Crop harvesting dust emission measurement and control test bench

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dust emission measurement and control test bench for crop harvesting operations, comprising a conveyor belt, a stand, working parts, a drive assembly, a dust collection device, and a dust measurement system; a modular working part is provided above the stand, a drive assembly is provided above the working part, a conveyor belt is provided in front of the working part, a dust collection device is provided behind the working part, and a dust measurement system is provided in the dust collection device; the drive assembly comprises a plurality of independent drive motors; the dust collection device comprises a parallel cyclone separator, a spiral conveyor, a dust collecting barrel, and a pulse filter cartridge dust collector; the parallel cyclone separator has an air inlet, and the air inlet is used to be connected to the exhaust outlet of the agricultural machine; the dust measurement system comprises a No. 1 dust concentration meter and an impeller anemometer provided on the inner side of the air inlet, a No. 2 dust concentration meter and an ultrasonic anemometer provided on the inner side of the pipeline, and a No. 3 dust concentration meter provided at the outlet of the pulse filter cartridge dust collector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a dust emission measurement and control test platform for crop harvesting operations, belonging to the technical field of dust emission testing for crop harvesting operations. Background Art

[0002] Harvesting is an important technical means of mechanized production. Its operation procedures mainly include harvesting / picking, transportation, threshing / picking fruits, cleaning, collecting, etc. It is the main direction of the modernization of agricultural production. However, during the harvesting process, the machinery interacts with the crops, disturbing the soil particles attached to the surface of the crops, forming dust suspended in the air, and discharged out of the machine as the machinery operates, causing the following problems: First, the dust from the harvesting operation mainly includes free silica, crop tissue fibers, pesticides, heavy metals, etc., which are harmful to the health of operators and surrounding residents. Among them, the widely existing free silica can cause silicosis and other serious respiratory diseases; second, the dust affects the operator's line of sight, reducing the efficiency and quality of the harvesting operation; third, the dust can easily damage precision components, and increase the sealing requirements of the engine and working parts; fourth, the engine air filter needs to be cleaned frequently, otherwise it will affect the system's primary filtration efficiency, increase the system resistance, and even suck out the filter element; fifth, the dust adheres to the engine cooling cover, reducing the heat dissipation efficiency; sixth, a large amount of PM10 and PM2.5 in the dust can remain suspended in the air for a long time, which is an important source of air pollution during the harvest season. The extensive dust emission patterns of harvesting operations have gradually become a focus of attention and control in major producing areas. However, key issues such as the generation mechanism and diffusion patterns of dust have not been systematically studied, and the formulation of relevant dust reduction measures and control standards lacks a theoretical basis. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dust emission measurement and control test platform for crop harvesting operations, which collects various parameters of harvester operations over a period of time, collects the harvester's dust completely and by particle size, and systematically studies the influencing factors of dust emissions from machinery during harvesting operations, which is conducive to exploring the intrinsic relationship between the physical properties of dust particles and key parameters of materials and machinery, revealing the generation mechanism of dust, obtaining low-dust operation strategies and technical solutions, and providing a theoretical basis for reducing dust emission pollution from crop harvesting operations.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A test bench for measuring and controlling dust emissions from crop harvesting operations, comprising a conveyor belt 1, a stand 4, a working component 2, a drive assembly 3, a dust collection device 5, and a dust measurement system 7; the stand 4 is provided with a modular working component 2, the working component 2 is provided with a drive assembly 3, the front of the working component 2 is provided with the conveyor belt 1, the rear of the working component 2 is provided with the dust collection device 5, and the dust measurement system 7 is provided in the dust collection device 5; the drive assembly 3 includes a plurality of independent drive motors; the dust collection device 5 includes a parallel cyclone separator 5-4, a screw conveyor 5-3, a dust collection barrel 5-12, and a pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10; the parallel cyclone separator 5-4 has an air inlet 5-5, the air inlet 5-5 is used to connect with the exhaust outlet of the working part 2; the parallel cyclone separator 5-4 is provided with a cyclone outlet on the top and a separation outlet on the bottom, and the cyclone outlet is connected to the cyclone fan 5-6; the cyclone fan 5-6, the bellows 5-8, the pipe 5-9, and the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10 are connected in sequence; the separation outlet is connected to the inlet of the screw conveyor 5-3, and the outlet of the screw conveyor 5-3 is provided with the dust collecting barrel 5-12; the dust measurement system 7 includes a No. 1 dust concentration meter and an impeller anemometer provided on the inner side of the air inlet 5-5, a No. 2 dust concentration meter and an ultrasonic anemometer provided on the inner side of the pipe 5-9, and a No. 3 dust concentration meter provided at the outlet of the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10.

