Environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation method thereof
By preparing an environmentally friendly dust suppressant containing cellulose and modified sodium silicate, the problems of insufficient permeability and water retention of existing dust suppressants have been solved, achieving efficient dust suppression and ecological restoration under high wind speeds.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HENAN VOCATIONAL COLLEGE OF APPLIED TECH
- Filing Date
- 2023-03-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
Smart Images
Figure CN116355594B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to an environmentally friendly dust suppressant and its preparation method, belonging to the field of dust suppressant technology. Background Technology
[0002] Commonly used dust control methods include wet dust control, windbreak forests and windbreak nets, water spraying, and the use of dust suppressants. Among these, dust suppressants are more effective at controlling dust on exposed ground and are therefore widely promoted.
[0003] Dust suppressants are mainly designed by combining novel agricultural functional polymer materials and can be divided into four categories: cohesive, wetting, adhesive, and composite. Most of them possess excellent film-forming properties, efficiently absorbing dust and forming a protective layer on the material surface. In recent years, my country has placed increasing emphasis on environmental protection, and the research on novel environmentally friendly dust suppressants has become a hot topic in environmental protection research. Among existing technologies, Huang Zhisheng et al. developed a novel foam dust suppressant using a raw material ratio of 0.6% K12, 0.1% APG, 0.4% PAM, and 0.3% LAS. The raw materials are green and environmentally friendly, widely available, and exhibit high dust suppression efficiency and low corrosivity. Zhang Chuan et al. used PVA1788 and VAC as raw materials to produce a new type of environmentally friendly polymeric dust suppressant. It has low viscosity, high moisturizing properties, and is non-toxic.
[0004] The dust suppressants mentioned above all have good dust-proof performance, but considering the overall performance of the dust suppressants, there is still considerable room for improvement. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide an environmentally friendly dust suppressant with outstanding comprehensive performance, including good permeability, good water retention, and good wind resistance.
[0006] A method for preparing an environmentally friendly dust suppressant includes the following steps:
[0007] 1) React cellulose and sodium hydroxide in ethanol solution for 1-2 hours to obtain an alkalized solution. Then add chloroacetic acid and ethanol to the alkalized solution and react at 65-70℃ for 1-2 hours. Adjust the pH to 6-7, separate the solid and liquid, wash, and obtain CMC sample.
[0008] 2) Add the CMC sample obtained in step 1) to water at 65-70℃ and mix evenly. Then add sodium silicate or modified sodium silicate and polyvinyl alcohol and mix evenly to obtain the final product.
[0009] In step 1), the temperature during the reaction of cellulose and sodium hydroxide in ethanol solution is 35-40℃.
[0010] In step 1), the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 90-95%.
[0011] In step 1), the mass ratio of cellulose to sodium hydroxide is 10:10-15.
[0012] In step 2), the CMC sample obtained in step 1) is added to water and mixed evenly, then sodium alginate is added and mixed evenly, and then sodium silicate or modified sodium silicate and polyvinyl alcohol are added and mixed evenly.
[0013] In step 2), the CMC sample obtained in step 1) is added to water and mixed evenly, and then sodium silicate or modified sodium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium dodecyl sulfonate are added and mixed evenly.
[0014] In step 2), when the CMC sample obtained in step 1) is added to water, sodium highly substituted carboxymethyl starch is also added.
[0015] The modified sodium silicate is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing acrylic monomer, 8g of dicyclopentenyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, and polyoxyethylene ether in an organic solvent, adding an initiator to react, then adding acrylic acid and trimethylolpropane to react, and finally adding sodium silicate and mixing thoroughly.
[0016] The organic solvent is N-vinylpyrrolidone.
[0017] The reaction temperature when adding acrylic acid and trimethylolpropane is 90-95℃.
[0018] An environmentally friendly dust suppressant prepared by the above method. Preferably, the environmentally friendly dust suppressant is an ecological restoration environmentally friendly dust suppressant.
