tunneling equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a tunneling device with earth pressure monitoring (EPM) mode and TBM mode. The TBM includes a telescopic outer shield, a telescopic inner shield, a tensioning shield, and a sealing module. The ends of any two adjacent telescopic outer shields, telescopic inner shields, and tensioning shields are nested together. The tensioning shield includes a tensioning shield body and a support shoe assembly. The tensioning shield body forms a support shoe cavity, and the support shoe assembly telescopically fits into the support shoe cavity, with at least a portion of its structure penetrating the cavity wall. The sealing module includes: a first sealing unit configured to seal the support shoe cavity and the inner cavity of the TBM; a second sealing unit configured to seal the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield; and a third sealing unit configured to seal the telescopic inner shield and the tensioning shield. In EPM mode, the first sealing unit seals the support shoe cavity and the inner cavity of the TBM, the second sealing unit seals the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield, and the third sealing unit seals the telescopic inner shield and the tensioning shield. The TBM according to this invention can better maintain pressure in EPM mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunneling technology, and more particularly to a tunneling device. Background Technology

[0002] Tunneling equipment such as tunnel boring machines are currently the most widely used in underground tunnel construction due to their advantages such as fast tunneling speed, safe operation, and minimal impact on the underground environment.

[0003] When tunneling equipment is carrying out underground tunneling operations, it faces complex working conditions with complex strata and soil conditions, such as alternating soil and hard rock. In other words, tunneling is not only carried out under a single geological condition.

[0004] To ensure smooth operation of tunneling equipment, different working modes are typically required for different geological conditions. Among them, tunneling equipment with both earth pressure monitoring and TBM modes primarily considers the sealing and pressure maintenance issues under these two modes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a tunneling device that allows the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit and the third sealing unit to be removed or installed according to the corresponding working modes, so that the tunneling device can flexibly switch between earth pressure mode and TBM mode to adapt to different construction geology and better cope with complex working geology.

[0006] This invention provides a tunneling device, the working modes of which include earth pressure mode and TBM mode. The tunneling device includes: a telescopic outer shield, a telescopic inner shield, a tensioning shield, and a sealing module. The telescopic outer shield, the telescopic inner shield, and the tensioning shield are arranged sequentially from front to back along the axial direction of the tunneling device, with the ends of any two adjacent shields nested together. The telescopic outer shield is telescopically movable relative to the telescopic inner shield. The tensioning shield includes a tensioning shield body and a support shoe assembly. The tensioning shield body forms a support shoe cavity with a radially outward opening. The support shoe assembly is telescopically fitted into the support shoe cavity, and at least a portion of its structure passes through the cavity wall of the support shoe cavity. The sealing module includes: a first sealing unit. The first sealing unit is configured to seal the support shoe cavity and the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment; the second sealing unit is configured to seal the gap between the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield; the third sealing unit is configured to seal the gap between the telescopic inner shield and the tension shield; in the earth pressure mode, the first sealing unit seals the support shoe cavity and the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment, the second sealing unit seals the gap between the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield, and the third sealing unit seals the gap between the telescopic inner shield and the tension shield; in the TBM mode, at least one of the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, and the third sealing unit is removed.

[0007] According to the tunneling equipment of the present invention, by setting a sealing module composed of a first sealing unit, a second sealing unit, and a third sealing unit, and by detachably setting the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, and the third sealing unit, the tunneling equipment can flexibly switch between earth pressure mode and TBM mode to adapt to different construction geological conditions. Furthermore, the first sealing unit can isolate the support shoe cavity from the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment; the second sealing unit can seal the gap between the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield; and the third sealing unit can seal the gap between the telescopic inner shield and the support shield. The first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, and the third sealing unit cooperate with each other, resulting in a better sealing effect for the tunneling equipment in earth pressure mode, enabling better pressure maintenance and facilitating tunneling operations in earth pressure mode.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the support shoe assembly includes: a support shoe and a plurality of support shoe cylinders, the support shoe being disposed in the support shoe cavity, the shield tensioning body including: an inner support plate, two first side plates and two second side plates, the inner support plate having a plurality of movable holes corresponding one-to-one with the support shoe cylinders, the support shoe cylinders being telescopically inserted through the corresponding movable holes and connected to the support shoe, the two first side plates being arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the axial direction of the tunneling equipment, the two second side plates being arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the height direction of the tunneling equipment, the second side plates, the first side plates and the inner support plate jointly defining the support shoe cavity; the first sealing unit includes: a first sealing ring, there being a plurality of first sealing rings, the first sealing rings corresponding one-to-one with the movable holes, the first sealing rings being adapted to seal the movable holes.

