A speed reducer structure with a disengaging mechanism and a vehicle

Abstract

A speed reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism comprises a motor (1), a speed reduction mechanism (3), an output mechanism (4), a disengagement mechanism (5) and a housing (6); the speed reduction mechanism (3) comprises a sun gear (31), a plurality of double-linked planetary gears (32), a ring gear (33), a planetary shaft (34) and a planetary carrier (35); a motor shaft (2) of the motor (1) is connected to the sun gear (31), the sun gear (31) is meshed with a large gear (321) of the double-linked planetary gears (32), and the double-linked planetary gears (32) are meshed with each other. The coupled planetary gear (32) is sleeved on the planetary shaft (34), the planetary shaft (34) is connected to the planetary carrier (35), the planetary carrier (35) and the housing (6) are integrally formed, and the pinion (322) of the double-coupled planetary gear (32) is meshed with the ring gear (33); the disengagement mechanism (5) is arranged between the housing (6) and the ring gear (33), and the disengagement mechanism (5) is used to achieve the transmission of motor power through the output mechanism (4) or power disengagement by braking or loosening the ring gear (33). The device has a compact structure and good portability, can be disengaged from the power of the entire vehicle, saves power consumption and increases the cruising range. A vehicle is also disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of automobile power transmission systems, in particular to a speed reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism and an automobile. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the new energy industry, the research and development of pure electric vehicles is becoming increasingly important. As a key component of new energy vehicles, the electric drive system is crucial to product competitiveness.

[0003] Currently, most electric vehicle reducers on the market are parallel-axis reducers, lacking a power disconnect mechanism from the vehicle's powertrain. Starting and stopping the vehicle relies solely on the electric motor. Parallel-axis reducers also require a large layout space and have limited portability.

[0004] Existing reducer structures with power disengagement function often require complex control execution systems to control motor power disengagement, such as complex electronic or hydraulic control systems, which are costly and slow in system response. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the reducer structure of the electric vehicle in the prior art is complex, occupies a large space and has no disconnection function for the power of the whole vehicle.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems and address the deficiencies and defects of the prior art, the present application provides a reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism, comprising a motor, a reduction mechanism, an output mechanism, a disengagement mechanism, and a housing; the reduction mechanism comprises a sun gear, a plurality of double-linked planetary gears, a ring gear, a planetary shaft, and a planetary carrier;

[0007] The motor shaft of the motor is connected to the sun gear, the sun gear is meshed with the large gear of the double planetary gear, the double planetary gear is sleeved on the planetary shaft, the planetary shaft is connected to the planetary carrier, the planetary carrier and the housing are integrally formed, and the pinion of the double planetary gear is meshed with the ring gear;

[0008] The disengagement mechanism is provided between the housing and the ring gear, and is used to achieve transmission of motor power through the output mechanism or power disengagement by braking or releasing the ring gear;

[0009] Furthermore, the output mechanism includes an output shaft and a differential assembly, the output shaft is coaxially arranged in the motor shaft, the output shaft is connected to the differential assembly, and the differential assembly is connected to the planet carrier.

[0010] Furthermore, the disengaging mechanism includes an outer ring and an inner ring, the outer ring is connected to the housing, and the inner ring is connected to the gear ring, and the disengaging mechanism is a multi-mode clutch.

[0011] Furthermore, the disengagement mechanism has four states: separation, one-way locking I, one-way locking II and two-way locking;

[0012] When the disengagement mechanism is disengaged, the ring gear is free to rotate relative to the housing;

[0013] When the disengagement mechanism is in one-way locking I, the gear ring is locked relative to the housing in the driving force direction and opens in the reverse drag force direction;

[0014] When the disengagement mechanism is in one-way locking II, the gear ring opens relative to the housing in the driving force direction and is locked in the reverse drag force direction;

[0015] When the disengaging mechanism is bidirectionally locked, the ring gear is locked relative to the housing in both the driving force direction and the reverse drag force direction.

