A hydraulically driven seismic-resistant composite drill bit and its working method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydraulically driven seismic composite drill bit and a working method thereof, wherein hydraulic power drives an impeller to rotate and a large gear to rotate, and the rotation of the large gear drives six small gears to drive a gear transmission device to operate, and three groups of fan-shaped water trough bodies are arranged above the drill bit, and the upper fan-shaped water trough body and the lower fan-shaped water trough body are connected to the PDC tooth groove; when drilling fluid flows in, the PDC tooth groove will be filled, and the PDC teeth will completely push out the cutting formation; when the water inlet channel connected to the upper fan-shaped water trough body is blocked by the gear, the connected PDC teeth will retreat slightly, and when it is opened again, the PDC teeth will be pushed out to work; an internal spring is designed to absorb axial impact loads; a magnet is designed to be placed in the magnet groove body, and the magnet state is mutually exclusive, which can achieve the effect of absorbing rotational impact loads; in order to adapt to the complex environment underground, the present invention is designed as a purely mechanical structure; hydraulic power is used to accurately control the rotation of the gears to achieve intermittent operation of the drill bit, thereby extending the service life of the drill bit and drilling tools and improving drilling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of drilling engineering, and in particular to a hydraulically driven anti-seismic composite drill bit and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Today, oil has become an essential energy reserve for countries around the world, making the oil industry a crucial player and a key currency in the global economy. In China, oil and gas resources are stored in formations thousands or even tens of thousands of meters underground. Therefore, drilling is crucial in oil exploration and development. In oil and gas drilling, the drill bit is the primary tool for rock fragmentation. After years of development, polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits have become widely used in modern drilling operations. During the drilling process, wear and damage to the drill bit can easily lead to reduced efficiency and shortened service life. Common drill bit and vibration reduction methods typically use dampers or single components for adjustment. However, dampers are expensive, and single components often provide insufficient vibration reduction. Therefore, reducing costs can effectively improve drill bit stability and impact resistance, enhance drill bit efficiency, and reduce wear. This is crucial for reducing drilling costs in deep and ultra-deep wells, enabling single-trip drilling. Therefore, designing a hydraulically driven, seismic-resistant composite drill bit and its operating method is crucial to addressing these challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to improve drilling efficiency, reduce damage caused by vibration and drill bit impact during drilling, and improve the working efficiency and service life of the drill bit, a hydraulically driven pure mechanical structure is provided, which can achieve intermittent operation, has good shock resistance, wear resistance, buffering and cooling effects, effectively prevents axial impact and rotational impact loads, and can adapt to complex underground environments. A hydraulically driven seismic composite drill bit and its working method are provided.

[0004] A hydraulically driven seismic-resistant composite drill bit and a working method thereof, comprising a gauge tooth, a water outlet hole, a PDC tooth groove, an impeller, a large transmission gear, a small transmission gear, a punched internal tooth gear groove, a solid gear, a water inlet channel, a spring, a magnet tank body, an upper sector-shaped water tank body, a lower sector-shaped water tank body, a sewer pipe, a magnet, a PDC tooth, a PDC tooth sliding groove, a tooth groove water inlet, a side water outlet, a No. 2 solid gear, a No. 3 solid gear, a No. 4 solid gear, a No. 5 solid gear, a No. 6 solid gear, a transmission rod, a group of PDC tooth grooves, and two groups of PDC tooth grooves. The impeller and the large transmission gear are an integrated device, the large transmission gear is in contact with the spring, the large transmission gear is meshed with the small transmission gear, the punched internal tooth gear slot is inlaid with the water inlet channel, and the 6 water inlet channels are connected with the upper fan-shaped water trough body and the lower fan-shaped water trough body at intervals; two repelling magnets are built into the magnet trough body, and there are side water outlets at the maximum diameter of the upper fan-shaped water trough body and the lower fan-shaped water trough body, which are connected to the water outlet eyes on the gauge teeth and the tooth groove water inlet. The impeller's rotation drives the large transmission gear, which in turn rotates the small transmission gear. This, in turn, rotates the lower small transmission gear via the transmission rod, causing the solid gears to rotate around the perforated internal gear slots. Solid gears No. 1, No. 3, and No. 5 rotate synchronously, and so do solid gears No. 2, No. 4, and No. 6. The water inlet channels corresponding to solid gears No. 1, No. 3, and No. 5 connect to the upper sector-shaped water trough, while the water inlet channels corresponding to solid gears No. 2, No. 4, and No. 6 connect to the lower sector-shaped water trough. The upper and lower sector-shaped water troughs each have six drainage pipes at their lower ends, connecting to the inner inlets of the PDC tooth slots in the first and second groups, respectively. The PDC teeth contain PDC tooth sliding grooves, and within each of the PDC tooth slots, group 1, and group 2, there are sliders half the length of the PDC tooth sliding grooves.

