An apparatus for monitoring water environment factors and a method for using the same

Abstract

The present invention provides a water environment factor monitoring device and a method for using the same. The environmental factor observer is connected to the anchor cable through a hyperbolic hoop. A sliding sleeve is arranged in the inner cavity of the second hoop of the hyperbolic hoop. The sliding sleeve is sleeved on the anchor cable. The environmental factor observer and the sliding sleeve as a whole can slide along the anchor cable. The anchor cable is connected to the stable facility through a tensioning mechanism. The steps of the using method include that when the cable is slowly loosened, the environmental factor observer and the sliding sleeve as a whole slide down along the anchor cable. When the environmental factor observer is immersed in water and moves down to the designated observation point, the tensioning mechanism is started to tighten the anchor cable again and fix the cable. Whenever the anchor cable becomes loose, the tensioning mechanism is immediately controlled to operate and the anchor cable is tightened again. The present invention can not only accurately and smoothly send the environmental factor observer to the designated monitoring point, but also effectively support the environmental factor observer to conduct stable and real-time observation at a specified depth in water, ensuring the safety of the environmental factor observer in a dynamic water environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a water environment factor monitoring device and a using method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The water environment is one of the most basic natural environments that equipment products experience during their service life, including the water bodies of oceans, rivers, lakes, swamps, and groundwater, etc. Equipment products such as warships and vessels are directly used in the water environment and are greatly affected by the water environment. Since there are differences in the magnitude levels of environmental factors in different water environments, the degree of influence on equipment products is also different. In severe cases, it will directly cause the failure of equipment products. Therefore, observing the environmental factors in water and mastering their magnitude levels and distribution laws can provide data support for the design and material selection, corrosion protection, and use and maintenance of equipment products and engineering facilities.

[0003] At present, the methods for observing water environment factors mainly include laboratory analysis methods and on-site observation methods. The laboratory analysis method mainly obtains the data of water environment factors by collecting water samples and then bringing them back to the laboratory for analysis. This method has problems such as a large workload, high requirements for water sample collection, and the analysis results are easily affected. For observing water environment factors in large-scale water environments such as rivers and oceans, especially the environmental factors in deep water (depth not less than 30m), on-site observation methods need to be used to comprehensively master the distribution of water environment factors. However, how to maintain the stability of the observation instrument / equipment in a flowing water environment, especially in a vortex environment, is a major technical problem in on-site observation.

[0004] The Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN2638068) provides an anchoring device for an automatic water environment observation system. A heavy weight that sinks to the bottom of the water is arranged at the lower end of the main steel wire rope at the positioning location, and the upper end is tightened and fixed on the platform through an electric winch, and is tightened and fixed on the platform through a stay wire rope, a pulley, and an electric winch. The heavy weight and the pulley pull the main steel wire rope into a vertical line, so that it is vertically positioned at the sea surface and the seabed at a certain distance from the platform. The observation system box is fixed at a suitable position on the main steel wire rope. Although this solution can realize the relative positioning and fixation of the hydrological observation instrument system in water, so that it will not swing due to the collision of animals and moving objects, because this solution uses a sufficiently heavy heavy weight and places it on the seabed, it must be equipped with lifting facilities during actual use, and the implementation cost is very high and it is not convenient to operate.

[0005] Shanghai Hengtong Marine Equipment Co., Ltd. (CN108007505A) has developed an underwater mooring three-dimensional observation system

[0006] Universal joints are installed at the structural connection parts of the sea surface floating platform and the mooring base to provide a transition connection point for the underwater dynamic cable to be connected to the sea surface floating platform and the mooring base, enabling the underwater dynamic cable to be connected to the sea surface floating platform in an isolated manner and the underwater dynamic cable to be connected to the mooring base in an isolated manner, reducing the sea current disturbance on the underwater dynamic cable and the mooring base, and ensuring the service life and stability of the system under harsh sea conditions. However, the underwater instrument package of this observation system will swing along with the underwater dynamic cable during use, and it is impossible to accurately achieve fixed-point monitoring of water environment factors.