[0016] Furthermore, the states of the reducer structure include driving mode, disengaging mode, reverse mode, vehicle braking energy recovery mode and parking mode;

[0017] When the state is in the driving mode, the motor drives the rotation direction to perform work, the disengagement mechanism is one-way locked I or two-way locked, the ring gear is fixed relative to the housing, the motor power is input from the sun gear, is reduced by the double planetary gear, and is output through the planetary carrier and the output mechanism;

[0018] When the state is in the disengagement mode, the motor does not operate, the disengagement mechanism is one-way locked I or disengaged, and the output shaft and the differential assembly are rotated due to the inertia of the vehicle. The inner ring of the disengagement mechanism is subjected to a reverse drag force, and drives the ring gear to rotate relative to the housing in the reverse drag force direction;

[0019] When the state is reverse gear mode, the motor performs work in the reverse rotation direction, the disengagement mechanism is bidirectionally locked or unidirectionally locked II, the ring gear is fixed relative to the housing, the motor power is input from the sun gear, is reduced by the double planetary gear, and is output through the planetary carrier and the output mechanism;

[0020] When the state is the vehicle braking energy recovery mode, the motor generates electricity, and due to the inertia of the vehicle, the output shaft and the differential assembly are driven to rotate, the disengagement mechanism is bidirectionally locked or unidirectionally locked II, and the ring gear is fixed relative to the housing;

[0021] When the state is the vehicle parking mode, the rotor of the motor is fixed by the parking mechanism, the disengagement mechanism is bidirectionally locked, and the ring gear is fixed relative to the housing.

[0022] Furthermore, the motor, the reduction mechanism, the disengagement mechanism and the output mechanism are coaxially arranged on the output shaft.

[0023] Furthermore, the motor includes a motor shaft, a stator and a rotor, the stator is fixed on the housing, the rotor is connected to the motor shaft, and the motor shaft is a hollow shaft.

[0024] Furthermore, the sun gear is key-connected or welded to the motor shaft, or the sun gear and the motor shaft are integrally formed.

[0025] Furthermore, the double planetary gear is sleeved on the planetary shaft via a transmission bearing.

[0026] The present application also provides a car, comprising wheels and the reducer structure, wherein the motor power provides power to the entire vehicle and drives the wheels through the reduction mechanism and the output mechanism.

[0027] The implementation of the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The present invention adopts a single planetary gear, a double planetary gear mechanism, the motor power input and output are coaxial, the planetary carrier and the reducer housing are designed as one, the structure is compact, the size of the reducer is greatly reduced, the loadability is good, and the versatility is high.

[0029] (2) The present invention uses a multi-mode clutch as a disengagement mechanism, which can control the unidirectional rotation of the ring gear in both the forward and reverse directions. When the motor power is disconnected, the disengagement mechanism can be synchronized with the output mechanism and the front / rear axle of the vehicle to achieve disengagement. The disengagement function response time is essentially zero. When reverse driving or reverse charging is required, the multi-mode clutch can also be used to achieve this, which can reduce the energy loss caused by the reverse motor, save electricity consumption, and increase the cruising range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or descriptions of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a reducer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of some details of the reducer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure correspond to: 1-motor, 11-stator, 12-rotor, 2-motor shaft, 3-reduction mechanism, 31-sun gear, 32-double planetary gear, 321-large gear, 322-small gear, 33-ring gear, 34-planetary shaft, 35-planet carrier, 4-output mechanism, 41-output shaft, 42-differential assembly, 5-disengagement mechanism, 51-outer ring, 52-inner ring, 6-housing, 7-bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0036] Furthermore, in the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0037] It should be noted that the rear axle arrangement of common vehicle reducers can meet the needs of the entire vehicle for starting and overtaking conditions, achieving vehicle-wide assist, greatly improving the vehicle's power. However, reducers with a rear axle arrangement without a disengagement mechanism have a drag torque when the rear axle is not used as a power drive, which seriously affects the vehicle's power consumption and causes the reducer's back-dragging noise. Therefore, this application provides an efficient first-speed reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism. Through the disengagement mechanism, the vehicle can achieve mechanical automatic disengagement under stable operating conditions, preventing the motor from rotating to reduce losses.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present application provides a reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism, including a motor 1, a reduction mechanism 3, an output mechanism 4, a disengagement mechanism 5 and a housing 6; the reduction mechanism 3 includes a sun gear 31, a plurality of double planetary gears 32, a ring gear 33, a planetary shaft 34 and a planetary carrier 35;

