A rotatable laterally pressurized hoop, longitudinal two-dimensional shear component and device

Abstract

The application discloses a rotatable lateral pressure ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component and device, which comprises a test piece shearing mechanism and a lateral rotation pressure mechanism; the test piece shearing mechanism comprises a first shearing assembly and a second shearing assembly; the first shearing assembly can rotate relative to the second shearing assembly under the drive of an external different transmission mechanism; meanwhile, the first shearing assembly can also move longitudinally relative to the second shearing assembly, so as to realize ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing; the lateral rotation pressure mechanism takes a lower guide rail plate as a bearing and comprises a rotating mechanism and a lateral pressure mechanism; the rotating mechanism is used for supporting the lateral pressure mechanism and adjusting the pressure direction and position of the lateral pressure mechanism; the lateral pressure mechanism is arranged on the rotating mechanism and is used for applying loads with different directions and sizes to different positions of the test piece. The application can realize synchronous ring and longitudinal shearing of a circular structure surface, and can also provide a normal load through the lateral rotation pressure mechanism to simulate stress conditions under a complex service environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shearing components, specifically to a rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component and device. More particularly, it relates to a rotatable laterally pressurized shearing component and device suitable for circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing of circular structural surfaces, and more particularly to a rotatable laterally pressurized shearing component and device with a circular structural surface as the shearing surface, shearing directions in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the contact interface, and flexible normal pressurization. Background Technology

[0002] In today's era of rapid scientific and technological development, interface problems have become ubiquitous, both macroscopically and microscopically, and have become one of the technical challenges that scientific researchers and engineers must overcome. From a macroscopic perspective, the interfaces between various materials and their junctions—such as the interfaces between pipes and soil, pile foundations and soil, various column structures and other materials, thin-film coating interfaces, mechanical interfaces between transmission components, interfaces between functional devices and load-bearing components, and interlaminar interfaces of composite laminates—have a significant impact on the overall load-bearing capacity, efficiency, service life, and reliability of materials or structures. From a microscopic perspective, the mechanical behavior of interfaces such as those between fibers and matrix materials, grain interfaces, interfaces between particulate reinforcements and the matrix, and interfaces between intermediaries and the matrix is ​​of great importance for the performance design and development of advanced materials and the accurate evaluation of their structural lifespan.

[0003] Because the interface between materials is a weak structural layer relative to the matrix, most damage and failure of components occur or originate at the interface, and energy loss in transmission systems is mainly caused by friction at the interface. With the rapid development of science and technology, the industrial application of various functional materials, composite materials, and other advanced materials is constantly expanding, and the mechanical properties of the interface between different matrices are receiving increasing attention. Regarding the macroscopic shear mechanics properties of material interfaces, scholars both domestically and internationally have invented many shear testing devices and methods, involving various shear components for different specimens. However, most of these shear components and devices, in order to simplify the material model, treat the material interface as a planar structure for direct shearing.

[0004] In practical engineering, the interface between structures such as pipes, pile foundations, and columns and other materials is usually a circular structural surface. Some studies on circular structural surfaces, due to constraints in loading methods, primarily focus on the longitudinal shear mechanical properties. In studies on the longitudinal direct shear mechanical properties of circular structural surfaces, due to the direct shear loading method, only longitudinal direct shear tests are conducted on local circular structural surfaces. The application method of normal loads to the structural surface is relatively simple, making it impossible to achieve more complex load applications. Furthermore, material contact interfaces in practical engineering are often complete circular structural surfaces, making it difficult to reflect the true mechanical properties of the interface from studies of only local circular structural surfaces. Moreover, cylindrical structural surfaces of materials are often affected by both longitudinal and circumferential forces during use, making it difficult to reflect the true mechanical properties of the interface from only the longitudinal or circumferential perspective. For example, patent document CN110044726A discloses a ring shear test system suitable for soil-rock contact surfaces, which can simulate the progressive failure behavior of soil sliding bodies along structural surfaces on rock sliding beds. It includes an upper shear box and a lower shear box, with a rotating platform detachably connected to the lower shear box. A pore water pressure sensor is installed inside the upper shear box. Patent document CN110987660A discloses a ring shear test device that can simulate the contact surface strength relationship under different loads and deformations, and can simultaneously obtain the shear displacement-shear stress relationship and the shear displacement-normal displacement relationship. The specimen shearing components and devices in these patent documents cannot achieve two-dimensional shearing in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions, nor can they achieve flexible normal pressure application.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rotatable lateral pressure shearing component and device suitable for shearing surfaces with circular structures, shearing directions in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the contact interface, and flexible normal pressure application. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a rotatable, laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear component and device. This device can be applied to circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear mechanical response tests of circular structural surfaces under circumferential normal loads, facilitating simulation studies of two-dimensional shear of circular structural surfaces under loads of varying locations and magnitudes. This shear component and device offer significant flexibility, allowing the application of different loads at different locations. It can accurately obtain the mechanical parameters of the material and the two-dimensional bond-slip properties of the material interface, contributing to the study of the two-dimensional shear mechanical mechanism of circular structural surfaces such as pipes, pile foundations, and columns, as well as the interface strength mechanism under different loads.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] First, this invention provides a rotatable, laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component, comprising: a specimen shearing mechanism and a lateral rotational pressurization mechanism; wherein,

[0009] The specimen shearing mechanism includes a first shearing assembly and a second shearing assembly. The first shearing assembly is a structure that can accommodate internal material A, formed by an upper torsion disc as the top component and a lower torsion disc as the bottom component, which are set at a preset distance apart and fixedly connected by fixing bolts. The second shearing assembly is a structure that can accommodate external material B, formed by a lower guide plate as the bottom component and a second movable element. The upper torsion disc is provided with a transmission shaft connection hole. The lower guide plate is provided with a first center hole at its center. Under the drive of an external torsion transmission mechanism, the first shearing assembly can rotate relative to the second shearing assembly. At the same time, under the drive of an external longitudinal motion drive mechanism, the first shearing assembly can move longitudinally relative to the second shearing assembly to achieve circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing.

