Construction method for treating lining crack leakage of high water pressure section of tunnel

Abstract

The application relates to a construction method for treating leakage of cracks in a lining of a tunnel high water pressure section, and the construction method comprises the following steps: grooving along the water leakage cracks by using a cutting machine or an electric wind pick, the groove width is 5-8 cm, the groove depth is 8 cm, and the groove is in an inverted trapezoidal shape; the groove upper end opening must be higher than the water outlet point by more than 10 cm, and is extended downward to the arch foot, is connected with the arch foot drain pipe, and directly leads and drains the water leakage into the road side ditch; the floating dust in the groove is cleaned by using a steel brush, and then is washed by using clean water, so that no sundries are ensured in the groove; a phi 32 mm PVC half pipe is buried in the groove, is directly connected with the nearest drain pipe at the height position of the tunnel lining drain hole, and the drain pipe is connected with the drain groove; 3 cm thick slurry is applied on the outer side of the drain pipe, the slurry ratio is 0.4:1, meanwhile, the drain pipe is fixed by using cement nails every 40-50 cm, and then the epoxy mortar scraping material is used to smooth the concrete surface. According to the application, the water stopping treatment and the dredging treatment can be adopted according to the leakage water severity and the construction easiness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of tunnel leakage treatment, and more specifically, to a construction method for treating leakage in the lining cracks of a tunnel in a high water pressure section. Background Technology

[0002] Water leakage is a widespread problem in tunnels, severely impacting the smoothness and safety of tunnel operation. If not repaired promptly, the resulting leakage will weaken the tunnel lining structure and lead to more serious issues such as steel corrosion, concrete spalling, and lining cracking. Therefore, timely maintenance of the tunnel is crucial when water leakage occurs to effectively ensure safe passage for vehicles.

[0003] Cracks in tunnel linings are often related to factors such as usage conditions, environmental conditions, material properties, and construction. They reduce the lining structure's load-bearing capacity against the surrounding rock, affecting the tunnel's structural safety. Furthermore, cracks of a certain depth can become channels for water leakage, accelerating lining damage. Water leakage primarily originates from natural precipitation and groundwater, and is typically corrosive. Prolonged water seepage and corrosion can damage the tunnel lining concrete structure, reducing the lining's protective performance against the tunnel rock mass. Especially in regions with cold winters, repeated freeze-thaw cycles of water seeping into tunnel cracks can easily cause cracks in the tunnel lining, severely impacting tunnel structural safety and service life. Therefore, regular inspection of tunnel lining cracks and water leakage is crucial for ensuring tunnel structural safety and the safe passage of trains.

[0004] Currently, in tunnels with high water pressure, cracks often leak at multiple points, with the leakage point varying depending on the water level behind the lining. Due to the high water pressure behind the lining, direct measures such as sealing and grouting at the leak points are not very effective.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a construction method for treating the leakage of cracks in the lining of tunnels under high water pressure. The method can adopt water-stopping treatment and drainage treatment according to the severity of the leakage and the ease of construction.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A construction method for treating leakage in the lining cracks of a tunnel in a high water pressure section, the construction method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Use a cutting machine or electric jackhammer to chisel a groove along the seepage crack. The groove should be 5-8cm wide and 8cm deep, and in the shape of an inverted trapezoid. The opening at the top of the groove must be at least 10cm higher than the water outlet and extend downwards to the arch foot, connecting to the drainage pipe at the arch foot to directly drain the seepage water into the roadside ditch.

[0010] Use a steel brush to clean the floating dust in the groove, and then rinse with clean water to ensure that there is no debris in the groove;

[0011] A φ32mm PVC half-pipe is embedded in the groove and extends along the groove to the height of the drainage hole in the tunnel lining, where it is connected to the nearest drainage pipe. The drainage pipe is connected to the drainage ditch.

[0012] Apply a 3cm thick layer of grout to the outside of the drain pipe with a grout ratio of 0.4:1. At the same time, fix the drain pipe with cement nails every 40-50cm, and then use epoxy mortar to smooth it with the concrete surface.

[0013] After the groove surface dries, cement slurry is used for surface finishing. The surface colorant is a mixture of black and white cement slurry, so that the finished color is close to the original concrete color.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes, after the surface of the groove is dried, a cement slurry is used for surface finishing. The surface colorant is a mixture of black and white cement slurry, so that the finished color is close to the original concrete color. The process further includes:

[0015] Scanning instruments are used to acquire the size and location information of the monitoring tunnel, forming point cloud data;

[0016] Point cloud data is used in CAD with the Cloudworx plugin to obtain plan, elevation and section drawings of the monitored tunnel, so as to read the tunnel size, shape and internal facility layout.

