A device and method for testing the momentum of hypervelocity impact

Abstract

A device and method for measuring the momentum of ultra-high-speed impact. The present invention relates to a device and method for measuring momentum. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems that in ultra-high-speed impact experiments, it is difficult to measure the momentum obtained by the target body and the momentum of the debris cloud formed by the projectile and the target body fragments. The lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism is installed on the experimental bench frame. The angular velocity measuring mechanism is arranged below the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism and installed on the experimental bench frame. The anti-splash debris blocking mechanism is installed along the length direction of the experimental bench frame at one end of the experimental bench frame behind the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism; the rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the experimental bench frame. The main frame is rotationally connected and installed on the rotating shaft through a low-friction rotating bearing. The angle scale disc is installed at the bottom end of the main frame. The scale line of the angle scale disc is set at the measurement position of the angular velocity measuring mechanism. Method 1: Measuring the momentum of the target body after impact; Method 2: Measuring the momentum of the debris cloud after impact. The present invention belongs to the field of mechanics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a momentum testing device and a testing method, and more particularly to a hypervelocity impact momentum testing device and a testing method. The present invention belongs to the field of mechanics. Background Art

[0002] Space debris generally moves at a high speed of about 7 km / s in low Earth orbit and has the risk of hypervelocity impact with on-orbit spacecraft. After the impact occurs, due to the momentum exchange between the space debris and the on-orbit spacecraft, the attitude and orbit of the spacecraft will change, thus affecting the safety and normal on-orbit operation of the spacecraft. In order to ensure the safety of the spacecraft and clarify the momentum transfer relationship during the impact process, existing research generally uses a two-stage light gas gun in the laboratory to launch millimeter-sized projectiles to impact an experimental target to simulate the actual background, and measures the momentum obtained by the target body and the momentum of the debris cloud during the impact process directly or indirectly.

[0003] Currently, in the field of hypervelocity impact experiments of space debris, the measurement of the momentum obtained by the target body and the momentum of the debris cloud during the impact process mainly includes:

[0004] (1) High-speed camera shooting method, which is applicable to the working condition where the projectile does not break during the hypervelocity impact process. During the experimental test, the impact flash generated by the hypervelocity impact of the projectile is used to illuminate the target chamber, thereby assisting the shooting of the high-speed camera. By obtaining the impact velocity of the projectile through the two-stage light gas gun launch system and the velocity of the projectile after impact captured by the high-speed camera, the momentum transfer during the impact process can be calculated.

[0005] (2) Flash X-ray and laser shadow shooting methods. The two methods have similar testing principles and are applicable to both the working conditions where the projectile does not break and breaks. During the experimental test, a projectile position sensing device is used to trigger the shooting system to continuously shoot the projectile and the debris cloud after impact. By analyzing the images and relevant debris cloud momentum algorithms, the momentum magnitudes of the projectile and the debris cloud after impact can be obtained. Combining with the impact velocity of the projectile measured by the two-stage light gas gun launch system, the momentum transfer during the impact process can be further calculated.

[0006] The above-mentioned hypervelocity impact process momentum measurement methods can measure the momentum of the projectile and the debris cloud after impact. However, the high-speed camera shooting method can only identify relatively complete projectiles. If the projectile and the target body break to form a debris cloud, their morphologies cannot be clearly distinguished, resulting in deviation in momentum calculation. At the same time, the flash X-ray and laser shadow shooting methods actually estimate the momentum of the debris cloud after impact through the cross-sectional morphology of the debris cloud and in combination with relevant theories, which still has an error compared with the actual impact and is affected by the shooting quality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to solve the problems that it is difficult to measure the momentum obtained by the target body and the momentum of the debris cloud formed by the projectile and the target body fragments in the hypervelocity impact experiment, and further provide a hypervelocity impact momentum test device and a test method.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is:

[0009] A hypervelocity impact momentum test device, which includes an experimental bench frame, a lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism, an angular velocity measurement mechanism, and a back-splashing debris blocking mechanism; the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism is installed on the experimental bench frame, the angular velocity measurement mechanism is arranged below the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism and installed on the experimental bench frame, and the back-splashing debris blocking mechanism is installed along the length direction of the experimental bench frame at one end of the experimental bench frame behind the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism;

[0010] The lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism includes a first rotating shaft, a main body frame, an angular scale dial, and two low-friction rotating bearings; the first rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the experimental bench frame, the main body frame is rotationally connected and installed on the first rotating shaft through the low-friction rotating bearings, the angular scale dial is installed at the bottom end of the main body frame, the angular scale dial is perpendicular to the first rotating shaft, the angular scale dial is arranged to swing around the axis of the first rotating shaft, the scale lines of the angular scale dial are arranged at the measurement position of the angular velocity measurement mechanism, and the back-splashing debris blocking mechanism is correspondingly arranged with the center of the main body frame.

[0011] Further, the angular velocity measurement mechanism includes a photoelectric measurement component, an impact flash shielding component, and an oscilloscope; the photoelectric measurement component is connected to the oscilloscope, the laser emitter and the receiver of the photoelectric measurement component are respectively located on both sides of the angular scale dial (13), and the impact flash shielding component is buckled on the laser emitter and the receiver of the photoelectric measurement component.

[0012] Further, the angular scale dial is an arc-shaped plate, scale lines are machined along the arc direction of the arc-shaped plate, and through holes are machined on each scale line, and the laser emitter and the receiver of the photoelectric measurement component are correspondingly arranged with the through holes on the scale lines.

[0013] Further, the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism further includes a scale dial connection component, two rotating shaft connection components, two connection component connection bolts, two scale dial fixed connection bolts, and a plurality of rotating shaft fixed connection bolts; each end of the first rotating shaft is rotationally connected and installed at one end of a rotating shaft connection component through a low-friction rotating bearing, the other end of each rotating shaft connection component is fixedly connected to the main body frame through a rotating shaft fixed connection bolt, one end of the scale dial connection component is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the main body frame through two connection component connection bolts, and the other end of the scale dial connection component is fixedly connected to the angular scale dial through two scale dial fixed connection bolts.

[0014] Further, the impact flash shielding component is a strip-shaped buckling plate. The upper end surface of the strip-shaped buckling plate is concave downward from both ends to the center. A notch is machined along the center line in the width direction in the middle of the strip-shaped buckling plate. The corner scale dial is arranged at the notch of the impact flash shielding component.

[0015] Further, the anti-spray debris blocking mechanism includes an anti-spray debris blocking door and a multi-layer projectile protection structure after impact; the anti-spray debris blocking door and the multi-layer projectile protection structure after impact are arranged side by side in parallel and at equal intervals, and the anti-spray debris blocking door and the multi-layer projectile protection structure after impact are fixedly connected by four connecting rods, and the four connecting rods are arranged at the four corners of a rectangle.

[0016] Further, the projectile protection structure after impact is a plate body made of foam ceramics.

[0017] Further, the anti-spray debris blocking door includes a door plate body, two torsion springs, two second rotating shafts, two rectangular steel doors, and two strong suction magnets; the door plate body is a plate body with a rectangular through hole machined in the center. The two rectangular steel doors are rotatably connected and oppositely arranged and installed at two symmetric sides of the rectangular through hole. And the two ends of each torsion spring are elastically installed on the rectangular steel door and the door plate body, and the two strong suction magnets are symmetrically installed at two symmetric sides of the rectangular through hole.