[0007] More critically, existing facilities / methods cannot accurately adjust the observation points of water environment factors in a low-cost and simple manner. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to at least solve the technical problem of "how to accurately adjust the observation points of water environment factors in a low-cost and simple manner" mentioned in the background technology, and provide a water environment factor monitoring device and its usage method.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0010] A water environment factor monitoring device includes a cable, an anchor hook is provided at the end of the cable, an environmental factor observator is provided on the cable, the environmental factor observator is connected to the cable through a hyperbolic clamp, and a cable is connected to the protective cage of the environmental factor observator; wherein, the hyperbolic clamp (a pipe clamp similar to the shape of "8") includes a first clamp for clamping the main body of the environmental factor observator, and a second clamp integrally formed with the first clamp, a sliding sleeve is provided in the inner cavity of the second clamp, and the sliding sleeve is sleeved on the cable; the environmental factor observator and the sliding sleeve as a whole can slide along the cable; the cable is connected to a stable facility through a tensioning mechanism.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the tensioning mechanism includes a support frame, a rotating shaft is provided at the front part of the support frame, the rotating shaft is connected to the motor of the motor assembly, the motor is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, a third clamp is provided at the rear part of the support frame, the third clamp is used for fixedly connecting the stable facility, and the head end of the cable is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; when the motor of the motor assembly runs and drives the rotating shaft to rotate forward, the cable is tightened; when the motor of the motor assembly runs and drives the rotating shaft to rotate backward, the cable is loosened.

[0012] Furthermore, one end of the cable extends to the vicinity of the tensioning mechanism. When the cable is not tied and the environmental factor observator is not axially limited, the environmental factor observator and the sliding sleeve as a whole slide down along the cable.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the cable is made of hemp rope or nylon rope.

[0014] A usage method of the foregoing water environment factor monitoring device includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 11: Install the tensioning mechanism on the stable facility in the area to be measured.

[0016] Step 12: Drop the anchor hook, and adjust the cable to make the anchor hook stably hooked underwater, then connect and tighten the cable.

[0017] Step 13: Connect the environmental factor monitor to the cable.

[0018] Step 14: Slowly release the cable. At this time, the environmental factor monitor and the sliding sleeve slide down along the cable as a whole.

[0019] Step 15: When the environmental factor monitor is submerged in water and moves down to the designated observation point, start the tensioning mechanism to tighten the cable again, and fix the cable.

[0020] Step 16: Monitor the water environment factors in real time. Whenever the cable loosens, immediately control the operation of the tensioning mechanism to tighten the cable again.

[0021] In order to be able to smoothly take and place the environmental factor monitor while ensuring its stability and accuracy during use, the cable is made of a plastic rope. The plastic rope is tied to the protective cage, and at least two hollow expansion sections are provided at the end of the plastic rope. The expansion sections are located at both ends of the sliding sleeve and sleeved on the cable, and the expansion sections are fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve. A duct is provided inside the plastic rope. One end of the duct is connected to the fluid medium injection system, and the other end communicates with the inner cavity of the expansion section. A duct switch is provided on the plastic rope. When the inner cavity of the expansion section is not injected with fluid medium, the expansion section can move synchronously with the sliding sleeve. When the inner cavity of the expansion section is injected with fluid medium, the expansion section expands and tightly holds the cable. At this time, the sliding sleeve is clamped between two adjacent expansion sections. Adopting such a solution can always ensure the stable and reliable operation of the environmental factor monitor and accurately achieve the fixed-point monitoring of water environment factors.

[0022] As a preferred solution, the length of each expansion section is 20 - 30 cm.

[0023] As a more preferred solution, three expansion sections are provided, two of which are located outside the sliding sleeve, and the middle expansion section is located between the two sliding sleeves. When the inner cavity of the middle expansion section is not injected with fluid medium, the middle expansion section is straightened, and there is a gap between the inner wall of the middle expansion section and the cable.