[0010] The lateral rotational pressurization mechanism uses the lower guide plate of the second shearing assembly as a support. An upper guide plate is arranged parallel above the lower guide plate. The upper guide plate has a second central hole at its center, which is coaxial with the first central hole. The lateral rotational pressurization mechanism includes a rotation mechanism and a lateral pressurization mechanism. The rotation mechanism is located between the upper and lower guide plates and is used to support the lateral pressurization mechanism and adjust its pressure direction and position. The lateral pressurization mechanism is mounted on the rotation mechanism and is used to apply loads of different directions and magnitudes to different positions of the specimen.

[0011] The rotating mechanism includes an upper and lower annular guide rails, each with its center as the center, arranged on the surfaces of the upper and lower guide rails respectively. It also includes movable upper and lower sliders, each arranged within the upper and lower guide rails. The upper and lower sliders form a slider pair, which is connected by a support column. The support column is used to fix the lateral pressure mechanism and is perpendicular to the upper and lower sliders, allowing the slider pair to move synchronously within the upper and lower guide rails.

[0012] During operation, driven by the external torsional transmission mechanism, the first shearing assembly can rotate relative to the second shearing assembly. The internal material A in the first shearing assembly relative to the external material B in the second shearing assembly generates circumferential shearing along the contact surface between the two. Driven by the external longitudinal motion transmission mechanism, the first shearing assembly can move longitudinally relative to the second shearing assembly. The internal material A in the first shearing assembly relative to the external material B in the second shearing assembly generates longitudinal shearing along the contact surface between the two.

[0013] The radius of the first central hole on the lower guide plate is the same as the radius of the lower torsion disk, and the first central hole facilitates the material to be removed from it after longitudinal shearing.

[0014] The second center hole on the upper guide plate is coaxial with the first center hole. It is mainly used for the transmission shaft of the torsion drive mechanism and the torque sensor to pass through the plate and connect to the first shear assembly.

[0015] Preferably, the upper and lower guide rails have the same dimensions to ensure that the slider rotates synchronously, so as to ensure that the pressure applied by the lateral pressure motor is strictly perpendicular to the outer wall of the specimen.

[0016] The upper torque disk and the lower torsion disk are the same size to better hold the internal material A.

[0017] Furthermore, the lateral pressurization mechanism includes a lateral pressurization motor, a lateral pressure transmission shaft, a lateral pressure sensor, and a gasket; the lateral pressurization motor is connected to the gasket through the lateral pressure transmission shaft, the lateral pressure sensor is mounted on the lateral pressure transmission shaft, and the lateral pressurization motor, the lateral pressure transmission shaft, the lateral pressure sensor, and the gasket are integrated into a whole and fixed to the support column by a support block.

[0018] Preferably, the support block has holes that match the support column, and the support column passes through the holes to achieve a fixed connection between the two. The support column in the rotating mechanism and the support block of the lateral pressurizing mechanism can ensure that the lateral pressurizing motor and the load application position of the specimen are on the same horizontal plane, ensuring that the normal pressure is applied horizontally.

[0019] Furthermore,

[0020] The gasket has the same dimensions as the outer wall of the specimen, and the lateral pressure transmission shaft acts in the middle of the gasket.

[0021] Preferably, the gasket of the lateral pressurization mechanism can be adjusted and replaced according to the size, height, and shape of its corresponding central angle, as well as its shape, according to the loading requirements. Because the gasket has the same dimensions as the outer wall of the specimen, and the lateral pressure transmission shaft acts in the middle of the gasket, the pressure is directed towards the center of the transmission shaft, ensuring strict normal pressure application. This ensures uniform stress on the specimen and avoids eccentric compression. The load is evenly distributed on the outer wall of the specimen, and the pressure direction points towards the center, guaranteeing strict normal load application.

[0022] Furthermore, the number of slider pairs is at least one set, and correspondingly, the number of support columns is at least one; each support column can be provided with at least one lateral pressure mechanism; the rotating mechanism can fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the circumferential direction of the specimen, and at the same time, it can also fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the longitudinal direction of the specimen.

[0023] This rotating mechanism can flexibly adjust the position and number of lateral pressurization mechanisms in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the specimen according to the test requirements, and can meet the simulation of complex service environments.

[0024] Specifically,

[0025] When only a single constant load needs to be applied to the specimen within a certain central angle range, one lateral compression mechanism can be installed longitudinally on each support column. When different constant loads of varying magnitudes need to be applied longitudinally to the specimen within a certain central angle range, multiple lateral compression mechanisms can be installed longitudinally on each support column. The number of lateral compression mechanisms installed on each support column is selected according to the requirements for the different load positions and magnitudes along the longitudinal direction of the specimen.