[0018] A method for measuring the momentum of hypervelocity impact

[0019] Method 1: Measuring the momentum of the target body after impact

[0020] The momentum of the target body refers to the momentum transferred to the target body after the projectile impacts and passes through the thin plate target at hypervelocity. The momentum moment of the momentum pendulum test system is conserved relative to the rotating shaft O. Then, the momentum moment M1 of the projectile before impact, the momentum moment M2 of the target body, and the momentum moment M3 of the projectile or debris cloud after impact satisfy Equation (1);

[0021] M1 + M2 = M3 (1)

[0022]

[0023] Among them, d is the distance between the ballistic axis and the rotating shaft O, m p is the mass of the projectile before impact, v o is the velocity of the projectile before impact, m' p is the momentum of the projectile or debris cloud after impact, v1 is the moving velocity of the projectile or debris cloud after impact, J is the moment of inertia of the momentum pendulum, ω is the angular velocity of the momentum pendulum rotation, and m p , J are measured before the experiment. Substituting the specific form of the momentum moment in Equation (2) into Equation (1), we can further obtain:

[0024]

[0025] According to Equation (3), during the experiment, only the rotational angular velocity ω of the momentum pendulum and the distance d between the ballistic axis and the rotation axis O need to be measured to directly obtain the momentum of the target after impact.

[0026] Method 2: Measuring the momentum of the debris cloud after impact;

[0027] The momentum of the debris cloud refers to the momentum of the debris cloud formed after the projectile impacts and penetrates the target at ultra-high speed. When introducing a momentum pendulum to measure this part of the momentum, an absorption plate needs to be set up to stop the movement of the debris cloud and transfer the momentum to the momentum pendulum system. Since the debris cloud stops moving completely after impacting the absorption plate, Equation (3) can be further written as:

[0028]

[0029] where m d is the momentum of the debris cloud, v d is the velocity of the debris cloud. During the experiment, only the angular velocity ω of the momentum pendulum and the distance d between the ballistic axis and the rotation axis O need to be measured, and the momentum m′ of the debris cloud can be calculated according to Equation (4). p .

[0030] Furthermore, the method further includes the following steps:

[0031] Before the test, install the first rotation axis, low-friction rotation bearing, rotation axis connection component, rotation axis fixed connection bolt, main body frame, connection component connection bolt, dial connection component, dial fixed connection bolt, and rotation angle dial of the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism on the experimental bench frame. After adjusting the position, make the rotation angle dial perpendicular to the horizontal plane when stationary. Use the compound pendulum method to measure the moment of inertia J of the momentum pendulum. Then install the angular velocity measurement mechanism and the anti-splash debris blocking mechanism. Adjust the oscilloscope to the waiting trigger gear. After the projectile impacts, the momentum pendulum will swing, causing multiple on-off signals in the laser light path of the photoelectric measurement component and displaying the corresponding voltage changes on the oscilloscope.

[0032] Advantages of the present invention:

[0033] (1) For the ultra-high speed impact momentum test device and test method of the present invention, its basic principle is the conservation of angular momentum, which can realize the conversion of the mass and motion speed, which are difficult to measure, in the momentum of the projectile and debris cloud after impact, into the rotational angular velocity of the momentum pendulum, which is easier to measure. Compared with the existing methods based on flash X-rays, high-speed cameras, etc., it is convenient to operate and has high accuracy.

[0034] (2) For the ultra-high speed impact momentum test device and test method of the present invention, its core component is the momentum pendulum, which is processed from high-strength lightweight composite materials. The specific dimensions and the marking accuracy of the rotation angle dial can be determined according to experimental requirements, and it has good versatility for experimental working conditions.

[0035] (3) The ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device and testing method of the present invention has an angular velocity measuring device as the testing component, which is composed of an optoelectronic measuring component and an impact flash shielding device. The impact flash shielding device realizes the encapsulation of the optoelectronic measuring component, can effectively avoid the influence of strong impact flashes during the ultra-high-speed impact process, and improve the quality of the signals obtained by the optoelectronic measuring component; the optoelectronic measuring component does not come into contact with the momentum pendulum during the experiment, has no influence on the testing system, and the obtained data is more accurate.