[0024] Another method for using the aforementioned water environment factor monitoring device includes the following steps:

[0025] Step 21: Install the tensioning mechanism on the stable facility in the area to be measured.

[0026] Step 22: Drop the anchor hook, and adjust the cable to make the anchor hook stably hooked underwater.

[0027] Step 23: Slip the sleeve and the expansion section onto the first section of the cable anchor, and fasten the second hoop of the environmental factor monitor tightly on the sleeve. At this time, the environmental factor monitor is connected to the cable anchor.

[0028] Step 24: Slowly loosen the cable. At this time, the environmental factor monitor, the expansion section, and the sleeve slide down along the cable anchor as a whole.

[0029] Step 25: When the environmental factor monitor is submerged in water and moves down to the designated observation point, activate the tensioning mechanism to tighten the cable anchor again and fix the cable.

[0030] Step 26: Open the duct switch, inject an appropriate amount of fluid medium into the expansion section through the fluid medium injection system to make the expansion section expand, and then close the duct switch. At this time, the expansion section tightly holds the cable anchor, and the sleeve is clamped between two adjacent expansion sections.

[0031] Step 27: Monitor the water environment factors in real time. Whenever the cable anchor loosens, immediately control the operation of the tensioning mechanism and tighten the cable anchor again.

[0032] As a preferred solution, the density of the fluid medium is 1 - 1.3 times the density of the measured water, and the fluid medium preferably adopts brine with a saturated concentration.

[0033] Beneficial effects: The water environment factor monitoring device in the present invention utilizes the principle of a ship dropping anchor and stopping. The anchor is used as a bridge to transmit and fix the environmental factor monitor underwater. Through the mutual cooperation of the cable anchor, the anchor hook, the cable, the tensioning mechanism, and the connection structure between the environmental factor monitor and the cable anchor, the device can not only accurately and smoothly send the environmental factor monitor to the designated monitoring point, but also effectively support the environmental factor monitor to conduct stable and real-time observations at a specified depth in water, ensuring the safety of the environmental factor monitor in a dynamic water environment. When used in a flowing water environment, there is no problem of the environmental factor monitor moving up along the cable anchor. It is especially suitable for monitoring water environment factors in flowing water environments, especially vortex environments, in rivers, oceans, and lakes. By adopting the solution of the present invention, during the implementation process, the water environment factor monitoring device can be flexibly installed near existing stable facilities (such as offshore platforms, trestles, bridges) without the need for heavy machinery for installation, and the installation of the water environment factor monitoring device and the precise adjustment of the water environment factor observation point are achieved in a low-cost and simple manner. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the water environment factor monitoring device in Embodiment 1;

[0035] Figure 2 is an enlarged view of part A in Embodiment 1;

[0036] Figure 3It is an enlarged view of part B in Embodiment 1;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the location where the environmental factor monitor is located in Embodiment 1;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the location where the environmental factor monitor is located in Embodiment 2;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the expansion section in Embodiment 2 (in the expanded state);

[0040] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the location where the environmental factor monitor is located in Embodiment 3. Embodiment

[0041] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the description of the following embodiments is only used to help understand the principle and core idea of the present invention, and does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, improvements made to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Embodiment