[0006] Preferably, the dust measurement system 7 also includes an air flow meter, a temperature and humidity sensor, and an atmospheric particulate matter sampler.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom of the dust collection device 5 is a movable traction-type chassis 5-1, a rectangular bracket 5-2 is provided on one side of the chassis 5-1, the screw conveyor 5-3 is provided on the inner and lower side of the rectangular bracket 5-2, and a group of parallel cyclone separators 5-4 are provided above the screw conveyor 5-3; a screw conveyor motor 5-11 is provided on one side of the screw conveyor 5-3, and the screw conveyor motor 5-11 is connected to the power input shaft of the screw conveyor 5-3 through a chain drive, one side of the cyclone fan 5-6 is connected to the inlet of the bellows 5-8, the bellows 5-8 is connected to the pipe 5-9, and the outlet of the pipe 5-9 is connected to the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10, and an air compressor 5-13 is provided on one side of the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10, and the air compressor 5-13 is connected to the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10 through an air pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a power cabinet 6, which includes a power switch, a frequency converter, and a signal communication module.

[0009] Furthermore, the conveyor belts 1 are two conveyor belts connected in parallel, and the length of each conveyor belt is not less than 6 meters.

[0010] Furthermore, the platform 4 includes a frame 4-1, a built-in traction frame 4-3 is provided at one end of the frame 4-1, telescopic legs 4-2 are provided on both sides, a damper 4-4 is provided at the bottom of the telescopic legs 4-2, a rear axle 4-5 is provided below, and tires 4-6 are provided on both sides of the rear axle 4-4.

[0011] Furthermore, the drive assembly 3 includes a motor platform 302, on which a cleaning motor 301, a rice seedling breaking motor 305, a fruit picking motor 303 and a rice seedling lifting motor 304 are arranged in sequence from front to back; the fruit picking motor 303 and the rice seedling breaking motor 305 are arranged side by side, with their main shafts facing in opposite directions; a rear coupling 312 is provided on each main shaft, a torque sensor 310 is provided at the other end of the rear coupling 312, a front coupling 309 is provided at the other end of the torque sensor 310, a transmission shaft 306 is provided at the other end of the front coupling 309, and the transmission shaft 306 is mounted on a bearing The bearing seat 307 is mounted on the support plate 308, the support plate 308 is mounted on the motor platform 302, and the torque sensor 310 is fixedly connected to the support plate 308 through the L-shaped plate 311; the feeding motor 313 is arranged at the front and lower part of the motor platform 302, and is connected to the power input wheel of the conveyor trough 202 through a chain drive, the cleaning motor 301 is connected to the power input wheel of the cleaning system through a two-stage belt drive, the rice seedling breaking motor 305 is connected to the power input wheel of the rice seedling breaking roller through a two-stage belt drive, and the fruit picking motor 303 is connected to the gearbox through a belt drive. The gearbox then distributes the power to the fruit picking device and the re-picking device, and the vine lifting motor 304 is connected to the power input wheel of the vine lifting fan through a belt drive; when in use, the feeding motor 313, the cleaning motor 301, the vine breaking motor 305, the fruit picking motor 303, and the vine lifting motor 304 are driven by their respective frequency converters; the above motors are started at the designed speed, and the test bench starts working. The crop plants are fed with the designed feeding amount at the feeding table 201. The crop plants are separated from the pods, vines and impurities under the combined action of the fruit picking device and the cleaning system, and the pods fall into the fruit row The auger is used to blow the vines into the fruit discharge channel by the fruit discharge fan. The relatively complete vines enter the vine breaking roller at the bottom of the fruit picking device and enter the vine lifting fan after being crushed. The broken vines and impurities enter the vine lifting fan directly under the action of the cleaning system, and the vine lifting fan blows the vines into the vine collecting box. The crop plants that are not picked clean cannot be carried by the vine lifting fan due to their high specific gravity and enter the re-picking device and return to the fruit picking device. After the single test is completed, the pods discharged from the fruit discharge channel and the vines in the vine collecting box are collected, and the vine collecting box is cleaned, and then the next test is carried out according to the test design content.

