A system and method for treating low-oxygen environment in upper corner based on compressed air pumping

Abstract

The application relates to a device for treating low-oxygen environment in an upper corner based on pressure air exhaust, which comprises a jet fan, an exhaust pipe, a positioning cross arm, a ventilation air outlet, a control valve and a driving circuit. The outer surface of the exhaust pipe is provided with a plurality of positioning cross arms distributed along the axial direction of the exhaust pipe. The jet fan is coaxially arranged at the front end surface of the exhaust pipe. At least one ventilation air outlet is arranged at the lower end surface of each positioning cross arm. The ventilation air outlets are connected with the exhaust pipe through flow guide branch pipes and are connected in parallel with each other. The flow guide branch pipes are connected with the exhaust pipe through the control valve. The driving circuit is connected with the outer surface of the positioning cross arm close to the jet fan. The device can effectively meet the needs of various different roadway space structures, has high air ventilation efficiency, can effectively improve the roadway ventilation operation efficiency, overcomes the defects of the traditional pipeline system that the exhaust efficiency decreases with the increase of the distance from the driving fan, effectively improves the ventilation operation stability, and reduces the equipment operation energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device for treating low-oxygen environments in the upper corner based on compressed air extraction, belonging to the technical field of mine ventilation equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, various devices for treating low-oxygen environments in the upper corner of mining faces have been developed, such as the treatment equipment and technology described in patent application number "202010822766.3" entitled "A Method for Treating Low Oxygen in the Upper Corner of a Longwall Face." While these technologies can meet the needs to some extent, the current treatment equipment often has a relatively fixed structure, making it susceptible to environmental influences and resulting in difficult installation and maintenance. The equipment also lacks flexibility and versatility. Furthermore, the need for long-distance ventilation operations necessitates the use of multiple fans, increasing equipment complexity and energy consumption. If a single fan or a large distance between adjacent fans is used, the airflow and pressure in different parts of the ventilation duct decrease significantly with increasing duct distance, affecting treatment efficiency and quality.

[0003] Based on the deficiencies in the existing technology, this paper studies and improves the existing problems, and provides a low-oxygen environment treatment device for the upper corner based on compressed air extraction. The aim is to solve some existing equipment problems through this gas collection device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a low-oxygen environment treatment device for upper corners based on compressed air extraction. This invention has a simple structure and a high degree of integration and modularity, which can effectively meet the needs of various different roadway spatial structures. It has high air exchange efficiency, which can effectively improve the efficiency of roadway ventilation operations and overcome the defect of traditional pipeline systems where exhaust efficiency decreases as the distance of the drive fan increases. Thus, it effectively improves the stability of ventilation operations and reduces the energy consumption of equipment operation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] A device for treating low-oxygen environments in upper corners based on compressed air extraction includes a jet fan, an exhaust duct, positioning crossarms, ventilation vents, a control valve, and a drive circuit. The exhaust duct has several positioning crossarms distributed along its axial direction on its outer surface. At least one jet fan is connected to and coaxially distributed with the front end of the exhaust duct. At least one ventilation vent is located on the lower end face of each positioning crossarm. These ventilation vents are connected to the exhaust duct via guide pipes, and all ventilation vents are connected in parallel. The guide pipes are connected to the exhaust duct via a control valve. The exhaust duct includes guide pipes, an air amplifier, a booster fan, a flexible guide sleeve, and a multi-way valve. Several guide pipes are coaxially distributed and connected to each other via the air amplifier. The air ducts and air amplifiers are coaxially distributed, with each air duct connected to 1-3 positioning crossarms. The air amplifiers are connected to the booster fans through the drain pipes. At least one elastic guide sleeve is embedded in the air duct and coaxially distributed with the air ducts. The number of elastic guide sleeves in each air duct is no more than 2. At the same time, each elastic guide sleeve is connected to the booster fans through the guide branch pipes. The guide branch pipes connected to the air amplifiers and elastic guide sleeves are connected to the booster fans through multi-way valves. The drive circuit is connected to the outer surface of the positioning crossarms near the jet fan and is electrically connected to the jet fan, control valve, and each booster fan and multi-way valve in the exhaust pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, the elastic guide sleeve includes a rigid bearing ring, guide rails, tension springs, a bearing spring coil, a flexible sleeve, a connecting pipe head, a pressure sensor, and a slider. The rigid bearing ring is a ring structure coaxially distributed with the guide duct and connected to the inner side of the guide duct. There are at least three guide rails evenly distributed around the axis of the rigid bearing ring, with the rear end face of each guide rail connected to the front end face of the rigid bearing ring. The axis of the guide rail intersects the axis of the rigid bearing ring at an angle of 30°–60°. Each guide rail and the rigid bearing ring together form the bearing keel of a frustum frame structure, and the diameter of the front end face of the bearing keel is 30%–60% of the diameter of its rear end face. The bearing spring coil is coaxial with the rigid bearing ring. The distributed ring structure has a load-bearing spring ring slidably connected to a guide rail via a slider and located within the load-bearing keel. A tension spring is coaxially distributed within the guide rail, with one end connected to the rigid load-bearing ring and the other end connected to the slider. The flexible sleeve is a hollow frustum-shaped tubular structure coaxially distributed with the load-bearing keel. The rear end of the flexible sleeve covers the outer side of the inner surface of the rigid load-bearing ring, and the front end covers the outer side of the inner surface of the load-bearing spring ring. A connecting pipe head is provided on the rear end face of the flexible sleeve, communicating with a flow branch pipe. The connecting pipe head and the flow branch pipe are connected via a control valve, and a pressure sensor is also provided at the connecting pipe head. Both the pressure sensor and the control valve are electrically connected to the drive circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, the guide rail is hinged to the inner side of the air duct by at least two elastic connecting columns distributed along its axis, the axis of which intersects the axis of the air duct at an angle of 30° to 90°, and at least one of the guide rails is provided with a pressure sensor and a flow sensor at its front end face, both of which are electrically connected to the drive circuit. At the same time, the rear end face of the flexible sleeve is connected to the inner side of the air duct by an elastic sealing ring.