[0042] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a water environment factor monitoring device includes a cable anchor 1, an anchor hook 2 is provided at the end of the cable anchor 1, an environmental factor monitor 3 is provided on the cable anchor 1, and the environmental factor monitor 3 is connected to the cable anchor 1 through a hyperbolic hoop 4 (the hyperbolic hoop 4 adopts a pipe clamp similar to the shape of "8"), and a cable 8 is connected to the protective cage 5 of the environmental factor monitor 3; wherein, the hyperbolic hoop 4 includes a first hoop 41 for clamping the main body of the environmental factor monitor 3, and a second hoop 42 integrally formed with the first hoop 41. A sliding sleeve 9 is provided in the inner cavity of the second hoop 42, the sliding sleeve 9 is sleeved on the cable anchor 1, and the main body of the environmental factor monitor 3 is fixedly connected to the protective cage 5 through a connecting member (such as a hoop); the whole of the environmental factor monitor 3 and the sliding sleeve 9 can slide along the cable anchor 1; the cable anchor 1 is connected to a stabilizing facility 7 through a tensioning mechanism, and one end of the cable 8 extends near the tensioning mechanism. When the cable 8 is not tied to the environmental factor monitor 3 and is not axially limited, the whole of the environmental factor monitor 3 and the sliding sleeve 9 can slide down along the cable anchor 1.

[0043] Combined with Figure 3As shown, the tensioning mechanism includes a support frame 10, a side plate of the support frame 10 is provided with a hole 13, a rotating shaft 11 is provided at the front of the support frame 10, the motor of the motor assembly is connected and used to drive the rotating shaft 11 to rotate, the motor of the motor assembly is installed inside the motor shield 14, and a third clamp 12 is provided at the rear of the support frame 10, the third clamp 12 is used to fix and connect the stabilizing facility 7, and the head end of the anchor cable 1 (i.e., the upper end of the anchor cable 1) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 11; when the motor of the motor assembly runs and drives the rotating shaft 11 to rotate forward, the anchor cable 1 is tightened; when the motor of the motor assembly runs and drives the rotating shaft 11 to rotate reversely, the anchor cable 1 is loosened.

[0044] In this embodiment, the cable 8 is made of a plastic rope, which should not be deformed when subjected to a tensile force of 10KN. The plastic rope is bolted to the cage 5. Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the end section of the plastic rope is provided with at least two hollow expansion sections (including a first expansion section 60 and a middle expansion section 61), each expansion section is 20-30 cm long, the expansion sections are located at both ends of the sleeve 9 and are sleeved on the anchor cable 1 (the first expansion section 60 is located at the upper end of the sleeve 9 near the upper part, and the middle expansion section 61 is located at the lower end of the sleeve 9 near the upper part), and the expansion sections are fixedly connected to the sleeve 9; a channel is provided inside the plastic rope, one end of the channel is connected to a fluid medium injection system (such as a pipeline with a water pump, or a high-pressure liquid injection / water device), and the other end is communicated with the inner cavity of the expansion section, and a channel switch is provided on the plastic rope; when the inner cavity of the expansion section is not injected with fluid medium, the expansion section can move synchronously with the sleeve 9; when the inner cavity of the expansion section is injected with fluid medium, the expansion section expands and hugs the anchor cable 1, at this time, the sleeve 9 is clamped between two adjacent expansion sections, and the structure of the expansion section after expansion is similar to a pipe section with open ends, and its pipe cavity (inner cavity of the expansion section) is used to accommodate the anchor cable 1.

[0045] A method for using the water environment factor monitoring device of this embodiment is used to measure water environment factors at a depth of 15 meters in the ocean, and the steps include:

[0046] Step 21, installing the tensioning mechanism on the stabilizing facility 7 of the area to be tested, specifically, tightening the third clamp 12 on a column (stabilizing facility 7) of a certain offshore platform;

[0047] Step 22, casting the anchor hook 2 after temporarily fixing the head end of the anchor cable 1, and adjusting the anchor cable 1 so that the anchor hook 2 is stably hooked underwater;

[0048] Step 23, remove the head end of the anchor cable 1, put the sliding sleeve 9 and the expansion section on the head section of the anchor cable 1, and tighten the second clamp 42 of the environmental factor observer 3 on the sliding sleeve 9. At this time, the environmental factor observer 3 is connected to the anchor cable 1, and then the head end of the anchor cable 1 is fixed on the rotating shaft 11;