[0036] (4) The ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device and testing method of the present invention introduces a back-splashed debris blocking device, which uses the impact of the back-splashed debris to prompt the mechanical mechanism to respond quickly, form a barrier to the back-splashed debris and reduce its impact on the momentum pendulum, further improving the accuracy of the testing data. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 It is the front view of the overall structure of the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device. The number of main frames 9 in the figure is two;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 2;

[0039] Figure 3 It is for Figure 2 side view;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the angular velocity measuring mechanism 3;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the back-splashed debris blocking mechanism 4;

[0042] Figure 6 It is the front view of the back-splashed debris blocking mechanism 4;

[0043] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the back-splashed debris blocking door 17;

[0044] Figure 8 It is a test diagram of the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 1. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0045] Detailed Implementation Mode 1: In combination with Figures 1-7 This detailed implementation mode is described. The ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device described in this detailed implementation mode includes an experimental bench frame 1, a lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 2, an angular velocity measuring mechanism 3, and a back-splashed debris blocking mechanism 4; the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 2 is installed on the experimental bench frame 1, the angular velocity measuring mechanism 3 is arranged below the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 2 and installed on the experimental bench frame 1, and the back-splashed debris blocking mechanism 4 is installed at one end of the experimental bench frame 1 behind the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 2 along the length direction of the experimental bench frame 1;

[0046] The lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 2 includes a first rotating shaft 5, a main body frame 9, an angular scale dial 13, and two low-friction rotating bearings 6; the first rotating shaft 5 is fixedly installed on the experimental bench frame body, the main body frame 9 is rotationally connected and installed on the first rotating shaft 5 through the low-friction rotating bearings 6, the angular scale dial 13 is installed at the bottom end of the main body frame 9, the angular scale dial 13 is arranged perpendicular to the first rotating shaft 5, the angular scale dial 13 is arranged to swing around the axis of the first rotating shaft 5, the scale lines of the angular scale dial 13 are arranged at the measurement position of the angular velocity measurement mechanism 3, and the anti-splashing debris blocking mechanism 4 is arranged corresponding to the center of the main body frame 9.

[0047] In this application, to ensure the test accuracy of the overall momentum pendulum, the machining of the connection positioning holes should minimize errors and be symmetrically distributed as much as possible. When installing the connection components, all connection bolts should adopt a connection method combining positive and negative to achieve the symmetrical distribution of the mass of the momentum pendulum. The number of the main body frames 9 in this application is at least one. The main body frame 9 is made of titanium alloy material, and the main body frame 9 can be made of composite materials. The main body frame 9 has the characteristics of light weight and high strength. Moreover, in the ultra-high-speed impact, due to the extremely short action time of the projectile and target, the impulse given by the projectile to the target body is extremely small, and the main body frame 9 swings very little during the experiment.

[0048] Specific Embodiment 2: Combining Figures 1-7 To illustrate this embodiment, in the ultra-high-speed impact momentum test device described in this embodiment, the angular velocity measurement mechanism 3 includes a photoelectric measurement component 14, an impact flash shielding component 15, and an oscilloscope 16; the photoelectric measurement component 14 is connected to the oscilloscope 16, the laser emitter and receiver of the photoelectric measurement component 14 are respectively located on both sides of the angular scale dial 13, and the impact flash shielding component 15 is buckled on the laser emitter and receiver of the photoelectric measurement component 14. Other structures and components are the same as those in Specific Embodiment 1.

[0049] In this embodiment, the laser emitter and receiver of the photoelectric measurement component 14 form a test optical path. When the angular scale dial 13 swings, the through holes in the angular scale dial sequentially pass through the test optical path, causing multiple on-off of the optical path and forming corresponding voltage rise and fall signals by the laser receiver. The purpose of the impact flash shielding component 15 is to reduce the influence of the impact flash on the experimental data: when the projectile impacts the target at ultra-high speed, an instantaneously high-brightness impact flash can be generated. When this flash acts on the laser receiver, it will cause the voltage signal generated by it to jitter, affecting the interpretation of the data. The overall structure of the impact flash shielding component 15 is a square box shape, and a slot is opened in the middle of the square box. The size of this slot should be determined according to the actual size of the angular scale dial of the momentum pendulum, and the distance from the angular scale dial should be as small as possible. The impact flash device houses the photoelectric measurement component 14 inside, and when assembling, it should be avoided that the lines included in the photoelectric measurement component 14 and the impact flash shielding component 15 block the laser optical path.

