Strike-slip faulting simulation apparatus and method with variable fault fracture zone geometry

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of variable fault fracture zone geometry strike-slip fault dislocation simulation device and method, the device includes fixed disc model box, dislocation disc model box, vertical pressurizing component, layered shear component, shaking table loading device.Soil and tunnel model are set in fixed disc model box, dislocation disc model box and pass through layered shear component;Fixed disc model box is firmly connected with rigid ground, and dislocation disc model box can move along horizontal direction;Layered shear component is set to 11 layers, bearing is set for dislocation displacement between layers, pin hole is set for limiting dislocation displacement between layers, and the middle three layers are 75 ° angle inclined shear layer, and different angle can be replaced according to test requirement;Vertical pressurizing component is arranged on the top of fixed disc model box and dislocation disc model box, and vertical pressurizing component applies vertical pressure to fixed disc model box and dislocation disc model box by screw bolt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering technology, and in particular to a device and method for simulating strike-slip fault displacement with variable geometric characteristics of fault fracture zones. Background Technology

[0002] The understanding of fault slip patterns during earthquakes and the disaster mechanisms of tunnels crossing active faults is still relatively superficial both domestically and internationally. Current domestic standards primarily focus on fault avoidance and have not yet provided systematic design guidance for fault-crossing tunnel projects. Model tests can effectively control test conditions and processes, reproducing fault slippage and becoming one of the important means of obtaining relevant data. Currently, most fault slippage simulation devices use jacks to load the slipped disk at a fixed angle. This loading method cannot effectively simulate the displacement distribution patterns within the fault fracture zone. Furthermore, most strike-slip fault slippage simulation devices can only simulate specific working conditions (such as a defined fault zone width and dip angle). Developing a test device for each engineering situation is extremely costly. Therefore, a test device with a certain degree of versatility is needed to study the impact of strike-slip fault slippage on underground structures.

[0003] Chinese Patent CN202211645721.9 discloses a strike-slip fault simulation test system and method, relating to the field of geotechnical engineering technology. The system includes a base and a first model box and a second model box mounted on the base. The first and second model boxes have openings on opposite sides and can be joined to form a box structure with an open top. It also includes a first driving component and a second driving component. The first driving component is connected to the first model box and is used to drive the first model box to move horizontally relative to the second model box to simulate a strike-slip fault. The second driving component is connected to the second model box and is used to drive the second model box to move vertically relative to the first model box to simulate a dip-slip fault. The method is applied to this system. This patent can more realistically simulate the dynamic behavior of fault slip under seismic action, and can simulate strike-slip faults and dip-slip faults as well as their coupling effect. It solves the problem that conventional shaking table model boxes cannot simulate fault slip or can only simulate slip in a single direction. However, this patent comes with a loading device, which makes it a quasi-static loading. Quasi-static loading can only be used to simulate fault slip to study its impact on tunnels, and cannot fully and realistically reflect the impact of continuous input seismic motion on tunnels. At the same time, the angles that can be selected by this patent are limited, and it cannot simulate the role of fault fracture zones in fault slip, which has certain limitations in practical engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing a strike-slip fault displacement simulation device and method with variable geometric characteristics of the fault fracture zone. This device and method are used to investigate the impact of strike-slip fault displacement on tunnel structures. This invention has a simple structure, low manufacturing and maintenance costs, and can change the fault width by inserting pins. The dip angle of the fault fracture zone can be changed by assembling and replacing the three middle layers. The test device is simple and easy to operate, highly versatile, and the test method is simple and easy to implement. The layered shear component can effectively simulate the strike-slip fault displacement process according to specific working conditions.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A strike-slip fault displacement simulation device with variable geometric features of fault fracture zones is disclosed. The device utilizes soil and tunnel models to set up the fault to be simulated within the device. It includes a fixed disk model box, a displacement disk model box, a vertical pressure assembly, and a layered shear assembly.

[0007] One end of the layered shearing component is connected to the fixed disk model box, and the other end of the layered shearing component is connected to the shifting disk model box. Both the fixed disk model box and the shifting disk model box are equipped with vertical pressure components. The soil and tunnel models are placed in the fixed disk model box and the shifting disk model box and pass through the layered shearing component. The vertical pressure components are used to apply vertical pressure to the soil and tunnel models in the fixed disk model box and the shifting disk model box.