[0009] Furthermore, the positioning crossarm includes a base, a slider, connecting anchors, and positioning pins. The base is an "H"-shaped groove structure with an adjustment groove on both its left and right ends. The axis of the adjustment groove is perpendicular to and intersects the axis of the base. The slider is a circular block structure, and each adjustment groove contains one slider. The slider is hinged to the groove wall via a ratchet mechanism, with the hinge axis perpendicular to and intersecting the axis of the base, and also perpendicular to the groove wall. The outer surface of the slider is located outside the upper, lower, and side ends of the base via the adjustment grooves. The outer surface of the slider has at least two connecting holes evenly distributed around the center of the slider, with the axis of the connecting holes distributed along the radial direction of the slider. There are two connecting anchors, which are connected to the sliders at both ends via the connecting holes, and the connecting anchors are coaxial with the connecting holes. The groove wall corresponding to the slider has an arc-shaped positioning groove coaxial with the hinge axis of the slider. The slider is connected to the side surface of the base corresponding to the side wall of the adjustment groove via the positioning groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the ventilation outlet includes a positioning base, a guide groove, a return air outlet, a protective shell, a flow sensor, a connecting pipe head, and a baffle plate. The guide groove has an "I"-shaped cross-section, with its axis parallel to the axis of the positioning crossarm. The upper surface of the guide groove covers the lower surface of the positioning crossarm. At least one positioning base is embedded in the lower surface of the guide groove and slidably connected to it. The lower surface of the positioning base is connected to and coaxially distributed with a return air outlet. The upper surface of the return air outlet is connected to the connecting pipe head and communicates with the baffle branch pipe through the connecting pipe head. The protective shell is a frustum-shaped structure with an isosceles trapezoidal axial cross-section. The end face is connected to the lower end face of the positioning base, covers the outside of the return air inlet, and is coaxially distributed with the return air inlet. The lower end face of the protective shell is at least 10 mm below the lower end face of the return air inlet, and the diameter of the lower end face of the protective shell is 20%-50% of the diameter of its upper end face, while being at least 5 cm larger than the diameter of the lower end face of the return air inlet. There are at least three guide plates, which are embedded in the protective shell and located in the gap between the protective shell and the return air inlet. The surface of the guide plate forms an angle of 0°-45° with the axis of the return air inlet, and the lower end face of the guide plate is at least 0-20 mm outside the lower end face of the protective shell. At the same time, a flow sensor is provided at the lower end face of one of the guide plates, and the flow sensor is electrically connected to the drive circuit.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper end face of the air guide plate is provided with an isolation gap of at least 5 mm between the upper end face of the positioning base and the lower end face of the air guide plate. The side surface of the air guide plate is connected to the return air vent and the side wall of the protective shell by a spring sheet. The air guide plate adopts any one of the following structures: rectangular plate structure, isosceles trapezoidal plate structure and wedge structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the booster fan and the multi-way valve are both connected to the positioning crossarm. The booster fan is also connected to several guide branches through the multi-way valve, and is connected to multiple air exchange vents adjacent to the booster fan through the guide branches. The air exchange vents are connected to the guide branches through a three-way valve, and the three-way valve is electrically connected to the drive circuit.