[0040] The motor shaft 2 of the motor 1 is connected to the sun gear 31, and the sun gear 31 is meshed with the large gear 321 of the double planetary gear 32. The double planetary gear 32 is sleeved on the planetary shaft 34, and the planetary shaft 34 is connected to the planetary carrier 35. The planetary carrier 35 is integrally formed with the housing 6, and the small gear 322 of the double planetary gear 32 is meshed with the ring gear 33.

[0041] The disengagement mechanism 5 is provided between the housing 6 and the ring gear 33 , and is used to brake or release the ring gear 33 to achieve transmission of motor power through the output mechanism 4 or power disengagement;

[0042] The output mechanism 4 includes an output shaft 41 and a differential assembly 42 . The motor shaft 2 is a hollow shaft. The output shaft 41 is coaxially arranged inside the motor shaft 2 . The output shaft 41 is connected to the differential assembly 42 , and the differential assembly 42 is connected to the planet carrier 35 .

[0043] Specifically, the disengagement mechanism 5 includes an outer ring 51 (not shown) and an inner ring 52 (not shown). The outer ring 51 is connected to the housing 6, and the inner ring 52 is connected to the ring gear 33. The disengagement mechanism 5 is a multi-mode clutch. In this embodiment, the ring gear can be fixedly connected to the inner ring of the multi-mode clutch by a key connection, welding, or integral molding. The multi-mode clutch of this application is lower in cost than traditional multi-plate friction brakes and has a simpler and more convenient control method.

[0044] Specifically, the disengagement mechanism 5 has four states: separation, one-way locking I, one-way locking II and two-way locking;

[0045] When the disengagement mechanism 5 is in the disengaged state, the ring gear 33 is free to rotate relative to the housing 6;

[0046] When the state of the disengagement mechanism 5 is one-way locking I, the gear ring 33 is locked relative to the housing 6 in the driving force direction and is opened in the reverse drag force direction;

[0047] When the state of the disengagement mechanism 5 is one-way locking II, the gear ring 33 opens relative to the housing 6 in the driving force direction and is locked in the reverse drag force direction;

[0048] When the state of the disengagement mechanism 5 is bidirectional locking, the ring gear 33 is locked relative to the housing 6 in both the driving force direction and the reverse drag force direction.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the multi-mode clutch disengagement mechanism can be used to control the ring gear to rotate independently in both rotation directions relative to the housing, or to rotate in one direction, or to rotate independently in opposite directions. The driving force direction is the direction of power transmission when the reducer structure drives the vehicle in the forward direction, and the reverse force direction is the transmission direction of the reducer structure when the motor is not working and due to the inertia of the vehicle, it drags the reducer structure in the reverse direction.

[0050] Specifically, the states of the speed reducer structure include driving mode, disengaging mode, reverse mode, vehicle braking energy recovery mode and parking mode;

[0051] When the state is the driving mode, the motor 1 drives the rotation direction to perform work, the disengagement mechanism 5 is one-way locked I or two-way locked, the ring gear 33 is fixed relative to the housing 6, the motor power is input from the sun gear 31, decelerated by the double planetary gear 32, and output through the planetary carrier 35 and the output mechanism 4.

[0052] When the state is the disengagement mode, the motor 1 does not work, the disengagement mechanism 5 is one-way locked I or disengaged, and the vehicle inertia drives the output shaft 41 and the differential assembly 42 to rotate. The inner ring 52 of the disengagement mechanism 5 is subjected to a reverse drag force, and drives the ring gear 33 to rotate relative to the housing 6 in the reverse drag force direction.

[0053] When the state is reverse gear mode, the motor 1 performs work in the reverse rotation direction, the disengagement mechanism 5 is bidirectionally locked or unidirectionally locked II, the ring gear 33 is fixed relative to the housing 6, and the motor power is input from the sun gear 31, decelerated by the double planetary gear 32, and output through the planetary carrier 35 and the output mechanism 4.