[0050] Embodiment 3: Figures 1-7 In this embodiment, for the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device described in this embodiment, the angular scale dial 13 is an arc-shaped plate. Scale lines are machined along the arc direction of the arc-shaped plate, and through holes are machined on each scale line. The laser emitter and receiver of the photoelectric measurement assembly 14 are correspondingly arranged with the through holes on the scale lines. Other structures and components are the same as those in Embodiment 2.

[0051] In this embodiment, the center of the arc-shaped plate of the angular scale dial 13 coincides with the axis of the first rotating shaft 5. The size of the through holes formed inside the angular scale dial 13 and the angle between adjacent through holes are selected according to the accuracy required for experimental measurement. To improve the test accuracy of the momentum pendulum, the angular scale dial 13 should ensure high flatness, and the centers of all through holes should be located on a circumference with the same radius that coincides with the axis of the rotating shaft, and the angle between the centers of adjacent through holes remains consistent.

[0052] Embodiment 4: Figures 1-7 In this embodiment, for the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device described in this embodiment, the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 2 further includes a scale dial connection assembly 11, two rotating shaft connection assemblies 7, two connecting component connection bolts 10, two scale dial fixed connection bolts 12, and a plurality of rotating shaft fixed connection bolts 8; each end of the first rotating shaft 5 is rotatably connected and installed at one end of a rotating shaft connection assembly 7 through a low-friction rotating bearing 6, and the other end of each rotating shaft connection assembly 7 is fixedly connected to the main body frame 9 through a rotating shaft fixed connection bolt 8. One end of the scale dial connection assembly 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the main body frame 9 through two connecting component connection bolts 10, and the other end of the scale dial connection assembly 11 is fixedly connected to the angular scale dial 13 through two scale dial fixed connection bolts 12. Other structures and components are the same as those in Embodiment 3.

[0053] Embodiment 5: Figures 1-7 In this embodiment, for the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device described in this embodiment, the impact flash shielding assembly 15 is a strip-shaped buckle plate. The upper end surface of the strip-shaped buckle plate is concave downward from both ends to the center. A notch is machined along the center line in the width direction of the middle part of the strip-shaped buckle plate, and the angular scale dial 13 is arranged at the notch of the impact flash shielding assembly 15. Other structures and components are the same as those in Embodiment 4.

[0054] Embodiment 6: Figures 1-7To describe this embodiment, in the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device described in this embodiment, the anti-spray debris blocking mechanism 4 includes an anti-spray debris blocking door 17 and a multi-layer post-impact projectile protection structure 18; the anti-spray debris blocking door 17 and the multi-layer post-impact projectile protection structure 18 are arranged side by side in parallel and at equal intervals, and the anti-spray debris blocking door 17 and the multi-layer post-impact projectile protection structure 18 are fixedly connected by four connecting rods, and the four connecting rods are arranged at the four corners of a rectangle. Other structures and components are the same as those in the first specific embodiment.

[0055] In this embodiment, the anti-spray debris blocking mechanism 4 is mainly applied to the working condition of measuring the momentum of the target body. The main purpose of the multi-layer post-impact projectile protection structure 18 after impact is to block the projectiles and prevent them from continuing to move at high speed and damaging the target chamber of the two-stage light gas gun system. The purpose of the anti-spray debris blocking door 17 is to block the anti-spray debris generated after the projectile impacts the protection structure and reduce its impact on the swing of the momentum pendulum.

[0056] Specific embodiment seven: Combining Figure 5 and Figure 6 To describe this embodiment, in the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device described in this embodiment, the post-impact projectile protection structure 18 is a plate body made of foam ceramics.

