An energy-saving and high-yield zirconian ilmenite ore beneficiation process

Abstract

The present invention discloses an energy-saving and high-yield beneficiation process for zircon and rutile ilmenite ore, which includes screening concentrate from zircon and rutile middling raw materials through slag removal, scrubbing, desliming, jigging classification, high-intensity magnetic separation by a vertical-ring wet high-gradient magnetic separator, spiral chute, table concentration, flotation, weak acid scrubbing, countercurrent washing and dewatering, drying, and electromagnetic separation; in the slag removal, scrubbing, desliming, and jigging classification processes of the present invention, the slag removal and desliming effects are good, and the water can be recycled to save resources; the closed-circuit flotation process completes roughing, scavenging, cleaning, and cleaning scavenging, continuously produces concentrate products by flotation, and improves efficiency; both the weak acid scrubbing process and the flotation process can recycle the unutilized resources, save costs, and improve production benefits. By using the table concentration process, various products with different qualities can be screened out more precisely; when using a vertical-ring wet high-gradient magnetic separator for high-intensity magnetic separation of non-magnetic materials, the operations of "slag removal - scrubbing - desliming" are not required, which simplifies the process and improves the speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of zircon-ilmenite beneficiation, and specifically to an energy-saving and high-yield zircon-ilmenite beneficiation process. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main beneficiation process methods for zircon-ilmenite include: scrubbing, gravity separation, magnetic separation, electrostatic separation, flotation, chemical separation, photoelectric beneficiation, friction beneficiation, etc. The existing zircon-ilmenite beneficiation process has the following disadvantages: 1. There is no slag removal, scrubbing, desliming, jigscreen classification and high-intensity magnetic separation by a wet high-gradient magnetic separator process; 2. It is impossible to perform gravity separation by a spiral chute and a shaking table; 3. Ferrite permanent magnets and traditional magnetic system equipment require multiple cleaning operations to obtain qualified concentrate products; 4. The roughing, scavenging and cleaning operations are completed batch by batch in the same set of equipment, and the material landing is not continuous; 5. The non-modular electrostatic separation process requires multiple electrostatic separation operations to obtain qualified concentrate products; 6. The minerals in the ore pool are fed by a forklift and dried. The minerals have a high water content and the material quantity in the drying furnace is unstable. Therefore, an energy-saving and high-yield zircon-ilmenite beneficiation process is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an energy-saving and high-yield zircon-ilmenite beneficiation process to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An energy-saving and high-yield zircon-ilmenite beneficiation process, in which the zircon and rutile middling raw materials are screened for concentrate through slag removal, scrubbing, desliming, jigscreen classification, high-intensity magnetic separation by a wet high-gradient magnetic separator, spiral chute, gravity separation by a shaking table, flotation, weak acid scrubbing, countercurrent washing and dehydration, drying and electromagnetic separation; the specific process is as follows:

[0005] S1: Slag removal, scrubbing, desliming, jigscreen classification and high-intensity magnetic separation of the raw materials:

[0006] S11: The zircon and rutile middling raw materials are fed into the feed hopper by a forklift, evenly fed into a belt conveyor with a metering device by a feeder, and then fed into a circular vibrating screen for slag removal;

[0007] S12: The materials under the screen are fed into a scrubber for scrubbing, and then into a spiral classifier for desliming. The overflow water of the spiral classifier enters the thickener for purification, and the overflow of the thickener enters the circulating water tank for recycling;

[0008] S13: After desliming by the spiral classifier, the materials flow by gravity into a jig for particle size classification. The classified coarse and fine materials are respectively transported to a wet high-gradient magnetic separator by a slurry pump for magnetic separation operation, with a magnetic field intensity of 1.4 T;