[0054] When the state is the vehicle braking energy recovery mode, the motor 1 generates electricity, and the vehicle inertia drives the output shaft 41 and the differential assembly 42 to rotate, the disengagement mechanism 5 is bidirectionally locked or unidirectionally locked II, and the ring gear 33 is fixed relative to the housing 6.

[0055] When the state is the parking mode, the rotor 12 of the motor is fixed by the parking mechanism, the disengagement mechanism 5 is bidirectionally locked, and the ring gear 33 is fixed relative to the housing 6 .

[0056] Specifically, the motor 1 , the reduction mechanism 3 , the disengagement mechanism 5 and the output mechanism 4 are coaxially arranged on the output shaft 41 .

[0057] Specifically, the motor 1 includes a motor shaft 2, a stator 11, and a rotor 12. The stator 11 is fixed to the housing 6, and the rotor 12 is connected to the motor shaft 2. In this embodiment, the motor shaft 2 is a hollow shaft, and bearings 7 are respectively provided between the ends of the motor shaft 2 and the housing 6 to enable the motor rotor and the motor shaft to rotate relative to the motor stator and the housing.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the housing 6 comprises a housing connected to the motor stator, a housing for the reduction mechanism, and a planetary carrier. The housing 6 is an integrally formed housing of the same reducer structure. Bearings are also provided at the front and rear ends of the planetary carrier, i.e., the housing for the reduction mechanism, to enable the housing to rotate.

[0059] Specifically, the sun gear 31 is key-connected or welded to the motor shaft 2 , or the sun gear 31 and the motor shaft 2 are integrally formed.

[0060] Specifically, the double planetary gear 32 is sleeved on the planetary shaft 34 via a transmission bearing. In some embodiments, the transmission bearing can be a needle bearing.

[0061] The present application also provides an electric vehicle, comprising wheels and the reducer structure, wherein the motor power provides power to the entire vehicle and drives the wheels through the reduction mechanism 3 and the output mechanism 4.

[0062] The reducer structure of the present application is a first-gear, high-efficiency reducer with a disengagement mechanism. The reducer structure has a first-gear drive mode, the motor power input and output are coaxially designed, and a single planetary gear structure is adopted. The planetary gears are double-linked planetary gears, with a sun gear input and a planetary carrier output. A multi-mode clutch is arranged on the ring gear. Through the multi-mode clutch, the rotation and fixation of the ring gear can be controlled to realize the power disengagement function, that is, the motor power and output structure are disengaged from the power of the front / rear axle of the vehicle. The disengagement function can be applied to one pair of powertrains in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Under stable operating conditions, the vehicle can achieve mechanical automatic disengagement to stop the motor from rotating to reduce motor wear.

[0063] This application uses a multi-mode clutch as the disengagement mechanism, which can control the unidirectional rotation of the ring gear in both forward and reverse directions. When the motor power is disconnected, the disengagement mechanism can be synchronized with the wheel, and the disengagement function response time is essentially zero. When reverse driving or reverse charging is required, the multi-mode clutch can also be used to achieve this, which can reduce the energy loss caused by the reverse motor, save electricity, and increase the driving range.

[0064] The motor housing, planetary carrier and reducer housing of the present application are designed as an integrated whole, with a compact structure, which greatly reduces the size of the reducer, has good portability and high versatility.