[0057] Specific embodiment eight: Combining Figure 7 To describe this embodiment, in the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device described in this embodiment, the anti-spray debris blocking door 17 includes a door plate body, two torsion springs 19, two second rotating shafts 20, two rectangular steel doors 21, and two strong suction magnets 22; the door plate body is a plate body with a rectangular through hole processed in the center, and the two rectangular steel doors 21 are rotatably connected and oppositely arranged at two symmetric sides of the rectangular through hole, and the two ends of each torsion spring 19 are elastically installed on the rectangular steel door 21 and the door plate body, and the two strong suction magnets 22 are symmetrically installed at two symmetric sides of the rectangular through hole. The door plate body is made of aluminum plate. When the anti-spray debris blocking door 17 is assembled, the rectangular steel door 21 is connected to the aluminum plate through the torsion spring 19 and the second rotating shaft 20. A limiter should be set on the rectangular steel door so that the included angle between it and the aluminum plate is 60° or less. The strong suction magnets are adhered to the aluminum plate and can assist the rectangular steel door to close quickly when the anti-spray debris arrives, so as to further reduce the passage of the anti-spray debris. Other structures and components are the same as those in the first specific embodiment.

[0058] Specific embodiment nine: Combining Figures 1-8 To describe this embodiment, the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing method described in this embodiment is implemented in the following manner:

[0059] Method one: Measuring the momentum of the target body after impact;

[0060] The momentum of the target is the momentum transferred to the target after the projectile impacts and passes through the thin plate target at ultra-high speed. The momentum moment of the momentum pendulum test system is conserved relative to the rotation axis O. Therefore, the momentum moment M1 of the projectile before impact, the momentum moment M2 of the target, and the momentum moment M3 of the projectile or fragment cloud (equivalent to a mass body moving along the ballistic axis) after impact satisfy Equation (1);

[0061] M1 + M2 = M3 (5)

[0062]

[0063] where d is the distance between the ballistic axis and the rotation axis P, m p is the mass of the projectile before impact, v0 is the velocity of the projectile before impact, m′ p is the momentum of the projectile or fragment cloud after impact, v1 is the velocity of the projectile or fragment cloud after impact, J is the moment of inertia of the momentum pendulum (including the target fixed on it), ω is the rotational angular velocity of the momentum pendulum (including the target fixed on it), and m p and J are measured before the experiment. Substituting the specific form of the momentum moment in Equation (2) into Equation (1), we can further obtain:

[0064]

[0065] According to Equation (3), during the experiment, only the rotational angular velocity ω of the momentum pendulum and the distance d between the ballistic axis and the rotation axis O need to be measured to directly obtain the momentum of the target after impact;

[0066] Method 2: Measurement of the momentum of the fragment cloud after impact;

[0067] The momentum of the fragment cloud is the momentum of the fragment cloud formed after the projectile impacts and passes through the target at ultra-high speed. When introducing a momentum pendulum to measure this part of the momentum, an absorption plate needs to be set to stop the movement of the fragment cloud and transfer the momentum to the momentum pendulum system. Since the fragment cloud stops moving completely after impacting the absorption plate, Equation (3) can be further written as:

[0068]

[0069] where m d is the momentum of the fragment cloud, v d is the velocity of the fragment cloud. During the experiment, only the angular velocity ω of the momentum pendulum and the distance d between the ballistic axis and the rotation axis O need to be measured to calculate the momentum m′ of the fragment cloud according to Equation (4) p .

[0070] Specific implementation method ten: combination Figures 1-8To describe this embodiment, for the ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing method described in this embodiment, before the test, the first rotating shaft 5, low-friction rotating bearing 6, rotating shaft connection assembly 7, rotating shaft fixed connection bolt 8, main body frame 9, connection assembly connection bolt 10, dial connection assembly 11, dial fixed connection bolt 12 and rotation angle dial 13 of the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism 2 are installed on the experimental bench frame. After adjusting the position, the rotation angle dial 13 is kept perpendicular to the horizontal plane when it is stationary. Using the compound pendulum method, the moment of inertia J of the momentum pendulum is measured. Then the angular velocity measuring mechanism 3 and the

[0071] spatter fragment blocking mechanism 4 are installed. The oscilloscope 16 is adjusted to the waiting trigger gear. After the projectile impacts, the momentum pendulum will swing, causing multiple on-off signals to occur in the laser light path of the photoelectric measurement component 14 and corresponding voltage changes to be displayed on the oscilloscope 16. Other structures and components are the same as those in the ninth specific embodiment.