[0009] S2: Gravity separation by spiral chute and shaking table: The magnetic ore from the above magnetic separator is transported by a slurry pump to a spiral chute for gravity separation. The spiral concentrate enters a shaking table for further gravity separation. The spiral tailings are transported by a slurry pump to a titanium ore workshop to produce titanium ore and garnet products. The non-magnetic ore from the magnetic separator is respectively transported by a slurry pump to a spiral chute for gravity separation. The spiral concentrate is transported by a slurry pump to the storage hopper of the shaking table, and then evenly fed into the shaking table through a splitter for separation. The shaking table concentrate is transported by a slurry pump to a flotation machine for flotation;

[0010] S3: Weak acid scrubbing, countercurrent washing and dehydration, drying, and electromagnetic separation:

[0011] S31: The bottom concentrate of the above flotation cell is fed into a scrubber after dehydration and scrubbed with dilute hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 5%. The ore on the cell surface enters a thickener for concentration. The overflow water from the thickener enters the flotation water treatment system. The underflow from the thickener is transported by a slurry pump to a monazite workshop. The tailings of the shaking table are precipitated and then transported by a slurry pump to a tailings treatment spiral chute group for re-selection. The concentrate is recovered, and the tailings enter the tailings storage for storage and external sales;

[0012] S32: After the material after weak acid scrubbing is deacidified and dehydrated by a belt filter, it is fed into a natural gas drying furnace for drying through a belt conveyor. After the dried material is screened by a vibrating screen, transported by a bucket elevator and a belt conveyor, it is stored in the storage hopper before electromagnetic separation, and then fed into the feed hopper of the electrostatic separator through a bucket elevator,

[0013] S33: After the first, second, and third electrostatic separations by a roll-type electrostatic separator, the fourth electrostatic separation by an arc-type electrostatic separator, and magnetic separation by a dry high-intensity magnetic separator, high-grade zircon and rutile products are obtained. The tailings generated in each link are subjected to electromagnetic separation again to obtain low-grade zircon and rutile products.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the spiral classifier in S13 is a classification device that performs mechanical classification by means of the principle that solid particles have different sizes and specific gravities, and thus different settling velocities in a liquid. Fine ore particles float in water and overflow, while coarse ore particles sink to the bottom of the tank and are pushed upward by a spiral and discharged. It can classify the powder ground in the mill and then use the spiral blade to spin the coarse material into the feed inlet of the mill, and discharge the filtered fine material from the overflow pipe.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the gravity separation operation of the spiral chute in S2, a sand pump sends the ore sand to the two feed inlets at the top of the spiral, adds supplementary water, adjusts the pulp concentration, and the pulp naturally swirls from top to bottom. An inertial centrifugal force is generated in the flow velocity of the rotating inclined plane. Due to the differences in the specific gravity, particle size, and shape of the ore sand, through the action of the gravity and centrifugal force of the swirl, the ore and sand are separated. The concentrate flows into the concentrate hopper and is connected by a pipeline, and the tailings flow into the tailings hopper and are connected to the sand pond by a pipeline, and then discharged by a sand pump, completing the whole process of ore dressing.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the shaking table re-election in S2: the pulp is fed into the feeding trough, and at the same time, water is added to prepare a pulp with a concentration of about 25% - 20%. It automatically flows onto the table surface. The ore particle group is loosened and stratified in the bed bar grooves under the action of water flow flushing and table surface vibration. The light mineral particles in the upper layer are pushed by a larger water flow and move horizontally and obliquely along the table surface, and then are directly discharged as tailings. The heavy mineral particles located at the bottom of the bed layer move towards the opposite side of the driving end under the vibration of the table surface, and thus concentrates are formed and discharged from the concentrate end. Due to the different specific gravities and particle sizes of the ore particles, their movement directions are also different. Therefore, the ore particle group spreads in a fan shape along the diagonal from the feeding trough, and the products are discharged along the edge of the table surface. The discharge line is very long, so the shaking table can accurately produce various products with different qualities.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the weak acid scrubbing operation in S32, the acid-containing sewage is neutralized by alkali solution and then returned to the scrubbing process for recycling.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the flotation process in S31, most of the collector is adsorbed on the surface of the minerals and enters the next process with the minerals. A small amount circulates in the flotation return water. By comprehensively utilizing the residual reagents in the return water, the dosage of the reagents is significantly reduced.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the weak acid scrubbing operation in S32 is also carried out in a double-tank connected scrubbing with a hexagonal structure. The undersize minerals with mud on the surface enter the scrubbing machine and are stirred by the impeller. The materials collide and rub against each other, against the impeller, and against the tank wall, so that the iron impurities on the surface of the minerals are scrubbed and dissolved into the pulp.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the weak acid scrubbing operation in S32 only treats zircon sand with a slightly higher iron content, accounting for about 10% of the total materials. Other zircon sands do not require weak acid scrubbing operations.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the slag removal, scrubbing, de-sludging and jigging classification processes of the present invention, the slag removal and de-sludging effects are good, and the water can be recycled to save resources; after particle size classification and then re-election, materials with different particle sizes are re-elected separately, which can make full use of the specific gravity difference between the materials and obtain a higher separation effect; the closed-circuit flotation process completes roughing, scavenging, cleaning and fine scavenging, continuously floats to produce concentrate products, and improves efficiency; the high-efficiency dehydration-drying process has low moisture content of the drying feed and stable material quantity. Both the weak acid scrubbing process and the flotation process can recycle the unutilized resources, save costs and improve production efficiency. By using the shaking table re-election process, various products with different qualities can be more accurately screened; using a vertical ring wet high-gradient magnetic separator for strong magnetic separation of non-magnetic materials does not require "slag removal - scrubbing - de-sludging operations", which simplifies the process and improves the speed.