[0013] Furthermore, the driving circuit is a programmable control-based circuit system, and the driving circuit is provided with at least one serial communication circuit, each of which has at least two serial communication ports.

[0014] A method for using a low-oxygen environment treatment device for upper corners based on compressed air extraction includes the following steps:

[0015] S1, System Fixing: First, based on the tunnel structure, set the system assembly layout positions along the top of the tunnel and the upper half of the tunnel sidewall. Then, assemble and position the positioning crossarm. After completing the positioning crossarm positioning, assemble the jet fan, exhaust pipe, ventilation vent, control valve, and drive circuit to complete the system assembly and fixing. During equipment assembly and fixing, ensure that 80%-95% of the total ventilation vents are located in the upper corner low-oxygen environment area. Finally, connect the jet fan to the external exhaust ventilation system and electrically connect the drive circuit to the external electrical control system to complete the system assembly.

[0016] S2, ventilation operation: First, the jet fan is driven to create a negative pressure environment in the exhaust duct. This negative pressure then drives the gas in the roadway through the ventilation vents into the exhaust duct, where it is then discharged under the jet fan's influence. Next, pressure and flow sensors detect the pressure and flow rate of the airflow from the exhaust duct and ventilation vents. Based on these readings, a booster fan is activated at locations where the airflow velocity is insufficient. This booster fan pressurizes the airflow in the roadway and delivers the pressurized gas to the air amplifier. The system utilizes an air amplifier to increase the airflow velocity and pressure within the exhaust duct. Simultaneously, the pressurized gas pressure drives the flexible sleeve of the elastic guide sleeve to expand synchronously with the increase in internal gas pressure. During this expansion, the sleeve moves along a guide rail, ensuring that its volume expansion is inversely proportional to the diameter of its front end. This allows for adjustment of the local structural inner diameter within the guide duct, thereby regulating airflow and pressure. Ultimately, this ensures the stability of the overall air pressure environment within the exhaust duct and maintains stable exhaust efficiency and volume at each part of the duct, thus completing the upper corner.

[0017] Furthermore, the booster fan can also directly collect and pressurize the airflow in the tunnel through the ventilation vent.

[0018] This invention has a simple structure and a high degree of integration and modularity, which can effectively meet the needs of various different roadway space structures. It has high air exchange efficiency, which can effectively improve the efficiency of roadway ventilation operations and overcome the defect of traditional pipeline systems where exhaust efficiency decreases as the distance of the drive fan increases. Thus, it effectively improves the stability of ventilation operations and reduces the energy consumption of equipment operation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments;

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the exhaust duct;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the elastic guide sleeve;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning crossarm structure;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a partial side view of the ventilation vent structure.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the method of using the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To facilitate the implementation of the technical means, creative features, objectives, and effects of this invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a device for treating low-oxygen environments in upper corners based on compressed air extraction includes a jet fan 1, an exhaust pipe 2, a positioning crossarm 3, an air exchange vent 4, a control valve 5, and a drive circuit 6. The outer surface of the exhaust pipe 1 is connected to several positioning crossarms 3 distributed along its axial direction. At least one jet fan 1 is connected to the front end face of the exhaust pipe 2 and coaxially distributed. At least one air exchange vent 4 is provided on the lower end face of the positioning crossarm 3. The air exchange vent 4 is connected to the exhaust pipe 2 through a guide branch pipe 7, and the air exchange vents 4 are connected in parallel with each other. The guide branch pipe 7 is connected to the exhaust pipe 2 through the control valve 5.