[0072] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, may make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to obtain equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, as long as the content of the technical solution of the present invention is not departed from, and based on the technical essence of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement of the above embodiments within the spirit and principle of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for testing the momentum of hypervelocity impact, characterized in that: It includes an experimental bench frame (1), a lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism (2), an angular velocity measuring mechanism (3), and a spatter fragment blocking mechanism (4); the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism (2) is installed on the experimental bench frame (1), the angular velocity measuring mechanism (3) is arranged below the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism (2) and installed on the experimental bench frame (1), and the spatter fragment blocking mechanism (4) is installed along the length direction of the experimental bench frame (1) at one end of the experimental bench frame (1) behind the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism (2); The lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism (2) includes a first rotating shaft (5), a main body frame (9), an angular scale dial (13), and two low-friction rotating bearings (6); the first rotating shaft (5) is fixedly installed on the experimental bench frame, the main body frame (9) is rotationally connected and installed on the first rotating shaft (5) through the low-friction rotating bearings (6), the angular scale dial (13) is installed at the bottom end of the main body frame (9), the angular scale dial (13) is arranged perpendicular to the first rotating shaft (5), the angular scale dial (13) is arranged to swing around the axis of the first rotating shaft (5), the scale lines of the angular scale dial (13) are arranged at the measurement position of the angular velocity measuring mechanism (3), and the spatter fragment blocking mechanism (4) is arranged corresponding to the center of the main body frame (9).

2. The ultra-high speed impact momentum testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The angular velocity measuring mechanism (3) includes an optoelectronic measuring component (14), an impact flash shielding component (15), and an oscilloscope (16); the optoelectronic measuring component (14) is connected to the oscilloscope (16), the laser emitter and receiver of the optoelectronic measuring component (14) are respectively located on both sides of the angular scale dial (13), and the impact flash shielding component (15) is buckled on the laser emitter and receiver of the optoelectronic measuring component (14).

3. The hypervelocity impact momentum testing device according to claim 2, wherein: The angular scale dial (13) is an arc-shaped plate, scale lines are processed along the arc direction of the arc-shaped plate, and through holes are processed on each scale line, and the laser emitter and receiver of the optoelectronic measuring component (14) are arranged corresponding to the through holes on the scale line.

4. The ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism (2) further includes a scale dial connection component (11), two rotating shaft connection components (7), two connection component connection bolts (10), two scale dial fixed connection bolts (12), and a plurality of rotating shaft fixed connection bolts (8); each end of the first rotating shaft (5) is rotationally connected and installed at one end of a rotating shaft connection component (7) through a low-friction rotating bearing (6), the other end of each rotating shaft connection component (7) is fixedly connected to the main body frame (9) through a rotating shaft fixed connection bolt (8), one end of the scale dial connection component (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the main body frame (9) through two connection component connection bolts (10), and the other end of the scale dial connection component (11) is fixedly connected to the angular scale dial (13) through two scale dial fixed connection bolts (12).

5. The ultra-high speed impact momentum testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact flash shielding component (15) is a strip-shaped buckling plate, the upper end surface of the strip-shaped buckling plate is concave downward from both ends to the center, a notch is processed along the center line in the width direction in the middle of the strip-shaped buckling plate, and the angular scale dial (13) is arranged at the notch of the impact flash shielding component (15).