[0008] The layered shearing assembly includes a first layered shearing box and a second layered shearing box. The first layered shearing box is connected to a fixed disk model box or a shifted disk model box, respectively. The first layered shearing box is used to simulate the width of the fault. The second layered shearing box has a first layered shearing box at both ends. The angle of the second layered shearing box is adjustable. The second layered shearing box is used to simulate the dip angle of the fault.

[0009] Furthermore, the strike-slip fault displacement simulation device also includes a shaking table, the fixed disk model box is firmly connected to the rigid ground, and the displacement disk model box is fixed above the shaking table. By controlling the input of seismic waves from the shaking table, the displacement disk model box moves along the vibration direction of the shaking table (the vibration direction is a horizontal direction parallel to the ground), thereby causing the first layered shear box and the second layered shear box to displace in the horizontal direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixed disk model box and the slip disk model box were fixed on different shaking tables to study the dynamic response of the tunnel under dynamic load.

[0011] Furthermore, both the fixed disk model box and the shifting disk model box include a box body, which consists of five closed surfaces and one open surface. The open surface is located on the opposite surfaces of the fixed disk model box and the shifting disk model box. The first layered shear box is connected to the fixed disk model box and the shifting disk model box through the open surface, respectively. The vertical pressurizing component is located on the upper and lower closed surfaces of the box body.

[0012] Furthermore, the enclosure is welded from an open-type high-strength steel wall.

[0013] Furthermore, the fixed disk model box and the movable disk model box also include a rotating shaft, a bolt, and a rigid grid. Rigid grids are provided on the front and rear closed surfaces of the box body, bolts are provided on the side closed surfaces of the box body, and a rotating shaft is provided at the connection between the side closed surfaces and the rear closed surfaces of the box body.

[0014] The rigid grid is used to increase the rigidity of the fixed disk model box or the misaligned disk model box in the horizontal direction to resist misalignment.

[0015] Furthermore, the vertical pressurization assembly includes a metal handle, a metal plate, a force-transmitting cross grid frame, and a force-transmitting metal shaft. The upper end of the force-transmitting metal shaft passes through the upper closed surface of the housing and is connected to the metal handle. The lower end of the force-transmitting metal shaft is connected to the force-transmitting cross grid frame. The lower end of the force-transmitting cross grid frame is provided with a metal plate. The metal plate is located inside the fixed disk model box or the movable disk model box. The metal plate is in contact with the soil and tunnel model inside the fixed disk model box or the movable disk model box. Rotating the metal handle transmits pressure to the force-transmitting cross grid frame through the force-transmitting metal shaft. The force-transmitting cross grid frame evenly transmits the pressure to the metal plate, and the metal plate applies pressure to the upper part of the soil and tunnel model.

[0016] Furthermore, the layered shearing assembly has a total of 11 layers. Each of the three second layered shearing boxes has four first layered shearing boxes at both ends. A directional bearing is provided between adjacent first layered shearing boxes and between adjacent second layered shearing boxes. The first layered shearing boxes and second layered shearing boxes, fixed disk model boxes or misaligned disk model boxes are connected by directional bearings. The directional bearings are used to generate misaligned displacement, and the misaligned disk model box drives the layered shearing assembly to move along the arrangement direction of the directional bearings.

[0017] Furthermore, a brake bolt is provided at the top of the first layered shear box. Adjacent brake bolts are synchronized by inserting pins, thereby limiting the occurrence of misalignment and displacement, thus realizing the change of the width of the fault fracture zone.

[0018] Furthermore, the first and second layered shear boxes are welded together from four connected open-type high-strength steel walls.

[0019] Furthermore, all three second-layer shear boxes are rectangular shear boxes with facets, and directional bearings are provided on the facets. The directional bearings are used to allow the three second-layer shear boxes to move at different angles on the horizontal plane.

[0020] Furthermore, the angles of the three second-layer shear boxes are 60° to 90°. The angles of the three intermediate layers can be prefabricated and directly replaced according to the test requirements, thereby realizing the change of the angle of the fault fracture zone.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a simulation test method for a strike-slip fault displacement simulation device with variable geometric features of the fault fracture zone, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0022] S1. Based on the fault to be simulated in the experiment, determine the fault dip angle parameters and fault fracture zone width parameters. Design according to the similarity ratio of the experiment, select the model rock mass material according to the surrounding rock parameters, and make the tunnel model.