[0028] In this embodiment, the exhaust duct 2 includes a guide duct 21, an air amplifier 22, a booster fan 23, an elastic guide sleeve 24, and a multi-way valve 25. The guide ducts 21 are coaxially distributed and connected to each other via the air amplifiers 22. Each guide duct 21 is connected to one to three positioning crossarms 3. The air amplifiers 22 are connected to the booster fan 23 via guide pipes 26. At least one elastic guide sleeve 24 is embedded within the guide duct 21 and coaxially distributed with each guide duct 21. The number of elastic guide sleeves 24 within each guide duct 21 is no more than two. Each elastic guide sleeve 24 is connected to the booster fan 23 via a guide branch pipe 7. The guide branch pipes 7 connected to the air amplifiers 22 and elastic guide sleeves 24 are connected to the booster fan 23 via the multi-way valve 25.

[0029] In this embodiment, the drive circuit 6 is connected to the outer surface of the positioning crossarm 3 near the jet fan 1, and is electrically connected to the jet fan 1, the control valve 5, and the booster fans 23 and multi-way valves 25 of the exhaust pipe 2.

[0030] As specifically noted, the elastic guide sleeve 24 includes a rigid bearing ring 241, guide rails 242, tension springs 243, bearing spring coils 244, a flexible sleeve 245, a connecting pipe head 246, a pressure sensor 247, and a slider 248. The rigid bearing ring 241 is a ring structure coaxially distributed with the guide duct 21 and connected to the inner side of the guide duct 21. There are at least three guide rails 242, evenly distributed around the axis of the rigid bearing ring 241, with the rear end face of each guide rail 242 connected to the front end face of the rigid bearing ring 241. The axes of the guide rails 242 intersect the axis of the rigid bearing ring 241 at an angle of 30°–60°. Each guide rail 242 and the rigid bearing ring 241 together form the bearing keel of a frustum frame structure, with the diameter of the front end face of the bearing keel being 30%–60% of the diameter of its rear end face. The bearing spring coil 244 is coaxially distributed with the rigid bearing ring 241. The ring structure is axially distributed. The load-bearing spring ring 244 is slidably connected to the guide rail 242 via the slider 248 and is located inside the load-bearing keel. The guide rail 242 is provided with a tension spring 243 coaxially distributed with it. One end of the tension spring 243 is connected to the rigid load-bearing ring 241, and the other end is connected to the slider 248. The flexible sleeve 245 is a hollow frustum tubular structure coaxially distributed with the load-bearing keel. The rear end of the flexible sleeve 245 covers the outer side of the inner side of the rigid load-bearing ring 241, and the front end covers the outer side of the inner side of the load-bearing spring ring 244. The rear end face of the flexible sleeve 245 is provided with a connecting pipe head 246. The connecting pipe head 246 is connected to the guide branch pipe 7. The connecting pipe head 246 and the guide branch pipe 7 are connected through the control valve 5. A pressure sensor 247 is also provided at the connecting pipe head 246. The pressure sensor 247 and the control valve 5 are both electrically connected to the drive circuit 6.

[0031] During operation, the pressurized gas pressure drives the flexible sleeve of the elastic guide sleeve to expand synchronously with the increase of the internal gas pressure. During the expansion process, it moves along the guide rail. Since the guide rail intersects the axis of the rigid bearing ring at an angle of 30° to 60°, the diameter of its front end gradually decreases as its volume expands along the guide rail direction. This achieves the purpose of adjusting the internal diameter of the local structure in the guide duct to adjust the airflow and pressure.