[0022] The present invention adopts a vertical-ring wet high-gradient magnetic separator, which has high magnetic field intensity, good stability, large throughput per single device, high first-pass qualification rate of concentrate products, and few separation operations. It also adopts an oil-cooled high-voltage low-current high-gradient magnetic separator, which has the advantages of less coil heating and saving a large amount of water resources by using oil cooling instead of water cooling. The drying furnace adopts a three-cylinder drying furnace with a three-pass structure, which effectively utilizes the temperature of high-temperature materials to preheat the feed in advance and has low energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The following elaborates on the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment: Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: an energy-saving and high-yield zircon-ilmenite ore dressing process. The zircon and ilmenite middling raw materials are screened for concentrate through slag removal, scrubbing, de-sludging, jigging classification, strong magnetic separation by a wet high-gradient magnetic separator, spiral chute, table concentration, flotation, weak acid scrubbing, countercurrent washing and dehydration, drying, and electromagnetic separation. The specific process is as follows:

[0026] S1: Slag removal, scrubbing, de-sludging, jigging classification, and strong magnetic separation by a wet high-gradient magnetic separator of the raw materials:

[0027] S11: The zircon and ilmenite middling raw materials are fed into the feed hopper by a forklift, evenly fed into a belt conveyor with a metering device by a feeder, and then fed into a circular vibrating screen for slag removal;

[0028] S12: The materials under the screen are fed into a scrubber for scrubbing, and then into a spiral classifier for de-sludging. The overflow water of the spiral classifier enters the thickener for purification, and the overflow of the thickener enters the circulating water tank for recycling;

[0029] S13: After de-sludging by the spiral classifier, the materials flow by gravity into a jigging device for particle size classification. The classified coarse and fine materials are then respectively transported to a wet high-gradient magnetic separator by a slurry pump for magnetic separation operation, with a magnetic field intensity of 1.4T;

[0030] S13: The spiral classifier is a classification device that classifies mechanically by means of the principle that solid particles have different sizes and specific gravities, and thus different sedimentation velocities in liquids. Fine ore particles float in water and overflow, while coarse ore particles sink to the bottom of the tank and are pushed upward by the spiral and discharged. It can classify the powder ground in the mill and then use the spiral blade to screw the coarse material into the mill feed inlet and discharge the filtered fine material from the overflow pipe.