[0026] When it is necessary to apply constant loads of different magnitudes to different positions in the circumferential direction of a specimen within a certain central angle range, multiple slider pairs and corresponding support columns can be installed simultaneously in the guide rail to install multiple lateral pressure mechanisms at different positions in the circumferential direction of the specimen.

[0027] Furthermore,

[0028] The rotatable, laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component is suitable for cylindrical specimens, and understandably, it is also suitable for sector-shaped cylindrical specimens.

[0029] For cylindrical specimens, the internal material A is either a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder. For hollow cylinders, the hollow part of the internal material A is filled with a high-strength material as an internal limiting component; the external material B is an annular cylinder.

[0030] For the sector-shaped column specimen, the internal material A is a sector-shaped column or a sector-ring column, and the external material B is a sector-ring column.

[0031] Furthermore,

[0032] For cylindrical specimens, the second movable element constituting the second shearing assembly includes an annular upper fixing plate as a top component, with bolt holes on the upper fixing plate, through which the external material B is fixed inside the second shearing assembly by fixing bolts; for specimens that do not require lateral pressure, the second movable element also includes a cylinder as an external limiting component.

[0033] Furthermore,

[0034] For a sector-shaped cylindrical specimen, the first shearing assembly further includes a first movable element, which includes two side limiting components that fix the internal material A of the sector-shaped cylindrical specimen; correspondingly, the second movable element of the second shearing assembly includes two side limiting components that fix the external material B of the sector-shaped annular cylindrical specimen and an upper fixing plate of the sector-shaped annular specimen; for specimens that do not require lateral pressure, the second movable element further includes a cylinder as an external limiting component.

[0035] Furthermore,

[0036] The lower guide plate has a circular slot at its center. The radius of the slot is the same as the radius of the specimen composed of inner material A and outer material B. The center of the slot is coaxial with the first central hole. The slot is used to determine the position of the specimen and fix the specimen.

[0037] During the experiment, for cylindrical specimens, the internal material A of a solid or hollow cylinder is first combined with the external material B of a ring-shaped cylinder to form the cylindrical specimen. For hollow cylindrical material A, a high-strength material is used to fill the hollow part as the internal limiting material. For sector-shaped cylindrical specimens, the internal material A of the sector or sector-ring is combined with the external material B of the sector-ring cylinder to form the sector-shaped cylindrical specimen, which is then fixed by appropriate limiting components.

[0038] For specimens without lateral loads, a cylinder is placed over the outside of the specimen after it is fixed in place; for specimens with lateral loads, the cylinder is removed and the normal load is applied directly to the outer wall of the specimen by a shim.

[0039] Furthermore, both ends of the lower guide rail plate and the upper guide rail plate are provided with locking blocks or sliding grooves, which are slidably connected to the external fixed bracket through the locking blocks or sliding grooves. Under the drive of the drive mechanism, the overall longitudinal movement of the upper guide rail plate and the lower guide rail plate can be realized.

[0040] Thus, during shearing, the internal material A and the external material B can undergo circumferential and longitudinal shearing along their circular contact interface; simultaneously, the internal material A can detach along the first central hole for easy removal. Since the second shearing assembly has a lower guide plate as its bottom component, and the lateral rotation and pressurizing mechanism also uses the lower guide plate as its load-bearing component, under the action of the longitudinal drive mechanism, the second shearing assembly and the lateral rotation and pressurizing mechanism can synchronously rise and fall along the side plate of the support, ensuring that the normal load applied to the outer wall of the specimen remains constant.

[0041] It is understandable that the upper and lower guide rails are equipped with locking blocks at both ends, and the external fixed bracket is equipped with matching sliding grooves; or, the upper and lower guide rails are equipped with sliding grooves at both ends, and the external fixed bracket is equipped with locking blocks or locking strips, both of which can achieve sliding connection between the two.

[0042] This invention also provides a circular structure surface circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing test device, including the aforementioned rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component, and further including a fixed bracket, a torsion drive mechanism, and a longitudinal motion drive mechanism. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component is slidably mounted longitudinally on the fixed bracket. The torsion drive mechanism is connected to the first shearing component via a torsion drive shaft located in a drive shaft connection hole. The longitudinal motion drive mechanism abuts against the lower guide plate to drive the lower guide plate and the second shearing component (with the lower guide plate as the bottom component) and the laterally rotating pressurized mechanism (with the lower guide plate as the load) to move longitudinally as a whole. The torsion drive mechanism and the longitudinal motion drive mechanism are coaxially fixed in the longitudinal direction of the fixed bracket.

[0043] Furthermore, the torsion drive mechanism applies a torsional circumferential shear force by means of a fixed angular velocity or a fixed torque; the longitudinal motion drive mechanism applies a longitudinal shear force by means of a fixed pressure or a fixed displacement.

[0044] The torsion drive mechanism is connected to a torque sensor to measure the torque generated during circumferential shearing; the longitudinal motion drive mechanism is connected to a longitudinal pressure sensor to measure the torque generated during longitudinal shearing.

[0045] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0046] Compared to existing technologies, the shearing component of this invention can not only achieve unidirectional circumferential shearing or direct longitudinal shearing, but also simultaneous circumferential and longitudinal shearing of circular structural surfaces. When using simultaneous circumferential torsional shearing and longitudinal pressure shearing, the internal material A of the cylindrical specimen rotates relative to the external material B under the drive of the torque transmission mechanism, while the external material B undergoes longitudinal displacement relative to the internal material A under the action of the longitudinal pressure transmission mechanism, thus achieving two-dimensional shearing of the circular structural surface. This invention can meet the needs of two-dimensional shearing of circular structural surfaces under complex stress environments and enables simulation studies of the interfacial adhesive-slip mechanical properties of circular structural surfaces simultaneously subjected to pressure and torsion.

