 41, a middle shield whole ring structure 42, and a tail shield whole ring structure 43.

[0086] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 11 As shown in the segment erector 33, during the formation of the second shield 4, the shield sub-blocks included in the front shield whole ring structure 41, the middle shield whole ring structure 42, and the tail shield whole ring structure 43 are transported by a marshalling train from outside the shaft to the vicinity of an area that can be grabbed by the segment erector 33. The segment erector 33 can use a convenient tool to sequentially assemble a plurality of front shield sub-blocks, a plurality of middle shield sub-blocks, and a plurality of tail shield sub-blocks into the front shield whole ring structure 41, the middle shield whole ring structure 42, and the tail shield whole ring structure 43, respectively. The above whole ring structures are sequentially sleeved and connected with the first shield 2 to form the second shield 4. In this way, the main drive mechanism 31, the segment erector 33, the screw conveyor 34, and the rear matching mechanism and other systems do not need to be modified to meet the construction requirements of the two tunneling modes corresponding to the first shield 2 and the second shield 4.

[0087] Specifically, in some embodiments, the second shield 4 is formed by assembling a plurality of shield sub-blocks. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the tunneling apparatus further comprises a segment erector 33. The segment erector 33 is arranged inside the first shield 2 and is used for assembling segments 70 in the first diameter tunnel or the second diameter tunnel T2, and assembling the plurality of shield sub-blocks.

[0088] The plurality of shield sub-blocks used to assemble the second shield 4 can be set in multiple specifications according to the design size of the second shield 4, so as to meet the support requirements of tunnels with different diameters. The segment erector 33 can realize an adaptive shield sub-block assembly function. For the second shield 4 with different diameter requirements, the segment erector 33 can complete the assembly process of the second shield 4 by assembling shield sub-blocks of corresponding specifications.

[0089] For the second shield body 4 including the front shield whole ring structure 41, the middle shield whole ring structure 42 and the tail shield whole ring structure 43 connected in sequence, the plurality of shield body blocks can include a plurality of front shield blocks for splicing the front shield whole ring structure 41, a plurality of middle shield blocks for assembling the middle shield whole ring structure 42 and a plurality of tail shield blocks for assembling the tail shield whole ring structure 43.

[0090] In order to realize the purpose of free large-size expansion of the variable-diameter cutter head assembly 1 during tunneling, the large-size variable-diameter expansion excavation technology of the cutter head can be adopted in the embodiments of the present disclosure, that is, a part of the beam of the cutter head body 10 has a telescopic function, the telescopic beam 11 is telescoped, a cutter 16 is added in the reserved empty cutter box, and various combined technical means are used to meet the needs of complex stratum construction and tunneling.

[0091] In addition, a plurality of replaceable tearing knives 13 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the variable-diameter cutter head, in the composite stratum, the cutter head body 10 is driven to rotate by the main driving mechanism 31, the telescopic beam 11 is continuously expanded in place in the radial direction by the telescopic oil cylinder 14 (for example, a telescopic oil cylinder) during rotation, and the replaceable tearing knife 13 is used to realize the in-place expansion excavation and rock breaking variable-diameter construction requirements. In this way, the small-diameter tunnel (i.e., the first diameter tunnel) is excavated by using the small-size cutter head (i.e., the first cutter head form), and the large-diameter tunnel (i.e., the second diameter tunnel T2) is excavated by using the large-size cutter head after expansion (i.e., the second cutter head form). The cutter head can quickly adjust the excavation stroke and is easy to operate.

[0092] Specifically, referring to Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 , in some embodiments, the variable-diameter cutter head assembly 1 includes a cutter head body 10, a plurality of fixed beams 12, a plurality of telescopic beams 11, a telescopic oil cylinder 14 and a cutter 16. The cutter head body 10 can be connected with the main driving mechanism 31 and driven to rotate by the main driving mechanism 31.