[0031] S2: Gravity separation by spiral chute and shaking table: The magnetic ore from the above magnetic separator is transported by a slurry pump to a spiral chute for gravity separation, and the spiral concentrate enters a shaking table for re - gravity separation; the spiral tailings are transported by a slurry pump to the titanium ore workshop to produce titanium ore and garnet products; the non - magnetic ore of the magnetic separator is respectively transported by a slurry pump to a spiral chute for gravity separation, the spiral concentrate is transported by a slurry pump to the storage hopper of the shaking table, and then evenly fed into the shaking table through a distributor for separation. The shaking table concentrate is transported by a slurry pump to a flotation machine for flotation;

[0032] In the gravity separation operation of the spiral chute in S2, a sand pump sends the ore sand to the two feed ports at the top of the spiral, adds supplementary water, adjusts the pulp concentration, and the pulp naturally swirls from top to bottom. An inertial centrifugal force is generated in the rotational slope flow velocity. Due to the differences in the specific gravity, particle size, and shape of the ore sand, through the action of the gravity and centrifugal force of the swirl, the ore and sand are separated. The concentrate flows into the concentrate hopper and is taken out through a pipeline, and the tailings flow into the tailings hopper and are connected to the sand pond through a pipeline, and then discharged by a sand pump, completing the whole process of ore dressing.

[0033] Gravity separation by the shaking table in S2: The pulp is fed into the feed trough, and at the same time, water is added to prepare a pulp with a concentration of about 25% - 20%. It automatically flows onto the table surface. The ore particle group is loosened and stratified in the bed bar grooves under the action of water flow washing and table vibration. The light mineral particles in the upper layer are pushed by a larger water flow and move horizontally and obliquely along the table surface, and are directly discharged as tailings. The heavy mineral particles at the bottom of the bed layer move towards the opposite side of the drive end under the action of the table vibration and form concentrate, which is discharged from the concentrate end. Due to the different specific gravity and particle size of the ore particles, their movement directions are also different. So the ore particle group starts to spread in a fan - shaped pattern along the diagonal from the feed trough, and the products are discharged along the edge of the table surface. The discharge line is very long, so the shaking table can accurately produce various products with different qualities.

[0034] S3: Weak acid scrubbing, counter - current washing and dehydration, drying, and electromagnetic separation:

[0035] S31: The bottom concentrate of the above flotation cell is fed into a scrubber after dehydration, and scrubbed with 5% concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid. The ore on the cell surface enters a thickening hopper for thickening. The overflow water from the thickening hopper enters the flotation water treatment system. The underflow of the thickening hopper is transported by a slurry pump to the monazite workshop. After the shaking table tailings settle, they are transported by a slurry pump to the tailings treatment spiral chute group for re - separation, the concentrate is recovered, and the tailings enter the tailings storage for storage and external sale;

[0036] S32: After the material after weak acid scrubbing is de - acidified and dehydrated by a belt filter, the acid - containing sewage is neutralized with alkali liquor and then returned to the scrubbing process for recycling. It is fed into a natural gas drying furnace for drying through a belt conveyor; after drying, the material is screened by a vibrating screen, transported by a bucket elevator and a belt conveyor, stored in the storage hopper before electromagnetic separation, and then fed to the ore feeding hopper of the electrostatic separator through a bucket elevator,

[0037] S33: The first, second and third electrostatic separations are carried out by roller electrostatic separation, the fourth electrostatic separation is carried out by arc plate electrostatic separation, and the magnetic separation is carried out by dry high-intensity magnetic separator to obtain high-grade zircon and rutile products. The tailings produced in each link are electromagnetically separated again to obtain low-grade zircon and rutile products.

[0038] During the flotation process in S31, most of the collector is adsorbed on the surface of the mineral and enters the next process with the mineral. A small amount circulates in the flotation return water, and the residual reagents in the return water are comprehensively utilized to greatly reduce the amount of reagents used.