[0023] S2. Assemble the layered shear assembly with the corresponding dip angle according to the fault parameters, and control the width of the fault fracture zone to be simulated by inserting pins to fix the first layered shear box.

[0024] S3. Lay soil at the bottom of the fixed plate model box and the sliding plate model box up to the height of the tunnel model. After installing the tunnel model inside the fixed plate model box and the sliding plate model box, install the corresponding sensors at the locations where data needs to be acquired, and then add the top cover soil.

[0025] S4. Place the slip disk model box on the vibration table, and control the slip disk model box to slip by controlling the vibration table, thereby causing the layered shear assembly to slip along the arrangement direction of the directional bearing, thus realizing the simulation test of strike-slip fault slip with variable geometric characteristics of the fault fracture zone.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S2, the layered shearing assembly can be prefabricated in advance according to the required angle.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. The test apparatus and test method described in this invention can effectively simulate the impact of strike-slip fault displacement on tunnel structures caused by fault fracture zone displacement;

[0029] 2. This experimental setup has a simple structure and low manufacturing and maintenance costs;

[0030] 3. The power input of the fault displacement plate in this test device is a shaking table. Compared with the quasi-static input of the jack, the power input of the shaking table can better simulate the input of seismic waves. Regarding the shaking table test for fault simulation, the more ideal simulation method is to use multiple shaking tables and realize the fault displacement by differentially inputting the ground motion. The two model boxes of this invention can be fixed on two shaking tables respectively to study the dynamic response of the tunnel under dynamic load.

[0031] 4. This invention can simulate fault fracture zones. This experimental device controls the width of the fault fracture zone by inserting pins to limit the displacement of the layered shear boxes and controlling the number of layered shear boxes participating in the displacement.

[0032] 5. This invention allows for the free selection of fault dip angles from 60° to 90° based on actual engineering conditions, without being limited to a specific angle. By assembling and replacing the three middle layers, the dip angle of the fault fracture zone can be changed.

[0033] 6. The test device is simple and easy to operate, with strong versatility. The test method is simple and easy to implement. The layered shear component can effectively simulate the strike-slip fault displacement process according to specific working conditions. The above invention points effectively solve the problem of the versatility of current test devices. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical pressurization component of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layered shearing component of the present invention.

[0037] The reference numerals are as follows: 1. Fixed disk model box; 11. Rotating shaft; 12. Box body; 13. Door bolt; 14. Rigid grid; 2. Misaligned disk model box; 3. Vertical pressurization component; 31. Metal plate; 32. Force transmission cross grid frame; 33. Force transmission metal shaft; 4. Layered shearing component; 41. Directional bearing; 42. First layered shearing box; 43. Brake bolt; 44. Second layered shearing box. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] See Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides a strike-slip fault displacement simulation device with variable geometric features of the fault fracture zone. The device uses soil and tunnel models to set up the fault to be simulated, and includes a fixed disk model box 1, a displacement disk model box 2, a vertical pressure assembly 3, and a layered shear assembly 4.

[0043] One end of the layered shearing component 4 is connected to the fixed disk model box 1, and the other end of the layered shearing component 4 is connected to the shifting disk model box 2. Both the fixed disk model box 1 and the shifting disk model box 2 are equipped with vertical pressure components 3. The soil and tunnel models are placed in the fixed disk model box 1 and the shifting disk model box 2 and pass through the layered shearing component 4. The vertical pressure components 3 are used to apply vertical pressure to the soil and tunnel models in the fixed disk model box 1 and the shifting disk model box 2.

[0044] The layered shearing assembly 4 includes a first layered shearing box 42 and a second layered shearing box 44. The first layered shearing box 42 is connected to the fixed disk model box 1 or the shifting disk model box 2 respectively. The first layered shearing box 42 is used to simulate the width of the fault. The second layered shearing box 44 is provided with the first layered shearing box 42 at both ends. The angle of the second layered shearing box 44 is adjustable. The second layered shearing box 44 is used to simulate the dip angle of the fault.

[0045] In this embodiment, the strike-slip fault displacement simulation device also includes a vibration table. The fixed disk model box 1 is firmly connected to the rigid ground, and the displacement disk model box 2 is fixed above the vibration table. By controlling the input of seismic waves from the vibration table, the displacement disk model box 2 moves along the vibration direction of the vibration table (the vibration direction is a horizontal direction parallel to the ground), thereby causing the first layered shear box 42 and the second layered shear box 44 to displace in the horizontal direction.