[0009] Optionally, the tunneling equipment further includes a welding plate, which is disposed on the side of the support shoe facing the inner support plate. In the earth pressure mode, the welding plate is welded to the inner support plate to seal the movable hole.

[0010] Optionally, in the earth pressure mode, at least a portion of the support shoe assembly is removed from the tensioned shield, the support shoe assembly further comprising: a sealing door configured to block the movable hole corresponding to the removed support shoe assembly.

[0011] Optionally, there are multiple sealing doors, each corresponding to one of the movable holes, and they are suitable for welding to the inner support plate under the earth pressure mode.

[0012] In some embodiments, the tunneling equipment further includes: a plurality of propulsion cylinders, the plurality of propulsion cylinders being arranged circumferentially at intervals along the support shield, the propulsion cylinders extending axially along the tunneling equipment and penetrating the first side plate to form a support hole communicating with the support shoe cavity on the first side plate; the first sealing unit further includes: a second sealing member, the second sealing member being disposed on the side of the first side plate opposite to the support shoe cavity and extending circumferentially along the through hole to seal the support hole in the earth pressure mode.

[0013] Optionally, the second sealing unit includes: a first grout stop plate, which is disposed at the end of the telescopic outer shield, with one end of the first grout stop plate connected to the telescopic outer shield and the other end extending obliquely toward the telescopic inner shield and contacting the telescopic inner shield.

[0014] Optionally, the second sealing unit further includes a pressure plate, which is disposed between the inner wall of the telescopic outer shield and the outer wall of the telescopic inner shield to seal the gap between the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second sealing unit further includes: a fastening connector, wherein the rear end of the telescopic outer shield and the front end of the telescopic inner shield are respectively formed with radially extending ring plates, and in the earth pressure mode, the fastening connector passes through the two ring plates in sequence to connect the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield.

[0016] Optionally, the third sealing unit includes: a second slurry stop plate, which is disposed at the end of the telescopic inner shield, with one end of the second slurry stop plate connected to the telescopic inner shield and the other end extending obliquely toward the tension shield and contacting the tension shield; and a hinged seal, which is disposed between the inner wall of the telescopic inner shield and the outer wall of the tension shield. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunneling equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the tensioning shield and the propulsion cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support shield according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support shield according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support shield according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the support shoe and the inner support plate under earth pressure mode;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the interaction between the second seal and the propulsion cylinder under earth pressure mode.

[0025] Figure 8 for Figure 7 An enlarged view of the second seal shown;

[0026] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the sealing of the second sealing unit in earth pressure mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing of the third sealing unit in the earth pressure mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 100 - Tunneling equipment;

[0030] 1- Retractable outer shield;

[0031] 2- Telescopic inner shield; 21- First sealing mounting groove;

[0032] 3-Stretch the shield tight;

[0033] 31- Tighten the shield;

[0034] 311-Inner support plate; 3111-Modular hole;

[0035] 312 - First side plate; 3121 - Perforation;

[0036] 313 - Second side plate;

[0037] 32-Support shoe assembly; 321-Hydraulic cylinder support; 322-Support shoe hydraulic cylinder; 323-Support shoe;

[0038] 33-Shoe support cavity; 34-Second sealing mounting groove;