[0012] A working method of the above-mentioned crop harvesting operation dust emission measurement and control test bench, before the test, the material is placed on the conveyor belt 1 according to the required density and fed according to the feeding amount required; the working part 2 is modularly designed and can be replaced according to the detection object, so as to meet the dust emission measurement and control research of combined harvesting operations such as wheat, rice, peanuts, soybeans, and cotton; the drive component 3 is used to drive the working parts 2 such as conveying, threshing / picking, cleaning, and collecting to operate under different working parameters; the dust collection device 5 adopts a centrifugal-filtration combination to meet the dust collection needs of crop harvesting operations, and the collected dust is measured by instruments such as laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer to reflect the basic physical properties of the dust; the dust measurement system 7 can detect the flow rate, concentration parameter values and changes of the operation dust in real time; the functions of the power cabinet 6 include powering the test bench, sending control signals, and collecting acquisition signals.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] 1) The first integrated dust emission measurement and control test platform for crop harvesting operations was created, which fully collects dust emissions from crop harvesting operations, making up for the lack of experimental means in the assessment of dust emissions from agricultural production equipment and the study of emission mechanisms;

[0015] 2) A method and device for collecting all dust particles based on a combined centrifugal and filtration process is proposed. After the dust-laden airflow first enters the cyclone separator, larger dust particles are easily captured by the cyclone separator, while smaller dust particles escape from the outlet and enter the cartridge dust collector for secondary capture. This effectively utilizes the capture characteristics of the cyclone separator and the cartridge dust collector, while preventing clogging and damage to the filter cartridge, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.

[0016] 3) Both the working parts and the driving components adopt modular design and compact structure. The working parts are easy to replace and the working parameters are adjustable to meet the diverse test needs.

[0017] 4) The entire test bench can be towed by a tractor and is easy to move around the site;

[0018] 5) The lower end of the telescopic legs of the test bench is equipped with a damper, which cooperates with the tire to reduce the vibration generated during the test operation and ensure stable and reliable operation;

[0019] 6) The driving of multiple components and the signal acquisition of multiple positions and parameters are all uniformly controlled by the power cabinet, which can provide real-time feedback on the working status of the test bench, making the operation convenient and the test efficiency high;

[0020] 7) The test bench control system sets the working conditions such as the working speed, working time, delayed start, etc. of the working components, and collects the measurement data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is an overall axonometric diagram of the crop harvesting operation dust emission measurement and control test bench of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a side view of the crop harvesting dust emission measurement and control test bench of the present invention (excluding the conveyor belt).

[0023] Figure 3 It is a side view of the other side of the crop harvesting dust emission measurement and control test bench of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the test bench structure.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust collection device.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the motor platform and the motors installed on it, such as the cleaning motor, fruit picking motor, vine lifting motor, and vine breaking motor.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the feeding motor transmission.