[0049] Step 24: Slowly loosen the cable 8. The head end of the pre-cable 8 (i.e., the upper end of the cable 8) is also fixed to the stabilizing facility 7. At this time, the environmental factor monitor 3, the expansion section, and the sliding sleeve 9 slide down along the anchor cable 1 as a whole;

[0050] Step 25: When the environmental factor monitor 3 is immersed in water and moves down to the specified observation point, activate the tensioning mechanism to tighten the anchor cable 1 again and fix the cable 8;

[0051] Step 26: Open the duct switch, and inject an appropriate amount of fluid medium (the fluid medium is brine with a saturated concentration) into the expansion section through the fluid medium injection system. After the expansion section expands, close the duct switch. At this time, the expansion section clamps the anchor cable 1, and the sliding sleeve 9 is clamped between two adjacent expansion sections, thus achieving the clamping of the environmental factor monitor 3;

[0052] Step 27: Monitor the water environment factors in real time. Whenever the anchor cable 1 loosens, immediately control the operation of the tensioning mechanism and tighten the anchor cable 1 again. Embodiment

[0053] A water environment factor monitoring device, referring to Embodiment 1 and combining Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that there are three expansion sections. The three expansion sections are all connected to two sliding sleeves 9 through the connecting piece 62. Among them, two first expansion sections 60 are located outside the sliding sleeve 9, and the middle expansion section 61 is located between the two sliding sleeves 9. When no fluid medium is injected into the inner cavity of the middle expansion section 61, the middle expansion section 61 is straightened, and there is a gap of 3 - 5 mm between the inner wall of the middle expansion section 61 and the anchor cable 1. After injecting an appropriate amount of fluid medium into the expansion section through the fluid medium injection system, all three expansion sections clamp the anchor cable 1.

[0054] For the solution in the foregoing embodiment, when lowering (sliding down) the environmental factor monitor 3, no medium is injected into the inner cavity of the expansion section. At this time, the expansion section and the sliding sleeve 9 can both move flexibly along the anchor cable 1, so that it can be conveniently and smoothly moved to the specified position. After moving in place, inject an appropriate amount of medium into the inner cavity of the expansion section to make the expansion section clamp the anchor cable 1; during use, when the expansion section clamps the anchor cable 1, no matter from which direction the underwater liquid flow comes, it will not cause the sliding sleeve 9 to move along the anchor cable 1, thus always ensuring that the environmental factor monitor 3 is clamped at the specified position on the anchor cable 1 (near a certain offshore platform in Hainan, after implementing the water environment factor monitoring for 1 month according to the solutions in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 respectively, the height deviation of the position of the environmental factor monitor 3 from the initial position is zero). When removing the environmental factor monitor 3, only need to open the duct switch first (at this time, relieve the pressure in the inner cavity of the expansion section), and then the environmental factor monitor 3 can be smoothly pulled out along the anchor cable 1 by pulling up the cable 8. Embodiment

[0055] As shown Figure 7 and combined with Figure 1 shown, a water environment factor monitoring device includes a cable anchor 1, an anchor hook 2 is provided at the end of the cable anchor 1, an environmental factor observer 3 is provided on the cable anchor 1, and the environmental factor observer 3 is connected to the cable anchor 1 through a hyperbolic hoop 4 (the hyperbolic hoop 4 adopts a pipe clamp similar to the shape of "8"). A cable 8 is connected to the protective cage 5 of the environmental factor observer 3; wherein, the hyperbolic hoop 4 includes a first hoop 41 for clamping the environmental factor observer 3, and a second hoop 42 integrally formed with the first hoop 41. A sliding sleeve 9 is arranged in the inner cavity of the second hoop 42, and the sliding sleeve 9 is sleeved on the cable anchor 1; the environmental factor observer 3 and the sliding sleeve 9 as a whole can slide along the cable anchor 1; the cable anchor 1 is connected to the stabilizing facility 7 through a tensioning mechanism, and one end of the cable 8 extends to the vicinity of the tensioning mechanism. When the cable 8 is not tied and the environmental factor observer 3 is not axially limited, the environmental factor observer 3 and the sliding sleeve 9 as a whole slide down along the cable anchor 1. The tensioning mechanism includes a support frame 10, a hole 13 is provided on the side plate of the support frame 10, a rotating shaft 11 is provided at the front of the support frame 10, the motor of the motor assembly is connected to and used to drive the rotating shaft 11 to rotate, the motor of the motor assembly is installed inside the motor shield 14, and a third hoop 12 is provided at the rear of the support frame 10. The third hoop 12 is used to fixedly connect the stabilizing facility 7, and the head end of the cable anchor 1 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 11; when the motor of the motor assembly runs and drives the rotating shaft 11 to rotate forward, the cable anchor 1 is tightened; when the motor of the motor assembly runs and drives the rotating shaft 11 to rotate backward, the cable anchor 1 is loosened.