[0039] 411-First sealing ring; 412-Welding plate; 413-Sealing door; 414-Second sealing element; 415-Support ring frame; 416-Second sealing ring; 417-Sealing insert; 418-Third sealing ring;

[0040] 421 - First grout stop plate; 422 - Pressure plate; 423 - Fastening connector;

[0041] 431 - Second grout stop plate; 432 - Hinge seal;

[0042] 5-Propulsion cylinder; 51-Support ring. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and other tunneling equipment are currently the most widely used in underground tunnel construction due to their advantages such as high tunneling speed, safe operation, and minimal impact on the underground environment. When TBMs are used for underground tunneling operations, they face complex conditions with diverse soil types, such as alternating mud and hard rock. In other words, tunneling is not limited to a single geological condition. To ensure smooth operation of the TBMs, different working modes are typically required for different geological conditions. This necessitates multi-mode TBMs. Among these, TBMs with both earth pressure monitoring (EPM) and tunnel boring machine (TBM) modes primarily address the issues of muck removal in both modes and sealing and pressure maintenance in EPM mode.

[0045] In view of this, the present invention provides a tunneling device that allows the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, and the third sealing unit to be removed or installed according to their respective working modes, so that the tunneling device can flexibly switch between earth pressure mode and TBM mode to adapt to different construction geology and better cope with complex geological conditions.

[0046] The following is for reference. Figures 1-10 A tunneling device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0047] refer to Figures 1-4 The tunneling equipment 100 in this embodiment of the invention can be a tunnel boring machine (TBM) or other tunneling equipment 100. The tunneling equipment 100 can have multiple working modes, including earth pressure mode and TBM mode, so as to switch and adjust the tunneling equipment 100 to the corresponding working mode for tunneling operations according to different geological conditions.

[0048] The tunneling equipment 100 may include: a telescopic outer shield 1, a telescopic inner shield 2, a tensioning shield 3, and a sealing module. The telescopic outer shield 1, the telescopic inner shield 2, and the tensioning shield 3 are arranged sequentially from front to back along the axial direction of the tunneling equipment 100, and the ends of any two adjacent shields are nested together. In addition, the telescopic outer shield 1 can telescopically move relative to the telescopic inner shield 2 along the axial direction of the tunneling equipment 100.

[0049] In other words, the rear end of the telescopic outer shield 1 and the front end of the telescopic inner shield 2 are telescopically nested together, with the rear end of the telescopic outer shield 1 fitted outside the front end of the telescopic inner shield 2. Through the cooperation of the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2, the tunneling equipment 100 can advance. The rear end of the telescopic inner shield 2 and the front end of the tensioning shield 3 are nested together. For example, the rear end of the telescopic inner shield 2 can be embedded inside the front end of the tensioning shield 3, or the rear end of the telescopic inner shield 2 can be fitted outside the front end of the tensioning shield 3.

[0050] The tensioning shield 3 may include a tensioning shield body 31 and a support shoe assembly 32. The tensioning shield body 31 forms a support shoe cavity 33, with an outer end opening along the radial direction of the tensioning shield body 31. The support shoe assembly 32 is radially and telescopically fitted into the support shoe cavity 33, and at least a portion of its structure passes through the cavity wall of the support shoe cavity 33. For example, the driving portion of the support shoe assembly 32 may pass through the radial inner cavity wall of the support shoe 323, with the support shoe 323 partially fitted inside the support shoe cavity 33. Thus, when the support shoe 323 portion of the support shoe assembly 32 extends out of the support shoe cavity 33 and presses against the tunnel wall, it can support the shield body (including the aforementioned telescopic outer shield 1, telescopic inner shield 2, and tensioning shield 3), allowing the tunneling equipment 100 to have a suitable operating posture, which is beneficial for tunneling operations.

[0051] The sealing module includes a first sealing unit, a second sealing unit, and a third sealing unit. The first sealing unit is configured to seal the support shoe cavity 33 and the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment 100. Specifically, the first sealing unit isolates the support shoe cavity 33 from the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment 100. Here, the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment 100 refers to the cavity structure formed by the axially connected inner cavities of the telescopic outer shield 1, the telescopic inner shield 2, and the tension shield 3.