[0019] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
[0020] The environmentally friendly dust suppressant of this application has good water retention, permeability, and wind erosion resistance. Compared with traditional dust suppressants, it has better water retention, wettability, and permeability, and can maintain a nearly 100% dust suppression effect under wind speed conditions of 6-7m / s and 12-13m / s, respectively. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a permeability curve of the environmentally friendly dust suppressant of Examples 1-3 of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a water retention curve of the dust suppressant in Examples 1-3 of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 3 The images show the wind erosion resistance of samples from Example 1 with mass fractions of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively.
[0024] Figure 4The figures show the wind erosion resistance of samples with mass fractions of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% in Example 2, respectively.
[0025] Figure 5 The images show the wind erosion resistance of samples from Example 3 with mass fractions of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively.
[0026] Figure 6 The figures show the wind erosion resistance of water and sodium silicate, respectively, serving as controls.
[0027] Figure 7 The viscosity test results of the environmentally friendly dust suppressants of Examples 1-3 of the present invention are shown in the graph.
[0028] Figure 8 The graphs show the surface tension test results of the environmentally friendly dust suppressants in Examples 1-3 of this invention.
[0029] Figure 9 The figures show the test results of the ecological restoration and environmentally friendly dust suppressant of Examples 4-6 of the present invention (from left to right in the figures are the test results of Example 6, Example 5, Example 4, and the control group). Detailed Implementation
[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0031] Preparation Example 1
[0032] The method for preparing refined cellulose in this preparation example includes the following steps:
[0033] 1) Prepare 76.24g of solid sodium hydroxide in a dry and clean beaker, add a small amount of water and stir. After dissolving, add a certain amount of water to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 4%.
[0034] 197.74g of waste newspaper was crushed and then decolorized with a stable chlorine dioxide solution.
[0035] 2) Weigh 70.42g of decolorized and dried waste newspaper, crush it again, and then add it to water and boil for 2 hours to obtain pulp.
[0036] 3) Boil the pulp obtained in step 2) in the sodium hydroxide solution obtained in step 1) for 3 hours, then adjust the pH to 6-7 with dilute hydrochloric acid, filter with a sintered glass funnel, wash with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain the pulp.
[0037] Example 1
[0038] The method for preparing the dust suppressant in this embodiment includes the following steps:
[0039] 1) Take 10g of the refined cellulose from Example 1, add it to 250mL of 95% ethanol solution, heat it, then add 10g of sodium hydroxide, and react it in a water bath at a constant temperature of 35℃ for 1h (10:10-11:10 am) to obtain an alkalized solution.
[0040] 2) Add a mixture of 15g chloroacetic acid and 50mL anhydrous ethanol to the prepared alkaline solution, then raise the temperature to 70℃ and stir at a constant temperature for 1h (15:23-16:23 in the afternoon). Adjust the pH to 6-7 with dilute hydrochloric acid. Then filter with a 400-mesh filter bag, rinse with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain CMC sample.
[0041] 3) Place a beaker containing 300mL of water in a water bath and adjust the temperature to 85℃. Then, slowly and evenly add 10g of the above CMC sample to the water and disperse it evenly. Then add 10g of starch and stir to mix evenly. Then add 10g of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and 10g of polyvinyl alcohol and stir to mix evenly. Then add 50g of sodium silicate and stir to mix evenly. Then add 5g of guar gum and 5g of xanthan gum and stir to mix evenly. Then add 10g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and stir to mix evenly.
[0042] Example 2
[0043] The method for preparing the dust suppressant in this embodiment includes the following steps:
[0044] 1) Take 10g of the refined cellulose from Example 1, add it to 300mL of 95% ethanol solution, heat it, then add 12.5g of sodium hydroxide, and react it for 1h under a constant temperature of 40℃ in a water bath to obtain an alkalized solution.
[0045] 2) Add a mixture of 18g chloroacetic acid and 50mL anhydrous ethanol to the prepared alkaline solution, then raise the temperature to 65℃ and stir at a constant temperature for 1h. Adjust the pH to 6-7 with dilute hydrochloric acid. Then filter with a 400-mesh filter bag, rinse with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain CMC sample.
