A low-waste layout method for off-vein mining in a downward approach filling mining method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a low-waste layout method for an off-vein mining project of a downward approach filling mining method. The stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the middle section is divided into sections from top to bottom, and the sections are divided into five layers. Mining is carried out in layers using approaches as units, and both sections and layers are mined in a top-down order. Mining ramps and segmented lanes are arranged outside the vein of the ore body footwall, and the bottom plate elevation of the segmented lanes is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the third layer of each segment. When each layer is mined, the segmented lanes and the stope are connected through the third layer flat slope mining connection by using a flat slope mining connection, an upward mining connection or a downward mining connection. The present invention can effectively reduce the amount of excavation engineering of the stope connecting lanes, improve the stope circulation speed, increase the stope production capacity, and reduce the output and emission costs of waste rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and in particular relates to a low-waste layout method for an off-vein mining project using a downward approach filling mining method. Background Art

[0002] The downward layered filling method is suitable for mining ore bodies with unstable ore and surrounding rock, and nonferrous metal or rare metal ore bodies with high ore grade or high value. The essence of this mining method is layered mining and layer-by-layer filling from top to bottom. The mining of each layer is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous layer. The downward layered approach cemented filling mining method is often used in the mining process. The technology is relatively mature. The workers in the mining site work under the false roof of the high-strength filling body, which has a high degree of safety. When mining unstable and relatively broken ore bodies, the safety of the workers can be well guaranteed. At the same time, the ore loss rate and depletion rate are small, which is suitable for mining high-value ore bodies. It can also realize the separation of super-rich ore, rich ore and poor ore.

[0003] Downward-entry backfill mining is an important method for mining deep, fractured ore bodies. It effectively addresses problems such as poor surrounding rock stability, support failure, and roadway roof collapse. However, each layer of down-entry backfill mining requires the construction of new stope-connecting tunnels. This slows down excavation and reduces stope circulation speed. Furthermore, this excavation generates a large amount of waste rock, increasing transportation and disposal costs. To address this issue, there is an urgent need to develop a staggered, low-waste mining method for down-entry backfill mining. This method, while ensuring safe production, can reduce the amount of stope-connecting tunnel excavation, increase stope circulation speed, and reduce waste rock production and disposal costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention discloses a low-waste layout method for the off-vein mining project of the downward approach filling mining method:

[0005] (1) The stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The middle section is divided into sections from top to bottom, and the sections are divided into five layers. Mining is carried out in layers based on the approach. Both sections and layers are mined in a top-down order.

[0006] (2) Arrange mining ramps and segmented drifts outside the footwall of the ore body. The floor elevation of the segmented drifts is the same as the floor elevation of the third layer of each segment.

[0007] (3) During the first sub-segment mining, along the strike direction of the ore body, at the right boundary of the stope, a third layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the sub-level lane of the first sub-segment to the boundary of the footwall of the ore body. In the surrounding rock of the footwall, an upward mining joint is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining joint along the strike direction of the ore body to the left boundary of the stope. The bottom plate elevation of the end of the upward mining joint is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the first layer of the first sub-segment. In the surrounding rock of the footwall, a downward mining joint is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining joint along the strike direction of the ore body to the left boundary of the stope. The bottom plate elevation of the end of the downward mining joint is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the fifth layer of the first sub-segment. The upward mining joint and the downward mining joint are staggered in plane.

[0008] (4) When the first layer of the first section is mined, the first layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the end of the upward mining joint perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field to mine the first layer; when the second layer of the first section is mined, the second layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the point in the upward mining joint at the same elevation as the second layer bottom plate of the first section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field to mine the second layer; the third layer of the first section is mined directly through the third layer flat slope mining joint to enter the mining field; when the fourth layer of the first section is mined, the fourth layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the point in the downward mining joint at the same elevation as the fourth layer bottom plate of the first section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field; when the fifth layer of the first section is mined, the fifth layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the end of the downward mining joint perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field; the second layer flat slope mining joint and the fourth layer flat slope mining joint are staggered in plane arrangement;

[0009] (5) During the second sub-level mining, along the strike direction of the ore body, at the left boundary of the stope, the third layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the sub-level level roadway of the second sub-level to the boundary of the footwall of the ore body, and in the surrounding rock of the footwall, an upward mining joint is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining joint along the strike direction of the ore body to the right boundary of the stope, and the bottom plate elevation of the end of the upward mining joint is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the first layer of the second sub-level. In the surrounding rock of the footwall, a downward mining joint is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining joint along the strike direction of the ore body to the right boundary of the stope, and the bottom plate elevation of the end of the downward mining joint is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the fifth layer of the second sub-level. The upward mining joint and the downward mining joint are staggered in plane.