[0047] Furthermore, the specimen shearing mechanism provided by this invention can consider the influence of various factors on the circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structural surface, such as different specimen materials, specimen height, specimen radius, radius of the circular structural surface, whether the specimen is solid or hollow, the corresponding central angle, torsional shear rate, longitudinal direct shear rate, magnitude and position of normal pressure. The circumferential and longitudinal shear forces are provided by an external torsional transmission mechanism and a longitudinal pressure transmission mechanism, respectively, while the lateral pressure mechanism provides a normal load to simulate the stress conditions under complex service environments. Real-time force magnitudes can be obtained through a torque sensor connected to the external torsional transmission mechanism, a longitudinal pressure sensor connected to the longitudinal pressure transmission mechanism, and a lateral pressure sensor connected to the lateral pressure mechanism.

[0048] This invention innovatively designs two guide rails, upper and lower, within which multiple pairs of sliders connected by support columns can be installed. These slider pairs can move synchronously within the two guide rails, and the lateral pressure mechanism is mounted on the support columns. This allows for the installation of multiple lateral pressure mechanisms in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the specimen. The position and number of the lateral pressure mechanisms can be flexibly adjusted in both directions to meet the needs of complex stress environments with varying positions and load magnitudes on the specimen.

[0049] The second shearing component in the shearing component provided by the present invention has a lower guide plate as the bottom component, and the lateral rotation and pressurization mechanism also uses the lower guide plate as the load. It can realize the longitudinal shearing of the circular structural surface by the overall longitudinal movement, while ensuring the stable application of the normal load on the side of the specimen.

[0050] The shearing component provided by this invention is suitable for shear tests where the internal material A and the external material B are a single material or different materials. When the internal material A and the external material B are the same material, mechanical parameters such as the internal friction angle and cohesion of a single material can be obtained. For specimens with two different material combinations, two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of circular structural surfaces can be obtained. This can provide a reliable reference for the study of the circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear stress mechanism of circular structural surfaces such as pipes, pile foundations, and columns with other materials, as well as for technical construction standards, daily maintenance, repair, and evaluation of repair effects. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rotatable lateral pressure circumferential longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inner side structure of the upper guide rail plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inner side structure of the upper guide rail plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a front view schematic diagram of a single lateral pressurization mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A top-view structural diagram.

[0057] Figure 6 This is a front view schematic diagram of the mounting structure of multiple lateral pressurization mechanisms in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the dual-flange torque sensor in the device

[0061] Figure 10 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal motion drive mechanism in the device.

[0062] Figure 11 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the side plate of the fixed bracket in the device.

[0063] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first fixing member in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second fastener in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third fastener in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth fixing member in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0069] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0070] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0071] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] like Figure 1-15 As shown, this embodiment provides a rotatable, laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component, including: a specimen shearing mechanism and a lateral rotational pressurization mechanism; wherein,

[0074] The specimen shearing mechanism includes a first shearing assembly and a second shearing assembly. The first shearing assembly is a structure that can accommodate internal material A, formed by an upper torsion disc 3 as the top component and a lower torsion disc 4 as the bottom component, which are set at a preset distance and fixedly connected by fixing bolts 5. The second shearing assembly is a structure that can accommodate external material B, formed by a lower guide plate 12 as the bottom component and a second movable element. The upper torsion disc 3 is provided with a transmission shaft connection hole 2-1 for connecting the torsion transmission shaft 2 to an external drive mechanism. The lower guide plate 12 is provided with a first center hole 31 at its center. Under the drive of the external torsion transmission mechanism, the first shearing assembly can rotate relative to the second shearing assembly. At the same time, under the drive of the external longitudinal motion drive mechanism, the first shearing assembly can move longitudinally relative to the second shearing assembly to achieve circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing.

[0075] The lateral rotational pressurization mechanism uses the lower guide plate 12 of the second shearing assembly as a support. An upper guide plate 10 is arranged parallel above the lower guide plate 12. The upper guide plate 10 has a second central hole 36 at its center, which is coaxial with the first central hole 31. The lateral rotational pressurization mechanism includes a rotation mechanism and a lateral pressurization mechanism. The rotation mechanism is located between the upper guide plate 10 and the lower guide plate 12 and is used to support the lateral pressurization mechanism and adjust the pressure direction and position of the lateral pressurization mechanism. The lateral pressurization mechanism is set on the rotation mechanism and is used to apply loads of different directions and magnitudes to different positions of the specimen.

[0076] The rotating mechanism includes an upper guide rail 13 and a lower guide rail 20, each arranged in an annular shape with the center of the upper guide rail plate 10 and the lower guide rail plate 12 respectively, and a movable upper slider and a lower slider 14 respectively arranged within the upper guide rail 13 and the lower guide rail 20. The upper slider and the lower slider 14 form a slider pair, which is connected by a support column 11. The support column 11 is used to fix the lateral pressure mechanism, and the support column 11 is perpendicular to the upper slider and the lower slider 14, so that the slider pair can move synchronously within the upper guide rail 13 and the lower guide rail 20.