[0093] The plurality of fixed beams 12 are fixedly connected with or integrally formed with the cutter head body 10. The plurality of telescopic beams 11 are slidably arranged on the cutter head body 10. The telescopic beams can be arranged between the two groups of fixed beams or radially outside the fixed beams. The telescopic oil cylinder 14 is arranged between the cutter head body 10 and the telescopic beam 11 and used to drive the telescopic beam 11 to extend or retract radially relative to the cutter head body 10. The cutter 16 is installed on the plurality of fixed beams 12 and the plurality of telescopic beams 11.

[0094] In some embodiments, the plurality of telescopic beams 11 are retracted within the cutter body 10 when the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 is in the first cutter configuration, and are extended outward in the circumferential direction of the cutter body 10 when the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 is in the second cutter configuration, wherein the partial cutters 16 mounted on the telescopic beams 11 can be synchronously extended with the telescopic beams 11.

[0095] Referring to Figure 6 In some embodiments, the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 further comprises a cutter ring rib 15. The cutter ring rib 15 is fixedly connected to the extended portions of the plurality of telescopic beams 11 when the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 is in the second cutter configuration. The cutter ring rib 15 can support the extended portions of the telescopic beams 11 and improve the stress on the cutters 16 mounted on the extended portions.

[0096] Referring to Figure 4 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 further comprises a replaceable ripping cutter 13 arranged at the radially outer ends of the plurality of telescopic beams 11. The replaceable ripping cutter 13 can be mounted at the radially outer ends of the telescopic beams 11, and can continuously knock and pry the rocks, pebbles, and the like in the soil to break them when the diameter is expanded, so as to more smoothly realize the expansion process.

[0097] In the above embodiments, the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 in the second cutter configuration can be arranged to have different overall diameters of the cutter according to the extension lengths of the telescopic beams 11 relative to the circumferential outer edge of the cutter body 10.

[0098] Correspondingly, the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 with different overall diameters of the cutter can be used to excavate second-diameter tunnels T2 with different diameters. For example, the telescopic beams 11 of the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 can be first extended to the maximum distance to form a cutter with a diameter of 12 meters, and after the shield body installation space with a diameter of 12 meters is excavated, the telescopic beams 11 can be retracted by a certain distance to form a cutter with a diameter of 10 meters, and the tunnel excavation with a diameter of 10 meters can be continued.

[0099] In particular, referring to Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the variable-diameter cutter assembly 1 further comprises a cutter slag scraping plate 61. The cutter slag scraping plate 61 is arranged at one side of the telescopic beams 11 adjacent to the first shield body 2 and is fixedly connected with the telescopic beams 11, and is used to realize one-way or two-way rotary slag scraping with the rotation of the cutter body 10.

[0100] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8In some embodiments, the tunneling device further comprises a slag receiving plate 63 and a slag conveying mechanism. The slag receiving plate 63 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the front end of the first shield 2, i.e., the bottom of the first front shield 21, for receiving the slag scraped out of the bottom of the muck pile by the cutterhead scraping plate 61. The slag conveying mechanism (e.g., a screw conveyor 34) is arranged in the first shield 2 for conveying the slag in the slag receiving plate 63 outward.

[0101] With reference to Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the tunneling device further comprises a bottom slag blocking plate 62 arranged at the lower side of the bottom of the front end of the first shield 2.

[0102] In order to realize efficient slag discharge through the large gap at the bottom of the shield, a plurality of groups of cutterhead scraping plates 61 are fixedly connected (e.g., welded) behind the telescopic beam 11 by using the principle of TBM slag scraping, so as to realize the bidirectional scraping requirement through the bidirectional rotation of the cutterhead. The slag receiving plate 63 is arranged at the bottom of the front end of the first shield 2, and the bottom slag blocking plate 62 is arranged at the lower side of the bottom of the front end of the first shield 2. With the tunneling of the tunneling device, the bottom slag blocking plate 62 can block the slag in the muck pile EC from entering the bottom of the first shield 2. The cutterhead scraping plate 61 scrapes the slag at the bottom of the muck pile into the slag receiving plate 63. The front end of the slag conveying mechanism, e.g., the screw conveyor 34, can be deep into the bottom of the slag receiving plate 63, so as to convey the slag in the slag receiving plate 63 out. This efficient slag discharge technology can effectively prevent the excavated slag from falling into the large gap at the bottom of the shield, thereby solving the construction problem of difficult slag removal. The slag receiving plate 63 can be reformed and welded by the cutout ring arranged on the first shield 2.