6. The super-high-speed impact momentum testing device according to claim 1, wherein: The anti-spatter debris blocking mechanism (4) includes an anti-spatter debris blocking door (17) and a multi-layer projectile protection structure after impact (18); the anti-spatter debris blocking door (17) and the multi-layer projectile protection structure after impact (18) are arranged side by side in parallel and at equal intervals, and the anti-spatter debris blocking door (17) and the multi-layer projectile protection structure after impact (18) are fixedly connected by four connecting rods, and the four connecting rods are arranged at the four corners of a rectangle.

7. The ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The projectile protection structure after impact (18) is a plate body made of foam ceramics.

8. The ultra-high-speed impact momentum testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anti-spatter debris blocking door (17) includes a door plate body, two torsion springs (19), two second rotating shafts (20), two rectangular steel doors (21), and two strong suction magnets (22); the door plate body is a plate body with a rectangular through hole processed in the center, and the two rectangular steel doors (21) are rotatably connected and oppositely arranged at two symmetric sides of the rectangular through hole, and both ends of each torsion spring (19) are elastically installed on the rectangular steel door (21) and the door plate body, and the two strong suction magnets (22) are symmetrically installed at two symmetric sides of the rectangular through hole.

9. A testing method using the hypervelocity impact momentum testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method is implemented in the following manner: Method 1: Measuring the momentum of the target after impact; The momentum of the target after impact refers to the momentum transferred to the target after the projectile impacts and penetrates the thin plate target at ultra-high speed. The angular momentum of the momentum pendulum test system is conserved relative to the rotating shaft O, so the angular momentum M1 of the projectile before impact, the angular momentum M2 of the target, and the angular momentum M3 of the projectile or fragment cloud after impact satisfy Equation (1); M1 + M2 = M3 (1) where d is the distance between the ballistic axis and the rotation axis O, m p is the mass of the projectile before impact, v0 is the velocity of the projectile before impact, m′ p is the momentum of the projectile or the fragment cloud after impact, v1 is the velocity of the projectile or the fragment cloud after impact, J is the moment of inertia of the momentum pendulum, ω is the angular velocity of the momentum pendulum, and m p and J are measured before the experiment. Substituting the specific form of the angular momentum in Equation (2) into Equation (1), we can further obtain: According to Equation (3), during the experiment, only the rotational angular velocity ω of the momentum pendulum and the distance d between the ballistic axis and the rotating shaft O need to be measured to directly obtain the momentum of the target after impact; Method 2: Measuring the momentum of the fragment cloud after impact; The momentum of the fragment cloud refers to the momentum of the fragment cloud formed after the projectile impacts and penetrates the target at ultra-high speed. When introducing a momentum pendulum to measure this part of the momentum, an absorption plate needs to be set to stop the movement of the fragment cloud and transfer the momentum to the momentum pendulum system. Since the fragment cloud completely stops moving after impacting the absorption plate, Equation (3) can be further written as: where m d is the momentum of the debris cloud, v d is the velocity of the debris cloud. During the experiment, only the angular velocity ω of the momentum pendulum and the distance d between the ballistic axis and the rotation axis O need to be measured, and then the momentum m′ of the debris cloud can be calculated according to Equation (4). p .

10. The test method of the ultra-high speed impact momentum test device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Before the test, install the first rotating shaft (5), low-friction rotating bearing (6), rotating shaft connection assembly (7), rotating shaft fixed connection bolt (8), main body frame (9), connection assembly connection bolt (10), dial connection assembly (11), dial fixed connection bolt (12) and rotation angle dial (13) of the lightweight momentum pendulum mechanism (2) on the experimental bench frame. After adjusting the position, make the rotation angle dial (13) perpendicular to the horizontal plane when stationary. Use the compound pendulum method to measure the moment of inertia J of the momentum pendulum, and then install the angular velocity measuring mechanism (3) and the anti-spatter debris blocking mechanism (4). Adjust the oscilloscope (16) to the waiting trigger gear. After the projectile impacts, the momentum pendulum will swing, causing multiple on-off signals to be generated in the laser light path of the photoelectric measurement component (14) and corresponding voltage changes to be displayed in the oscilloscope (16).

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