[0010] (6) When the first layer of the second section is mined, the first layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the end of the upward mining joint perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field to mine the first layer; when the second layer of the second section is mined, the second layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the point in the upward mining joint at the same elevation as the second layer bottom plate of the second section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field to mine the second layer; the third layer of the second section is mined directly through the third layer flat slope mining joint to enter the mining field; when the fourth layer of the second section is mined, the fourth layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the point in the downward mining joint at the same elevation as the fourth layer bottom plate of the second section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field; when the fifth layer of the second section is mined, the fifth layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the end of the downward mining joint perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field; the second layer flat slope mining joint and the fourth layer flat slope mining joint are staggered in plane arrangement;

[0011] (7) When subsequent odd-numbered sections are mined within the middle section, the arrangement of the mining project outside the vein is the same as that of the mining project for the first section; when subsequent even-numbered sections are mined within the middle section, the arrangement of the mining project outside the vein is the same as that of the mining project for the second section.

[0012] Furthermore, when the second layer flat slope mining joint is being excavated, the excavation waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the upper part of the first layer flat slope mining joint and the upward mining joint for storage; when the fourth layer flat slope mining joint is being excavated, the excavation waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the second layer flat slope mining joint and the upward mining joint for storage; when the fifth layer flat slope mining joint is being excavated, the excavation waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the fourth layer flat slope mining joint and the upward mining joint for storage, so as to reduce the transportation and lifting amount of waste rock.

[0013] Furthermore, the height and approach size of the layer are determined comprehensively based on the engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions and original rock stress conditions of the mining area and the size of the mining and shoveling equipment used in the design.

[0014] Preferably, the minimum distance between the downward mining joint and the ore-rock boundary is 3 to 5 m, and the minimum distance between the upward mining joint and the ore-rock boundary is 9 to 12 m.

[0015] Furthermore, the slope of the upward mining link and the downward mining link is less than or equal to the maximum climbing slope of the stope mining equipment.

[0016] Furthermore, the upward mining joint and the downward mining joint can be constructed simultaneously to improve the efficiency of mining tunnel excavation and reduce the mining operation cycle time.

[0017] Beneficial effects

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention can effectively reduce the amount of excavation engineering of the connecting tunnels in the mining field, reduce the per-ton mining and excavation apportionment cost; improve the stratified mining and filling cycle speed of the mining field, and increase the production capacity of the mining field; according to the construction sequence of each stratified flat slope mining and joint, the waste rock generated by the excavation of the lower stratified flat slope mining and joint can be shoveled and loaded into the flat slope mining and joint of the upper stratified layer for storage, thereby reducing the cost of lifting, transportation and discharge of the waste rock.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view of a low-waste layout method for an off-vein mining project using a downward approach filling mining method in an embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2 In the embodiment Figure 1 AA line section view.

[0023] Figure 3 In the embodiment Figure 1 BB line cross-sectional view.

[0024] Figure 4 In the embodiment Figure 1 CC line cross-sectional view.

[0025] Figure 5 In the embodiment Figure 1 DD line cross-sectional view.

[0026] Numbers in the figure: 1-segmented level tunnel, 2-third layer level slope mining joint, 3-upward mining joint, 4-first layer level slope mining joint, 5-second layer level slope mining joint, 6-downward mining joint, 7-fourth layer level slope mining joint, 8-fifth layer level slope mining joint. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 The low-waste layout method of the downward approach filling mining method outside the vein mining project shown in the figure is the preferred solution of the present invention. The technical solution provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0029] 1) The stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, with the middle section divided into sections from top to bottom, each section divided into five layers, and mining is carried out in layers using approaches as units. Both sections and layers are mined in a top-down order; furthermore, the height of the layers and the size of the approaches are determined comprehensively based on the engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, and original rock stress conditions of the mining area, as well as the size of the designed mining and shoveling equipment.

[0030] 2) A mining ramp and segmented tunnel 1 are arranged outside the footwall vein of the ore body. The bottom plate elevation of segmented tunnel 1 is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the third layer of each segment.