[0052] The second sealing unit is configured to seal the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2. That is, when the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2 are in the combined state, the second sealing unit can seal the gap between the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2.

[0053] The third sealing unit is configured to seal the telescopic inner shield 2 and the tension shield 3. That is, when the telescopic inner shield 2 and the tension shield 3 are in the combined state, the third sealing unit can seal the gap between the telescopic inner shield 2 and the tension shield 3.

[0054] In earth pressure mode, the first sealing unit seals the support shoe cavity 33 and the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment 100, the second sealing element 414 seals the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2, and the third sealing element seals the gap between the telescopic inner shield 2 and the tensioning shield 3. Thus, when the tunneling equipment 100 needs to operate in unstable geological conditions such as loose soil and high water content, the sealing of the corresponding parts by the first, second, and third sealing units can largely ensure the sealing of the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment 100. This better achieves pressure maintenance, facilitating tunneling operations in earth pressure mode, and prevents mud and water from entering the interior of the tunneling equipment 100, which could lead to difficulty in cleaning or even damage.

[0055] In TBM mode, at least one of the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, and the third sealing unit is removed. In other words, in TBM mode, any one, any two, or all of the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, and the third sealing unit can be removed. Thus, when the tunneling equipment 100 is operating in hard rock strata with good geological stability, TBM mode can be used for normal pressure tunneling, reducing tunnel construction costs.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tunneling equipment 100, by providing a sealing module composed of a first sealing unit, a second sealing unit, and a third sealing unit, and by detachably providing the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, and the third sealing unit, allows the tunneling equipment 100 to flexibly switch between earth pressure mode and TBM mode to adapt to different construction geological conditions. Furthermore, the first sealing unit isolates the support shoe cavity 33 from the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment 100; the second sealing unit seals the gap between the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2; and the third sealing unit seals the gap between the telescopic inner shield 2 and the tensioning shield 3. The first, second, and third sealing units cooperate with each other, resulting in a better sealing effect for the tunneling equipment 100 in earth pressure mode, enabling better pressure maintenance and facilitating tunneling operations in earth pressure mode.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in combination Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The support shoe assembly 32 may include a support shoe 323 and multiple support shoe cylinders 322. Specifically, the support shoe 323 is retractably disposed in the support shoe cavity 33 along the radial direction of the shield body 31. The multiple support shoe cylinders 322 can be connected to the support shoe 323 for transmission to drive the support shoe 323 to move. In earth pressure mode, since it is not necessary to tighten the tunnel wall, the support shoe 323 can retract into the support shoe cavity 33. In TBM mode, the support shoe 323 needs to extend and abut against the tunnel wall to support the tunneling equipment 100.

[0058] refer to Figures 3-5 The shield body 31 can include: an inner support plate 311, two first side plates 312, and two second side plates 313. The inner support plate 311 has multiple movable holes 3111 corresponding one-to-one with the support shoe cylinders 322. The support shoe cylinders 322 are telescopically inserted through the corresponding movable holes 3111 and connected to the support shoes 323. The two first side plates 312 are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the axial direction of the tunneling equipment 100, and the two second side plates 313 are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the height direction of the tunneling equipment 100. For example... Figure 4As shown, both first side plates 312 are formed as vertical plates parallel to the radial direction of the shield body 31, and both second side plates 313 are formed as horizontal plates parallel to the axial direction of the shield body 31. The inner support plate 311 is formed as a vertical plate parallel to the axial direction of the shield body 31, and the inner support plate 311 is connected to the radially inner ends of the first side plates 312 and the second side plates 313. This allows the second side plates 313, the first side plates 312, and the inner support plate 311 to jointly define the open-ended support shoe cavity 33.