[0017] The acquired point cloud data is modeled using Cyclone software to construct a mesh model, and then a digital model of the monitored tunnel leakage is established through texture mapping or mapping.

[0018] The distribution of tunnel seepage water can be obtained by observing the model.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above solutions, a scanning instrument is used to acquire the size and location information of the monitoring tunnel to form point cloud data, including:

[0020] The testing vehicle is started. The testing vehicle is equipped with a scanner, which emits laser light using the scanner's laser emitter.

[0021] The scanner's lens receives the laser signal reflected from the surface of the object being scanned. Based on a stable quartz clock, the time difference between the emitted and received signals is counted. The scanner's microprocessor processes the raw data to calculate the distance between the object being scanned and the scanner.

[0022] To achieve a full-range scan of the object, the scanner is moved and the surface of the object is repeatedly measured using a projected laser. The point cloud data collected is then calculated using the principle of laser to establish the shape of the object in three-dimensional coordinate space.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes, the leakage risk index level includes P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 levels, wherein P1 level indicates that the probability of tunnel leakage hazards is low; P2 level indicates that tunnel leakage hazards may occur less than three times; P3 level indicates that tunnel leakage hazards may occur more than three times; P4 level indicates that tunnel leakage hazards may occur a relatively large number of times; and P5 level indicates that tunnel leakage hazards may occur frequently.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes, the grout concentration is determined based on the water absorption rate q of the tunnel surrounding rock. The higher the water absorption rate q, the stronger the permeability of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the grout concentration should also increase accordingly. The formula for calculating the water absorption rate q is: Where Q is the water absorption rate of the borehole per unit time, H is the pressure used during the test, and h is the length of the test borehole.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes, the inspection vehicle is also equipped with a CCD camera. While the inspection vehicle moves along the tunnel direction, the CCD camera acquires images of the tunnel interior and converts the image signals into digital images. The digital images are then transmitted to an industrial control computer, which processes the digital images. The result of the processing is that the crack target is separated from the background area. The crack images are further classified and parameter values ​​are calculated. The calculated crack parameters are compared with the crack evaluation standard to obtain the crack damage level.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes, the inspection vehicle is further equipped with an infrared distance sensor and a lighting system. The infrared distance sensor is used to detect the distance between the inspection vehicle and the inner wall of the tunnel. When the inspection vehicle approaches the tunnel, the CCD camera is activated and the lighting system is turned on. When the inspection vehicle leaves the tunnel, the infrared distance sensor gives a corresponding signal, and the CCD camera and the lighting system are turned off.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above solutions, the inspection vehicle is further equipped with a speed sensor, which is used to collect the driving speed of the inspection vehicle in real time.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes, the speed calculation formula for the detection vehicle during the detection process is as follows:

[0029] V = π × D × f × 3.6 / N (km / h), where D is the diameter of the detected vehicle wheel, f is the output pulse frequency of the sensor in Hz, and N is the number of pulses emitted by the sensor for one revolution of the wheel.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes, the CCD camera has five cameras.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art.

[0032] By using a cutting machine or electric jackhammer to chisel grooves along the seepage cracks and directly draining the seepage water into the roadside ditch, a φ32mm PVC half-pipe is buried in the groove and connected along the groove to the height of the drainage hole in the tunnel lining, and then connected to the nearest drainage pipe. Finally, a 3cm thick layer of grout is applied to the outside of the drainage pipe. Depending on the severity of the leakage and the ease of construction, water-stopping treatment and drainage treatment can be adopted.

[0033] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. Some specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in an exemplary and non-limiting manner. The same reference numerals in the drawings designate the same or similar parts or components. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction method for treating leakage cracks in the lining of tunnels under high water pressure, according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of laser scanner measurement for the construction method of treating leakage cracks in the lining of tunnels under high water pressure, as described in this invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel lining crack detection system for the construction method of treating leakage in the high water pressure section of the tunnel lining according to the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that these accompanying drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. The elements in the drawings are schematic and not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0042] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0043] The following embodiments of this application use the construction method for treating the leakage of lining cracks in the high water pressure section of a tunnel as an example to illustrate the solution of this application. However, this embodiment does not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a construction method for treating leakage in the lining cracks of a tunnel in a high water pressure section, the construction method comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Use a cutting machine or electric jackhammer to chisel a groove along the seepage crack. The groove should be 5-8cm wide and 8cm deep, and in the shape of an inverted trapezoid. The opening at the top of the groove must be at least 10cm higher than the water outlet. The groove should extend downwards to the arch foot and connect to the drainage pipe at the arch foot to directly drain the seepage water into the roadside ditch.