[0032] When the air pressure inside the flexible sleeve increases and the actuator expands, the tension spring and the load-bearing spring coil simultaneously accumulate elastic potential energy. When the air pressure inside the flexible sleeve decreases, the volume of the flexible sleeve shrinks under the elastic force of the tension spring and the load-bearing spring coil, increasing the diameter of its front end; thus achieving the purpose of adjusting the local structural inner diameter of the exhaust pipe with the flexible sleeve.

[0033] The guide rail 242 is hinged to the inner side of the air duct 21 by at least two elastic connecting columns 12 distributed along its axis. The axis of the guide rail 242 intersects the axis of the air duct 21 at an angle of 30° to 90°. At least one of the guide rail 242 is provided with a pressure sensor 247 and a flow sensor 8 at its front end. Both the pressure sensor 247 and the flow sensor 8 are electrically connected to the drive circuit 7. Meanwhile, the rear end of the flexible sleeve 245 is connected to the inner side of the air duct 21 by an elastic sealing ring 9.

[0034] The flexible connecting columns not only fix the guide rails but also absorb the vibrations generated by the airflow, improving the stability of the equipment and reducing the noise caused by mechanical vibrations during airflow. The flexible sleeves not only help reduce wind noise but also prevent air leakage from the gaps between the flexible sleeves and the inner side of the guide duct.

[0035] In this embodiment, the positioning crossbeam 3 includes a base 31, a slider 248, a connecting anchor rod 33, and a positioning pin 34. The base 31 has an "H"-shaped groove structure, with an adjustment groove 32 on both its left and right ends. The axis of the adjustment groove 32 is perpendicular to and intersects the axis of the base 31. The slider 248 has a circular block structure, and one slider 248 is provided in each adjustment groove 32. The slider 248 is hinged to the groove wall of the adjustment groove 32 through a ratchet mechanism, and the hinge axis is perpendicular to and intersects the axis of the base 31, while also being perpendicular to the groove wall of the adjustment groove 32. The outer surface of the slider 248 is connected to the adjustment groove 32 through the adjustment grooves 32. Located outside the upper end face, lower end face and side end face of the base 31, the outer side of the slider 248 is provided with at least two connecting holes 35 evenly distributed around the center of the slider 248. The axis of the connecting holes 35 is distributed along the radial direction of the slider 248. There are two connecting anchor rods 33, which are connected to the slider 248 at both ends of the running position through the connecting holes 35 respectively. The connecting anchor rods 33 are coaxially distributed with the connecting holes 35. The wall of the adjustment groove 32 corresponding to the slider 248 is provided with an arc-shaped positioning groove 36 coaxially distributed with the hinge axis of the slider 248. The slider 248 is connected to the side surface of the base 31 corresponding to the side wall of the adjustment groove 32 through the positioning groove 36.

[0036] The working position of the connecting anchor rod is adjusted by rotating the slider, thereby achieving flexible adaptation and installation of the positioning crossbeam to different installation positions.

[0037] In addition, the ventilation vent 4 includes a positioning base 41, a guide groove 42, a return air vent 43, a protective shell 44, a flow sensor 8, a connecting pipe head 246, and a baffle plate 45. The guide groove 42 has an "I"-shaped groove structure in cross section, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the positioning crossarm 3. The groove body of the upper end face of the guide groove 42 covers the lower end face of the positioning crossarm 3. At least one positioning base 41 is embedded in the groove body of the lower end face of the guide groove 42 and is slidably connected to the guide groove 42. The lower end face of the positioning base 41 is connected to a return air vent 43 and is coaxially distributed. The upper end face of the return air vent 43 is connected to the connecting pipe head 246 and communicates with the baffle branch pipe 7 through the connecting pipe head 246. The protective shell 44 is a frustum structure with an isosceles trapezoidal axial cross section. The upper end face of the protective shell 44 is connected to the lower end face of the positioning base 41, covers the return air inlet 43 and is coaxially distributed with the return air inlet 43. The lower end face of the protective shell 44 is located at least 10 mm below the lower end face of the return air inlet 43, and the diameter of the lower end face of the protective shell 44 is 20%-50% of the diameter of its upper end face, and is at least 5 cm larger than the diameter of the lower end face of the return air inlet 43. There are at least three guide plates 45, which are embedded in the protective shell 44 and located in the gap between the protective shell 44 and the return air inlet 43. The surface of the guide plate 45 forms an angle of 0°-45° with the axis of the return air inlet 43, and the lower end face of the guide plate 43 is located at least 0-20 mm outside the lower end face of the protective shell 44. At the same time, a flow sensor 8 is provided at the lower end face of one of the guide plates 45, and the flow sensor 8 is electrically connected to the drive circuit 6.