[0005] 2. The magnet trough is located above the upper fan-shaped water trough, with openings on the drill pipe side and the outside. The trough has built-in repulsive magnets to enhance circumferential stability; the spring enhances axial stability.

[0006] 3. The method comprises the following steps:

[0007] When the drill bit rotates, the solid gear rotates in the corresponding perforated internal gear groove. When the solid gear does not block the corresponding water inlet channel, the PDC teeth of the drill bit are all pushed out to work; when the No. 1 solid gear, No. 3 solid gear, and No. 5 solid gear block the corresponding water inlet channel, the upper fan-shaped water trough body stops taking in water, and the PDC teeth corresponding to the connected set of PDC tooth grooves retract, effectively protecting the PDC teeth from overheating. When the drilling fluid re-enters, the PDC teeth are pushed out again to a fully working state; the PDC teeth at the gauge teeth remain in a working state all the time; the high pressure of the water outlet can also play a role in flushing the PDC teeth and preventing mud balls.

[0008] When the drill bit is impacted, the spring can absorb the axial impact load, and the magnets have mutually repelling poles, which can absorb the rotational impact load, effectively eliminating the instability of the drill bit caused by directional vibration, and effectively protecting and extending the working time and service life of the PDC drill bit.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] 1. The present invention uses hydraulic drive to precisely control the ejection and retraction of PDC teeth, effectively achieving intermittent operation, which is beneficial to protecting the drill bit, improving wear resistance, preventing the drill bit from overheating, extending the working time, improving work efficiency, and ensuring the completion cycle.

[0011] 2. The spring and magnet of the present invention can achieve a two-way shock absorption effect, protecting the overall stability of the drill bit, thereby coping with complex formation conditions.

[0012] 3. The hydraulic drive of the present invention is a purely mechanical structure, which is less affected by external factors, has low processing costs and is easy to maintain. The internal gear meshing is accurate and effective, with a long service life. The gears are mainly connected by threads and are easy to disassemble.

[0013] 4. The present invention uses the PDC tooth sliding groove and an integrated structure designed in the PDC tooth groove with half the length of the sliding groove to effectively control the stability of the PDC tooth and prevent the PDC tooth from completely retracting, which is more conducive to the implementation of hydraulic drive and intermittent motion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is an overall schematic diagram of the fan-shaped water tank of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is the left side view of the fan-shaped water tank of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the magnet and magnet slot of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a PDC tooth of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 FIG. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of the PDC tooth groove of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Gauge teeth; 2. Water outlet; 3. PDC tooth groove; 4. Impeller; 5. Large transmission gear; 6. Small transmission gear; 7. Perforated internal gear groove; 8. Solid gear No. 1; 9. Water inlet channel; 10. Spring; 11. Magnet tank body; 12. Upper fan-shaped water tank body; 13. Lower fan-shaped water tank body; 14. Drain pipe; 15. Magnet; 16. PDC teeth; 17. PDC tooth sliding groove; 18. Tooth groove water inlet; 19. Side water outlet; 20. Solid gear No. 2; 21. Solid gear No. 3; 22. Solid gear No. 4; 23. Solid gear No. 5; 24. Solid gear No. 6; 25. Transmission rod; 26. 1st set of PDC tooth grooves; 27. 2nd set of PDC tooth grooves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0023] The present invention includes 1. a gauge tooth; 2. a water outlet hole; 3. a PDC tooth groove; 4. an impeller; 5. a large transmission gear; 6. a small transmission gear; 7. a perforated internal gear groove; 8. a No. 1 solid gear; 9. a water inlet channel; 10. a spring; 11. a magnet tank body; 12. an upper fan-shaped water tank body; 13. a lower fan-shaped water tank body; 14. a sewer pipe; 15. a magnet; 16. a PDC tooth; 17. a PDC tooth sliding groove; 18. a tooth groove water inlet; 19. a side water outlet; 20. a No. 2 solid gear; 21. a No. 3 solid gear; 22. a No. 4 solid gear; 23. a No. 5 solid gear; 24. a No. 6 solid gear; 25. a transmission rod; 26. a group of PDC tooth grooves; and 27. a group of PDC tooth grooves.