[0046] Step 2: Use a steel brush to clean the floating dust in the groove, and then rinse with clean water to ensure that there are no debris in the groove;

[0047] Step 3: Embed a φ32mm PVC half-pipe in the groove, extending it along the groove to the height of the drainage hole in the tunnel lining, and connect it to the nearest drainage pipe. The drainage pipe is connected to the drainage ditch.

[0048] Step 3: Apply a 3cm thick layer of grout to the outside of the drain pipe with a grout ratio of 0.4:1. At the same time, fix the drain pipe with cement nails every 40-50cm, and then use epoxy mortar to smooth it with the concrete surface.

[0049] Step 4: After the groove surface dries, use cement slurry to finish the surface. Use a mixture of black and white cement slurry to make the finished color close to the original concrete color.

[0050] In the construction method for treating leakage in the lining cracks of tunnels under high water pressure as described in this embodiment of the invention, grooves are cut along the tunnel lining cracks and leakage points using a cutting machine and then rinsed clean with water. Leakage-stopping material is then filled in and sealed and leveled with cement waterproof mortar. After the waterproof mortar reaches a certain strength, a layer of polyurethane leak-stopping and waterproofing material is applied. The leak-stopping material is a polymer cement-based quick-setting waterproofing material, and the polyurethane leak-stopping and waterproofing coating is a single-component polyurethane waterproofing coating. The chiseling and filling method requires the filling material to have low strength, high elongation, and high adhesion.

[0051] During repair, shallow grouting can also be used. For example, waterproof material is prepared into a grout, and holes are drilled in the cracks or cavities, grouting pipes are buried and sealed, and then the grout is injected into the cracks or cavities where water is leaking through a pressure pump. The grout diffuses, gels or solidifies in the grout to block the cracks and cavities, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing seepage and stopping leakage. Therefore, grouting can heal cracks and defects, restore the integrity of the structure, enhance the structural strength, and prevent water from entering the cracks and corroding the steel bars. Because the cracks are small and difficult to inject, the grouting material is required to have good injectability, easy adjustment and control of the gelation time, high strength, strong adhesion, good durability, environmental protection, and economy. It should be able to bond tightly with the concrete to make it a complete and solid whole. It is also required that the grout material has sufficient strength after solidification to effectively fill the weak defects of the lining concrete.

[0052] During grouting, the grout diffusion radius is the effective range of grouting. It is related to factors such as grout consistency, setting time, grouting pressure, grouting volume, and the size of surrounding rock fissures. The grout diffusion radius increases with the increase of surrounding rock permeability coefficient, grouting pressure, and grouting time, and decreases with the increase of grout concentration and consistency. According to engineering experience, the actual effective diffusion radius of grout mainly composed of water glass is 0.5-2.0m, while the diffusion radius of cement grout in different surrounding rock fissures is 2.0-6.0m.

[0053] Grouting pressure directly affects the grouting effect, and its magnitude depends on factors such as the size of the surrounding rock fissures, grout concentration, expected diffusion radius, and hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressures. When an appropriate grouting pressure is applied, the grout is full, the stone mass has high strength, and good stability. However, excessive grouting pressure can cause the surrounding rock fissures to enlarge, leading to excessive grout loss and grout leakage from the working face. In practical applications, the maximum grouting pressure is generally 0.2-0.4 MPa. The grout concentration is determined based on the water absorption rate q of the tunnel surrounding rock. The higher the water absorption rate q, the stronger the permeability of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the higher the grout concentration should be. The formula for calculating the water absorption rate q is: Where Q is the water absorption rate per unit time, H is the pressure used during the test, and h is the length of the test borehole. The commonly used cement grout concentration is 1.5:1-0.5:1. Due to the high initial concentration of the cement grout, especially in the initial grouting stage, the grout should be appropriately diluted to increase the diffusion radius and extend the grouting time. To ensure the effective diffusion range of the grout and thus obtain a better grouting effect, a sufficient amount of grout should be injected into the surrounding rock fissures. The grout injection volume Q(M) 3 A rough estimate can be made based on the diffusion radius and the surrounding rock fracture ratio, where Q = πr 2 Hηβ, where H is the length of the grouting section, η is the fracture ratio of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and β is the effective filling coefficient of the grout in the fractures of the surrounding rock, which is taken as 0.3-0.9.