[0056] A usage method of the water environment factor monitoring device in this embodiment, used to measure the water environment factors at a water depth of 4 meters in a certain river, the steps include:

[0057] Step 11, install the tensioning mechanism on the stabilizing facility 7 in the area to be measured. The third hoop 12 can be clamped on the cement column of the bridge. The head end of the cable 8 is also fixed on the stabilizing facility 7 in advance.

[0058] Step 12, throw the anchor hook 2, and connect and tighten the cable anchor 1;

[0059] Step 13, connect the environmental factor observer 3 to the cable anchor 1;

[0060] Step 14, slowly loosen the cable 8. At this time, the environmental factor observer 3 and the sliding sleeve 9 as a whole slide down along the cable anchor 1;

[0061] Step 15, when the environmental factor observer 3 sinks into the water and moves down to the designated observation point, start the tensioning mechanism to tighten the cable anchor 1 again, and fix the cable 8;

[0062] Step 16, monitor the water environment factors in real time. Whenever the cable anchor 1 loosens, immediately control the tensioning mechanism to run and tighten the cable anchor 1 again.

[0063] In each embodiment: metal components such as the anchor hook 2, the tensioning mechanism, and the hoop are all made of 316L stainless steel, and their surfaces are treated for corrosion protection; since the commercially available environmental factor monitor 3 has a water depth measurement function, its externally connected display end should be able to display in real time the depth described by the environmental factor monitor 3.

[0064] The water environment factor monitoring device in the embodiment utilizes the principle of a ship dropping anchor and stopping, uses the anchor as a bridge for transmitting and fixing the environmental factor monitor underwater, and uses the motor assembly to retract and release the cable. Through the mutual cooperation of the cable, the anchor hook, the cable, the tensioning mechanism, and the connection structure between the environmental factor monitor and the cable, the device can not only accurately and smoothly send the environmental factor monitor to the designated monitoring point, but also effectively support the environmental factor monitor to conduct stable and real-time observations at a specified depth in the water, ensuring the safety of the environmental factor monitor in a dynamic water environment. When used in a flowing water environment, there is no problem of the environmental factor monitor running up along the cable. It is particularly suitable for monitoring water environment factors in flowing water environments, especially vortex environments, in rivers, oceans, and lakes; during implementation, the water environment factor monitoring device can be flexibly installed near existing stable facilities (such as offshore platforms, trestles, bridges) without the need for heavy machinery for installation, and the installation of the water environment factor monitoring device and the precise adjustment of the water environment factor observation point are achieved in a low-cost and simple manner.