[0103] Through the above embodiments of the present disclosure, the automatic large-size expansion and excavation of the tunnel inside can be realized, and the station construction mechanized excavation technology and similar complex environment urban underground space various types of underground construction projects can be realized. Without adding additional hoisting work wells, underground work rooms and other auxiliary measures required in the diameter conversion process, the flexible automatic expansion and excavation requirement of the tunneling device from small diameter to large diameter can be realized. The tunneling device fills the research gap in this field at home and abroad, has great innovation and promotion value, and provides a new solution for underground space development.

[0104] So far, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail. In order to avoid obscuring the concept of the present disclosure, some details known in the art are not described. Those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solutions disclosed herein according to the above description.

[0105] Although some specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail by way of example with reference to the drawings, it is to be understood that the above examples are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It is to be understood that modifications or equivalent arrangements of the above embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tunneling apparatus, characterized by, The utility model relates to a variable-diameter cutter head assembly for a tunneling machine, and more particularly to a variable-diameter cutter head assembly for a tunneling machine comprising: a first shield (2) for supporting a first diameter tunnel; a variable-diameter cutter head assembly (1) rotatably arranged at a front side of the first shield (2) and capable of forming a first cutter head configuration for tunneling the first diameter tunnel and a second cutter head configuration for tunneling a second diameter tunnel (T2); a support shoe mechanism arranged on the first shield (2) for supporting the first shield (2) when the variable-diameter cutter head assembly (1) is in the second cutter head configuration for tunnel expansion construction; wherein the first diameter tunnel has a smaller diameter than the second diameter tunnel (T2), the first shield (2) comprises a first front shield (21), a first middle shield (22) and a first tail shield (23) connected in sequence, and the support shoe mechanism comprises a front shield support shoe mechanism (51) and a middle shield support shoe mechanism (52), the front shield support shoe mechanism (51) is arranged on the first front shield (21) for supporting the first front shield (21) when the variable-diameter cutter head assembly (1) is in the second cutter head configuration for tunnel expansion construction, and the middle shield support shoe mechanism (52) is arranged on the first middle shield (22) for supporting the first middle shield (22) when the variable-diameter cutter head assembly (1) is in the second cutter head configuration for tunnel expansion; wherein the front shield support shoe mechanism (51) comprises: two groups of first fixed seats (511) fixedly connected with the first front shield (21) and respectively located on the left and right sides of the axis of the first front shield (21); two groups of first telescopic members (512) slidably connected with the two groups of first fixed seats (511) respectively; two groups of first arc-shaped support shoes (513) hingedly connected with the lower ends of the two groups of first telescopic members (512) for slidably abutting against the lower side surface of the second diameter tunnel (T2) when the first telescopic members (512) are extended relative to the first fixed seats (511); a first support cross beam (514) detachably connected with the two groups of first arc-shaped support shoes (513) at both ends.

2. The tunneling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, the middle shield support shoe mechanism (52) comprises: a second fixed seat (521) fixedly connected with the first middle shield (22); a second telescopic member (522) slidably connected with the second fixed seat (521); a second arc-shaped support shoe (523) hingedly connected with the lower end of the second telescopic member (522) for slidably abutting against the lower side surface of the second diameter tunnel (T2) when the second telescopic member (522) is extended relative to the second fixed seat (521).