[0077] During operation, driven by the external torsional transmission mechanism, the first shearing assembly can rotate relative to the second shearing assembly. The internal material A in the first shearing assembly relative to the external material B in the second shearing assembly generates circumferential shearing along the contact surface between the two. Driven by the external longitudinal motion transmission mechanism, the first shearing assembly can move longitudinally relative to the second shearing assembly. The internal material A in the first shearing assembly relative to the external material B in the second shearing assembly generates longitudinal shearing along the contact surface between the two.

[0078] The radius of the first central hole 31 on the lower guide plate 12 is the same as the radius of the lower torsion disk 4, and the first central hole 21 facilitates the material to fall out from it after longitudinal shearing.

[0079] The second center hole 36 on the upper guide plate 10 is coaxial with the first center hole 31. It is mainly used for the transmission shaft of the torsion drive mechanism and the torque sensor to pass through the plate and connect to the first shear assembly.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the upper and lower guide rails have the same dimensions to ensure that the slider rotates synchronously, thus guaranteeing that the pressure applied by the lateral pressure motor is strictly perpendicular to the outer wall of the specimen. The upper torque disk 3 and the lower torsion disk 4 are the same size to better fix the internal material A.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the lateral pressurization mechanism includes a lateral pressurization motor 16, a lateral pressure transmission shaft 17, a lateral pressure sensor 18, and a gasket 19. The lateral pressurization motor 16 is connected to the gasket 19 via the lateral pressure transmission shaft 17, and the lateral pressure sensor 18 is mounted on the lateral pressure transmission shaft 17. The lateral pressurization motor 16, the lateral pressure transmission shaft 17, the lateral pressure sensor 18, and the gasket 19 form a single unit and are fixed to the support column 11 by a support block 15. In a preferred embodiment, as shown... Figure 4-6 As shown, the gasket 19 is connected to the lateral pressure transmission shaft 14 via the third fastener 40 and the fixing bolt.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, the support block 15 is provided with a hole that matches the support column 11, through which the support column 11 passes to achieve a fixed connection between the two. The support column 11 in the rotating mechanism and the support block 15 in the lateral pressurizing mechanism can support the lateral pressurizing motor and the load application position of the specimen to be on the same horizontal plane, ensuring that the normal pressure is applied horizontally.

[0083] The size, height, and shape of the corresponding central angle of the shim 19 in the lateral pressurization mechanism can be adjusted and replaced according to the loading requirements. Because the shim 19 has the same dimensions as the outer wall of the specimen, the lateral pressure transmission shaft 17 acts on the middle of the shim 19, which enables the pressure to be directed towards the center of the transmission shaft and applied strictly in the normal direction. This ensures that the specimen is subjected to uniform force and avoids eccentric compression. The load can be evenly distributed on the outer wall of the specimen, and the pressure direction is towards the center, ensuring that the load is applied strictly in the normal direction.

[0084] The number of slider pairs is at least one, and correspondingly, there is at least one support column 11. At least one lateral pressure mechanism can be installed on each support column 11. The rotating mechanism can fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the circumferential direction of the specimen (only the case of one slider pair and support column in the circumferential direction is shown in the figure), and can also fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the longitudinal direction of the specimen. In this case, the lowermost lateral pressure mechanism and the lower end of the support column 11 can be fixedly connected to the lower slider 14 via the fourth fixing member 41 and fixing bolts. Multiple lateral pressure mechanisms are sequentially stacked and fixed on the support column 11. This rotating mechanism can flexibly adjust the position and number of lateral pressure mechanisms in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the specimen according to experimental needs, and can meet the simulation requirements of complex service environments.

[0085] When only a single constant load needs to be applied to the specimen within a certain central angle range, one lateral compression mechanism can be installed longitudinally on each support column 11. When different constant loads of varying magnitudes need to be applied longitudinally to the specimen within a certain central angle range, multiple lateral compression mechanisms can be installed longitudinally on each support column 11. The number of lateral compression mechanisms installed on each support column 11 is selected according to the requirements for the different load positions and magnitudes on the specimen in the longitudinal direction.

[0086] When it is necessary to apply constant loads of different magnitudes to different positions in the circumferential direction of a specimen within a certain central angle range, multiple slider pairs and corresponding support columns 11 can be installed simultaneously in the upper and lower guide rails to install multiple lateral pressure mechanisms at different positions in the circumferential direction of the specimen.

[0087] The rotatable lateral pressure circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component provided in this embodiment of the invention is applicable to cylindrical specimens, and it is understood that it is also applicable to sector-shaped cylindrical specimens.

[0088] For cylindrical specimens, the internal material A is a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder. For hollow cylinders, the hollow part is filled with a high-strength material as an internal limiting component. The external material B is an annular cylinder. For sector-shaped cylindrical specimens, the internal material A is a sector-shaped cylinder or a sector-annular cylinder, and the external material B is a sector-annular cylinder.

[0089] For cylindrical specimens, the second movable element constituting the second shearing assembly includes an annular upper fixing plate as a top component, with bolt holes on the upper fixing plate, through which the external material B is fixed inside the second shearing assembly by fixing bolts; for specimens that do not require lateral pressure, the second movable element also includes a cylinder as an external limiting component.

[0090] For a sector-shaped cylindrical specimen, the first shearing assembly further includes a first movable element, which includes two side limiting components that fix the internal material A of the sector-shaped cylindrical specimen; correspondingly, the second movable element of the second shearing assembly includes two side limiting components that fix the external material B of the sector-shaped annular cylindrical specimen and an upper fixing plate of the sector-shaped annular specimen; for specimens that do not require lateral pressure, the second movable element further includes a cylinder as an external limiting component.

