A broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure and its application

Abstract

The present invention relates to a broadband ventilation and soundproofing window unit structure, comprising an internal spiral blade, a hollow tube, an outer shell, and an end-blocking plate. The internal spiral blade is fixed to the outside of the hollow tube. The end-blocking plate is provided with a through hole that matches the aperture of the hollow tube and is coaxial with the hollow tube. The end-blocking plate is fixed to one end of the hollow tube and connected to the internal spiral blade. The outer shell is sleeved on the outside of the internal spiral blade. The end of the hollow tube near the end-blocking plate is provided with a connecting opening that connects the inner and outer cavities of the hollow tube. Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the advantages of broadband sound insulation and excellent ventilation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of noise control equipment, and in particular to a broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional acoustic barriers designed to isolate noise will also hinder the transmission of airflow. However, there are also certain situations where noise needs to be controlled while allowing airflow to pass through. For example, the novel environmentally friendly building design concept of ventilated soundproof windows advocated by modern green buildings. However, traditional ventilation windows usually use active noise reduction as a solution, by installing fans to provide effective air circulation indoors, but this consumes more energy while also bringing new noise sources. Newer ventilation windows usually adopt a winding airflow path design, such as Chinese patent CN2736679Y which involves a silencer ventilator that uses an absorbing lining (porous sound-absorbing material or perforated plate sound absorber) to ensure sufficient sound attenuation, but the winding channel design cannot maintain sufficient free airflow.

[0003] Metasurfaces, due to their small size, have become a promising tool of choice and a research area attracting increasing attention. They demonstrate unparalleled capabilities in controlling wave-matter interactions at the subwavelength level, possessing a vast array of unique capabilities, such as anomalous transmission and reflection, compact absorption, holographic rendering, and novel acoustic topologies. Their ultrathin structural properties make them ideal candidates for achieving efficient sound insulation within compact dimensions, with acoustic open metasurfaces offering an effective solution for the design of acoustic ventilated windows. Unlike traditional ventilated windows, these designs based on acoustic metasurfaces exhibit a novel appearance: thin, hollow, sculpted panels composed of periodically arranged, artificially open cells.

[0004] However, these units are individually designed and then assembled into specific patterns, consisting of the "local" gradient phase shifts provided by the units. This local strategy means that the mutual coupling between units is ignored, which limits the efficiency of the target sound control, especially in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure and its application in order to overcome the defect of the above-mentioned prior art that ignores the mutual coupling between units, which limits the efficiency of target sound control, especially in complex environments.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure comprises an inner spiral sheet, a hollow tube, an outer shell and an end closing plate;

[0008] The internal spiral sheet is fixed to the outside of the hollow tube, and the end closing plate is provided with a through hole that matches the aperture of the hollow tube. The through hole is coaxially arranged with the hollow tube. The end closing plate is fixed to one end of the hollow tube and connected to the internal spiral sheet. The outer shell is sleeved on the outside of the internal spiral sheet. The end of the hollow tube close to the end closing plate is provided with a connecting opening, and the connecting opening connects the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the hollow tube.

[0009] Preferably, the communication opening is an arc opening coaxial with the hollow tube.

[0010] Preferably, there are multiple communication openings.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the hollow tube is equal to the thickness of the inner spiral flight.

[0012] Preferably, the spatial distribution function of the internal spiral sheet is expressed as:

[0013] x=A*cos(θ)

[0014] y=Pθ / 2π

[0015] z=A*sin(θ)

[0016] Where A∈(d / 2,R / 2) represents the radial spatial parameter of the spiral blade, d represents the outer diameter of the hollow tube, R represents the unit diameter, P represents the pitch of the internal spiral blade, θ∈(0,2πH / P) represents the circumferential spatial parameter of the spiral blade, H represents the total thickness of the sound insulation window unit, x, y represents the radial dimension of the spiral blade, and z represents the axial dimension of the spiral blade.

[0017] Preferably, the hollow tube is a rigid cylindrical hollow tube.

[0018] Preferably, the housing is an annular housing.

[0019] This solution also provides a broadband sound barrier based on a broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure, wherein the broadband sound barrier comprises a plurality of broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structures, and the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structures are evenly spliced ​​in a basic manner.

[0020] Preferably, the broadband sound barrier comprises a plurality of square frames uniformly spliced ​​in a basic manner, each square frame is embedded with a broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure, and the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure is transitionally matched with the square frame.