[0038] In a further optimized configuration, the upper end face of the guide plate 45 is provided with an isolation gap of at least 5 mm between it and the lower end face of the positioning base 41. The side surface of the guide plate 455 is connected to the return air vent 43 and the side wall of the protective shell 44 by a spring piece 10. The guide plate 10 adopts any one of the following structures: rectangular plate structure, isosceles trapezoidal plate structure, and wedge structure.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, a method for using a low-oxygen environment treatment device for upper corners based on compressed air extraction includes the following steps:

[0040] S1, System Fixing: First, based on the tunnel structure, set the system assembly layout positions along the top of the tunnel and the upper half of the tunnel sidewall. Then, assemble and position the positioning crossarm. After completing the positioning crossarm positioning, assemble the jet fan, exhaust pipe, ventilation vent, control valve, and drive circuit to complete the system assembly and fixing. During equipment assembly and fixing, ensure that 80%-95% of the total ventilation vents are located in the upper corner low-oxygen environment area. Finally, connect the jet fan to the external exhaust ventilation system and electrically connect the drive circuit to the external electrical control system to complete the system assembly.

[0041] S2, ventilation operation: First, the jet fan is driven to create a negative pressure environment in the exhaust duct. This negative pressure then drives the gas in the roadway through the ventilation vents into the exhaust duct, where it is then discharged under the jet fan's influence. Next, pressure and flow sensors detect the pressure and flow rate of the airflow from the exhaust duct and ventilation vents. Based on these readings, a booster fan is activated at locations where the airflow velocity is insufficient. This booster fan pressurizes the airflow in the roadway and delivers the pressurized gas to the air amplifier. The system utilizes an air amplifier to increase the airflow velocity and pressure within the exhaust duct. Simultaneously, the pressurized gas pressure drives the flexible sleeve of the elastic guide sleeve to expand synchronously with the increase in internal gas pressure. During this expansion, the sleeve moves along a guide rail, ensuring that its volume expansion is inversely proportional to the diameter of its front end. This allows for adjustment of the local structural inner diameter within the guide duct, thereby regulating airflow and pressure. Ultimately, this ensures the stability of the overall air pressure environment within the exhaust duct and maintains stable exhaust efficiency and volume at each part of the duct, thus completing the upper corner.

[0042] In this embodiment, the booster fan can also directly collect and pressurize the airflow in the roadway through the ventilation vent.