[0046] In this embodiment, the fixed disk model box 1 and the shifting disk model box 2 are fixed on different vibration tables to study the dynamic response of the tunnel under dynamic load.

[0047] In this embodiment, both the fixed disk model box 1 and the shifting disk model box 2 include a box body 12. The box body 12 consists of five closed surfaces and one open surface. The open surface is located on the opposite surfaces of the fixed disk model box 1 and the shifting disk model box 2. The first layered shear box 42 is connected to the fixed disk model box 1 and the shifting disk model box 2 through the open surface. The vertical pressurizing component 3 is disposed on the upper and lower closed surfaces of the box body 12.

[0048] In this embodiment, the box body 12 is welded from an open-type high-strength steel wall.

[0049] In this embodiment, the fixed disk model box 1 and the movable disk model box 2 further include a rotating shaft 11, a door bolt 13, and a rigid grid 14. The rigid grid 14 is provided on the front and rear closed surfaces of the box body 12, the door bolt 13 is provided on the side closed surface of the box body 12, and the rotating shaft 11 is provided at the connection between the side closed surface and the rear closed surface of the box body 12.

[0050] The rigid grid 14 is used to increase the rigidity of the fixed disk model box 1 or the misaligned disk model box 2 in resisting misalignment in the horizontal direction.

[0051] In this embodiment, the vertical pressurization component 3 includes a metal handle, a metal plate 31, a force-transmitting cross grid frame 32, and a force-transmitting metal shaft 33. The upper end of the force-transmitting metal shaft 33 passes through the upper closed surface of the housing 12 and is connected to the metal handle. The lower end of the force-transmitting metal shaft 33 is connected to the force-transmitting cross grid frame 32. The lower end of the force-transmitting cross grid frame 32 is provided with a metal plate 31. The metal plate 31 is located inside the fixed disk model box 1 or the movable disk model box 2. The metal plate 31 is in contact with the soil and tunnel model inside the fixed disk model box 1 or the movable disk model box 2. Rotating the metal handle transmits pressure to the force-transmitting cross grid frame 32 through the force-transmitting metal shaft 33. The force-transmitting cross grid frame 32 transmits pressure evenly to the metal plate 31. The metal plate 31 applies pressure to the upper part of the soil and tunnel model.

[0052] In this embodiment, the layered shearing assembly 4 has a total of 11 layers. Each end of the three second layered shearing boxes 44 is provided with four first layered shearing boxes 42. A directional bearing 41 is provided between adjacent first layered shearing boxes 42 and adjacent second layered shearing boxes 44. The first layered shearing boxes 42 and second layered shearing boxes 44, the fixed disk model box 1 or the misaligned disk model box 2 are connected by the directional bearing 41. The directional bearing 41 is used to generate misaligned displacement, and the misaligned disk model box 2 drives the layered shearing assembly 4 to move along the arrangement direction of the directional bearing 41.

[0053] In this embodiment, a brake bolster 43 is provided at the top of the first layered shear box 42. Adjacent brake bolsters 43 are synchronized by inserting pins, thereby limiting the occurrence of misalignment and displacement, and thus realizing the change of the width of the fault fracture zone.

[0054] In this embodiment, the first layered shear box 42 and the second layered shear box 44 are welded together from four connected open high-strength steel walls.

[0055] In this embodiment, the three second layered shear boxes 44 are all rectangular shear boxes with cut surfaces. The cut surfaces are provided with directional bearings 41, which are used to allow the three second layered shear boxes 44 to move at different angles on the horizontal plane.

[0056] In this embodiment, the angles of the three second-layer shear boxes 44 are 60° to 90°. The angles of the three intermediate layers can be prefabricated and directly replaced according to the test requirements, thereby realizing the change of the angle of the fault fracture zone.

[0057] In this embodiment, based on the tilt angle parameters of the interrupted layer under actual working conditions, three angled layered shear boxes are prefabricated in the factory. After the three rectangular shear boxes are obliquely cut at a predetermined angle, directional bearings 41 are installed on the cut surfaces. When assembled into this device, the oblique cut surfaces with directional bearings 41 are installed parallel to the ground. The prefabricated angles are 65°, 70°, and 75°, which can be selected. If a special angle is required, it can be prefabricated.