[0031] 3) During first-stage mining, a third layered, flat-slope mining joint 2 is constructed from the first-stage sublevel entry 1 along the strike of the ore body at the right boundary of the stope to the ore body footwall boundary. An upward mining joint 3 is constructed in the footwall surrounding rock from the third layered, flat-slope mining joint 2 along the strike of the ore body to the left boundary of the stope. The floor elevation of the end of the upward mining joint 3 is the same as the floor elevation of the first layer of the first stage. A downward mining joint 6 is constructed in the footwall surrounding rock from the third layered, flat-slope mining joint 2 along the strike of the ore body to the left boundary of the stope. The floor elevation of the end of the downward mining joint 6 is the same as the floor elevation of the fifth layer of the first stage. The slopes of the upward mining joint 3 and the downward mining joint 6 are less than or equal to the maximum climbing slope of the stope mining equipment. The upward mining joint 3 and the downward mining joint 6 are staggered in plane, with the minimum distance of the downward mining joint 6 from the ore-rock boundary being 3 to 5 meters, and the minimum distance of the upward mining joint 3 from the ore-rock boundary being 9 to 12 meters.

[0032] 4) When the first layer of the first section is mined, the first layer flat slope mining joint 4 is constructed from the end of the upward mining joint 3 perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the stope to mine the first layer; when the second layer of the first section is mined, the second layer flat slope mining joint 5 is constructed from the upper mining joint 3 at a point with the same elevation as the second layer bottom plate of the first section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the stope to mine the second layer; the third layer of the first section is mined directly through the third layer flat slope mining joint 2 to enter the stope; when the fourth layer of the first section is mined, the fourth layer flat slope mining joint 7 is constructed from the lower mining joint 6 at a point with the same elevation as the fourth layer bottom plate of the first section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the stope; when the fifth layer of the first section is mined, the fifth layer flat slope mining joint 8 is constructed from the end of the lower mining joint 6 perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the stope; the second layer flat slope mining joint 5 and the fourth layer flat slope mining joint 7 are staggered in the plane.

[0033] 4) During the second segment mining, along the strike direction of the ore body at the left boundary of the stope, the third layer flat slope mining link 2 is constructed from the segmented level tunnel 1 of the second segment to the bottom wall boundary of the ore body, and in the surrounding rock of the bottom wall, an upward mining link 3 is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining link 2 along the strike direction of the ore body to the right boundary of the stope. The bottom plate elevation of the end of the upward mining link 3 is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the first layer of the second segment. In the surrounding rock of the bottom wall, a downward mining link 6 is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining link 2 along the strike direction of the ore body to the right boundary of the stope. The bottom plate elevation of the end of the downward mining link 6 is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the fifth layer of the second segment. The upward mining link 3 and the downward mining link 6 are staggered in the plane.

[0034] 5) When the first layer of the second section is mined, the first layer flat slope mining joint 4 is constructed from the end of the upward mining joint 3 perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the stope to mine the first layer; when the second layer of the second section is mined, the second layer flat slope mining joint 5 is constructed from the upper mining joint 3 at a point with the same elevation as the second layer bottom plate of the second section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the stope to mine the second layer; the third layer of the second section is mined directly through the third layer flat slope mining joint 2 to enter the stope; when the fourth layer of the second section is mined, the fourth layer flat slope mining joint 7 is constructed from the lower mining joint 6 at a point with the same elevation as the fourth layer bottom plate of the second section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the stope; when the fifth layer of the second section is mined, the fifth layer flat slope mining joint 8 is constructed from the end of the lower mining joint 6 perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the stope; the second layer flat slope mining joint 5 and the fourth layer flat slope mining joint 7 are staggered in plane.

[0035] 6) When subsequent odd-numbered sections are mined within the middle section, the arrangement of the mining project outside the vein is the same as that of the mining project for the first section; when subsequent even-numbered sections are mined within the middle section, the arrangement of the mining project outside the vein is the same as that of the mining project for the second section.

[0036] When the second layer flat slope mining joint 5 is being excavated, the excavated waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the upper part of the first layer flat slope mining joint 4 and the upward mining joint 3 for storage. When the fourth layer flat slope mining joint 7 is being excavated, the excavated waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the second layer flat slope mining joint 5 and the upward mining joint 3 for storage. When the fifth layer flat slope mining joint 8 is being excavated, the excavated waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the fourth layer flat slope mining joint 7 and the upward mining joint 3 for storage, so as to reduce the transportation and lifting amount of waste rock.