Claims

1. A water environment factor monitoring device, comprising an anchor cable (1), an anchor hook (2) is arranged at the end of the anchor cable (1), and an environmental factor observer (3) is arranged on the anchor cable (1), characterized in that: The environmental factor detector (3) is connected to the anchor cable (1) through a hyperbolic hoop (4), and a cable (8) is connected to the protective cage (5) of the environmental factor detector (3); wherein, the hyperbolic hoop (4) includes a first hoop (41) for clamping the environmental factor detector (3), and a second hoop (42) integrally formed with the first hoop (41). A sliding sleeve (9) is arranged in the inner cavity of the second hoop (42), and the sliding sleeve (9) is sleeved on the anchor cable (1); the environmental factor detector (3) and the sliding sleeve (9) as a whole can slide along the anchor cable (1); the anchor cable (1) is connected to the stabilizing facility (7) through a tensioning mechanism; The tensioning mechanism includes a support frame (10). A rotating shaft (11) is arranged at the front part of the support frame (10). The rotating shaft (11) is connected to the motor of the motor assembly, and the motor is used to drive the rotating shaft (11) to rotate. A third hoop (12) is arranged at the rear part of the support frame (10), and the third hoop (12) is used to fixedly connect the stabilizing facility (7). The head end of the anchor cable (1) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (11); when the motor of the motor assembly runs and drives the rotating shaft (11) to rotate forward, the anchor cable (1) is tightened; when the motor of the motor assembly runs and drives the rotating shaft (11) to rotate backward, the anchor cable (1) is relaxed; one end of the cable (8) extends near the tensioning mechanism. When the cable (8) is not tied and the environmental factor detector (3) is not axially limited, the environmental factor detector (3) and the sliding sleeve (9) as a whole slide down along the anchor cable (1); The cable (8) is made of a plastic rope. The plastic rope is tied to the protective cage (5). At least two hollow expansion sections are arranged at the end of the plastic rope. The expansion sections are located at both ends of the sliding sleeve (9) and are sleeved on the anchor cable (1), and the expansion sections are fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve (9); a duct is arranged inside the plastic rope. One end of the duct is connected to a fluid medium injection system, and the other end communicates with the inner cavity of the expansion section. A duct switch is arranged on the plastic rope; when the inner cavity of the expansion section is not injected with fluid medium, the expansion section can move synchronously with the sliding sleeve (9); when the inner cavity of the expansion section is injected with fluid medium, the expansion section expands and clamps on the anchor cable (1). At this time, the sliding sleeve (9) is clamped between two adjacent expansion sections.

2. The water environment factor monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: The cable (8) is made of hemp rope or nylon rope.

3. The water environment factor monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of each expansion section is 20 - 30 cm.

4. The water environment factor monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three expansion sections are arranged, and two first expansion sections (60) are located outside the sliding sleeve (9), and the middle expansion section (61) is located between the two sliding sleeves (9); when the inner cavity of the middle expansion section (61) is not injected with fluid medium, the middle expansion section (61) is straightened, and there is a gap between the inner wall of the middle expansion section (61) and the anchor cable (1).

5. A method of using the water environment factor monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the steps Including: Step 21, install the tensioning mechanism on the stabilizing facility (7) in the area to be measured; Step 22, the anchor hook (2); Step 23, sleeved the sliding sleeve (9) and the expansion section on the head section of the anchor cable (1), and clamp the second hoop (42) of the environmental factor detector (3) on the sliding sleeve (9). At this time, the environmental factor detector (3) is connected to the anchor cable (1); Step 24, slowly loosen the cable (8), at which point the environmental factor observer (3), the expansion section and the sliding sleeve (9) slide down along the anchor cable (1) as a whole; Step 25, when the environmental factor observation instrument (3) is submerged in water and moved down to the designated observation point, the tensioning mechanism is activated to tighten the anchor cable (1) again, and the cable (8) is fixed; Step 26, opening the channel switch, injecting a proper amount of fluid medium into the expansion section through the fluid medium injection system to expand the expansion section, and then closing the channel switch. At this time, the expansion section holds the anchor cable (1), and the sliding sleeve (9) is clamped between two adjacent expansion sections; Step 27, real-time monitoring of water environment factors, and whenever the anchor cable (1) becomes loose, immediately controlling the tensioning mechanism to operate and tighten the anchor cable (1) again.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The density of the fluid medium is 1-1.3 times the density of the water being measured.

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