[0028] In the figure, 1 conveyor belt, 2 working parts, 3 drive assembly, 4 stand, 5 dust collection device, 6 power cabinet, 7 dust measurement system;

[0029] 4-1 frame, 4-2 telescopic legs, 4-3 built-in traction frame, 4-4 damper, 4-5 rear axle, 4-6 tire, 4-7;

[0030] 5-1 chassis, 5-2 rectangular bracket, 5-3 screw conveyor, 5-4 parallel cyclone separator, 5-5 air inlet, 5-6 cyclone fan, 5-7 cyclone motor, 5-8 bellows, 5-9 pipe, 5-10 pulse filter cartridge dust collector, 5-11 screw conveyor motor, 5-12 dust collection bucket, 5-13 air compressor;

[0031] 301. Cleaning motor, 302. Motor platform, 303. Fruit picking motor, 304. Vine lifting motor, 305. Vine crushing motor, 306. Drive shaft, 307. Bearing seat, 308. Support plate, 309. Front coupling, 310. Torque sensor, 311. L-shaped plate, 312. Rear coupling, 313. Feeding motor, 201. Feeding platform, 202. Conveyor trough. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] First, see Figure 1-3 The present invention relates to a test bench for measuring and controlling dust emissions from crop harvesting operations:

[0034] A modular working part 2 is provided above the stand 4, a driving assembly 3 is provided above the working part 2, a conveyor belt 1 is provided in front of the working part 2, a dust collection device 5 is provided behind the working part 2, a power cabinet 6 is provided on the dust collection device 5, and a dust measurement system 7 is provided inside the dust collection device 5.

[0035] The present invention aims to achieve two basic functions:

[0036] First, the actual working state of the crop harvester is simulated by driving the working component 3 2. However, the power source of each functional component of the crop harvester in the actual practical state is from the diesel engine, which is distributed to each functional component through the gear box. As a simulation test bench, the present invention uses a motor for the power of each functional component, and through reasonable arrangement, except for the feeding motor 313 (such as Figure 7 All motors other than the one shown (shown) are mounted on a motor platform and equipped with corresponding transmission mechanisms and sensors for acquiring monitoring parameters. It should be noted that the functional components of "working unit 2" itself are similar to those of actual crop harvesting machines in the prior art. This is done to better simulate the actual working state of existing "crop harvesting machines." Therefore, the structure of these functional components themselves does not constitute a contribution of this application to the prior art.

[0037] Second, see Figure 5 , provides a set of dust collection device, the air inlet 5-5 of the device is directly connected to the exhaust port of the crop harvester, completely collects all the dust emissions of the crop harvester, and uses the parallel cyclone separator 5-4 and the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10 to classify and collect the dust according to the particle size. At the same time, the process parameters are monitored in real time by the dust concentration meter, impeller anemometer, ultrasonic anemometer, air flow meter and the like installed in the corresponding parts.

[0038] See also Figure 4 The platform 4 includes a frame 4-1, a built-in traction frame 4-3 is provided at one end of the frame 4-1, telescopic legs 4-2 are provided on both sides, a damper 4-4 is provided at the bottom of the telescopic legs 4-2, a rear axle 4-5 is provided below, and tires 4-6 are provided on both sides of the rear axle 4-4.

[0039] See also Figure 5The dust collecting device 5 has a movable traction chassis 5-1 at the bottom, a rectangular bracket 5-2 is provided on one side of the chassis 5-1, a screw conveyor 5-3 is provided on the inner lower side of the rectangular bracket 5-2, a group of parallel cyclone separators 5-4 are provided above the screw conveyor 5-3, an air inlet 5-5 is provided on the upper part of the parallel cyclone separator 5-4, a cyclone fan 5-6 and a cyclone motor 5-7 are provided on the top, the bottom is connected to the inlet of the screw conveyor 5-3, and the outlet of the screw conveyor 5-3 is provided with a dust collecting bucket 5-12 A screw conveyor motor 5-11 is provided on one side of the screw conveyor 5-3. The screw conveyor motor 5-11 is connected to the power input shaft of the screw conveyor 5-3 via a chain drive. A cyclone fan 5-6 is connected to the inlet of the bellows 5-8. The bellows 5-8 is connected to the pipe 5-9. The outlet of the pipe 5-9 is connected to the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10. An air compressor 5-13 is provided on one side of the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10. The air compressor 5-13 is connected to the pulse filter cartridge dust collector 5-10 via an air pipe. The pulse filter cartridge dust collector 10 is equipped with a drive motor, a suction fan, a pulse valve, a filter cartridge, an ash hopper, etc.