[0037] Furthermore, the upward mining joint 3 and the downward mining joint 6 can be constructed simultaneously to improve the efficiency of mining tunnel excavation and reduce the mining operation cycle time.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-waste layout method for a down-hole filling mining method for a vein-outside mining project, characterized by: (1) The stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The middle section is divided into sections from top to bottom, and the sections are divided into five layers. Mining is carried out in layers based on the approach. Both sections and layers are mined in a top-down order. (2) Arrange mining ramps and segmented drifts outside the footwall of the ore body. The floor elevation of the segmented drifts is the same as the floor elevation of the third layer of each segment. (3) During the first sub-segment mining, along the strike direction of the ore body, at the right boundary of the stope, a third layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the sub-level lane of the first sub-segment to the boundary of the footwall of the ore body. In the surrounding rock of the footwall, an upward mining joint is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining joint along the strike direction of the ore body to the left boundary of the stope. The bottom plate elevation of the end of the upward mining joint is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the first layer of the first sub-segment. In the surrounding rock of the footwall, a downward mining joint is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining joint along the strike direction of the ore body to the left boundary of the stope. The bottom plate elevation of the end of the downward mining joint is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the fifth layer of the first sub-segment. The upward mining joint and the downward mining joint are staggered in plane. (4) When the first layer of the first section is mined, the first layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the end of the upward mining joint perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field to mine the first layer; when the second layer of the first section is mined, the second layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the point in the upward mining joint at the same elevation as the second layer bottom plate of the first section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field to mine the second layer; the third layer of the first section is mined directly through the third layer flat slope mining joint to enter the mining field; when the fourth layer of the first section is mined, the fourth layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the point in the downward mining joint at the same elevation as the fourth layer bottom plate of the first section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field; when the fifth layer of the first section is mined, the fifth layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the end of the downward mining joint perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field; the second layer flat slope mining joint and the fourth layer flat slope mining joint are staggered in plane arrangement; (5) During the second sub-level mining, along the strike direction of the ore body, at the left boundary of the stope, the third layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the sub-level level roadway of the second sub-level to the boundary of the footwall of the ore body, and in the surrounding rock of the footwall, an upward mining joint is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining joint along the strike direction of the ore body to the right boundary of the stope, and the bottom plate elevation of the end of the upward mining joint is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the first layer of the second sub-level. In the surrounding rock of the footwall, a downward mining joint is constructed from the third layer flat slope mining joint along the strike direction of the ore body to the right boundary of the stope, and the bottom plate elevation of the end of the downward mining joint is the same as the bottom plate elevation of the fifth layer of the second sub-level. The upward mining joint and the downward mining joint are staggered in plane. (6) When the first layer of the second section is mined, the first layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the end of the upward mining joint perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field to mine the first layer; when the second layer of the second section is mined, the second layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the point in the upward mining joint at the same elevation as the second layer bottom plate of the second section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field to mine the second layer; the third layer of the second section is mined directly through the third layer flat slope mining joint to enter the mining field; when the fourth layer of the second section is mined, the fourth layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the point in the downward mining joint at the same elevation as the fourth layer bottom plate of the second section perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field; when the fifth layer of the second section is mined, the fifth layer flat slope mining joint is constructed from the end of the downward mining joint perpendicular to the ore body strike to the ore-rock boundary and into the mining field; the second layer flat slope mining joint and the fourth layer flat slope mining joint are staggered in plane arrangement; (7) When subsequent odd-numbered sections are mined within the middle section, the arrangement of the mining project outside the vein is the same as that of the mining project for the first section; when subsequent even-numbered sections are mined within the middle section, the arrangement of the mining project outside the vein is the same as that of the mining project for the second section.

2. The low-waste layout method for the down-hole filling mining method of claim 1 is characterized by: When the second layer flat slope mining joint is being excavated, the excavated waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the upper part of the first layer flat slope mining joint and the upward mining joint for storage. When the fourth layer flat slope mining joint is being excavated, the excavated waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the second layer flat slope mining joint and the upward mining joint for storage. When the fifth layer flat slope mining joint is being excavated, the excavated waste rock is shoveled by a scraper to the fourth layer flat slope mining joint and the upward mining joint for storage, so as to reduce the transportation and lifting amount of waste rock.

3. The low-waste layout method for the down-hole filling mining method of claim 1 is characterized by: The height of the layer and the size of the approach are determined comprehensively based on the engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions and original rock stress conditions of the mining area and the size of the mining and shoveling equipment used in the design.

4. The low-waste layout method for a down-hole filling mining project according to claim 1 is characterized by: The minimum distance between the downward mining joint and the ore-rock boundary is 3 to 5 meters, and the minimum distance between the upward mining joint and the ore-rock boundary is 9 to 12 meters.

5. The low-waste layout method for the down-hole filling mining method of claim 1 is characterized by: The slopes of the upward mining link and the downward mining link are less than or equal to the maximum climbing slope of the stope mining equipment.

6. The low-waste layout method for the down-hole filling mining method of claim 1 is characterized by: The upward mining joint and the downward mining joint can be constructed simultaneously to improve the efficiency of mining tunnel excavation and reduce the mining operation cycle time.

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