[0058] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a simulation test method for a strike-slip fault displacement simulation device with variable geometric features of the fault fracture zone, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0059] S1. Based on the fault to be simulated in the experiment, determine the fault dip angle parameters and fault fracture zone width parameters. Design according to the similarity ratio of the experiment, select the model rock mass material according to the surrounding rock parameters, and make the tunnel model.

[0060] S2. Assemble the layered shear assembly 4 with the corresponding dip angle according to the fault parameters. The layered shear assembly 4 can be prefabricated in advance according to the required angle. The width of the fault fracture zone to be simulated is controlled by inserting pins to fix the first layered shear box 42.

[0061] S3. Lay soil at the bottom of the box 12 of the fixed plate model box 1 and the sliding plate model box 2 up to the height of the tunnel model. After installing the tunnel model in the box 12 of the fixed plate model box 1 and the sliding plate model box 2, install the corresponding sensors at the positions where data needs to be acquired, and then add the top cover soil.

[0062] S4. Place the slip disk model box 2 on the vibration table, and control the slip disk model box 2 to slip by controlling the vibration table, thereby causing the layered shear component 4 to slip along the arrangement direction of the directional bearing 41, thus realizing the simulation test of strike-slip fault slip with variable geometric characteristics of the fault fracture zone.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] See Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides a strike-slip fault displacement simulation device with variable geometric features of the fault fracture zone. It can adjust both the angle and width of the fault fracture zone, and can meet the simulation test requirements of various working conditions. The embodiment also provides a test method based on the test device.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the strike-slip fault displacement simulation device with variable geometric features of the fault fracture zone according to the present invention includes a fixed disk model box 1, a displacement disk model box 2, a vertical pressure assembly 3, a layered shear assembly 4, and a vibration table loading device. The fixed disk model box 1 includes a rotating shaft 11, a box body 12, a door bolt 13, and a rigid grid 14. The layered shear assembly 4 includes a directional bearing 41, a first layered shear box 42, a brake bolt 43, and a second layered shear box 44. The fixed disk model box 1 has an open end connected to the layered shear assembly 4, and the other five sides are closed surfaces. The displacement disk model box 2 also has an open end connected to the layered shear assembly 4, and the other five sides are closed surfaces. The prepared soil and tunnel models are set inside the fixed disk model box 1 and the displacement disk model box 2. The vertical pressure assembly 3 is set on the upper part of both the fixed disk model box 1 and the displacement disk model box 2.

[0066] During the test, the slip plate model box 2 was placed on the vibration table. By controlling the input of the seismic wave of the vibration table, the slip plate model box moved along the vibration direction of the vibration table, thereby causing the layered shear component 4 to slip in the horizontal direction.

[0067] The fixed plate model box 1 includes a rotating shaft 11, a box body 12, a door bolt 13, and a rigid grid 14. The fixed plate model box is composed of multiple connected walls forming the box body 12. In this embodiment, it is welded from open-type high-strength steel walls. The rotating shaft 11 and the door bolt 13 together form the opening part of the fixed plate model box 1. The rigid grid 14 is provided to increase the rigidity of the fixed plate model box 1 in the horizontal direction to resist displacement. The part of the fixed plate model box 1 facing the displacement plate model box 2 is the opening part, which does not have a wall and is connected to the layered shear assembly 4 through the directional bearing 41.

[0068] The misaligned disk model box 2 includes a rotating shaft 11, a box body 12, a door bolt 13, and a rigid grid 14. The misaligned disk model box 2 is a central axis mirror image of the fixed disk model box 1. The misaligned disk model box 2 can move horizontally with the vibration table relative to the fixed disk model box 1, thereby causing the layered shear assembly 4 to move horizontally.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the vertical pressurization component 3 includes a metal handle, a bottom metal plate 31, a force-transmitting cross grid frame 32, and a force-transmitting metal shaft 33. The force-transmitting metal shaft 33 is a threaded long rod. The pressure is transmitted to the force-transmitting cross grid frame 32 through the force-transmitting metal shaft 33. The force-transmitting cross grid frame 32 transmits the pressure evenly to the bottom metal plate 31. The bottom metal plate 31 applies the pressure evenly to the soil, thereby realizing the vertical loading of the soil.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, the layered shear assembly 4 includes a directional bearing 41, a first layered shear box 42, a brake 43, and a second layered shear box 44. The directional bearing 41 is arranged horizontally, and applying external force causes the bearing to roll, thus creating misalignment. The first layered shear box 42 is welded from four connected open high-strength steel walls, facing the fixed plate model box 1 and the misalignment plate model box 2. A brake 43 is installed on the upper part of the first layered shear box 42. Pins can be inserted between adjacent brake 43 layers to stop the displacement between adjacent layered shear boxes, thereby limiting misalignment. This method can effectively control the width of the misalignment area. For specific projects requiring a specific inclination angle, the inclination angle of the fault slope tunnel can be changed by prefabricating the angled assembly to the displacement 44 of the assembled shear box.