[0039] The weak acid scrubbing operation in S32 is also a double-tank connected scrubbing in a hexagonal structure. After the underscreen minerals with mud on the surface enter the scrubbing machine, they are stirred by the impeller. The materials collide and rub against each other, the materials against the impeller, and the materials against the tank wall, and the iron impurities on the mineral surface are scrubbed and dissolved into the slurry.

[0040] The weak acid scrubbing operation in S32 is only performed on zircon sand with a slightly higher iron content, which accounts for about 10% of the total material. Other zircon sands do not require weak acid scrubbing operations.

[0041] In the slag removal, scrubbing, desludging and jigging classification processes of the present invention, the slag removal and desludging effects are good, and water can be recycled to save resources; after particle size classification, re-selection is performed, and materials of different particle sizes are re-selected separately, which can make full use of the specific gravity difference between the materials and obtain a higher sorting effect; the closed-circuit flotation process completes roughing, scavenging, concentrating and fine scavenging, and continuous flotation produces concentrate products to improve efficiency; the efficient dehydration-drying process has low moisture content and stable material quantity in the drying feed. The weak acid scrubbing process and the flotation process can recycle unused resources, save costs, and improve production efficiency. The shaking table re-selection process is used to more accurately screen out a variety of products of different qualities; the use of a vertical ring wet high-gradient magnetic separator for strong magnetic separation of non-magnetic materials does not require "slag removal-scrubbing-desludging operations", which simplifies the process and increases the speed.

[0042] The present invention adopts a vertical ring wet high gradient magnetic separator with high magnetic field strength, good stability, large processing capacity of a single device, high one-time qualified rate of concentrate products, and less separation operation times; an oil-cooled high voltage and low current high gradient magnetic separator is adopted, which has the advantages of less coil heat generation and oil cooling instead of water cooling to save a lot of water resources; the drying furnace adopts a three-drum drying furnace: a three-return structure, which effectively utilizes the temperature of the high-temperature material itself to preheat the feed in advance, and has low energy consumption.

[0043] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and high-yield zirconian ilmenite ore dressing process, characterized in that: The zircon and rutile intermediate ore raw materials are screened to obtain concentrates through slag removal, scrubbing, desliming, jigging classification, high-intensity magnetic separation by a wet high-gradient magnetic separator, spiral chute, table concentration, flotation, weak acid scrubbing, countercurrent washing and dehydration, drying, and electromagnetic separation. The specific process is as follows: S1: Slag removal, scrubbing, desliming, jigging classification, and high-intensity magnetic separation of the raw materials: S11: The zircon and rutile intermediate ore raw materials are fed into the feed hopper by a forklift, evenly fed into a belt conveyor with a metering device by a feeder, and then fed into a circular vibrating screen for slag removal; S12: The materials under the screen are fed into a scrubber for scrubbing, and then into a spiral classifier for desliming. The overflow water of the spiral classifier enters the thickener for purification, and the overflow of the thickener enters the circulating water tank for recycling; S13: After desliming by the spiral classifier, the materials flow by gravity into a jigging device for particle size classification. The classified coarse and fine materials are respectively transported to a wet high-gradient magnetic separator by a slurry pump for magnetic separation operation, with a magnetic field intensity of 1.4 T; S2: Spiral chute and table concentration: The magnetic ore of the above magnetic separator is transported to a spiral chute by a slurry pump for concentration, and the spiral concentrate enters a table for further concentration; the spiral tailings are transported to the titanium ore workshop by a slurry pump to produce titanium ore and garnet products; the non-magnetic ore of the magnetic separator is respectively transported to a spiral chute by a slurry pump for concentration. The spiral concentrate is transported to the storage hopper of the table by a slurry pump, and then evenly fed into the table by a splitter for separation. The table concentrate is transported to a flotation machine by a slurry pump for flotation; S3: Weak acid scrubbing, countercurrent washing and dehydration, drying, and electromagnetic separation: S31: The bottom concentrate of the above flotation cell is fed into a scrubber after dehydration, and scrubbed with 5% concentrated hydrochloric acid. The ore on the cell surface enters a thickening hopper for thickening. The overflow water of the thickening hopper enters the flotation water treatment system. The underflow of the thickening hopper is transported to the monazite workshop by a slurry pump. After the table tailings settle, they are transported to a tailing treatment spiral chute group by a slurry pump for re-selection, and the concentrate is recovered. The tailings enter the tailing storage for storage and external sale; S32: After weak acid scrubbing, the materials are deacidified and dehydrated by a belt filter, and then fed into a natural gas drying furnace for drying by a belt conveyor; after drying, the materials are screened by a vibrating screen, transported by a bucket elevator and a belt conveyor, stored in the storage hopper before electromagnetic separation, and then fed into the feed hopper of the electrostatic separator by a bucket elevator. S33: After the first, second, and third electrostatic separations by a roller electrostatic separator, the fourth electrostatic separation by an arc plate electrostatic separator, and magnetic separation by a dry high-intensity magnetic separator, high-grade zircon and rutile products are obtained. The tailings generated in each link are re-electromagnetically separated to obtain low-grade zircon and rutile products.