[0046] 3) Place a beaker containing 300mL of water in a water bath and adjust the temperature to 65℃. Then slowly and evenly add 10g of the above CMC sample to the water and disperse it evenly. Then add 10g of sodium alginate and stir to mix evenly. Then add 10g of polyvinyl alcohol and stir to mix evenly. Then add 50g of sodium silicate and stir to mix evenly.
[0047] Example 3
[0048] The preparation method of the environmentally friendly dust suppressant in this embodiment includes the following steps:
[0049] 1) Take 10g of the refined cellulose from Example 1, add it to 300mL of 95% ethanol solution, heat it, then add 10g of sodium hydroxide, and react it in a water bath at a constant temperature of 35℃ for 1h to obtain an alkalized solution.
[0050] 2) Add a mixture of 20g chloroacetic acid and 50mL anhydrous ethanol to the prepared alkaline solution, then raise the temperature to 70℃ and stir at a constant temperature for 1h. Adjust the pH to 6-7 with dilute hydrochloric acid. Then filter with a 400-mesh filter bag, rinse with anhydrous ethanol, and dry to obtain CMC sample.
[0051] 3) Place a beaker containing 300mL of water in a water bath and adjust the temperature to 65℃. Then, slowly and evenly add 10g of the above CMC sample to the water and disperse it evenly. Then, add 10g of sodium alginate and stir to mix evenly. Then, add 10g of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and 10g of polyvinyl alcohol and stir to mix evenly. Then, add 50g of sodium silicate and stir to mix evenly. Then, add 5g of guar gum and 5g of xanthan gum and stir to mix evenly. Finally, add 10g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and stir to mix evenly.
[0052] Example 4
[0053] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that in step 3), 10g of sodium carboxymethyl starch was added at the same time as CMC sample preparation.
[0054] Example 5
[0055] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that, in step 3), 10g of highly substituted carboxymethyl starch sodium was added simultaneously with the addition of CMC for sample preparation. The highly substituted carboxymethyl starch sodium can be any existing highly substituted carboxymethyl starch sodium. In this embodiment, the highly substituted carboxymethyl starch sodium was prepared by a method including the following steps: 20g of starch and 6g of NaOH were added to 1mL of anhydrous ethanol, stirred at 40°C, and water was added dropwise during stirring (to minimize ethanol evaporation). The stirring time was 75min, and a total of 12mL of water was added. After the reaction, 15g of NaOH and 5g of ClCH2COOH were added, the temperature was raised to 60°C, and the reaction was carried out for 2h. The mixture was then filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and dried.
[0056] Example 6
[0057] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 5 is that modified sodium silicate is used instead of sodium silicate. The modified sodium silicate is prepared by a method including the following steps:
[0058] Mix 10g of acrylic acid monomer, 8g of dicyclopentenyl acrylate, 8g of isobornyl acrylate, and 2g of N-vinylpyrrolidone until homogeneous. Under a constant temperature water bath at 60℃, add 0.75g of polyoxyethylene ether and stir until homogeneous. Then, add 10mL of water and mix thoroughly. Next, add 1g of ammonium persulfate and react at a constant temperature for 1 hour. Then, add 4g of acrylic acid and 10g of trimethylolpropane and react for 30 minutes. The temperature is then raised to 90℃, and under stirring, 35g of sodium silicate solution (a 1:1 mass ratio of sodium silicate to water) is added uniformly. After the addition is complete, continue stirring until the water evaporates completely.
[0059] Experimental Example
[0060] The dust suppressant prepared in Example 1 was diluted with water to prepare samples with mass fractions of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. The dust suppressant prepared in Example 2 was diluted with water to prepare samples with mass fractions of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, respectively. The dust suppressant prepared in Example 3 was diluted with water to prepare samples with mass fractions of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. These samples were then tested.
[0061] 1) Permeability test
[0062] Prepare 10 glass tubes in advance, and add an appropriate amount of pre-sieved soil sample to each glass tube. After vibration and compaction, keep the soil sample at the same height in the glass tube. Then, add 2 mL of dust suppressant of different mass concentrations to the corresponding glass tubes. Then, slowly drip the dust suppressant from the dropper into the soil sample glass tube along the tube wall. Start timing when the dust suppressant begins to drip, and set the time to 20 minutes.