[0059] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 The first sealing unit may include a first sealing ring 411. Specifically, there are multiple first sealing rings 411, each corresponding to a movable hole 3111, and each first sealing ring 411 is adapted to seal the movable hole 3111. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the movable hole 3111 is formed as a square hole, and the shape of the first sealing ring 411 can be adapted to the shape of the movable hole 3111 to better seal the gap between the support shoe cylinder 322 and the inner support plate 311 in earth pressure mode. Furthermore, the first sealing ring 411 has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture and assemble.

[0060] As one possible implementation, combined with Figure 6 The support shoe 323 can clamp the first sealing ring 411 together with the inner support plate 311, and the support shoe 323 exerts pressure on the first sealing ring 411, thereby improving the installation stability of the first sealing ring 411.

[0061] Optionally, combined Figure 6 The tunneling equipment 100 may also include a welding plate 412. Specifically, the welding plate 412 is located on the side of the support shoe 323 facing the inner support plate 311. In earth pressure mode, the support shoe 323 retracts into the support shoe cavity 33, and the welding plate 412 is welded to the inner support plate 311 to cooperate with the first sealing ring 411 to seal the movable hole 3111, thereby improving the sealing performance at the movable hole 3111.

[0062] Optionally, refer to Figure 2In earth pressure mode, the tunneling equipment 100 needs to transport soil and debris through internal channels. Therefore, a soil and debris conveyor (such as a screw conveyor) needs to be installed inside the tunneling equipment 100. However, some structures of the support shoe assembly 32, such as the support shoe cylinder 322 and the cylinder support 321, are located inside the tunneling equipment 100, which may interfere with the soil and debris conveyor, making it inconvenient to install. Therefore, at least part of the support shoe assembly 32 can be removed from the shield body 31, for example, the support shoe assembly 32 near the bottom of the shield body can be disassembled. After this part of the support shoe assembly 32 is removed, the movable hole 3111 will become a through hole communicating with the support shoe cavity 33. At this time, in order to achieve a sealed state of the tunneling equipment 100 in earth pressure mode, the support shoe assembly 32 may also include a sealing door 413.

[0063] Specifically, the sealing door 413 can be configured to block the movable hole 3111 corresponding to the removed support shoe assembly 32. For example, when the movable hole 3111 is a square hole, the sealing door 413 can be formed as a square plate; when the movable hole 3111 is a round hole, the sealing door 413 can be formed as a round plate. Understandably, the sealing door 413 is parallel to the inner support door to ensure that the two can fit together. In addition, to ensure that the sealing door 413 can completely block the movable hole 3111, the sealing door 413 can be set to have an area larger than the area of ​​the movable hole 3111, so that the sealing door 413 can completely cover the movable hole 3111 after the sealing assembly is removed.

[0064] Optionally, refer to Figures 1-4 There are multiple sealing doors 413, each corresponding to a movable hole 3111, and they are suitable for welding to the inner support plate 311 in earth pressure mode. In this way, it can be ensured that each movable hole 3111 can be blocked by the sealing door 413, thus achieving the isolation between the support shoe cavity 33 and the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment 100. Furthermore, the connection method between the sealing door 413 and the inner support plate 311 is relatively simple and easy to implement.

[0065] Understandably, in TBM mode, the muck conveyor can be removed from the tunneling equipment 100 and the support shoe assembly 32 can be reinstalled to achieve normal tunneling in TBM mode.

[0066] As an alternative embodiment, to facilitate the removal of the sealing door 413, the sealing door 413 can also be installed on the inner support plate 311 in a detachable connection such as bolt connection or snap-fit ​​connection, so as to facilitate removal when the tunneling equipment 100 switches to TBM mode. At the same time, to ensure the sealing performance of the sealing door 413 under earth pressure mode, a sealing element such as sealing rubber can also be installed separately between the sealing door 413 and the inner support plate 311.