[0071] Furthermore, this embodiment also provides a simulation test method for a strike-slip fault displacement simulation device with variable geometric features of the fault fracture zone, based on data from an engineering example. The specific steps are as follows:

[0072] (1) Determine the fault width and angle according to the geometric characteristics of the fault fracture zone to be simulated in the specific project. The required simulated fault dip angle is 75°, the core width of the fracture zone is 200m, the calculation geometric similarity ratio is 1:20, insert the pin so that the width of the fault zone is equal to the width of the core fault fracture zone, and assemble the angle layered shear box to make the angle of the fault zone meet the project requirements.

[0073] (2) According to the soil parameters and similarity ratio required for the test, the test soil is mixed with the combined force ratio. The prepared soil is loaded into the box 12 through the rotating shaft 11 and the bolt 13. The tunnel in this project is a near-circular double-track tunnel. The tunnel model is prefabricated according to the geometric similarity ratio. The soil is filled to the height of the tunnel model. Then, the tunnel model is loaded into the fixed plate model box 1 and the movable plate model box 2 and the sensors are installed. Then, the cover soil is added. The sensors are arranged in a six-point manner, that is, with the tunnel center axis as the axis, the sensors are arranged along the arch top, arch waist and arch foot.

[0074] (3) Rotate the metal handle of the vertical pressure component 3 to transmit the pressure to the force transmission cross grid frame 32 through the force transmission metal shaft 33. The force transmission cross grid frame 32 transmits the pressure evenly to the metal plate 31. The metal plate 31 applies the pressure evenly to the upper part of the soil and presses down the soil to achieve soil loading.

[0075] (4) The fixed disk model box 1 is rigidly connected to the ground, and the movable disk model box 2 is moved to the vibration table and fixed. The fixed disk model box 1 and the movable disk model box 2 must be kept on the same horizontal plane.

[0076] (5) Input seismic waves through a shaking table to simulate strike-slip fault movement.

[0077] Experimental results: It was observed that the arch foot and arch crown of the tunnel model were severely damaged, with through cracks appearing. Compared with previous tunnel earthquake damage data, the present invention and experimental method achieved good simulation results.

[0078] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A strike-slip fault displacement simulation device in which the geometry of a fault fracture zone is variable, and in which a soil body and a tunnel model are provided in the strike-slip fault displacement simulation device to set a fault to be simulated, characterized in that, The device comprises a fixed disc model box (1), a dislocation disc model box (2), a vertical pressure assembly (3) and a layered shear assembly (4), The layered shear assembly (4) is connected with the fixed disc model box (1) at one end and connected with the dislocation disc model box (2) at the other end, and the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2) are both provided with the vertical pressure assembly (3), and the soil body and the tunnel model are arranged in the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2) and pass through the layered shear assembly (4), and the vertical pressure assembly (3) is used for applying vertical pressure to the soil body and the tunnel model in the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2). The layered shear assembly (4) comprises a first layered shear box (42) and a second layered shear box (44), the first layered shear box (42) is connected with the fixed disc model box (1) or the dislocation disc model box (2) respectively, the first layered shear box (42) is used for simulating the width of the fault, and the second layered shear box (44) is provided with the first layered shear box (42) at both ends, the angle of the second layered shear box (44) is adjustable, and the second layered shear box (44) is used for simulating the inclination angle of the fault.

2. The strike-slip faulting simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The strike-slip fault dislocation simulation device further comprises a vibration table, the fixed disc model box (1) is firmly connected with the rigid ground, and the dislocation disc model box (2) is fixed above the vibration table, the first layered shear box (42) and the second layered shear box (44) are driven to move along the horizontal direction by controlling the input of the seismic wave of the vibration table to make the dislocation disc model box (2) move along the vibration direction of the vibration table.