[0054] The number and location distribution of grouting holes directly affect the grouting effect. During the layout of grouting locations, factors such as the distribution of groundwater in the surrounding rock, the state of rock fissures, grouting equipment, and the effective diffusion radius of the grout should be comprehensively considered. An analytical method combining calculation and drawing should be used, and the final decision should be made after comparing different options. The layout of grouting holes should employ a combination of long and short grouting pipes in a radial distribution. The inclination of the grouting holes should vary with the length of the grouting section. The distance from the end of the grouting hole to the tunnel excavation profile is generally 0.5-10 times the tunnel excavation height. The location of the grouting holes should be well adapted to the direction of water inflow and geological conditions. In locations above the water flow direction or the inclined rock strata, the borehole end can be further from the tunnel excavation profile, and the hole spacing should be appropriately increased. When using a high-power, high-pressure grouting pump, the grouting pressure can be appropriately increased, and grouting materials with better pressure injection performance can be used to improve drilling quality and reduce borehole deviation, thereby appropriately reducing the number of grouting holes.

[0055] During grouting construction, the grouting method can be comprehensively determined based on factors such as borehole water inflow, fracture development, and grouting equipment capacity. Grouting methods mainly include segmented grouting and full-section grouting. Segmented grouting is further divided into ascending and descending types. Ascending grouting allows the grouting hole to be drilled to the designed full depth in one go, using a grout stopper to grout from the bottom of the hole outwards in segments, eliminating the need for repeated drilling and resulting in faster grouting speed. It is suitable for situations where the surrounding rock is stable and fractures and joints are not well-developed. Descending grouting, on the other hand, involves alternating grouting holes from the outside in during drilling until the full depth is reached. After grouting the upper section, pressure can be obtained during grouting at the lower end, resulting in better water-stopping effects. It is suitable for situations where the surrounding rock is fractured and fractures and joints are well-developed. Full-section grouting involves drilling the grouting hole to the designed full depth in one go and completing the grouting in one operation. Its construction process is simple, significantly shortening the construction period, and it is suitable for situations where the grouting depth is small and the surrounding rock fractures and joints are evenly distributed.

[0056] Furthermore, after the surface of the groove has dried, a cement slurry is used for surface finishing. The surface colorant is a mixture of black and white cement slurry, ensuring the finished color closely matches the original concrete color. This process also includes:

[0057] Scanning instruments are used to acquire the size and location information of the monitoring tunnel, forming point cloud data;

[0058] Point cloud data is used in CAD with the Cloudworx plugin to obtain plan, elevation and section drawings of the monitored tunnel, so as to read the tunnel size, shape and internal facility layout.

[0059] The acquired point cloud data is modeled using Cyclone software to construct a mesh model, and then a digital model of the monitored tunnel leakage is established through texture mapping or mapping.

[0060] The distribution of tunnel seepage water can be obtained by observing the model.

[0061] In the construction method for treating lining cracks and leakage in high-water-pressure sections of tunnels according to the embodiments of the present invention, the scanning instrument is a three-dimensional laser scanner. The three-dimensional laser scanner operates on a mobile carrier, reducing instrument wear and tear and labor requirements. An automated device that propels the three-dimensional laser scanner is arranged along the tunnel direction, powered by electricity. The three-dimensional laser scanning detection device also includes an adjustment mechanism for controlling the on / off state of the drive motor and the moving speed of the onboard mobile device. The data processing component includes a data processor for filtering and processing the received sampled data to identify critical areas and danger points. The mobile machine moves along the length of the tunnel to drive the three-dimensional scanner, allowing the scanner to scan different areas of the tunnel, thus improving detection efficiency. The mobile machine safety detection device has a simple structure, high detection accuracy, and comprehensive scanning range, enabling simple, accurate, and rapid detection of tunnel leakage. It can also be connected to the Internet of Things to diagnose the problem.