[0021] Preferably, the broadband sound barrier comprises a plurality of solid cubes with the same size 14 / cylinder cut off from the four corners, which are evenly spliced ​​in a basic manner. The broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure is embedded in each solid cube, and the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure is transitionally matched with the solid cube.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. The present invention utilizes the nonlocality of the metasurface to achieve bandwidth enhancement, adjust the transmission spectrum, and construct a broadband ventilation and sound insulation structure. The hollow tube is designed to leave a path for direct air circulation, avoiding the problem that traditional ventilation and sound insulation windows are usually composed of sound-absorbing materials or sound-absorbing structures laid in tortuous ventilation ducts, which increases flow resistance and is far inferior to the ventilation effect of direct ventilation paths.

[0024] The present invention achieves a sound insulation effect through the synergistic effect of radiation coupling and direct coupling. Analysis of the energy transmission spectrum proves that it can break through the limitations of a narrow operating frequency range and is also applicable to obliquely incident sound waves at different angles, greatly expanding the scope of application of the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure based on the synergistic effect of radiation coupling and direct coupling.

[0025] 2. This solution breaks the structural limitations of traditional ventilation and soundproof windows by utilizing high-frequency eigenmodes and introducing a rigid wall at the rear end of the spiral area. By combining this spiral structure with the physical opening of the hollow tube that allows energy to flow through, the distribution of the transmitted wave modes is adjusted to achieve effective broadband sound isolation.

[0026] 3. The present invention has a simple structure. By adjusting the pitch of the spiral blades and the size and angle of the opening, the structure can achieve efficient energy loss and interference in the corresponding frequency band to achieve a broadband sound insulation effect in a specific frequency band. It can be confirmed that a sample with a thickness of 5 cm (~λ / 10) can effectively isolate 90% of the incident sound wave energy in all directions within the frequency range of 600Hz-1900Hz. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the external structure of the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 An energy band structure diagram of the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the energy transmission curve of the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is an energy transmission curve diagram of the experimental test of the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6Energy transmission coefficient curves of the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure provided by the present invention with oblique incident sound waves at angles of 0°, 30° and 60°;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a combined sound barrier designed with a broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure as a basic unit provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of another combined sound barrier structure provided by the present invention, which is composed of the broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure of the present invention;

[0035] In the figure, 1. internal spiral sheet, 2. hollow tube, 3. outer shell, 4. end closing plate, 5. connecting opening, 6. broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure, 7. square frame, 8. ventilation area, 9. solid cube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0037] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0041] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not necessarily mean that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment provides a broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, it includes an inner spiral sheet 1, a hollow tube 2, an outer shell 3 and an end closing plate 4;

[0044] The internal spiral sheet 1 is fixed to the outside of the hollow tube 2, and the end closing plate 4 is provided with a through hole that matches the aperture of the hollow tube 2. The through hole is coaxially arranged with the hollow tube 2. The end closing plate 4 is fixed to one end of the hollow tube 2 and connected to the internal spiral sheet 1. The outer shell 3 is sleeved on the outside of the internal spiral sheet 1. A connecting opening 5 is provided at one end of the hollow tube 2 close to the end closing plate 4. The connecting opening 5 connects the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the hollow tube 2.

[0045] The non-locality of the metasurface is used to achieve bandwidth enhancement, adjust the transmission spectrum, and construct a broadband ventilation and sound insulation structure. The hollow tube is designed to leave a path for direct air circulation, avoiding the problem that traditional ventilation and sound insulation windows are usually composed of sound-absorbing materials or sound-absorbing structures laid in tortuous ventilation ducts, which increases flow resistance and is far inferior to the ventilation effect of direct ventilation paths.

[0046] The present invention achieves a sound insulation effect through the synergistic effect of radiation coupling and direct coupling. Analysis of the energy transmission spectrum proves that it can break through the limitations of a narrow operating frequency range and is also applicable to obliquely incident sound waves at different angles, greatly expanding the scope of application of the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure based on the synergistic effect of radiation coupling and direct coupling.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the communication opening 5 is a circular arc opening coaxial with the hollow tube 2. There are multiple communication openings 5. The thickness of the hollow tube 2 is equal to the thickness of the internal spiral sheet 1.

[0048] Specifically, the spatial distribution function of the inner spiral sheet 1 is expressed as:

[0049] x=A*cos(θ)

[0050] y=Pθ / 2π

[0051] z=A*sin(θ)

[0052] Where A∈(d / 2,R / 2) represents the radial spatial parameter of the spiral blade, d represents the outer diameter of the hollow tube, R represents the unit diameter, P represents the pitch of the internal spiral blade, θ∈(0,2πH / P) represents the circumferential spatial parameter of the spiral blade, H represents the total thickness of the sound insulation window unit, x, y represents the radial dimension of the spiral blade, and z represents the axial dimension of the spiral blade.

[0053] Specifically, the hollow tube 2 is a rigid cylindrical hollow tube, and the outer shell 3 is an annular outer shell.