3. The strike-slip faulting simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2) both comprise a box body (12), the box body (12) is composed of five closed surfaces and one open surface, the open surface is located on the opposite surface of the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2), the first layered shear box (42) is connected with the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2) through the open surface, and the vertical pressure assembly (3) is arranged on the upper and lower closed surfaces of the box body (12).

4. The strike-slip faulting simulation apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2) further comprise a rotating shaft (11), a door bolt (13) and a rigid lattice (14), the rigid lattice (14) is arranged on the front and rear closed surfaces of the box body (12), the door bolt (13) is arranged on the side closed surface of the box body (12), and the rotating shaft (11) is arranged at the connection position of the side closed surface and the rear closed surface of the box body (12), The rigid lattice (14) is used for increasing the rigidity of the fixed disc model box (1) or the dislocation disc model box (2) resisting dislocation along the horizontal direction.

5. The strike-slip faulting simulation apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The vertical pressure assembly (3) comprises a metal handle, a metal plate (31), a force transmission cross grid (32) and a force transmission metal shaft (33), the upper end of the force transmission metal shaft (33) is connected with the metal handle through the upper closed surface of the box body (12), the lower end of the force transmission metal shaft (33) is connected with the force transmission cross grid (32), the lower end of the force transmission cross grid (32) is provided with the metal plate (31), the metal plate (31) is arranged in the fixed disc model box (1) or the dislocation disc model box (2), the metal plate (31) is connected with the soil body and the tunnel model in the fixed disc model box (1) or the dislocation disc model box (2), rotating the metal handle can transmit pressure to the force transmission cross grid (32) through the force transmission metal shaft (33), the force transmission cross grid (32) can uniformly transmit pressure to the metal plate (31), and the metal plate (31) can apply pressure on the upper part of the soil body and the tunnel model.

6. The strike-slip faulting simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The layered shear assembly (4) is provided with 11 layers, four first layered shear boxes (42) are arranged at the two ends of each of the three second layered shear boxes (44), directional bearings (41) are arranged between adjacent first layered shear boxes (42), directional bearings (41) are arranged between adjacent second layered shear boxes (44), the first layered shear boxes (42) and the second layered shear boxes (44) and the fixed disc model box (1) or the dislocation disc model box (2) are connected through the directional bearings (41), the directional bearings (41) are used for dislocation displacement, and the layered shear assembly (4) is driven by the dislocation disc model box (2) to generate dislocation along the arrangement direction of the directional bearings (41).

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein, The top end of the first layered shear box (42) is provided with a brake bolt (43), adjacent brake bolts (43) are kept synchronous by inserting a bolt, thereby limiting dislocation displacement, so that the width of the fault fracture zone is changed.

8. The strike-slip faulting simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first layered shear box (42) and the second layered shear box (44) are welded by four connected open high-strength steel wall surfaces.

9. The strike-slip faulting simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The three second layered shear boxes (44) are rectangular shear boxes with a cutting surface, the cutting surface is provided with a directional bearing (41), and the directional bearing (41) is used for enabling the three second layered shear boxes (44) to dislocate at different angles in a horizontal plane. The angles of the three second layered shear boxes (44) are 60°-90°.

10. A simulation test method of the strike-slip fault dislocation simulation device with variable fault fracture zone geometric characteristics according to any one of claims 1-9, and the specific steps are as follows: S1, according to the fault to be simulated in the test, the fault inclination parameter and the fault fracture zone width parameter are determined, the model rock mass material is selected according to the test similarity ratio design and the surrounding rock parameter, and the tunnel model is manufactured; S2, the layered shear assembly (4) with the corresponding inclination is assembled according to the fault parameters, the first layered shear box (42) is fixed by inserting a bolt, and the fault fracture zone width required to be simulated is controlled. S3, the bottom of the box body (12) of the fixed disk model box (1) and the dislocation disk model box (2) is paved with the configuration soil to the height of the tunnel model, after the installation of the tunnel model in the box body (12) of the fixed disk model box (1) and the dislocation disk model box (2), the corresponding sensor is installed at the position where the data is needed, and then the upper soil is filled; S4, the dislocation disk model box (2) is placed on the vibration table, the dislocation of the dislocation disk model box (2) is controlled by controlling the vibration table, so as to drive the layered shear assembly (4) to dislocate along the arrangement direction of the directional bearing (41), and then the strike-slip fault dislocation simulation test with variable geometric characteristics of the fault fracture zone is realized.

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