[0040] See also Figure 6-7The drive assembly 3 includes a motor platform 302, on which a cleaning motor 301, a rice seedling breaking motor 305, a fruit picking motor 303 and a rice seedling lifting motor 304 are arranged in sequence from front to back; the fruit picking motor 303 and the rice seedling breaking motor 305 are arranged side by side, with their main shafts facing in opposite directions; a rear coupling 312 is provided on each main shaft, a torque sensor 310 is provided at the other end of the rear coupling 312, a front coupling 309 is provided at the other end of the torque sensor 310, a transmission shaft 306 is provided at the other end of the front coupling 309, and the transmission shaft 306 is mounted on the bearing seat 30 7, the bearing seat 307 is installed on the support plate 308, the support plate 308 is installed on the motor platform 302, and the torque sensor 310 is fixed to the support plate 308 through the L-shaped plate 311; the feeding motor 313 is arranged at the front and lower part of the motor platform 302, and is connected to the power input wheel of the conveyor trough 202 through a chain drive, the cleaning motor 301 is connected to the power input wheel of the cleaning system through a two-stage belt drive, the rice seedling breaking motor 305 is connected to the power input wheel of the rice seedling breaking roller through a two-stage belt drive, and the fruit picking motor 303 is connected to the gearbox through a belt drive. The power is then distributed to the fruit picking device and the re-picking device, and the vine lifting motor 304 is connected to the power input wheel of the vine lifting fan through a belt drive; when in use, the feeding motor 313, the cleaning motor 301, the vine breaking motor 305, the fruit picking motor 303, and the vine lifting motor 304 are driven by their respective frequency converters; the above motors are started at the designed speed, and the test bench starts working. The crop plants are fed with the designed feeding amount at the feeding table 201. The crop plants are separated from the pods, vines and impurities under the combined action of the fruit picking device and the cleaning system, and the pods fall into the fruit discharge chute The pods are blown into the fruit discharge channel by the fruit discharge fan, and the relatively complete vines enter the vine breaking roller at the bottom of the fruit picking device, and enter the vine lifting fan after being crushed. The broken vines and impurities enter the vine lifting fan directly under the action of the cleaning system, and the vine lifting fan blows the vines into the vine collecting box; the crop plants that are not picked clean cannot be carried by the vine lifting fan due to their high specific gravity and enter the re-picking device and return to the fruit picking device; after the single test is completed, the pods discharged from the fruit discharge channel and the vines in the vine collecting box are collected, and the vine collecting box is cleaned, and then the next test is carried out according to the test design content.

[0041] See also Figure 1-3 The power cabinet 6 includes but is not limited to a power switch, a frequency converter, a signal communication module, and the like.

[0042] The dust measurement system 7 includes but is not limited to an insertable dust concentration meter, an air flow meter, an anemometer, a temperature and humidity sensor, an atmospheric particulate sampler, etc. The selection, location, and order of the above instruments can be freely selected according to needs.

[0043] See also Figure 1 The number of conveyor belts 1 is 2, the length of each belt is not less than 6 meters, and they are connected in parallel.