[0091] The lower guide plate 12 has a circular slot 35 at its center. The radius of the slot 35 is the same as the radius of the specimen composed of the inner material A and the outer material B. The center of the slot 35 is coaxial with the first central hole. The slot 35 is used to determine the position of the specimen and fix the specimen.

[0092] During the experiment, for cylindrical specimens, the internal material A of a solid or hollow cylinder is first combined with the external material B of a ring-shaped cylinder to form the cylindrical specimen. For hollow cylindrical material A, a high-strength material is used to fill the hollow part as the internal limiting material. For sector-shaped cylindrical specimens, the internal material A of the sector or sector-ring is combined with the external material B of the sector-ring cylinder to form the sector-shaped cylindrical specimen, which is then fixed by appropriate limiting components.

[0093] For specimens without lateral loads, a cylinder is placed over the outside of the specimen after it is fixed in place; for specimens with lateral loads, the cylinder is removed and the normal load is applied directly to the outer wall of the specimen by a shim.

[0094] Both ends of the lower guide rail plate 12 and the upper guide rail plate 10 are provided with locking blocks or sliding grooves, which are slidably connected to the external fixed bracket through the locking blocks or sliding grooves. Under the drive of the driving mechanism, the upper guide rail plate 12 and the lower guide rail plate 10 can achieve overall longitudinal movement.

[0095] Thus, during shearing, the internal material A and the external material B can undergo circumferential and longitudinal shearing along their circular contact interface; simultaneously, the internal material A can detach along the first central hole for easy removal. Since the second shearing assembly has the lower guide plate 12 as its bottom component, and the lateral rotation and pressurizing mechanism also uses the lower guide plate 12 as its load-bearing component, under the action of the longitudinal drive mechanism, the second shearing assembly and the lateral rotation and pressurizing mechanism can synchronously rise and fall along the side plate of the support, ensuring that the normal load applied to the outer wall of the specimen remains constant.

[0096] It is understandable that the upper guide plate 10 and the lower guide plate 12 are provided with locking blocks 37 at both ends, and the external fixed bracket is provided with matching sliding grooves; or, the upper guide plate 10 and the lower guide plate 12 are provided with sliding grooves at both ends, and the external fixed bracket is provided with locking blocks or locking strips, which can achieve the sliding connection between the two.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] like Figure 1-15 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a circular structure surface circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing test device, including a rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component as provided in Embodiment 1, and further including a fixed bracket, a torsion drive mechanism, and a longitudinal motion drive mechanism. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component is longitudinally slidably mounted on the fixed bracket. The torsion drive mechanism is connected to the first shearing component via a torsion drive shaft 2 located in the drive shaft connection hole 2-1. The longitudinal motion drive mechanism abuts against the lower guide plate to drive the lower guide plate and the second shearing component (with the lower guide plate as the bottom component) and the laterally rotating pressurized mechanism (with the lower guide plate as the load) to move longitudinally as a whole. The torsion drive mechanism and the longitudinal motion drive mechanism are coaxially fixed in the longitudinal direction of the fixed bracket. The torsion drive mechanism applies a torsional circumferential shearing force through a fixed angular velocity or a fixed torque; the longitudinal motion drive mechanism applies a longitudinal shearing force through a fixed pressure or a fixed displacement.

[0099] In this embodiment, the fixed bracket is formed by a horizontally arranged base plate 34, a top plate 32, and two longitudinally arranged side plates 33; the upper guide plate 10 and the lower guide plate 12 are provided with locking blocks 37 at both ends, and the side plates 33 are provided with sliding grooves 24 on their opposite surfaces. The sliding connection between the shearing component and the fixed bracket is realized through the sliding structure of the locking blocks 37 and the sliding grooves 24.

[0100] In this embodiment, the torsion drive mechanism is a torsion servo motor 1. One end of the torsion servo motor 1 is vertically fixed to the inner center of the top plate 32, and the other end is longitudinally connected to a torsion transmission shaft 2, through which a torsion circumferential shearing force is applied. The torsion servo motor 1 is connected to a torque sensor to measure the torque generated during circumferential shearing. As a preferred embodiment, the torque sensor in this embodiment is a double-flange torque sensor 6, whose upper and lower flanges are respectively fixedly connected to a fixed disk 7 and a torque-transmitting disk 8, which are transmitted on the torsion transmission shaft 2. The torque-transmitting disk 8 is connected to the upper torsion disk 3 of the first shearing assembly through a connecting column 9, and is used to measure the torque. As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the connecting column 9 is fixedly connected to the uploading torsion disc 3 through the first fixing member 38 and fixing bolts.

[0101] In this embodiment, the longitudinal motion drive mechanism is a longitudinal pressure servo motor 25, which is connected to a longitudinal pressure sensor to measure the torque generated during longitudinal shearing. In this embodiment, one end of the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 is vertically fixed to the inner center of the base plate 34, and the other end is connected to a longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26. The longitudinal shearing force is applied through the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26. The longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26 is coaxial with the torsion transmission shaft 2. A longitudinal pressure sensor 27 is provided on the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26. As one possible implementation, the longitudinal pressure sensor 27 is built into the pressure transmission shaft 26 as part of the pressure transmission shaft 26.