2. The beneficiation process of zirconian ilmenite ore with energy conservation and high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the spiral chute concentration operation in S2, the slurry pump sends the ore sand to the two feeding ports at the top of the spiral, adds supplementary water, adjusts the slurry concentration, and the slurry naturally swirls from top to bottom. An inertial centrifugal force is generated in the flow velocity of the rotating inclined plane. Due to the differences in the specific gravity, particle size, and shape of the ore sand, through the action of the gravity and centrifugal force of the swirl, the ore and sand are separated. The concentrate flows into the concentrate hopper and is taken out by a pipeline, and the tailings flow into the tailing hopper and are connected to the sand pond by a pipeline, and then discharged by a slurry pump, completing the whole process of ore dressing.

3. A beneficiation process for zirconian ilmenite ore with energy conservation and high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaking table gravity separation in S2: the ore pulp is fed into the ore trough, and water is added to prepare the ore pulp with a concentration of 25% to 20%, which automatically flows onto the bed surface. The ore particle group is loosened and stratified by the water flow and the vibration of the bed surface in the bed groove. The light mineral particles in the upper layer are pushed by the larger water flow and move laterally along the bed surface, and become tailings and are directly discharged. The heavy mineral particles at the bottom of the bed are moved to the opposite side of the transmission end by the vibration of the bed surface, and form concentrates, which are discharged from the concentrate end. The specific gravity and particle size of the ore particles are different, and the movement direction is also different. Therefore, the ore particle group starts from the ore feeding trough and spreads out in a fan shape along the diagonal line. The product is discharged along the edge of the bed surface. The discharge line is very long, so the shaking table can accurately produce a variety of products with different qualities.

4. A beneficiation process for zirconian ilmenite ore with energy conservation and high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid-containing wastewater in the S32 weak acid scrubbing operation is neutralized with alkali solution and then returned to the scrubbing process for recycling.

5. A beneficiation process for zirconian ilmenite ore with energy conservation and high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the flotation process in S31, most of the collector is adsorbed on the surface of the mineral and enters the next process with the mineral. A small amount of the collector circulates in the flotation return water, and the residual reagents in the return water are comprehensively utilized to greatly reduce the amount of reagents used.

6. The beneficiation process of zirconian ilmenite ore for energy conservation and high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weak acid scrubbing operation in S32 is carried out in a double-groove connected scrubbing in a hexagonal structure. After the underscreen minerals with mud on the surface enter the scrubbing machine, they are stirred by the impeller, and the materials, the impeller, and the groove wall collide and rub against each other, so that the iron impurities on the surface of the minerals are scrubbed and dissolved into the ore pulp.

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