[0054] The structure of the broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit is simple. By adjusting the pitch of the spiral blades and the size and angle of the opening, the structure can achieve efficient energy loss and interference in the corresponding frequency band to achieve a broadband sound insulation effect in a specific frequency band. It can be confirmed that a sample with a thickness of 5 cm (~λ / 10) can effectively block 90% of the incident sound wave energy in all directions within the frequency range of 600Hz-1900Hz.

[0055] This embodiment also provides a broadband sound barrier based on a broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure. The broadband sound barrier includes multiple broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structures 6. The broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structures 6 are evenly spliced ​​in a basic manner.

[0056] Preferably, if Figure 7 As shown, the broadband sound barrier includes a plurality of square frames 7 evenly spliced ​​in a basic manner, each square frame 7 is embedded with a broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure 6, and the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure 6 is transitionally matched with the square frame 7.

[0057] Preferably, if Figure 8 As shown, the broadband sound barrier includes a plurality of solid cubes 9 with 1 / 4 cylinders of the same size cut off from the four corners, which are evenly spliced ​​in a basic manner. A broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure 6 is embedded in each solid cube 9, and the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure 6 is transitionally matched with the solid cube 9.

[0058] By utilizing high-frequency eigenmodes and introducing a rigid wall at the rear end of the spiral region, the structural limitations of traditional ventilation and soundproof windows are overcome. By combining this spiral structure with the physical opening of the hollow tube that allows energy to flow through, the distribution of the transmitted wave modes is adjusted, achieving effective broadband sound isolation.

[0059] More specifically, this embodiment provides a broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure, which is realized based on the synergistic effect of direct coupling and radiation coupling, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown, the structure includes an internal spiral sheet 1, a hollow tube 2 with an opening, and an outer shell 3. The hollow tube 2 is a rigid cylindrical hollow tube, the outer wall of which is fixedly connected to the internal spiral sheet 1 and the end closing plate 4. The outer edge of the internal spiral sheet 1 is sheathed with the outer shell 3, which is an annular outer shell.

[0060] The outer diameter of the hollow tube 2 with an opening is d, the wall thickness is t, the outer wall is fixed with an end closing plate 4, and is connected to the shell 3 through the end closing plate 4. The opening 5 is located at the junction with the end closing plate, and the opening height is h.

[0061] The internal spiral sheet 1 has a pitch of P and a thickness of t. The spatial distribution is represented by a parametric equation. Taking the end of the structure as the initial position (when the parameter value is 0), the opening 5 is divided into two parts, the upper and lower parts, and the angles of the two parts of the opening are set to α and β respectively. The parametric equation for the spatial distribution of the internal spiral sheet 1 is as follows:

[0062] x=A*cos(θ)

[0063] y=Pθ / 2π

[0064] z=A*sin(θ)

[0065] A∈(d / 2,R / 2),θ∈(0,2πH / P)

[0066] In summary, the direct coupling effect of opening 5, combined with the radiative coupling from the spiral channel, provides significant acoustic isolation. The structure of the spiral 1 and the opening is clearly designed, so each has its own role (affecting the coupling strength), and together they provide excellent sound insulation across a wide frequency range.

[0067] The spiral structure offers considerable flexibility in adjusting its acoustic properties. The opening area is the primary factor controlling the strength of direct coupling within the structure. The overall sound insulation performance within the target frequency band within the corresponding parameter space is significantly correlated with the coupling strength. When the opening reaches h = 3 mm, α = 33.65, and β = 66.35, the sound transmission power is less than 0.1, achieving the maximum width of the sound insulation tape.

[0068] For structures without end-capped plates, the power transmission attenuation occurs at frequency gaps that approximately conform to the band structure. This allows for further manipulation of coupling by covering the rear of the surrounding spiral portion, leaving only radiation coupling at the front of the unit cell, which can create more sound insulation gaps within the frequency range of interest. Direct coupling through the introduction of openings in the hollow tube further aggregates the sound insulation bands, effectively reshaping the energy band distribution and creating a broadband sound barrier. In terms of the power transmission curve, the result is that more than 90% of the sound energy can be isolated in the 600-1900 Hz range, i.e., T (transmission coefficient) <0.1, including 4 consecutive transmission dips ( Figure 4 )

[0069] In order to verify the effectiveness of the structure of the present invention in isolating sound energy, this embodiment was simulated. Table 1 shows the structural parameters used in the calculation and simulation.

[0070] Table 1 Structural parameters in calculation and simulation

[0071] H(mm) D(mm) d(mm) P(mm) a(°) b(°) t(mm) h(mm) 50 100 45 34.542 33.65 61.36 1 3

[0072] In addition to theoretical calculations and simulations, this embodiment also conducted experiments to verify the effectiveness of the structure of the present invention. This embodiment uses a Sinus type impedance tube to perform measurements using the double load method. The test sample is 3D printed using photosensitive resin material. The test principle is to use the transfer matrix method to measure the sound pressure transmission coefficient, and on this basis calculate the energy transmission coefficient. This experiment was conducted with the angles of oblique incidence of the sound wave being 0°, 30°, and 60°, as shown in the following example. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, experimental data shows that more than 90% of sound energy can be isolated within the frequency range of 600-1900Hz. Compared with traditional local resonance units, this broadband structural design expands its applicability.