[0062] Among the images presented by the 3D laser scanner, a small area of ​​red point cloud was observed at the top of the tunnel in the cross-sectional view. One point cloud was identified per 20m. 2 Leakage points were identified, with one point having a maximum area that met the criteria for dripping. Analysis revealed a small number of leaks in this area, leading to a comprehensive assessment that the monitored area exhibited significant dripping. Further diagnosis of water leakage was then conducted in this area under the monitoring of the Internet of Things (IoT) system. This invention, at the diagnostic output end of the IoT application layer, classifies water leakage diagnosis in the IoT system into four levels based on the severity of damage caused by different levels of water leakage. For mild wetting and seepage, the tunnel can be maintained normally. When dripping water is detected, the diagnostic module of the entire tunnel water leakage monitoring IoT system issues an orange signal, requiring increased routine inspections and preparation of a dripping treatment plan to prevent further expansion of the leakage. If a surge is detected in the tunnel, the IoT early warning module issues a yellow warning, requiring maintenance personnel to immediately implement management and suspension measures and promptly arrive on-site to eliminate the problem and prevent electrical network failures caused by water accumulation. If a jetting water flow is detected, the early warning port issues a red warning, requiring all departments to cooperate in eliminating tunnel hazards and ensuring the safe evacuation of personnel. Simultaneously, timely emergency repairs and waterproofing treatment of the tunnel structure at the spraying point are necessary.

[0063] Furthermore, scanning instruments are used to acquire the size and location information of the monitoring tunnel, forming point cloud data, including:

[0064] The testing vehicle is started. The testing vehicle is equipped with a scanner, which emits laser light using the scanner's laser emitter.

[0065] The scanner's lens receives the laser signal reflected from the surface of the object being scanned. Based on a stable quartz clock, the time difference between the emitted and received signals is counted. The scanner's microprocessor processes the raw data to calculate the distance between the object being scanned and the scanner.

[0066] To achieve a full-range scan of the object, the scanner is moved and the surface of the object is repeatedly measured using a projected laser. The point cloud data collected is then calculated using the principle of laser to establish the shape of the object in three-dimensional coordinate space.

[0067] In the construction method for treating leakage cracks in the lining of tunnels under high water pressure as described in this embodiment of the invention, the three-dimensional laser scanner adopts three-dimensional laser scanning technology, also known as "High Definition Surveying" or HDS for short, which is a real-scene replication technology. Through three-dimensional laser scanning, the surface point information of the object can be quickly and accurately obtained, and then the data processing can present a simulated scene of the object.

[0068] Furthermore, the inspection vehicle is also equipped with a CCD camera. As the vehicle moves along the tunnel, the CCD camera captures images of the tunnel interior and converts the image signals into digital images. These digital images are then transmitted to an industrial control computer, which processes them to separate the crack targets from the background area. The computer further classifies the crack images and calculates parameter values, comparing the calculated crack parameters with crack evaluation standards to determine the crack damage level. The inspection vehicle is also equipped with an infrared distance sensor and a lighting system. The infrared distance sensor detects the distance between the inspection vehicle and the tunnel wall. When the vehicle approaches the tunnel, the CCD camera activates and the lighting system turns on. When the vehicle leaves the tunnel, the infrared distance sensor provides a corresponding signal, and the CCD camera and lighting system turn off. The inspection vehicle is also equipped with a speed sensor to collect its real-time speed. The speed calculation formula for the inspection vehicle during the inspection process is as follows:

[0069] V = π × D × f × 3.6 / N (km / h), where D is the diameter of the detected vehicle wheel, f is the output pulse frequency of the sensor in Hz, and N is the number of pulses emitted by the sensor for one revolution of the wheel.

[0070] In the construction method for treating lining cracks and leakage in high-water-pressure sections of tunnels described in this embodiment of the invention, a CCD camera is mounted on a retractable bracket at the rear of the inspection vehicle. As the inspection vehicle moves along the tunnel direction, the CCD camera acquires images. Then, the image signal acquired by the CCD is converted into a digital signal that can be recognized and processed by the industrial control computer through an image acquisition card. Finally, the digital image is processed, and the result is that the crack target is separated from the background area. The crack image is further classified and parameter values ​​are calculated. The calculated crack parameters are compared with the crack evaluation standard to obtain the crack damage level, ensuring the safety of the tunnel.