[0102] The shear testing device in this embodiment also includes a longitudinal lifting component, located between the longitudinal drive mechanism and the lower guide plate. Specifically, it includes a lifting plate 23 and a lifting support column 22. The bottom of the lifting plate 23 abuts against the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26 via a lifting pressure head 28. Both ends of the lifting support column 22 are connected to the lifting plate 23 and the lower guide plate 12, respectively. In a preferred embodiment, the lifting pressure head 28 is connected to the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26 via a second fixing member 39 and fixing bolts. In another preferred embodiment, both ends of the lifting support column 22 are connected to the lifting plate 23 and the lower guide plate 12 via a first fixing member and fixing bolts, respectively.

[0103] The longitudinal shearing force applied by the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 is transmitted to the lower guide plate 12 through the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26, the lifting plate 23, and the lifting support column 22. Since the second shearing assembly has the lower guide plate 12 as its bottom component, and the lateral rotation pressure mechanism also uses the lower guide plate 12 as its load-bearing component, under the action of the longitudinal pressure assembly, the second shearing assembly and the lateral rotation pressure mechanism can synchronously rise and fall along the side plate of the support, ensuring that the normal load applied to the outer wall of the specimen remains constant. The longitudinal shearing of the circular structural surface is achieved through overall longitudinal movement, while ensuring the stable application of the normal load on the side of the specimen.

[0104] Driven by the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25, the lifting plate 23 is given an upward longitudinal force through the pressure transmission shaft 26. The longitudinal force causes the lower guide plate to move upward through the lifting support column 22. The outer material B on the lower guide plate moves upward relative to the inner material A on the lower torsion disk 4, causing the inner material A to undergo longitudinal shearing relative to the outer material B.

[0105] The lifting support column 22 sets a certain distance between the lifting plate 23 and the lower guide rail plate 12, facilitating the removal of the internal material A that has detached from the central hole of the lower guide rail plate 12. Preferably, to ensure more even force distribution, the lifting support column 22 consists of multiple columns arranged in a circular array with the center of the lifting plate 23 as the center.

[0106] It is worth noting that the appendix of this embodiment... Figure 11-15Four different fasteners are provided. The first and second fasteners are structurally identical, differing only in size. For connection with the drive shaft, since the drive shaft is relatively thick, the appropriate fastener is selected. Figure 13 The second fastener with a larger connecting hole is shown. It is understood that other fasteners of different structures and shapes that can achieve a fixed connection between two elements are also within the scope of this invention.

[0107] The apparatus in this embodiment performs circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear tests on a circular structural surface, as detailed below:

[0108] S1. Make the internal material A and the external material B into a cylindrical specimen 21. Align the axis of the cylindrical specimen 21 with the axis of the first central hole 31 of the lower guide plate 12. Place the lower torsion disk 4 in the first central hole 31. Fix part of the internal material A in the first shearing assembly composed of the lower torsion disk 4 and the upper torsion disk 3. Fix part of the external material B in the second shearing assembly composed of the lower guide plate 12 and the upper fixing plate.

[0109] S2. For specimen 21 requiring lateral pressure, first adjust the lifting head 28 of the longitudinal pressure component to lightly touch the lifting plate 23. Then, set the number of lateral pressure mechanisms as needed, and adjust the position and pressure direction of the lateral pressure mechanisms through the rotation mechanism. The pressure direction of the lateral pressure mechanisms points towards the axis of the specimen to ensure that the load is applied strictly in the normal direction. Start the lateral pressure motor 16 so that the shim 19 acts directly on the outer wall of the specimen 21 to apply the required lateral load to the specimen. Then, simultaneously start the torsion servo motor 1 and the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25, and the upper torsion disk 3 operates... The top component of the first shearing assembly is driven by the torsion servo motor 1 via the torsion transmission shaft 2, causing the internal material A of the first shearing assembly to rotate relative to the external material B of the second shearing assembly, thereby performing circumferential shearing of materials A and B along their contact surface in a suitable loading manner; at the same time, driven by the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 via the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26, the internal material A of the first shearing assembly moves longitudinally relative to the external material B of the second shearing assembly, thereby performing longitudinal shearing of materials A and B along their contact surface in a suitable loading manner;

[0110] For specimens that do not require lateral pressure, a cylinder 30 is fitted over the fixed specimen 21 as an external limiting component. Then, the torsion servo motor 1 and the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 are started simultaneously to perform circumferential and longitudinal shearing on materials A and B along their contact surface in a suitable loading manner.

[0111] S3, dual-flange torque sensor 6, longitudinal pressure sensor 27, and lateral pressure sensor 18 respectively acquire the real-time magnitude of the applied force. By measuring the applied force under different parameter conditions, the two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structure surface can be experimentally obtained.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the specimen 21 can be fixed by a circular slot 35 located at the center of the lower guide plate 12 to better determine and fix the position of the specimen 21. For the specimen 21 of the fan-shaped cylinder, both the internal material A and the external material B can be fixed by limiting blocks on both sides.

[0113] Compared to existing technologies, the shearing component and device of this invention can not only achieve unidirectional circumferential shearing or direct longitudinal shearing, but also simultaneous circumferential and longitudinal shearing of circular structural surfaces. When using simultaneous circumferential torsional shearing and longitudinal pressure shearing, the internal material A of the cylindrical specimen rotates relative to the external material B under the drive of the torque transmission mechanism, while the external material B undergoes longitudinal displacement relative to the internal material A under the action of the longitudinal pressure transmission mechanism, thus achieving two-dimensional shearing of the circular structural surface. This invention can meet the needs of two-dimensional shearing of circular structural surfaces under complex stress environments and can realize the simulation study of the interfacial adhesive-slip mechanical properties of circular structural surfaces simultaneously subjected to pressure and torsion.