[0073] In addition, in practical applications, sound barriers are not limited to vertical incidence. In fact, the acoustic metasurface composed of subwavelength units means that the one-dimensional motion of sound particles along the center is constrained within the metamaterial unit, and the angle of incidence can be ignored. Figure 3-5 As shown, the present invention also uses a simulation calculation method to study the transmission coefficient of the sound barrier under different oblique incidence angles. Under the condition of incidence at a certain angle, the structure still has a broadband sound insulation characteristic, and even the overall sound insulation effect is better than that of oblique incidence.

[0074] The broadband soundproof window unit structure of the present invention can be constructed by combining basic units to form a large soundproof window barrier, and can be used in green buildings. When applied to broadband soundproof windows, the arrangement method is to splice multiple soundproof window units together.

[0075] like Figure 7-8 As shown, there are two splicing examples. Figure 7 The broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure 6 is embedded in the square frame 7 and then arranged. The broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure 6 and the square frame 7 are transitionally matched. After splicing, the ventilation area is the hollow center of each broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure 6 plus the excess area at the four corners. Figure 8The broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure 6 is embedded in a solid wall 9. The solid wall 9 is a cubic structure. Then, each corner of the solid wall 9 is cut off by 1 / 4 of a cylinder of the same size and then spliced ​​together. The ventilation area of ​​this structure is the hollow center of each broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure 6 plus the hollow center of the cylinder formed by the combination. The broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure of the present invention can be arranged in various forms when applied to broadband ventilation sound barriers through basic splicing. Figure 7-8 The two splicing methods are preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the only implementation methods.

[0076] The above describes in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concepts of the present invention without inventive effort. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be derived by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation based on the concepts of the present invention and the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure, characterized in that: It comprises an inner spiral sheet (1), a hollow tube (2), an outer shell (3) and an end closing plate (4); The internal spiral sheet (1) is fixed on the outside of the hollow tube (2); the end closing plate (4) is provided with a through hole that matches the aperture of the hollow tube (2); the through hole is coaxially arranged with the hollow tube (2); the end closing plate (4) is fixed on one end of the hollow tube (2) and connected to the internal spiral sheet (1); the outer shell (3) is sleeved on the outside of the internal spiral sheet (1); the end of the hollow tube (2) close to the end closing plate (4) is provided with a communication opening (5); the communication opening (5) communicates with the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the hollow tube (2); The communication opening (5) is a circular arc opening coaxial with the hollow tube (2); The size and angle of the communication opening (5) are adjustable, and are used to achieve efficient energy loss and interference in the corresponding frequency band, so as to achieve broadband sound insulation in a specific frequency band.

2. A broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the communication openings (5) is multiple.

3. The broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the hollow tube (2) is equal to the thickness of the inner spiral sheet (1).

4. The broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial distribution function of the internal spiral sheet (1) is expressed as: x=A*cos(θ) y=Pθ / 2π z=A*sin(θ) Where A∈(d / 2,R / 2) represents the radial spatial parameter of the spiral blade, d represents the outer diameter of the hollow tube, R represents the unit diameter, P represents the pitch of the internal spiral blade, θ∈(0,2πH / P) represents the circumferential spatial parameter of the spiral blade, H represents the total thickness of the sound insulation window unit, x and y represent the radial dimensions of the spiral blade, and z represents the axial dimension of the spiral blade.

5. The broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow tube (2) is a rigid cylindrical hollow tube.

6. The broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (3) is an annular housing.

7. A broadband sound barrier based on a broadband ventilation sound insulation window unit structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The broadband sound barrier comprises a plurality of broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structures (6), and the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structures (6) are evenly spliced ​​in a basic manner.

8. The broadband sound barrier according to claim 7, characterized in that: The broadband sound barrier comprises a plurality of square frames (7) uniformly spliced ​​in a basic manner, each square frame (7) is embedded with a broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure (6), and the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure (6) is transitionally matched with the square frame (7).

9. The broadband sound barrier according to claim 7, characterized in that: The broadband sound barrier comprises a plurality of solid cubes (9) uniformly spliced ​​in a basic manner, each of which has a quarter cylinder of the same size cut off from its four corners; each solid cube (9) is embedded with the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure (6); and the broadband ventilation and sound insulation window unit structure (6) is transitionally matched with the solid cube (9).

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