[0065] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a motor (1), a reduction mechanism (3), an output mechanism (4), a disengagement mechanism (5) and a housing (6); the reduction mechanism (3) comprises a sun gear (31), a plurality of double-linked planetary gears (32), a ring gear (33), a planetary shaft (34) and a planetary carrier (35); The motor shaft (2) of the motor (1) is connected to the sun gear (31), the sun gear (31) is meshed with the large gear (321) of the double planetary gear (32), the double planetary gear (32) is sleeved on the planetary shaft (34), the planetary shaft (34) is connected to the planetary carrier (35), the planetary carrier (35) and the housing (6) are integrally formed, and the small gear (322) of the double planetary gear (32) is meshed with the ring gear (33); The disengagement mechanism (5) is arranged between the housing (6) and the ring gear (33), and the disengagement mechanism (5) is used to achieve the transmission of motor power through the output mechanism (4) or power disengagement by braking or releasing the ring gear (33); The disengagement mechanism (5) has four states: separation, one-way locking I, one-way locking II and two-way locking; When the disengaging mechanism (5) is disengaged, the ring gear (33) is free to rotate relative to the housing (6); When the disengagement mechanism (5) is in one-way locking I, the gear ring (33) is locked relative to the housing (6) in the driving force direction and is opened in the reverse drag force direction; When the disengagement mechanism (5) is in one-way locking II, the gear ring (33) opens relative to the housing (6) in the driving force direction and is locked in the reverse drag force direction; When the disengaging mechanism (5) is bidirectionally locked, the gear ring (33) is locked relative to the housing (6) in both the driving force direction and the reverse drag force direction.

2. A reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output mechanism (4) includes an output shaft (41) and a differential assembly (42); The output shaft (41) is coaxially arranged in the motor shaft (2), the output shaft (41) is connected to the differential assembly (42), and the differential assembly (42) is connected to the planet carrier (35).

3. A reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disengagement mechanism (5) comprises an outer ring (51) and an inner ring (52); The outer ring (51) is connected to the housing (6), the inner ring (52) is connected to the gear ring (33), and the disengagement mechanism (5) is a multi-mode clutch.

4. A reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The states of the speed reducer structure include driving mode, disengaging mode, reverse mode, vehicle braking energy recovery mode and parking mode; When the state is in the driving mode, the motor (1) drives the rotation direction to perform work, the disengagement mechanism (5) is in one-way locking I or two-way locking, the ring gear (33) is fixed relative to the housing (6), the motor power is input from the sun gear (31), decelerated by the double planetary gear (32), and output through the planet carrier (35) and the output mechanism (4); When the state is the disengagement mode, the motor (1) does not work, the disengagement mechanism (5) is one-way locked I or separated, and the output shaft (41) and the differential assembly (42) are driven to rotate by the inertia of the vehicle, and the inner ring (52) of the disengagement mechanism (5) is subjected to a reverse drag force, and drives the ring gear (33) to rotate relative to the housing (6) in the reverse drag force direction; When the state is in reverse gear mode, the motor (1) performs work in the reverse rotation direction, the disengagement mechanism (5) is bidirectionally locked or unidirectionally locked II, the ring gear (33) is fixed relative to the housing (6), the motor power is input from the sun gear (31), decelerated by the double planetary gear (32), and output through the planetary carrier (35) and the output mechanism (4); When the state is the vehicle braking energy recovery mode, the motor (1) generates electricity, and due to the inertia of the vehicle, the output shaft (41) and the differential assembly (42) are driven to rotate, the disengagement mechanism (5) is bidirectionally locked or unidirectionally locked II, and the ring gear (33) is fixed relative to the housing (6); When the state is the vehicle parking mode, the rotor (12) of the motor is fixed by the parking mechanism, the disengagement mechanism (5) is bidirectionally locked, and the ring gear (33) is fixed relative to the housing (6).

5. The reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The motor (1), the speed reduction mechanism (3), the disengaging mechanism (5) and the output mechanism (4) are coaxially arranged on the output shaft (41).

6. The reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor (1) comprises a motor shaft (2), a stator (11) and a rotor (12); the stator (11) is fixed on the housing (6); the rotor (12) is connected to the motor shaft (2); and the motor shaft (2) is a hollow shaft.

7. The reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sun gear (31) and the motor shaft (2) are key-connected, welded, or the sun gear (31) and the motor shaft (2) are integrally formed.

8. The reducer structure with a disengagement mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double planetary gear (32) is sleeved on the planetary shaft (34) via a transmission bearing.

9. An automobile, characterized in that: The invention comprises a wheel and a reducer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the motor power provides power to the entire vehicle and drives the wheel through the reduction mechanism (3) and the output mechanism (4).

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