[0063] When the penetration time and the amount of dust suppressant added are the same, the deeper the penetration depth, the better the penetration performance of the dust suppressant.
[0064] Test results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, under the same time conditions and with the same soil source, the penetration depth of the added dust suppressant highlights the influence of the dust suppressant's ratio and mass concentration on the penetration depth. Viscosity gradually increases with increasing solution concentration; the higher the viscosity, the lower the permeability of the solution. Therefore, the permeability of the solution gradually decreases with increasing concentration.
[0065] 2) Water retention effect test
[0066] Accurately weigh approximately 70g of soil sample that has passed through a 200-mesh sieve. Place it on a round glass petri dish, gently vibrate and compact it, then spread it into a circular soil mass approximately 20-30mm thick. Next, accurately weigh the soil mass and the glass petri dish using an electronic balance. Finally, evenly spray the same mass of dust suppressant onto the soil sample surface. Place the soil mass in a dry and ventilated environment, and weigh the soil mass 10 times at 6-hour or 24-hour intervals. Then, calculate the water retention rate using the formula below.
[0067]
[0068] In the formula, W II Soil mass after 6 hours / 24 hours + round glass petri dish;
[0069] W0: Initial mass of soil + round glass petri dish;
[0070] W I : Soil quality after dust suppression agent spraying + round glass petri dish.
[0071] Test results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, Example 2 exhibited poor water retention, with its water retention rate decreasing as the soil sample remained still. Significant water loss occurred after 6 hours and 24 hours, but gradually leveled off after 45 hours. After 51 hours, sodium silicate showed the best water retention performance, followed by Example 3.
[0072] 3) Wind erosion resistance test
[0073] The wind erosion resistance test uses the difference between the mass of the sample after wind erosion and its original weight, and then compares the result with its original weight, as an indicator to reflect the wind erosion resistance effect of the dust suppressant.
[0074] Weigh approximately 60g of soil sample that has passed through a 200-mesh sieve, place it in a 90mm round glass petri dish, spread it evenly and evenly, then spray approximately 25g of dust suppressant on top, and place it in a well-ventilated and dry environment to air dry naturally. Continue until a solidified layer forms on the surface of the soil sample, then weigh it.
[0075] Soil samples were tested under simulated natural wind and strong wind conditions using a blower. The wind speeds measured by the anemometer were set to 6-7 m / s and 12-13 m / s, respectively. Each soil sample was weighed after 5 minutes of wind erosion, and the samples were weighed four times for each wind speed. The mass loss rate was calculated using the following formula.
[0076] Quality loss rate: (ma-mb)÷ma×100%
[0077] ma: Quality of the soil after solidification
[0078] mb: Soil mass after 5 min / 10 min / 15 min / 20 min
[0079] Water and sodium silicate were used as controls.
[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, in the soil samples of Example 1, 1% and 2% showed smaller but more numerous cracks, while 3% and 4% showed good surface film formation, but after complete curing, large-scale lifting occurred, failing to achieve a good dust suppression effect.
[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, when soil samples from Example 2 were added, cracks appeared in all four mass concentrations of the samples after treatment, and the cracks were larger but less than those in Example 1 (1% and 2%).
[0082] like Figure 5 As shown, in the soil samples of Example 3, 1% and 2% showed fewer cracks, 3% formed a film on the surface without lifting, and 4% formed a film on the surface but lifted significantly.
[0083] like Figure 6 As shown, after the soil with added sodium silicate solidifies completely, a brittle film forms on the soil surface, and the mass loss is quite significant under different wind speeds.
[0084] 4) Viscosity test
[0085] Select a suitable rotor and speed based on the approximate viscosity range of the liquid being tested, and then use the appropriate rotor and speed to measure the viscosity of dust suppressants with different ratios and mass concentrations.