3. The tunneling apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The middle shield supporting shoe mechanism (52) comprises two groups of second fixed seats (521), two groups of second telescopic members (522), two groups of second arc-shaped supporting shoes (523) and a second supporting cross beam (524). The two groups of second fixed seats (521) are respectively located on the left and right sides of the axis of the first middle shield (22). The two groups of second telescopic members (522) are respectively slidably connected with the two groups of second fixed seats (521). The two groups of second arc-shaped supporting shoes (523) are respectively hinged with the lower ends of the two groups of second telescopic members (522). The two ends of the second supporting cross beam (524) are respectively detachably connected with the two groups of second arc-shaped supporting shoes (523).

4. The tunneling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: A second shield body (4) for supporting a second diameter tunnel (T2).

5. The tunneling apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The second shield body (4) can be sleeved on the outer periphery of the first shield body (2) or separated from the first shield body (2).

6. The tunneling apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The second shield body (4) is formed by splicing a plurality of shield body blocks.

7. The tunneling apparatus of claim 6, wherein, Further comprising: A segment assembling machine (33) arranged inside the first shield body (2) for assembling segments (70) in the first diameter tunnel or the second diameter tunnel (T2) and assembling the plurality of shield body blocks.

8. The tunneling apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The second shield body (4) comprises a front shield whole ring structure (41), a middle shield whole ring structure (42) and a tail shield whole ring structure (43) connected in sequence; and the plurality of shield body blocks comprise a plurality of front shield blocks for splicing the front shield whole ring structure (41), a plurality of middle shield blocks for splicing the middle shield whole ring structure (42) and a plurality of tail shield blocks for splicing the tail shield whole ring structure (43).

9. A tunneling apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The variable diameter cutter head assembly (1) comprises: A cutter head body (10); A plurality of fixed beams (12) fixedly connected with or integrally formed with the cutter head body (10); A plurality of telescopic beams (11) slidably arranged on the cutter head body (10); A telescopic oil cylinder (14) arranged between the cutter head body (10) and the telescopic beams (11) and used for driving the telescopic beams (11) to extend radially outward or retract relative to the cutter head body (10); Cutters (16) mounted on the plurality of fixed beams (12) and the plurality of telescopic beams (11).

10. The tunneling apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The plurality of telescopic beams (11) retract into the cutter head body (10) when the variable diameter cutter head assembly (1) is in a first cutter head form, and extend outward in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body (10) when the variable diameter cutter head assembly (1) is in a second cutter head form, wherein part of the cutters (16) mounted on the telescopic beams (11) can extend synchronously with the telescopic beams (11).

11. The tunneling apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The variable diameter cutter head assembly (1) further comprises: A cutter head ring rib (15) fixedly connected with the extended part of the plurality of telescopic beams (11) when the variable diameter cutter head assembly (1) is in the second cutter head form.

12. The tunneling apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The variable diameter cutter head assembly (1) further comprises: A replaceable tearing cutter (13) arranged at the radially outer end of the plurality of telescopic beams (11).

13. The tunneling apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The variable diameter cutter head assembly (1) further comprises: A cutter head slag scraping plate (61) is arranged on one side of the telescopic beam (11) adjacent to the first shield body (2) and fixedly connected with the telescopic beam (11), and is used for realizing one-way or two-way rotation scraping of slag along with the rotation of the cutter head body (10).

14. The tunneling apparatus of claim 13, wherein, Further comprising: A slag receiving plate (63) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the front end of the first shield body (2) and is used for receiving the slag scraped out from the bottom of the soil bin by the cutter head slag scraping plate (61).

15. The tunneling apparatus of claim 14, wherein, Further comprising: A slag conveying mechanism is arranged in the first shield body (2) and is used for conveying the slag in the slag receiving plate (63) outward.

16. The tunneling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: A bottom slag blocking plate (62) is arranged on the lower side of the bottom of the front end of the first shield body (2).

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