[0043] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for treating low-oxygen environments in upper corners based on compressed air extraction, characterized in that: The aforementioned low-oxygen environment treatment device for upper corners based on compressed air extraction includes a jet fan, an exhaust pipe, a positioning crossarm, ventilation outlets, a control valve, and a drive circuit. The outer surface of the exhaust pipe is connected to several positioning crossarms distributed along its axial direction. At least one jet fan is connected to and coaxially distributed with the front end face of the exhaust pipe. At least one ventilation outlet is provided on the lower end face of each positioning crossarm. The ventilation outlets are connected to the exhaust pipe via guide branches, and all ventilation outlets are connected in parallel. The guide branches are connected to the exhaust pipe via a control valve. The exhaust pipe includes guide ducts, an air amplifier, a booster fan, an elastic guide sleeve, and a multi-way valve. Several guide ducts are coaxially distributed and connected via an air amplifier. The components are interconnected, and the air ducts and air amplifiers are coaxially distributed. Each air duct is connected to 1-3 positioning crossarms. The air amplifier is connected to the booster fan through a drain pipe. At least one elastic guide sleeve is embedded in the air duct and coaxially distributed with the air duct. The number of elastic guide sleeves in each air duct is no more than 2. At the same time, each elastic guide sleeve is connected to the booster fan through a guide branch pipe. The guide branch pipes connected to the air amplifier and the elastic guide sleeve are connected to the booster fan through a multi-way valve. The drive circuit is connected to the outer surface of the positioning crossarm near the jet fan and is electrically connected to the jet fan, the control valve, and the booster fan and multi-way valve of the exhaust pipe. The positioning crossarm includes a base, a slider, connecting anchors, and positioning pins. The base is an "H"-shaped groove structure with an adjustment groove on both its left and right ends. The axis of the adjustment groove is perpendicular to and intersects the axis of the base. The slider is a circular block structure, and each adjustment groove contains one slider. The slider is hinged to the groove wall via a ratchet mechanism, with the hinge axis perpendicular to and intersecting the axis of the base, and also perpendicular to the groove wall. The outer surface of the slider is located outside the upper, lower, and side ends of the base via the adjustment grooves. The outer surface of the slider has at least two connecting holes evenly distributed around the center of the slider, with the axis of the connecting holes distributed along the radial direction of the slider. There are two connecting anchors, which are connected to the sliders at both ends via the connecting holes, and the connecting anchors are coaxial with the connecting holes. The groove wall corresponding to the slider has an arc-shaped positioning groove coaxial with the slider's hinge axis. The slider is connected to the base side surface corresponding to the side wall of the adjustment groove via the positioning groove. The elastic guide sleeve includes a rigid bearing ring, guide rails, tension springs, bearing spring coils, a flexible sleeve, a connecting pipe head, a pressure sensor, and a slider. The rigid bearing ring is a ring-shaped structure coaxially distributed with the guide duct and connected to the inner side of the guide duct. There are at least three guide rails evenly distributed around the axis of the rigid bearing ring, with the rear end face of each guide rail connected to the front end face of the rigid bearing ring. The axis of the guide rail intersects the axis of the rigid bearing ring at an angle of 30°–60°, and each guide rail and the rigid bearing ring together form the bearing keel of a frustum frame structure. The diameter of the front end face of the bearing keel is 30%–60% of the diameter of its rear end face. The bearing spring coil is coaxially distributed with the rigid bearing ring. The ring structure has a load-bearing spring ring that is slidably connected to the guide rail via a slider and is located inside the load-bearing keel. A tension spring is provided coaxially with the guide rail. One end of the tension spring is connected to the rigid load-bearing ring, and the other end is connected to the slider. The flexible sleeve is a hollow frustum tubular structure coaxially with the load-bearing keel. The rear end of the flexible sleeve covers the outer side of the inner side of the rigid load-bearing ring, and the front end covers the outer side of the inner side of the load-bearing spring ring. A connecting pipe head is provided on the rear end face of the flexible sleeve. The connecting pipe head is connected to the guide branch pipe. The connecting pipe head and the guide branch pipe are connected through a control valve. A pressure sensor is also provided at the connecting pipe head. Both the pressure sensor and the control valve are electrically connected to the drive circuit.

2. The device for treating low-oxygen environments in the upper corner based on compressed air extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rail is hinged to the inner side of the air duct by at least two elastic connecting columns distributed along its axis. The axis of the guide rail intersects the axis of the air duct at an angle of 30° to 90°. At least one of the guide rails is equipped with a pressure sensor and a flow sensor at its front end. Both the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are electrically connected to the drive circuit. Meanwhile, the rear end of the flexible sleeve is connected to the inner side of the air duct by an elastic sealing ring.