[0024] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the front of the gauge tooth 1 has a water outlet hole 2, and the lower part has a water outlet hole 2 connected to three vertical rows of PDC tooth grooves 3. The rear side of the PDC tooth groove 3 has a tooth groove water inlet 18. The tooth groove water inlet 18 on the gauge tooth 1 is connected with the side water outlet 19 on the maximum diameter side of the upper fan-shaped water trough body 12 and the lower fan-shaped water trough body 13. The tooth groove water inlet 18 of the first group of PDC tooth grooves 26 and the second group of PDC tooth grooves 27 at the working position of the drill bit are connected one by one with the sewer pipes 14 of the upper fan-shaped water trough body 12 and the lower fan-shaped water trough body 13.

[0025] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, when the drilling fluid enters the drill bit, the hydraulic force drives the impeller 4 to rotate and drives the large transmission gear 5 to rotate. The large transmission gear 5 finally drives the solid gear 8 to rotate in the perforated internal gear groove 7 through gear meshing. The 6 gear assemblies are grouped at intervals and divided into two groups. When the No. 1 solid gear 8, the No. 3 solid gear 21, and the No. 5 solid gear 23 block the corresponding water inlet channel 9, the No. 2 solid gear 20, the No. 4 solid gear 22, and the No. 6 solid gear 24 will not block the water inlet channel 9. The drilling fluid enters the fan-shaped water tank through the water inlet channel 9. The side water outlet 19 on the side of the fan-shaped water tank is connected to the water tank inside the gauge tooth 1. Below the fan-shaped water tank, there is a water pipe 14 connected to the first group of PDC tooth grooves 26 and the second group of PDC tooth grooves 27. The upper fan-shaped water tank 12 and the lower fan-shaped water tank 13 are connected to each row of tooth grooves. The water pipe 14 of the upper fan-shaped water tank 12 is connected to the first group of PDC tooth grooves 26, and the water pipe 14 of the lower fan-shaped water tank 13 is connected to the second group of PDC tooth grooves 27. When the heart gear 8, the No. 3 solid gear 21, and the No. 5 solid gear 23 block the corresponding water inlet channel 9, the water pressure of all connected groups of PDC tooth grooves 26 drops, and the formation contacts the relevant PDC teeth 16, causing the teeth to retract slightly, while the other PDC teeth 16 work normally. When the drilling fluid re-enters, the PDC teeth 16 are pushed out to work again. All PDC teeth 16 can work simultaneously, and there is no situation where all PDC teeth 16 retract at the same time; the teeth on the gauge cutter 1 remain in a continuous working state.

[0026] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, when the drill bit is impacted, the axial spring 10 dampens and rebounds, effectively absorbing the axial impact load. The magnets 15 in the magnet slot 11 are mutually repelling poles. When subjected to rotational impact, the magnets 15 are compressed and rebounded at intervals, effectively absorbing the rotational impact load.

[0027] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, there is a PDC tooth sliding groove 17 in the PDC tooth 16, and there are fixed blocks with half the length of the PDC tooth sliding groove 17 on both sides of the PDC tooth groove 3, which are used to fix the PDC tooth 16. When the drilling fluid fills the PDC tooth groove 3, the first group of PDC tooth grooves 26 and the second group of PDC tooth grooves 27, the water outlet pressure of the water outlet 2 is much lower than the water inlet pressure, and the PDC tooth 16 is pushed out to work. During the interval, the water inlet pressure of the PDC teeth 16 of the first group of PDC tooth grooves 26 or the second group of PDC tooth grooves 27 is suspended, and water is discharged normally from the water outlet 2. The PDC teeth 16 hit the formation and are pushed back and slightly retracted, thereby reducing the cutting pressure on the PDC teeth 16. When the drilling fluid enters again, the pressure in the first group of PDC tooth grooves 26 and the second group of PDC tooth grooves 27 is filled again. Because the liquid has good incompressibility, the PDC teeth 16 are completely pushed out and continue to work.