[0086] The effects of different formulations and concentrations on the viscosity of dust suppressant solutions, such as Figure 7 As shown. By Figure 7 It is known that the higher the mass concentration of the dust suppressant, the higher the viscosity. Specifically, the viscosity of Example 2 is relatively low, but slightly higher than that of water; the viscosity of Examples 1 and 3 is relatively high. The viscosity of the 4% concentration sample in Example 3 is lower than that of the 4% concentration sample in Example 1. Higher solution viscosity results in greater spraying resistance, which can cause blockage in the spraying equipment pipeline and damage the equipment. Conversely, lower viscosity leads to less spraying resistance and easier dispersion and atomization of the dust suppressant. However, if the concentration is too low, the film-forming properties and wind erosion resistance will decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to select an appropriate concentration to ensure both suitable viscosity and good performance.
[0087] 5) Surface tension test
[0088] The surface tension meter was balanced, and a hook of appropriate length was selected for connection. Then, the surface tension of the dust suppressant samples of different embodiments was measured in sequence according to the mass fraction from small to large using the BYZ series surface tension meter.
[0089] The effects of different formulations and concentrations on the surface tension of dust suppressant solutions, such as Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the lower the surface tension, the better the wettability. The figure shows that water and sodium silicate have relatively high viscosity. When the dust suppressant solutions of Examples 1 and 3 have low viscosity, the solution has low adhesion, and the surface tension decreases with increasing viscosity. When the viscosity is greater than a certain value, the surface tension gradually increases and the wettability decreases when the mass concentration of the dust suppressant solution is between 2% and 4% in Examples 1 and 3, and between 1.5% and 2% in Example 2. Therefore, when the mass concentration of the dust suppressant solution is between 1.5% and 3%, the surface tension tends to decrease, and the wettability is better.
[0090] 6) Ecological performance testing
[0091] The dust suppressants prepared in Examples 4-6 are ecological restoration and environmentally friendly dust suppressants. A large beaker containing 1 liter of pure water was used to accurately weigh and mix the dust suppressant samples from Examples 4-6. An equal amount of plant seeds was added to the sample solution to prepare a 1% (w / w) dust suppressant. Water was used as a control.
[0092] After dust suppressant is sprayed, a crust forms on the soil surface. This crust significantly slows down surface moisture evaporation, which is beneficial for seed germination and survival. Simultaneously, it suppresses dust and slows soil erosion during plant germination and growth. During the vigorous growth period, vegetation further suppresses dust and greens the environment. The crust gradually degrades, providing nutrients for the vegetation.
[0093] Test results are as follows Figure 9 As shown, Example 6 exhibits the best ecological restoration performance.
Claims
1. A method for preparing an ecological restoration and environmentally friendly dust suppressant, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) React cellulose and sodium hydroxide in ethanol solution for 1-2 hours to obtain an alkalized solution. Then add chloroacetic acid and ethanol to the alkalized solution and react at 65-70℃ for 1-2 hours. Adjust the pH to 6-7, separate the solid and liquid, wash, and obtain CMC sample. 2) Add the CMC sample obtained in step 1) to water at 65-70℃ and mix evenly. Then add sodium alginate and mix evenly. Finally, add modified sodium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium dodecyl sulfonate and mix evenly to obtain the final product. In step 2), when the CMC sample obtained in step 1) is added to water, sodium highly substituted carboxymethyl starch is also added at the same time; The modified sodium silicate is prepared by the following steps: acrylic acid, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, and polyoxyethylene ether are mixed evenly in an organic solvent, an initiator is added to react, then acrylic acid and trimethylolpropane are added to react, and then sodium silicate is added and mixed evenly.
2. The preparation method of the ecological restoration and environmentally friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1), the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 90-95%.
3. The preparation method of the ecological restoration and environmentally friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1), the mass ratio of cellulose to sodium hydroxide is 10:10-15.
4. The preparation method of the ecological restoration and environmentally friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic solvent is N-vinylpyrrolidone.
5. The preparation method of the ecological restoration and environmentally friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction temperature when adding acrylic acid and trimethylolpropane is 90-95℃.
6. An ecological restoration and environmentally friendly dust suppressant prepared by the method as described in claim 1.