[0044] Before the test, materials were placed on conveyor belt 1 at the desired density and fed according to the required feed rate. The modular design of the working components 2 allows for replacement according to the target, meeting the requirements for dust emission measurement and control studies during combine harvesting operations for wheat, rice, peanuts, soybeans, cotton, and other crops. The test bench 4 accommodates the installation requirements of different types of working components 2 and can also be connected to a dust removal device for comparative dust reduction testing. The drive assembly 3 is used to drive the conveying, threshing / picking, cleaning, and collection working components 2 under different operating parameters. The dust collection device 5 utilizes a combined centrifugal and filtration mechanism to meet the dust collection requirements of crop harvesting operations. The collected dust is measured using instruments such as a laser particle size analyzer, a scanning electron microscope, and an X-ray diffractometer to reveal its basic physical properties. The dust measurement system 7 monitors the flow rate, concentration, and other parameters of the dust in real time, and their changes. The power cabinet 6 provides power to the test bench, transmits control signals, and collects collected signals.

[0045] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or improvements based on the above. Without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, these changes or improvements should fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A test bench for measuring and controlling dust emissions during crop harvesting operations, characterized by: It comprises a conveyor belt (1), a stand (4), a working component (2), a driving assembly (3), a dust collecting device (5), and a dust measuring system (7); The modular working component (2) is provided above the platform (4), a driving assembly (3) is provided above the working component (2), the conveyor belt (1) is provided in front of the working component (2), the dust collecting device (5) is provided behind the working component (2), and a dust measuring system (7) is provided in the dust collecting device (5); The driving assembly (3) includes a plurality of independent driving motors; The dust collecting device (5) comprises a parallel cyclone separator (5-4), a screw conveyor (5-3), a dust collecting barrel (5-12), and a pulse filter cartridge dust collector (5-10); The parallel cyclone separator (5-4) has an air inlet (5-5), and the air inlet (5-5) is used to connect to the air outlet of the working component (2); the parallel cyclone separator (5-4) is provided with a cyclone outlet at the top and a separation outlet at the bottom, and the cyclone outlet is connected to the cyclone fan (5-6); the cyclone fan (5-6), the bellows (5-8), the pipeline (5-9), and the pulse filter cartridge dust collector (5-10) are connected in sequence; the separation outlet is connected to the inlet of the screw conveyor (5-3), and the outlet of the screw conveyor (5-3) is provided with the dust collecting barrel (5-12); The dust measurement system (7) includes a No. 1 dust concentration meter and an impeller anemometer provided inside the air inlet (5-5), a No. 2 dust concentration meter and an ultrasonic anemometer provided inside the pipe (5-9), and a No. 3 dust concentration meter provided at the outlet of the pulse filter cartridge dust collector (5-10); The dust measurement system (7) further includes an air flow meter, a temperature and humidity sensor, and an atmospheric particulate matter sampler; The bottom of the dust collecting device (5) is a movable traction-type chassis (5-1), a rectangular bracket (5-2) is provided on one side of the chassis (5-1), a screw conveyor (5-3) is provided on the inner lower side of the rectangular bracket (5-2), and a group of parallel cyclone separators (5-4) is provided above the screw conveyor (5-3); A screw conveyor motor (5-11) is provided on one side of the screw conveyor (5-3), and the screw conveyor motor (5-11) is connected to a power input shaft of the screw conveyor (5-3) through a chain drive. A cyclone fan (5-6) is connected to an inlet of a bellows (5-8), and the bellows (5-8) is connected to a pipe (5-9). An outlet of the pipe (5-9) is connected to a pulse filter cartridge type dust collector (5-10). An air compressor (5-13) is provided on one side of the pulse filter cartridge type dust collector (5-10), and the air compressor (5-13) and the pulse filter cartridge type dust collector (5-10) are connected through an air pipe.

2. The crop harvest dust emission measurement and control test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power cabinet (6), wherein the power cabinet (6) includes a power switch, a frequency converter, and a signal communication module.

3. The crop harvesting dust emission measurement and control test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveyor belts (1) are two conveyor belts connected in parallel, and the length of each conveyor belt is not less than 6 meters.