[0067] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 and Figure 5The tunneling equipment 100 may further include a plurality of propulsion cylinders 5. Specifically, the plurality of propulsion cylinders 5 may be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the support shield 3, and the propulsion cylinders 5 may provide propulsion power to the tunneling equipment 100. The propulsion cylinders 5 extend axially along the tunneling equipment 100 and penetrate through the first side plate 312 to form a support hole in the first side plate 312 that communicates with the support shoe cavity 33. Understandably, the propulsion cylinders 5 may penetrate through two first side plates 312. The first sealing unit may further include a second sealing member 414, which is disposed on the side of the first side plate 312 opposite to the support shoe cavity 33 and extends circumferentially along the through hole 3121 to seal the support hole in earth pressure mode. In this way, it can be prevented that the support shoe cavity 33 communicates with the inner cavity of other parts of the tunneling equipment 100 through the support hole in earth pressure mode, thereby further ensuring the sealing of the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment 100.

[0068] Optionally, refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The second sealing element 414 may further include a support ring frame 415 and a second sealing ring 416. The support ring frame 415 extends circumferentially along the through hole 3121, and one end of the support ring frame 415 along the axial direction of the shield body 31 is fixedly connected, for example by welding, to the side surface of the first side plate 312 facing away from the support shoe cavity 33. A sealing groove is formed on the inner surface of the support ring frame 415. The sealing groove is an annular groove, and the second sealing ring 416 is embedded in the sealing groove. A support ring 51 is sleeved on the propulsion cylinder 5. The propulsion cylinder 5 can extend and retract relative to the support ring 51. The outer wall of the support ring 51 abuts against the second sealing ring 416, thereby achieving a seal at the through hole 3121.

[0069] As an optional embodiment, refer to Figure 8 The support ring frame 415 is recessed outward along the axial direction of the shield body 31 and at the end away from the first side plate 312 to form a clearance recess. The first seal may further include a sealing insert 417 and a third sealing ring 418. The sealing insert 417 includes a first segment and a second segment. The first segment extends radially along the shield body 31 and is connected to the end of the support ring frame 415 facing away from the first side plate 312. The second segment extends axially along the shield body 31 and is embedded in the clearance recess. The free end of the second segment is spaced apart from the side wall of the clearance recess to jointly define a mounting groove. The third sealing ring 418 can be embedded in the mounting groove. The diameter of the third sealing ring 418 is larger than the diameter of the second sealing ring 416. At the same time, the third sealing ring 418 is in abutting contact with the support ring 51, thereby further improving the sealing performance at the perforation 3121.

[0070] Understandably, refer to Figure 8The width of the mounting groove is adjustable. In other words, the tightness of the connection between the sealing plate 417 and the support ring frame 415 is adjustable. For example, the first section of the sealing plate 417 and the shaft end of the support ring frame 415 can be bolted together, thereby adjusting the width of the mounting groove according to the size of the third sealing ring 418 to ensure the sealing reliability of the third sealing ring 418.

[0071] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 The second sealing unit may include a first sealing plate 421. The first sealing plate 421 is located at the end of the telescopic outer shield 1, with one end connected to the telescopic outer shield 1 and the other end extending obliquely towards and contacting the telescopic inner shield 2. Thus, the first sealing plate 421 can prevent larger solid particles, such as pebbles, from intruding into the gap between the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2. Understandably, to reduce the risk of failure due to deformation of the first sealing plate 421, it can be made of steel to provide sufficient structural strength and better withstand the impact of pebbles.

[0072] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 The second sealing unit may further include a pressure plate 422. Specifically, the pressure plate 422 may be formed as an annular shape extending circumferentially along the telescopic inner shield 2. The pressure plate 422 is disposed between the inner wall of the telescopic outer shield 1 and the outer wall of the telescopic inner shield 2, and the inner and outer sides of the pressure plate 422 respectively abut against the inner wall of the telescopic outer shield 1 and the outer wall of the telescopic inner shield 2. In this way, the pressure plate 422 seals the gap between the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2 under the clamping of the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2. By setting the pressure plate 422, the intrusion of small solid particles such as mud and sand can be blocked, further improving the sealing performance.