3. The device for treating low-oxygen environments in the upper corner based on compressed air extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation outlet includes a positioning base, a guide groove, a return air inlet, a protective shell, a flow sensor, a connecting pipe head, and a baffle plate. The guide groove has an "I"-shaped cross-section, with its axis parallel to the axis of the positioning crossarm. The upper surface of the guide groove covers the lower surface of the positioning crossarm. At least one positioning base is embedded in the lower surface of the guide groove and slidably connected to it. The lower surface of the positioning base is connected to and coaxially distributed with a return air inlet. The upper surface of the return air inlet is connected to the connecting pipe head and communicates with the baffle branch pipe through the connecting pipe head. The protective shell is a frustum-shaped structure with an isosceles trapezoidal axial cross-section. The protective shell is connected to the lower end face of the positioning base, covers the outside of the return air inlet, and is coaxially distributed with the return air inlet. The lower end face of the protective shell is at least 10 mm below the lower end face of the return air inlet, and the diameter of the lower end face of the protective shell is 20%-50% of the diameter of its upper end face, while being at least 5 cm larger than the diameter of the lower end face of the return air inlet. There are at least three guide plates, which are embedded in the protective shell and located in the gap between the protective shell and the return air inlet. The surface of the guide plate forms an angle of 0°-45° with the axis of the return air inlet, and the lower end face of the guide plate is at least 0-20 mm outside the lower end face of the protective shell. At the same time, a flow sensor is provided at the lower end face of one of the guide plates, and the flow sensor is electrically connected to the drive circuit.

4. The device for treating low-oxygen environments in the upper corner based on compressed air extraction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end face of the air guide plate is provided with an isolation gap of at least 5 mm between the upper end face of the positioning base and the lower end face of the air guide plate. The side surface of the air guide plate is connected to the return air vent and the side wall of the protective shell by a spring sheet. The air guide plate adopts any one of the following structures: rectangular plate structure, isosceles trapezoidal plate structure and wedge structure.

5. The device for treating low-oxygen environments in the upper corner based on compressed air extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The booster fan and the multi-way valve are both connected to the positioning crossarm. The booster fan is also connected to several guide pipes through the multi-way valve, and is connected to several adjacent air exchange vents around the booster fan through the guide pipes. The air exchange vents are connected to the guide pipes through a three-way valve, and the three-way valve is electrically connected to the drive circuit.

6. The device for treating low-oxygen environments in the upper corner based on compressed air extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving circuit is a circuit system based on programmable control, and the driving circuit is provided with at least one serial communication circuit, each of which has at least two serial communication ports.

7. The method of using the upper corner low-oxygen environment treatment device based on compressed air extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using the upper corner low-oxygen environment treatment device based on compressed air extraction includes the following steps: S1, System Fixing: First, based on the tunnel structure, set the system assembly layout positions along the top of the tunnel and the upper half of the tunnel sidewall. Then, assemble and position the positioning crossarm. After completing the positioning crossarm positioning, assemble the jet fan, exhaust pipe, ventilation vent, control valve, and drive circuit to complete the system assembly and fixing. During equipment assembly and fixing, ensure that 80%-95% of the total ventilation vents are located in the upper corner low-oxygen environment area. Finally, connect the jet fan to the external exhaust ventilation system and electrically connect the drive circuit to the external electrical control system to complete the system assembly. S2, ventilation operation: First, the jet fan is driven to create a negative pressure environment in the exhaust duct. This negative pressure then drives the gas in the roadway through the ventilation vents into the exhaust duct, where it is then discharged under the jet fan's influence. Next, pressure and flow sensors detect the pressure and flow rate of the airflow from the exhaust duct and ventilation vents. Based on these readings, a booster fan is activated at locations where the airflow velocity is insufficient. This booster fan pressurizes the airflow in the roadway and delivers the pressurized gas to the air amplifier. The system utilizes an air amplifier to increase the airflow velocity and pressure within the exhaust duct. Simultaneously, the pressurized gas pressure drives the flexible sleeve of the elastic guide sleeve to expand synchronously with the increase in internal gas pressure. During this expansion, the sleeve moves along a guide rail, ensuring that its volume expansion is inversely proportional to the diameter of its front end. This allows for adjustment of the local structural inner diameter within the guide duct, thereby regulating airflow and pressure. Ultimately, this ensures the stability of the overall air pressure environment within the exhaust duct and maintains stable exhaust efficiency and volume at each part of the duct, thus completing the upper corner.

8. The method of using the upper corner low-oxygen environment treatment device based on compressed air extraction according to claim 7, characterized in that, The booster fan can also directly collect and pressurize the airflow in the tunnel through the ventilation outlet.

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