[0028] When the present invention is working, hydraulic drive causes the PDC teeth 16 of the drill bit to perform intermittent motion, which effectively reduces the temperature during the intermittent motion to prevent thermal damage, thereby extending the working time and increasing efficiency. During operation, the present invention can well absorb the axial impact load and the rotational impact load, effectively eliminating the instability problem caused by axial vibration, and effectively protecting and extending the service life of the PDC drill bit.

Claims

1. A hydraulically driven anti-seismic composite drill bit, comprising: a gauge tooth (1), a water outlet hole (2), a gauge tooth PDC tooth groove (3), an impeller (4), a large transmission gear (5), a small transmission gear (6), a punching inner tooth gear groove (7), a No. 1 solid gear (8), a water inlet channel (9), a spring (10), a magnet tank body (11), an upper fan-shaped water tank body (12), a lower fan-shaped water tank body (13), a water discharge pipe (14), a magnet (15), a PDC tooth (16), a PDC tooth sliding groove (17), a tooth groove water inlet (18), a side water outlet (19), a No. 2 solid gear (20), a No. 3 solid gear (21), a No. 4 solid gear (22), a No. 5 solid gear (23), a No. 6 solid gear (24), a transmission rod (25), a group of PDC tooth grooves (26), and two groups of PDC tooth grooves (27); characterized in that: The impeller (4) and the large transmission gear (5) are an integrated device, the large transmission gear (5) contacts the spring (10), the large transmission gear (5) meshes with the small transmission gear (6), the perforated inner gear slot (7) is inlaid with the water inlet channel (9), and the six water inlet channels (9) are connected to the upper fan-shaped water tank body (12) and the lower fan-shaped water tank body (13) at intervals; two repelling magnets (15) are built into the magnet tank body (11), and the upper fan-shaped water tank body (12) and the lower fan-shaped water tank body (13) have side water outlets (19) at the maximum diameters thereof, which are connected to the water outlet holes (2) on the gauge teeth (1) and the tooth groove water inlet (18); the solid gear No. 1 (8), the solid gear No. 3 (21), and the solid gear No. 5 ( The water inlet channel (9) corresponding to the solid gear No. 2 (23) is connected to the upper sector-shaped water trough body (12), and the water inlet channels (9) corresponding to the solid gear No. 2 (20), the solid gear No. 4 (22), and the solid gear No. 6 (24) are connected to the lower sector-shaped water trough body (13); the lower parts of the upper sector-shaped water trough body (12) and the lower sector-shaped water trough body (13) are respectively provided with 6 water discharge pipes (14) connected to the tooth groove water inlets (18) on the inner sides of the first group of PDC tooth grooves (26) and the second group of PDC tooth grooves (27); the PDC tooth (16) is provided with a PDC tooth sliding groove (17), and the PDC tooth groove (3), the first group of PDC tooth grooves (26), and the second group of PDC tooth grooves (27) are provided with a slider having a length half that of the PDC tooth sliding groove (17).

2. The hydraulically driven, seismic-resistant composite drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnet trough body (11) is located above the upper fan-shaped water trough body (12), is open on the drill rod side and the outside, and has a repulsive magnet (15) built into the trough body.

3. A method for operating a hydraulically driven seismic-resistant composite drill bit according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: When the drill bit rotates, the No. 1 solid gear (8), the No. 2 solid gear (20), the No. 3 solid gear (21), the No. 4 solid gear (22), the No. 5 solid gear (23) and the No. 6 solid gear (24) rotate in the corresponding perforated internal gear groove (7). When the No. 1 solid gear (8), the No. 2 solid gear (20), the No. 3 solid gear (21), the No. 4 solid gear (22), the No. 5 solid gear (23) and the No. 6 solid gear (24) do not block the corresponding water inlet channel (9), the drill bit rotates. The PDC teeth (16) at the head are all pushed out to work; when the No. 1 solid gear (8), the No. 3 solid gear (21) and the No. 5 solid gear (23) block the corresponding water inlet channel (9), the upper fan-shaped water tank body (12) stops taking in water, and the PDC teeth (16) corresponding to the connected set of PDC tooth grooves (26) retract, and when the drilling fluid re-enters, the PDC teeth (16) are pushed out again to a fully working state; the PDC teeth (16) at the gauge teeth (1) always remain in a working state; and the water outlet hole (2) remains in a water outlet state.

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