[0073] In a specific example, refer to Figure 9 The outer wall of the telescopic inner shield 2 is provided with a first sealing mounting groove 21. A pressure plate 422 is embedded in the first sealing mounting groove 21, and the thickness of the pressure plate 422 is greater than the depth of the first sealing mounting groove 21, so that a portion of the structure of the pressure plate 422 along the thickness direction protrudes from the outer wall of the telescopic inner shield 2 and abuts against the inner wall of the telescopic outer shield 1. Furthermore, the pressure plate 422 and the bottom wall of the first sealing mounting groove 21 are bolted together by threaded fasteners. Thus, the connection method between the pressure plate 422 and the telescopic inner shield 2 is relatively simple and easy to assemble.

[0074] Alternatively, the pressure plate 422 can be a metal component, such as a steel plate, to provide sufficient strength. Alternatively, the pressure plate 422 can also be a rubber component to provide sufficient elasticity and ensure a tight seal.

[0075] According to some embodiments of the present invention, reference Figure 9The second sealing unit may further include a fastening connector 423. Specifically, the rear end of the telescopic outer shield 1 and the front end of the telescopic inner shield 2 are respectively formed with radially extending ring plates. In earth pressure mode, the fastening connector 423 passes through the two ring plates in sequence to connect the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2. In this way, the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2 can be stably connected in earth pressure mode, preventing the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2 from axial slight movement relative to each other, which would cause friction between the pressure plate 422 and the telescopic outer shield 1 or between the first grout stop plate 421 and the telescopic inner shield 2, thereby reducing the overall sealing performance.

[0076] Optionally, refer to Figure 10 The third sealing unit may include a second sealing plate 431 and a hinged seal 432. The second sealing plate 431 is located at the end of the telescopic inner shield 2. One end of the second sealing plate 431 is connected to the telescopic inner shield 2, and the other end extends obliquely towards and contacts the tensioning shield 3. Thus, the second sealing plate 431 can prevent larger solid particles, such as pebbles, from intruding into the gap between the telescopic outer shield 1 and the telescopic inner shield 2. Understandably, to reduce the risk of failure due to deformation of the second sealing plate 431, the second sealing plate 431 can be made of steel to provide sufficient structural strength and better withstand the pressure and impact of pebbles.

[0077] The hinge seal 432 can be disposed between the inner wall of the telescopic inner shield 2 and the outer wall of the tension shield 3, for example... Figure 10 As shown, a second sealing mounting groove 34 is provided on the outer wall of the inner shield. Multiple second sealing mounting grooves 34 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the inner shield body 31. Multiple hinge seals 432 are provided, each corresponding to one of the second sealing mounting grooves 34. The hinge seals 432 are located in the corresponding second sealing mounting grooves 34. In this way, the hinge seals 432 can ensure the sealing of the gap between the telescopic inner shield 2 and the inner shield 3, and achieve pressure maintenance.

[0078] The various embodiments or implementation methods described in this specification are presented in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0079] It should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., mentioned in the specification indicate that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly described or not, is within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art.

[0080] Generally speaking, terms should be understood at least in part by their use in context. For example, at least in part by context, the term "one or more" as used in the text can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic of the singular meaning, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics of the plural meaning. Similarly, at least in part by context, terms such as "a" or "the" can also be understood to convey either singular or plural usage.

[0081] It should be readily understood that the terms “on,” “above,” and “on top of” in this disclosure should be interpreted in the broadest possible sense, such that “on” means not only “directly on something” but also “on something” with an intermediate feature or layer therebetween, and that “above” or “on top of” means not only “on top of something” but also “on top of something” without an intermediate feature or layer therebetween (i.e., directly on something).