[0071] The image acquisition section consists of an image acquisition card, a CCD camera, a positioning system, a speed sensor, and a distance sensor. The infrared distance sensor activates when the inspection vehicle approaches the tunnel. Upon entering the tunnel, the infrared distance sensor triggers the image acquisition system to start. When the inspection system starts, it first initializes each module, including setting parameters for the image acquisition card and CCD camera, and then activates the lighting system. When the inspection vehicle leaves the tunnel, the infrared distance sensor sends a corresponding signal, and the image acquisition equipment shuts down. The speed sensor coordinates the frequency at which the camera acquires image data of the tunnel lining with the speed of the inspection vehicle.

[0072] To ensure the quality of the acquired images, a bracket is used to fix the CCD camera. Therefore, to obtain a complete image of the tunnel lining surface, the CCD camera must be mounted on a retractable bracket at the rear of the inspection vehicle. The bracket is designed to be mounted on the inspection vehicle, minimizing damage to the vehicle. The bracket needs to incorporate shock absorption devices to reduce the impact of vehicle vibration on image quality. The following requirements must be met during image acquisition: Image acquisition accuracy: Since a 1mm wide crack needs to be detected, the measured crack parameters must be accurate to 1mm. Therefore, a 10-megapixel (3648*2736) camera is selected. Because linear CCD cameras have high light intensity requirements, this invention uses an area-array CCD camera to acquire images of the tunnel lining. This invention employs an Xcelera-CLPX4Full image acquisition card to ensure rapid acquisition of tunnel lining images. Since crack images have relatively simple color and texture, and black-and-white images have fast transmission speeds, a black-and-white CCD camera is sufficient for the system requirements. To achieve tunnel lining inspection within a limited time, the vehicle's speed must be limited, initially requiring a speed of 10 km / h or higher. To ensure a safe assessment of the tunnel, a comprehensive inspection of the tunnel lining is necessary, requiring complete inspection without omissions during image acquisition. In actual acquisition, to ensure the integrity of the tunnel lining images, overlapping areas between adjacent cameras are required. The inspection vehicle designed in this invention is equipped with five CCD cameras.

[0073] The inspection vehicle is equipped with a positioning system, which is crucial throughout the inspection process. When the vehicle-mounted system approaches the tunnel, it sends a signal to trigger the image acquisition unit to start; when it leaves the tunnel, it sends a corresponding prompt signal to trigger the acquisition unit to shut down. During the inspection, to determine the location of cracks, the tunnel entrance at entry is set as the starting point, and another entrance as the ending point. The system's operating speed and distance are monitored in real time. Infrared distance sensors are chosen because they can not only determine whether the inspection vehicle has entered the tunnel, but also have advantages such as moderate cost and strong anti-interference capabilities.

[0074] The detection system operates for extended periods, and all its components rely on a power source. Therefore, a stable power supply system is essential to ensure continuous power for all parts. The lighting system and industrial control computer require 220V AC power, while the CCD camera, image acquisition card, and positioning system require 12V DC power. The AC power is provided by the detection vehicle's onboard generator, and the DC power is supplied by a 12V battery. Typically, the lighting intensity inside tunnels is insufficient, and the dark color of the concrete can lead to poor image quality, increasing the difficulty of crack image identification and feature extraction. Therefore, to ensure image quality and lay the foundation for subsequent image processing, feature recognition, and extraction, this invention incorporates a lighting system. The design of the lighting system must consider the intensity of the light; insufficient light results in low contrast, while excessive light intensity leads to energy waste. The uniformity of the light source is also crucial for image acquisition. LED light sources offer advantages such as high color purity, strong directionality, and easy control of light intensity distribution. Furthermore, they are low-cost and easy to install. Therefore, LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights are selected for the lighting equipment in the tunnel lining crack detection system proposed in this paper. The LED lighting device is fixed to both sides of the camera using brackets, ensuring sufficient brightness for the acquisition system during image acquisition. During automatic detection, the LED light source is adjusted according to the actual situation to meet the illumination requirements for image acquisition.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A construction method for treating leakage of a lining crack of a tunnel high water pressure section, characterized by, The construction method includes the following steps: Use a cutting machine or electric jackhammer to chisel a groove along the seepage crack. The groove should be 5-8cm wide and 8cm deep, and in the shape of an inverted trapezoid. The opening at the top of the groove should be more than 10cm above the water outlet and extend downwards to the arch foot, where it should be connected to the drainage pipe at the arch foot to directly drain the seepage water into the roadside ditch. Use a steel brush to clean the floating dust in the groove, and then rinse with clean water to ensure that there is no debris in the groove; A φ32mm PVC half-pipe is embedded in the groove and extends along the groove to the height of the drainage hole in the tunnel lining, where it is connected to the nearest drainage pipe. The drainage pipe is connected to the drainage ditch. Apply a 3cm thick layer of grout to the outside of the drain pipe with a grout ratio of 0.4:

1. At the same time, fix the drain pipe with cement nails every 40-50cm, and then use epoxy mortar to smooth it with the concrete surface. After the groove surface dries, cement slurry is used for surface finishing. The surface colorant is a mixture of black and white cement slurry, so that the finished color is close to the original concrete color. The process also includes: using a scanning instrument to acquire the size and location information of the monitored tunnel to form point cloud data; using the point cloud data in CAD with the Cloudworx plugin to obtain the plan view, elevation view and section view of the monitored tunnel to read the tunnel size, shape and internal facility layout; using Cyclone software to model the acquired point cloud data to construct a mesh model, and then using texture mapping or mapping to establish a digital model of the monitored tunnel seepage water; observing the model to obtain the distribution of tunnel seepage water.

2. The construction method for treating a leakage of a lining crack of a tunnel high water pressure section according to claim 1, characterized in that, Scanning instruments are used to acquire the size and location information of the monitoring tunnel, forming point cloud data, including: The testing vehicle is started. The testing vehicle is equipped with a scanner, which emits laser light using the scanner's laser emitter. The scanner's lens receives the laser signal reflected from the surface of the object being scanned. Based on a stable quartz clock, the time difference between the emitted and received signals is counted. The scanner's microprocessor processes the raw data to calculate the distance between the object being scanned and the scanner. To achieve a full-range scan of the object, the scanner is moved and the object's surface is repeatedly measured using a projected laser. The point cloud data collected is then calculated using the principle of the laser to establish the object's shape in three-dimensional coordinate space.

3. The construction method for treating a leakage of a lining crack of a tunnel high water pressure section according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water leakage risk index is divided into four levels: P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5. Level P1 indicates a low probability of water leakage hazards occurring in the tunnel; Level P2 indicates that water leakage hazards may occur less than three times; Level P3 indicates that water leakage hazards may occur more than three times; Level P4 indicates that water leakage hazards may occur a relatively large number of times; and Level P5 indicates that water leakage hazards may occur frequently.

4. The construction method for treating a leakage of a lining crack of a tunnel high water pressure section according to claim 3, characterized in that, The concentration of the slurry is determined based on the water absorption rate q of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The larger the water absorption rate q, the stronger the permeability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the concentration of the slurry should also increase accordingly. The formula for calculating the water absorption rate q is: where Q is the amount of water absorbed by the borehole per unit time, H is the pressure used during the test, and h is the length of the test borehole.

5. The construction method for treating the leakage of the lining cracks of the high water pressure section of the tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inspection vehicle is also equipped with a CCD camera. As the inspection vehicle moves along the tunnel direction, the CCD camera acquires images of the tunnel interior and converts the image signals into digital images. The digital images are then transmitted to an industrial control computer, which processes the digital images. The result of the processing is that the crack target is separated from the background area. The crack images are further classified and parameter values ​​are calculated. The calculated crack parameters are compared with crack evaluation standards to determine the crack damage level.

6. The construction method for treating a leakage of a lining crack of a tunnel high water pressure section according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inspection vehicle is also equipped with an infrared distance sensor and a lighting system. The infrared distance sensor is used to detect the distance between the inspection vehicle and the inner wall of the tunnel. When the inspection vehicle approaches the tunnel, the CCD camera is activated and the lighting system is turned on. When the inspection vehicle leaves the tunnel, the infrared distance sensor gives a corresponding signal and the CCD camera and lighting system are turned off.

7. The construction method for treating a leakage of a lining crack of a tunnel high water pressure section according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inspection vehicle is also equipped with a speed sensor, which is used to collect the vehicle's speed in real time.

8. The construction method for treating a leakage of a lining crack of a tunnel high water pressure section according to claim 7, characterized in that, The speed calculation formula for the inspection vehicle during the inspection process is as follows: V = π × D × f × 3.6 / N (km / h), where D is the diameter of the detected vehicle wheel, f is the output pulse frequency of the sensor in Hz, and N is the number of pulses emitted by the sensor for one revolution of the wheel.

9. The construction method for treating leakage in the lining cracks of a tunnel in a high water pressure section according to claim 8, characterized in that, The CCD camera has five.

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