[0114] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotatable, laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component, characterized in that, include: The specimen shearing mechanism and the lateral rotational pressurization mechanism; among which, The specimen shearing mechanism includes a first shearing assembly and a second shearing assembly. The first shearing assembly is a structure that can accommodate internal material A, formed by an upper torsion disc as the top component and a lower torsion disc as the bottom component, which are set at a preset distance apart and fixedly connected by fixing bolts. The upper torsion disc is provided with a transmission shaft connection hole. The second shearing assembly is a structure that can accommodate external material B, formed by a lower guide plate as the bottom component and a second movable element. The lower guide plate is provided with a first center hole. Under the drive of an external torsion transmission mechanism, the first shearing assembly can rotate relative to the second shearing assembly. At the same time, under the drive of an external longitudinal motion drive mechanism, the first shearing assembly can move longitudinally relative to the second shearing assembly to achieve circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing. The lateral rotational pressurization mechanism uses the lower guide plate of the second shearing assembly as a support. An upper guide plate is arranged parallel above the lower guide plate. The upper guide plate has a second central hole at its center, which is coaxial with the first central hole. The lateral rotational pressurization mechanism includes a rotation mechanism and a lateral pressurization mechanism. The rotation mechanism is located between the upper and lower guide plates and is used to support the lateral pressurization mechanism and adjust its pressure direction and position. The lateral pressurization mechanism is mounted on the rotation mechanism and is used to apply loads of different directions and magnitudes to different positions of the specimen. The rotating mechanism includes an upper and lower annular guide rails, each with its center as the center, arranged on the surfaces of the upper and lower guide rails respectively. It also includes movable upper and lower sliders, each arranged within the upper and lower guide rails. The upper and lower sliders form a slider pair, which is connected by a support column. The support column is used to fix the lateral pressure mechanism and is perpendicular to the upper and lower sliders, allowing the slider pair to move synchronously within the upper and lower guide rails.

2. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral pressurization mechanism includes a lateral pressurization motor, a lateral pressure transmission shaft, a lateral pressure sensor, and a gasket. The lateral pressurization motor is connected to the gasket through the lateral pressure transmission shaft, and the lateral pressure sensor is mounted on the lateral pressure transmission shaft. The lateral pressurization motor, the lateral pressure transmission shaft, the lateral pressure sensor, and the gasket are integrated into a whole and then fixed to the support column by a support block.

3. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gasket has the same dimensions as the outer wall of the specimen, and the lateral pressure transmission shaft acts in the middle of the gasket.

4. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The number of slider pairs is at least one set, and correspondingly, there is at least one support column; each support column is provided with at least one lateral pressure mechanism; The rotating mechanism can fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the circumferential direction of the specimen, and at the same time, it can also fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the longitudinal direction of the specimen.

5. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The rotatable, laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component is suitable for cylindrical specimens or sector-shaped cylindrical specimens; For cylindrical specimens, the internal material A is either a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder. For hollow cylinders, the hollow part of the internal material A is filled with a high-strength material as an internal limiting component; the external material B is an annular cylinder. For the sector-shaped column specimen, the internal material A is a sector-shaped column or a sector-ring column, and the external material B is a sector-ring column.

6. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component according to claim 5, characterized in that, For cylindrical specimens, the second movable element constituting the second shearing assembly includes an annular upper fixing plate as a top component, with bolt holes on the upper fixing plate, through which the external material B is fixed inside the second shearing assembly by fixing bolts; for specimens that do not require lateral pressure, the second movable element also includes a cylinder as an external limiting component.

7. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component according to claim 5, characterized in that, For a sector-shaped cylindrical specimen, the first shearing assembly further includes a first movable element, which includes two side limiting components that fix the internal material A of the sector-shaped cylindrical specimen; correspondingly, the second movable element of the second shearing assembly includes two side limiting components that fix the external material B of the sector-shaped annular cylindrical specimen and an upper fixing plate of the sector-shaped annular specimen; for specimens that do not require lateral pressure, the second movable element further includes a cylinder as an external limiting component.

8. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The lower guide plate has a circular slot at its center. The radius of the slot is the same as the radius of the specimen composed of inner material A and outer material B. The center of the slot is coaxial with the first central hole. The slot is used to determine the position of the specimen and fix the specimen.

9. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Both ends of the lower guide plate and the upper guide plate are provided with locking blocks or sliding grooves, which are slidably connected to the external fixed bracket through the locking blocks or sliding grooves. Under the drive of the drive mechanism, the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate can achieve overall longitudinal movement.

10. A two-dimensional shear test device with a circular structure in both circumferential and longitudinal directions, characterized in that, The device includes a rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component as described in any one of claims 1-9, and further includes a fixed bracket, a torsion drive mechanism, and a longitudinal motion drive mechanism. The rotatable laterally pressurized circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing component is longitudinally slidably disposed on the fixed bracket. The torsion drive mechanism is connected to the first shearing component via a torsion drive shaft disposed in a drive shaft connection hole. The longitudinal motion drive mechanism abuts against the lower guide plate to drive the lower guide plate and the second shearing component with the lower guide plate as the bottom component and the laterally rotating pressurized mechanism with the lower guide plate as the load to move longitudinally as a whole. The torsion drive mechanism and the longitudinal motion drive mechanism are coaxially fixedly disposed in the longitudinal direction of the fixed bracket.

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