[0082] Furthermore, for ease of explanation, spatially relative terms such as "below," "below," "under," "above," and "above" may be used to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to other elements or features as shown in the figures. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation other than those shown in the figures. The device may have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A tunneling apparatus, characterized by, The working mode of the tunneling equipment includes a soil pressure mode and a TBM mode, and the tunneling equipment comprises a telescopic outer shield, a telescopic inner shield, a supporting shield and a sealing module, the telescopic outer shield, the telescopic inner shield and the supporting shield are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the tunneling equipment from front to back, and the end portions of any two adjacent ones are nested and matched, the telescopic outer shield is telescopically movable relative to the telescopic inner shield, The supporting shield comprises a supporting shield body and a supporting shoe assembly, the supporting shield body is formed with a supporting shoe cavity with a radially outer end opening, the supporting shoe assembly is telescopically matched in the supporting shoe cavity, and at least part of the structure penetrates the cavity wall of the supporting shoe cavity, and the sealing module comprises: a first sealing unit configured to seal the supporting shoe cavity and the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment; a second sealing unit configured to seal the gap between the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield; a third sealing unit configured to seal the gap between the telescopic inner shield and the supporting shield; In the soil pressure mode, the first sealing unit seals the supporting shoe cavity and the inner cavity of the tunneling equipment, the second sealing unit seals the gap between the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield, and the third sealing unit seals the gap between the telescopic inner shield and the supporting shield; In the TBM mode, at least one of the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit and the third sealing unit is removed; The supporting shoe assembly comprises a supporting shoe and a plurality of supporting shoe oil cylinders, the supporting shoe is arranged in the supporting shoe cavity, The supporting shield body comprises an inner support plate, two first side plates and two second side plates, the inner support plate is formed with a plurality of movable holes corresponding to the supporting shoe oil cylinders, the supporting shoe oil cylinders are telescopically penetrated in the corresponding movable holes and connected with the supporting shoe, the two first side plates are oppositely and spacedly arranged along the axial direction of the tunneling equipment, the two second side plates are oppositely and spacedly arranged along the height direction of the tunneling equipment, and the second side plates, the first side plates and the inner support plate jointly define the supporting shoe cavity; The first sealing unit comprises a plurality of first sealing rings corresponding to the movable holes, and the first sealing rings are adapted to seal the movable holes; Further comprising a matching welding plate arranged on the side of the supporting shoe facing the inner support plate, in the soil pressure mode, the matching welding plate is welded with the inner support plate to seal the movable holes.

2. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the soil pressure mode, at least part of the supporting shoe assembly is removed from the supporting shield body, and the supporting shoe assembly further comprises a sealing door configured to block the corresponding movable hole of the removed supporting shoe assembly.

3. The tunneling apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing door is a plurality of sealing doors corresponding to the movable holes and adapted to be welded with the inner support plate in the soil pressure mode.

4. The tunneling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The tunneling equipment further comprises a plurality of pushing oil cylinders, which are arranged along the circumference of the bracing shield, extend along the axial direction of the tunneling equipment and pass through the first side plate to form a support hole on the first side plate in communication with the bracing shoe cavity. The first sealing unit further comprises a second sealing member arranged on the side of the first side plate away from the bracing shoe cavity and extending along the circumference of the through hole to seal the support hole in the earth pressure mode.

5. The tunneling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The second sealing unit comprises a first stop plate arranged at the end of the telescopic outer shield, one end of the first stop plate being connected with the telescopic outer shield and the other end extending obliquely towards the telescopic inner shield and being in contact with the telescopic inner shield.

6. The excavation apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second sealing unit further comprises a pressing plate arranged between the inner wall of the telescopic outer shield and the outer wall of the telescopic inner shield to seal the gap between the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield.

7. The tunneling apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The second sealing unit further comprises a fastening connector, the rear end of the telescopic outer shield and the front end of the telescopic inner shield are respectively formed with a ring plate extending along the radial direction, and in the earth pressure mode, the fastening connector passes through the two ring plates in sequence to connect the telescopic outer shield and the telescopic inner shield.

8. The tunneling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The third sealing unit comprises a second stop plate arranged at the end of the telescopic inner shield, one end of the second stop plate being connected with the telescopic inner shield and the other end extending obliquely towards the bracing shield and being in contact with the bracing shield. A hinged sealing member is arranged between the inner wall of the telescopic inner shield and the outer wall of the bracing shield.

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