4. The crop harvest dust emission measurement and control test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform (4) comprises a frame (4-1), one end of the frame (4-1) is provided with a built-in traction frame (4-3), telescopic legs (4-2) are provided on both sides, the bottom of the telescopic legs (4-2) is provided with a damper (4-4), the bottom is provided with a rear axle (4-5), and tires (4-6) are provided on both sides of the rear axle (4-5).

5. The crop harvesting dust emission measurement and control test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (3) comprises a motor platform (302), on which a cleaning motor (301), a rice seedling breaking motor (305), a fruit picking motor (303) and a rice seedling lifting motor (304) are arranged in order from front to back; The fruit picking motor (303) and the rice seedling crushing motor (305) are arranged side by side, with their main shafts facing in opposite directions; a rear coupling (312) is provided on each main shaft, a torque sensor (310) is provided at the other end of the rear coupling (312), a front coupling (309) is provided at the other end of the torque sensor (310), a transmission shaft (306) is provided at the other end of the front coupling (309), the transmission shaft (306) is mounted on a bearing seat (307), the bearing seat (307) is mounted on a support plate (308), the support plate (308) is mounted on the motor platform (302), and the torque sensor (310) and the support plate (308) are fixedly connected via an L-shaped plate (311); The feeding motor (313) is arranged at the front lower part of the motor platform (302) and is connected to the power input wheel of the conveying trough (202) through a chain drive. The cleaning motor (301) is connected to the power input wheel of the cleaning system through a two-stage belt drive. The rice seedling breaking motor (305) is connected to the power input wheel of the rice seedling breaking roller through a two-stage belt drive. The fruit picking motor (303) is connected to the gearbox through a belt drive. The gearbox then distributes power to the fruit picking device and the re-picking device. The rice seedling lifting motor (304) is connected to the power input wheel of the rice seedling lifting fan through a belt drive. When in use, the feeding motor (313), the cleaning motor (301), the rice seedling breaking motor (305), the fruit picking motor (303), and the rice seedling lifting motor (304) are driven by respective frequency converters; the motors are started at the designed speed, the test bench starts working, and the crop plants are fed with the designed feeding amount at the feeding table (201). The crop plants are separated from the pods, rice seedlings and impurities under the combined action of the fruit picking device and the cleaning system, and the pods fall into the fruit discharge screw and are blown into the fruit discharge channel by the fruit discharge fan, which is relatively complete. The vines enter the vine-breaking roller below the fruit-picking device and enter the vine-lifting fan after being crushed. The broken vines and impurities enter the vine-lifting fan directly under the action of the cleaning system, and the vine-lifting fan blows the vines into the vine-collecting box. The crop plants that are not picked clean cannot be carried by the vine-lifting fan due to their high specific gravity and enter the re-picking device and return to the fruit-picking device. After the single test is completed, the pods discharged from the fruit discharge channel and the vines in the vine-collecting box are collected, and the vine-collecting box is cleaned, and then the next test is carried out according to the test design content.

6. A method for operating the crop harvesting dust emission measurement and control test bench according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Before the test, the materials are placed on the conveyor belt (1) according to the required density and fed according to the required feeding amount; the working part (2) is modularly designed and can be replaced according to the test object, thereby meeting the dust emission measurement and control research of wheat, rice, peanuts, soybeans, and cotton combine harvesting operations; The driving component (3) is used to drive the conveying, threshing / picking, cleaning and collecting working parts (2) to operate under different working parameters; The dust collection device (5) adopts a centrifugal-filtration combination to meet the collection needs of dust from crop harvesting operations. The collected dust is measured by a laser particle size analyzer, a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer to reflect the basic physical properties of the dust. The dust measurement system (7) can detect the flow rate and concentration parameters of the dust generated during operation in real time and their changes; The functions of the power cabinet (6) include powering the test bench, sending control signals, and collecting acquisition signals.

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